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VININTELL MAY 2016, ISSUE 28 Photo: Nicole Melancon SURPRISING ENCOUNTERS The Emergence of “Old-New” Wine Producing Regions: Ethiopia, Moldova & Turkey CONTENTS ETHIOPIA MOLDOVA TURKEY Brief background ..............................3 Brief background .......................... 10 Brief background .......................... 22 Area under vines ................................4 Area under vines ............................ 12 Area under vines ............................ 23 Cultivars .......................................................5 Cultivars ................................................... 12 Cultivars ................................................... 24 Certification systems.....................5 Certification systems................. 13 Certification systems................. 25 Production ................................................5 Production ............................................ 14 Production ............................................ 26 Stock status ...........................................6 Stock status ....................................... 15 Domestic Consumption ........ 27 Domestic Consumption ............6 Domestic Consumption ........ 16 Exports ..................................................... 27 Exports .........................................................7 Exports ..................................................... 17 Imports ..................................................... 29 Imports .........................................................8 Imports ..................................................... 19 Genetic Manipulation and ................................... International position .....................9 International position ................. 20 Biotechnology 31 Genetic Manipulation and Genetic Manipulation and Taxes and Prices ........................... 32 Biotechnology.......................................9 Biotechnology................................... 20 Producer income and state Producer income and state Producer income and state revenue .................................................... 32 revenue ........................................................9 revenue .................................................... 21 Forecasts ............................................... 33 Forecasts ...................................................9 Forecasts ............................................... 21 ETHIOPIA BRIEF BACKGROUND Ethiopia is among the lesser known non-tradi- Vineyards established near Addis Ababa and in tional wine producing counties. It is rare to the south-east by Italian troops who occupied open a wine bottle and reading on the label part of the country from 1936 to 1941 were later produced in Ethiopia. Yet Ethiopia has a tradi- nationalised, then privatised and a few large tion of wine making that stretches unbroken to producers have entered the scene producing INTRODUCTION the reign of the Queen of Sheba. Traditionally, serious wine. It has a great climate and it is not Top of mind when one thinks of wine regions driver. The following few editions of VinIntell will Ethiopia has been making a local wine called too hot. Wine experts say parts of Ethiopia's or countries a few usual names arise: France, attempt to describe some of the lesser-known tedj, a type of honey-wine flavoured with ger- diverse landscape, which includes high plateaux Chile, Germany, Spain, Italy, California, wine producing countries or areas in the sho leaves, that are similar to hops. However, and verdant valleys as well as six climatic zones, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand… world. Various factors are leading to new areas this ancient wine-making tradition is gradually are perfect for grape growing . There are only However, globally, new, rediscovered and opening up as producing regions including being taken over by the modern form of wine- two local producers, Castel, the French bever- emerging wine regions are becoming more climate change, emerging markets and foreign making, and some high-quality wines are being age player and Awash Winery, which has Live than just blips on the radar. Think Moravia, investment. For this the first edition, VinIntell produced in the country. Ethiopia is growing its Aid founder Bob Geldof as a director. The Tasmania, Mongolia, the UK and even looks at Ethiopia, Moldova and Turkey as “old- own grapes and producing its own signature Castel Group is one of the world's biggest pro- Romania, Ethiopia, Moldova and Turkey. New new” wine producing and consuming regions. wine. Due to the proximity to the equator, it is ducers of wines and beers and in 2014 pro- wine discoveries are also a new competitive even possible to make two harvests per year. duced its first Ethiopian Rift Valley wine. 2 3 CASTEL WINERY founder and President of the Castel Group, at CULTIVARS CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS Meles’s Palace in 2007. Meles understood a Castel, which was founded in Bordeaux, CASTEL The organic farming method introduced and France in 1949 by a family of nine brothers and combination of mild climate, limited rainfall, and employed in the development of Ziway Merlot, Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes sisters, has been operating for more than 60 volcanic soils could make his country an ideal Vineyard is conducted within the boundaries were chosen for the reds that make up 90% years. Group Castel is the 3rd largest wine location for wine growing. The construction of of the new Environmental Management of Castel's Rift Valley production, and the modern winery was completed in 2012. System (EMS), through other internationally producer in the world and the 2nd largest beer Chardonnay grapes for the white wines. The recognized accreditations such as Terra Vitis and soft drinks business in Africa. The idea of AWASH WINERY wine produced is aromatic and fruity. The and local standards and laws. establishing a Castel winery in Ethiopia was Established in 1956, Awash Wines is Ethiopia’s Castel Group has launched a new super-pre- born during a meeting between Ethiopia’s late longest established wine maker. The winery mium wine brand, Rift Valley Cuvee (Cabernet PRODUCTION president, Meles Zenawi, and Pierre Castel, has a 500 ha farm in Merti Jirsu and a 42 ha Sauvignon) and Acacia Cuvee Prestige Currently, the two wineries in the country com- plot in Ziway, about 163 km south of Addis (Chardonnay). Acacia Wine Collection will include two wines: medium sweet red and dry bined produce almost 12 million bottles of Ababa. Significant investments have been wine per year. made to upgrade facilities and further improve white blend. The collection has been five years in the making with on-going planning and quality. It still dominates the country’s wine CASTEL taste testing to make sure the brand was right. market. Like its local competitor Castel, Awash Castel has seven different types of products, has plans to quench the wine thirst of AWASH two white wines and five red wines: Acacia Ethiopians by expanding their production. The Upper Awash Valley is situated 180 km Dry Red, Acacia Medium Sweet Red, Acacia south-east of Addis Ababa. From this location, Medium Sweet White and Rift Valley Merlot, AREA UNDER VINES the grape harvest is brought to its two winer- Rift Valley Cabernet Sauvignon, Rift Valley Table 1: Summary ies, Lideta and Mekanisa, where they make a Syrah and Rift Valley Chardonnay. The range of 8 table wines. The grapes that are Company plans to export roughly 50% of its Vineyard size (planted) 258 Hectares grown are Petit Syrah, Barbera, Nebiollo, product mainly to Ethiopians abroad. Since Investment 520 Million Birr (US$24m) Chenin blanc and the native, Dodoma. They putting its products on the market in 2014, Employees Number 256 Permanent, 588 Casual have plans to further expand the vineyard. The there has been positive market acceptance. vineyard also grows a variety of food crops Castel hopes to more than double production CASTEL AWASH such as maize and teff (a local staple) for its to 3 million bottles a year. Planting 750 000 vine seedlings of French Awash Wineries, the only other producer, has community of workers. Awash also makes a AWASH varieties, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah 542 ha of prime land with 133 ha of vines range of wines that are renowned throughout Awash says the terroir where it grows its vines for red wine (90%), and Chardonnay for white growing a variety of Ethiopia. Awash and Kemila, its white wines, in the Awash Valley is perfect for wine and wine (10%) in the Ziway Vineyards (125 ha), grapes in the Upper and Gouder and Axumit, its reds, are four “uniquely we enjoy two harvests a year.” Castel decided to take advantage of the Awash Valley, with classic wine. It recently launched its Gebeta Awash has two wineries: Mekanisa, the older potential domestic market. Ziway, situated two harvests in range of premium wines to enhance the fla- of its two wineries, produces about 30% of around 1 600 metres above sea level, with November and May vours. Awash’s wine. The other winery Lideta, the sub-humid to sub- arid climate, Sandy Loam yielding a total of 3 hub of Awash's administration and wine pro- type of soil variety, mean annual precipitation 300 tons of grapes a duction produces about 70% of Awash’s wine, of 650 to 700 mm and its all year average year. It is also planting including all of its Axumit red and Kemila white temperature of 25oC is deemed suitable for on an additional 36 ha wines. The company, which has 555 employ- the grape varieties imported from Bordeaux. plot. 4 5 ees, currently produces four core