Pickens Plan Plus: “…Adding Value to the Vision”

George Hart Ph.D. George Hagerman

Ocean Energy Institute

Ocean Energy Institute Adding Value to the Vision “One if by land, two if by sea”

• The Pickens plan is an enormously valuable and timely solution to America’s crisis

• The impact of that already powerful plan (38% cut in liquid fuel use) can be more than doubled by adding to it the vision of a Texas deep water oil man: Matt Simmons “The Paul Revere of ”

- Offshore wind on both coasts and Great Lakes - Algae using agricultural and sewage runoff

Ocean Energy Institute Why Offshore Wind First Then Waves, Tidal

Assumptions 1. U.S. electric consumption based on 2005 EIA statistics. 2. Class 5 wind or better; depths 4000 between 30-m and 900-m included; 60% exclusions; HI 3500 and AK not included; 0-50nm from shore; 45% Cap factor; 3000 Source: NREL. 3. Class 5 wind or better; depths 2500 between 0-m and 30-m; included; 60% exclusions; HI 2000 and AK not included; 0-50nm from shore; 45% cap factor; 1500 Source NREL. 4. 15% of incident wave energy; 1000 20% conversion losses; AK Terawatt-hrs/year and HI Included; Wave climate 500 10kW/m or better; Source 0 EPRI. 5. Estimated from aggregate siting studies; 15% extraction permitted; In stream river US Electric (1) kinetic estimated by EPRI.. Wave Energy (4) Ocean Current (6) 6. Estimated from Coriolis Study, Tidal and Stream (5) Aquantis, and FAU; Shallow Offshore Wind (3) Miami/Gulf Stream region only, 57% ; 10- Deep Water >30-m Offshore Wind (2) GW rated capacity. 7. OTEC, salinity gradient, marine not evaluated.

Ocean Energy Institute The Solution Has to Be a Complete System

GUST of Wind

•Generation: Offshore Wind

• Usage: Heat Pumps

• Storage: Phase change heat storage, PEHV’s

• Transmission: Technology

Generation and Usage tap into resource & use it efficiently Storage and Transmission address “intermittent” character of wind

Ocean Energy Institute Points to Consider

• Heating and cooling use up about as much energy as gasoline for many family budgets

• “Electricity” as we commonly think of it (lights, computer, TV, refrigerators) is much smaller use

• Breakdown is 50-40-10 Gasoline, Heat, Elec

• Renewables for these uses can step around intermittency issue by simply storing heat and cold

• is actually the best fuel for spinning reserve peaking power plants needed as back up for renewable solar / wind

• Liquid fuels are so superbly suited for many transportation uses that by biofuels will be needed Ocean Energy Institute Saving Factors of Five in Energy To Save America

• A factor of five in energy can be saved by using electricity from wind / solar in Plug-In Electric Vehicles vs burning gasoline with a thermal to mechanical energy conversion efficiency of only 20% • Becomes a factor of 3-4 if electricity is from oil or gas

• A factor of five in energy can be saved by using heat pumps to move heat where it’s needed rather than burning oil or gas to create heat (and greenhouse gases) • Becomes a factor of 3-4 if electricity is from oil or gas

Ocean Energy Institute Pickens Plan for Central U.S. Wind Corridor

Ocean Energy Institute Pickens Plan Plus Distributes Economic and Energy Benefits Across the Country

Ocean Energy Institute Added Value 1: Better Wind Resources

Pacific NW Gulf of Maine Class 5, 6 & 7 Class 6

Great Lakes Class 5 & 6

Mid-Atlantic Class 5 & 6

S California Southeast Class 4, 5 & 6 Class 4, 5 & 6 Class 3, 4 & 5

Ocean Energy Institute Added Value 2: Better Wind Resources Located Closer to Urban Load Centers

Ocean Energy Institute Added Value 3: Less Intermittency as Weather Moves from East to West

Great Plains Relying on one 200 to 300 GW region increases peak vulnerability to weather / tornadoes

Ocean Energy Institute Added Value 3: Less Intermittency as Weather Moves from East to West

Pacific Ocean Great 50 to 75 GW Plains peak Great Lakes 50 to 75 GW 50 to 75 GW peak peak

Same net total power Atlantic Ocean 50 to 75 GW peak

Ocean Energy Institute If Offshore Wind Lanes Further Developed to Harness 10 to 20% of Resource Potential

Pacific Ocean Great 75 to 150 GW Plains peak Great Lakes 200 to 300 GW 110 to 220 GW peak peak Net total power increased Atlantic Ocean 120 to 240 GW peak

Ocean Energy Institute Pickens Plan for Central U.S. Wind Corridor and Southwest Solar Corridor

Ocean Energy Institute Pickens Plan Plus Distributes Economic and Energy Benefits Across the Country

Ocean Energy Institute