The Boleten Register of Historic Places

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Boleten Register of Historic Places natural resources, is designated as a National Natural Landmark, and listed on the National The Boleten Register of Historic Places. The Lodge stands now as it did in the 1930’s, and to stay here is a unique Gulf States Mycological Society, Inc. experience. The park features one of the world’s Affiliated with the North American Mycological Association largest and deepest fresh water springs, surrounded Volume XXXIII, Number 3, September 2010 by nearly 3000 acres of pristine forest. Saturday Website - http://gsmyco.org David P. Lewis, President; W. David Fuller, Vice President; forays are being planned into the surrounding areas Patricia Lewis, Sec/Treas; Steve Harsch, Webmaster; Clark by Bill Petty, our man in Crawfordville, FL. Overbo & Juan Luis Mata, Co-Scientific Advisors. ------------------------------------------------------------- You may find time for birding, swimming, or a 2010 MEMBERSHIP DUES River Cruise tour of the Wakulla River. The River IF THE YEAR AT THE END OF YOUR NAME Cruise runs daily, from 9:40AM-5PM hourly, $8 per IS EARLIER THAN ‘10, YOUR DUES ARE adult. PAST DUE. PLEASE MAIL YOUR CHECK PAYABLE TO "GSMS" IN THE AMOUNT OF Dr. Tom Volk, Professor of Biology at the $15 - INDIVIDUAL OR $20 - FAMILY TO University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, will be our "GSMS, 262 CR 3062, NEWTON, TX 75966" IF guest mycologist. He teaches several courses on YOU WISH TO PAY YOUR NAMA DUES AT Mycology and related subjects, and Latin and Greek THE REDUCED RATE OF $32, INCLUDE A for scientists. His extensive research includes SEPARATE CHECK PAYABLE TO "NAMA", studies of the genera Armillaria, Morchella, IN THE SAME ENVELOPE. PLEASE MAIL Hydnellum, Laetiporus, fungal biodiversity studies, NOW AS WE ARE REQUIRED TO PURGE and mushroom cultivation. His internet webpage, MEMBERS WHO ARE NOT CURRENT ON http//TomVolkFungi.net has many popular features. EACH YEAR'S DUES. THANKS. Dr. Bart Buyck of the National Museum of Natural GSMS WINTER FORAY 2010 History in Paris, France, may give a talk on the WAKULLA SPRINGS STATE PARK genus Russula. Bart will be visiting the US for a few WAKULLA SPRINGS, FLORIDA weeks and we hope he will be able to work us into DECEMBER 3 - 5, 2010 his schedule. REGISTRATION DEADLINE We plan to have entertainment on Friday or NOVEMBER 12, 2010 Saturday evening, a Bluegrass Band courtesy of Bill Our foray will return to Wakulla Springs State Park Petty and the Wildwood Weeds, and details are & Lodge, 550 Wakulla Springs Dr, Wakulla being arranged. Springs, FL 32305, and located 15 miles south of Tallahassee, Florida. We have not been here since Lodge space is limited, and when the 26 rooms at the summer of 2002, and we look forward to our the Lodge are filled, no additional reservations will return. www.floridastateparks.org be accepted. Details on room layout can be seen in the registration form. Persons wishing to attend who The Lodge can be reached by taking State Hwy 61 reside nearby may choose to pay only the south from Tallahassee, and turning east on State registration fee, as an off-site attendee. Hwy 267 to the entrance. The entrance fee will be waived for participants, simply let the guard at the Registration will begin on Friday at 2:30PM in the gate know that you are there for a meeting. Check- Lodge main lobby. The complete itinerary for the in time for your room at the Lodge is 3:00 PM. foray will be available there. We will have a snack The historic Lodge, built in 1937, and surrounding buffet/pot luck in the Dogwood Room (formerly the Pavillion) beginning at 6:00PM on Friday. Please bring a dish to share, if you are able. Other Friday Location information may be found on their website activities will be a welcome and introduction around www.outdoornatureclub.org 7:30PM, discussion of the Saturday foray sites, ******************************************* social and possible entertainment. GULF STATES SUMMER FORAY JULY 9 – 11, HILLSDALE, MS All meals (except Friday dinner and a make-your- Our summer foray was held at King’s Arrow Ranch own sack lunch on Saturday) are at your own Inn, at Hillsdale MS. We began on Friday evening expense. The Lodge Dining Room has an excellent with our Shrimp Boil at poolside, prepared in fine menu, and meals may be charged to your room with style by Peyton Wilson. We were able to meet, for a credit card. The Dining Room hours are: the first time, his able assistant and better half, Breakfast 7:30-10:00AM, Dinner 6:00-8:00PM. Linda, and we hope to see her much more often, And there are snacks available at the Gift Shop since her retirement. Many thanks to Peyton, Linda, Snack Bar, open 9AM–5PM. and Ben Rauch. We must release rooms after Nov. 12, so please mail Our forays on Saturday took us to the Wolf River the attached registration form and your check to WMA, Red Creek near Ramsey Springs, and reach us by that date. For more information Pascagoula River WMA. We found 32 species of telephone Patricia Lewis 409-423-3776, or email Boletes, six species of Cantherellus, eight of dandplewis at gmail dot com Lactarius, ten of Russula, and six of Amanita. A few ************************************** of the more uncommon fungi include Amanita BIG THICKET MUSHROOM WALK hesleri, Boletellus chrysenteroides, Fistulinella IN TEXAS jamaicensis, Laetiporus persicinus, and Tylopilus SATURDAY NOVEMBER 20, 2010 rhoadsiae. We will meet at 10 AM at the Big Thicket National Preserve (BTNP) Field Research Station (FRS), This was the first year that Allison and Jake Walker located in Saratoga TX, on the west side of the obtained group collecting permits for us for the State highway. Saratoga is approx. 35 miles NW of of Mississippi WMA’s, to avoid collecting illegally Beaumont. The FRS is on FM 770, north off TX and possible fines. Thanks, Allison and Jake. Hwy 105 between Beaumont and Cleveland. We will foray into the Lance Rosier Unit of the BTNP, Dr. Ron Petersen of the University of Tennessee at collect and record species, and thereby assist with Knoxville spoke on “Names, Names, Names” the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) species explaining how DNA and mating studies have list for the BTNP. caused name changes for some common fungi. After collecting, we will return to the FRS, have lunch, and discuss the morning’s finds. Bring The graduate student we hosted this summer was collecting gear, rainwear, water, bug spray, and a Katherine Winsett, of the University of Arkansas at sack lunch Please call or email with any questions: Fayetteville. She presented on “Myxomycetes of David & Patricia Lewis 409-423-3776 or email: the Gulf Coast and East Texas”. Katie greatly added dandplewis at gmail dot com to our knowledge of the Myxomycetes (Slime ************************************** Molds). Houston Outdoor Nature Club At our business meeting, all our officers were Presentation & Nature Walk reelected for another year, and we discussed plans David Lewis will give a talk on Mushrooms to the for our winter foray, to be held December 3 – 5, in Outdoor Nature Club in Houston on Thursday, Wakulla Springs, Florida. November 11, 2010. He will lead a mushroom walk Members attending were Nancy Gilmore, Jay at the LittleThicket Nature Sanctuary near Justice, David & Patricia Lewis, Therese Martin, Cleveland, TX on Saturday, November 13, 2010. Juan Luis Mata, Dennis & Angelica Miller, Julia O’Neal, Clark Ovrebo, Bill Petty, Ben Rauch, Paul Collybia biformis (Pk.) Singer & Patch Scott, Wallace & Lyn Tomlinson, Odin Coltricia perennis (L.:Fr.) Murrill Toness, Phillip & Alexandra Tussing, Don Ward, Cortinarius callisteus (Fr.) Fr. Robert & Rosemary Williams, and Peyton & Linda Cortinarius marylandensis Amm. & Sm. nom. prov. Wilson. Non-members were D W Borland, Entoloma strictius (Pk.) Sacc. Margaret Evans, Van & Susan Metzler, Ron Fistulinella jamaicensis (Murr.) Singer Petersen, Katherine Winsett, and Heather, James, Fomitella supina (Sw.) Murr. and Thomas Wilson. Ganoderma lucidum Leysser: Fr. SPECIES LIST FOR SUMMER FORAY Gerronema strombodes (Berkeley & Montagne) Agrocybe retigera (Spegazzini) Singer Sing. Amanita flavoconia Atkinson Gymnopilus liquiritiae (Pers: Fr.) Karst. Amanita flavorubescens Atkinson Gymnopus confluens (Persoon:Fr.) Antonin, Halling Amanita gemmata (Fr.) Gill & Nordeloos Amanita hesleri Bas. Gymnopus iocephalus (Berk. & Curtis) Halling Amanita rubescens (Pers.: Fr.) S.F. Gray Gyroporus castaneus (Bull.: Fr.) Quel. Amanita species T10 Helvella macropus (Pers.: Fr.) Kar. Boletellus chrysenteroides (Snell) Sing. Lactarius corrugis Pk. Boletus atkinsonii Pk. Lactarius fumosus Pk. Boletus auripes Pk. Lactarius hysginus Fr. Boletus auriporus Pk. Lactarius peckii (Burlingham) Sacc. Boletus campestris Smith & Thiers Lactarius piperatus (Scop.: Fr.) S.F. Gray Boletus frostii Russell apud Frost Lactarius subplinthogalus Coker Boletus hypocarycinus Sing. Lactarius subvernalis Hesler & Smith Boletus innixus Frost Lactarius subvernalis var. cokeri A.H.S. & Theirs Boletus lewisii (Singer) A.E. Bessette, W.C. Roody Laetiporus persicinus (B. & C.) Gilb. & A.R. Bessette Leccinum albellum (Fr.) Sing. Boletus miniato-pallescens A.H. Smith & Thiers Leccinum rugosiceps (Pk.) Sing. Boletus pallidus Frost Lentinula raphanica (Murr.) Mata & R.H. Petersen Boletus retipes Berk. & Curt. Lentinus crinitus (L:Fr.) Fr. Boletus rufomaculatus Both Lepiota besseyi H.V. Smith & N.S. Weber Boletus spadiceus Fr. Microporellus dealbatus (B.& C.) Murr. Boletus subglabripes Pk. Microporellus obovatus (Jungh) Ryv. Callistosporium luteo-olivaceum (Berk. & Curt.) Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Singer Pulveroboletus hemichrysus (Berk. & Curt) Singer Calocera cornea (Fr.) Loudon Pulveroboletus cfr. lignicola perhaps new! Calostoma cinnabarina Desv. Russula albida Pk. Calvatia craniiformis (Schw.) Fr. Russula compacta Frost Cantharellus cibarius var. amethysteus Russula crustosa Pk. (Quel.)Feibelman Russula flavida Frost Cantharellus cinnabarinus Schw. Russula ludoviciana Shaffer Cantharellus confluens (Berk. & Curt.) Peterson Russula mariae Pk. Cantharellus lateritius (Berk.) Singer Russula pallidocrustosa sp. nov. (unpublished) Cantharellus minor Pk. Russula pectinatoides Pk. Cantarellus tabernensis Feibelman Russula romagnesiana Shaffer Chlorophyllum molybdites (Meyer: Fr.) Mass.
Recommended publications
  • Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
    United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
    [Show full text]
  • A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella Species
    A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Printed in Eko-trykk A/S, Førde, Norway Printing date: 1. August 1995 ISBN 82-90724-14-4 ISSN 0802-4966 A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway 6 Authors address: Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service One Gifford Pinchot Dr. Madison, WI 53705 USA ABSTRACT Once a taxonomic refugium for nearly any white-spored agaric with an annulus and attached gills, the concept of the genus Armillaria has been clarified with the neotypification of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer and its acceptance as type species of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude. Due to recognition of different type species over the years and an extremely variable generic concept, at least 274 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria (or in Armillariella Karst., its obligate synonym). Only about forty species belong in the genus Armillaria sensu stricto, while the rest can be placed in forty-three other modem genera. This study is based on original descriptions in the literature, as well as studies of type specimens and generic and species concepts by other authors. This publication consists of an alphabetical listing of all epithets used in Armillaria or Armillariella, with their basionyms, currently accepted names, and other obligate and facultative synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection, Recognition and Management Options for Armillaria Root Disease in Urban Environments
    Detection, recognition and management options for Armillaria root disease in urban environments Richard Robinson Department of Environment and Conservation, Manjimup, WA 6258 Email: [email protected] Abstract Armillaria luteobubalina, the Australian honey fungus, is an endemic pathogen that attacks and kills the roots of susceptible trees and shrubs, causing a root rot. The fungus colonises the cambium and trees eventually die when the root collar is girdle and it spreads from host to host by root contact. The disease is referred to as armillaria root disease (ARD). In recent years, reports of ARD killing trees and shrubs in urban parks and gardens have increased. When investigated, infection is usually traced to stumps or the roots of infected trees that were left following clearing of the bush when towns or new suburbs were established. The Australian honey fungus is indigenous to southern Australia, and is common in all forest, woodland and some coastal heath communities. In undisturbed environments, ARD is generally not the primary cause of death of healthy forest or woodland trees but more usually it kills trees weakened by competition, age-related decline or environmental stress and disturbance. In gardens and parks, however, the honey fungus can become a particularly aggressive pathogen and in this situation no native or ornamental trees and shrubs appear to be resistant to infection. The life cycle of the fungus consists of a parasitic phase during which the host is infected and colonised. The time taken for plants to succumb to disease varies, but may take decades for large trees. A saprophytic phase follows, during which the root system and stump of the dead host is used by the fungus as a food base.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Occurrence of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review A Review of the Occurrence of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in Wild Mushrooms 1, 2,3, Dagmara Strumi ´nska-Parulska * and Jerzy Falandysz y 1 Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gda´nsk, 80-308 Gda´nsk,Poland 2 Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gda´nsk, 80-308 Gda´nsk,Poland; [email protected] 3 Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-58-5235254 Jerzy Falandysz is visiting professor at affiliation 3. y Received: 22 September 2020; Accepted: 3 November 2020; Published: 6 November 2020 Abstract: Alpha-emitting radioisotopes are the most toxic among all radionuclides. In particular, medium to long-lived isotopes of the heavier metals are of the greatest concern to human health and radiological safety. This review focuses on the most common alpha-emitting radionuclides of natural and anthropogenic origin in wild mushrooms from around the world. Mushrooms bio-accumulate a range of mineral ionic constituents and radioactive elements to different extents, and are therefore considered as suitable bio-indicators of environmental pollution. The available literature indicates that the natural radionuclide 210Po is accumulated at the highest levels (up to 22 kBq/kg dry weight (dw) in wild mushrooms from Finland), while among synthetic nuclides, the highest levels of up to 53.8 Bq/kg dw of 239+240Pu were reported in Ukrainian mushrooms. The capacity to retain the activity of individual nuclides varies between mushrooms, which is of particular interest for edible species that are consumed either locally or, in some cases, also traded on an international scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Armillaria the Genus Armillaria Armillaria in North Contains About 40 Species of America
    2006 No. 3 The many facets of Armillaria The genus Armillaria Armillaria in North contains about 40 species of America. Fortunately, important wood-rot fungi which physical features do are widely distributed across the separate some of the world. Their basic behaviour is species, and the fairly similar, because all the species well documented invade plant roots and cause a geographical ranges of progressive white rot. For this the mushrooms help reason, all these fungi were at one to separate others time grouped into a single species, The classic Armillaria mellea; however, they Honey Mushroom, are now separated based on Armillaria mellea, morphology, physiology, turns out to be pathogenicity, and geographical limited mostly to distribution. eastern North Since so many species of America, so the Armillaria look alike, mycologists Honey Mushrooms we have “mated” Armillaria species in collect and eat in the lab. They grow two species, in Alberta are not a single Petri dish and observe the Armillaria mellea, resulting reaction once the two but one or two other expanding colonies meet in the species of Armillaria. middle of the dish. They discovered that some Honey Morphology Mushrooms would take to one Cap: 3-15 cm, convex another, while others turned up to broadly convex or Photo courtesy: Martin Osis their fungal noses at the idea of plane in age; the margin often pairing up. Thus, using the arched at maturity; dry or tacky; vaguely radially arranged. “biological species concept” (in color extremely variable, but Gills: Attached or slightly basic terms, if they cannot mate, typically honey yellow; smooth, or decurrrent, nearly distant; whitish, they belong to separate species), we with a few tiny, dark scales sometimes bruising or discolouring now define ten species of concentrated near the centre and darker.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1
    A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1 BRI'IT A. BUNYARD, Biology Department, Dauby Science Center, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124 ABSTRACT. Threats to our natural areas come from several sources; this problem is all too familiar in northeast Ohio. One of the goals of the Geauga County Park District is to protect high quality natural areas from rapidly encroaching development. One measure of an ecosystem's importance, as well as overall health, is in the biodiversity present. Furthermore, once the species diversity is assessed, this can be used to monitor the well-being of the ecosystem into the future. Currently, a paucity of information exists on the diversity of higher fungi in northern Ohio. The purpose of this two-year investigation was to inventory species of macrofungi present within The West Woods Park (Geauga Co., OH) and to evaluate overall diversity among different taxonomic groups of fungi present. Fruit bodies of Basidiomycetous and Ascomycetous fungi were collected weekly throughout the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, identified using taxonomic keys, and photographed. At least 134 species from 30 families of Basidiomycetous fungi and at least 19 species from 11 families of Ascomycetous fungi were positively identified during this study. The results of this study were more extensive than from those of any previous survey in northeast Ohio. These findings point out the importance of The West Woods ecosystem to biodiversity of fungi in particular, possibly to overall biodiversity in general, and as an invaluable preserve for the northeast Ohio region. OHIO J SCI 103 (2):29-32, 2003 INTRODUCTION need for biodiversity assessment to evaluate the fates Fungi are among the most diverse groups of living of ever-decreasing natural habitats (Hawksworth 1991; organisms on earth, though inadequately studied world- National Research Council 1993; Cannon 1997; Rossman wide (Hawksworth 1991; Cannon 1997; Rossman and and Farr 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • M U S H R O O
    M U S Jack O’lantern H 7311 Highway 100 R Nashville, TN 37221 615-862-8555 [email protected] www.wpnc.nashville.gov O List compiled by Deb Beazley, 1986,1993,2003,2006,2009, 2018 Photographs by Deb Beazley O M Green Spored Lepiota S Of Warner Parks Common Split Gill MUSHROOMS OF THE WARNER PARKS 200) Arched Earthstar Geastrum fornicatum 201) Rounded Earthstar Geastrum saccatum ** Remember: The Park is a delicate natural area. All plants, animals, and fungi are strictly protected. Collecting of anything is prohibited. Stalked Puffballs: Order Tulostomatales 202) Buried-stalk Puffball Tulostoma simulans Kingdom: Fungus Phylum: Ascomycota - Spores formed inside sac-like cells called asci; (also contains yeasts, False Truffles: Order Hymenogastrales bread molds, and powdery mildews) 203) Yellow Blob False Truffle Alpova luteus (trappei) Class: Discomycetes - Asci line the exposed surface of the fruiting body Bird’s Nest Fungi: Order Nidulariales Cup Fungi: Order Pizizales 204) White-egg Bird’s Nest Crucibulum laeve 1) Scarlet Cup Sarcoscypha coccinea 205) Splash Cups Cyathus stercoreus 2) Stalked Scarlet Cup Sarcoscypa occidentalis 206) Striated Splash Cups Cyathus striatus 3) Burn Site Shield Cup Ascoblus carbonazius Rounded Earthstar 4) Crustlike Cup Rhizina undalata Stinkhorns: Order Phallales 5) Devil’s Urn Urnula craterium 207) Pitted White Stinkhorn Phallus impudicus 6) Eyelash Cup Scutellinia scutellata 208) Elegant Stinkhorn Mutinus elegans 7) Ribbed-stalked Cup Helvella acetabulum 209) Lantern Stinkhorn Lysurus mokusin 8) Yellow Morel Morchella esculenta 9) Hairy Rubber Cup Bulgaria rufa Smuts, Rusts, Blights, and Wilts 210) Cedar Apple Rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Earth Tongues: Order Helotiales 211) Corn Smut Ustilago maydis 10) Velvety Earth Tongue Trichoglossum hirsutum 11) Purple Jelly Drops Ascocoryne sarcoides Class: Myxomycetes 12) Yellow Fairy Cups Bisporella citrina Yellow Morel 13) Fairy Fan Spathularia sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Fall Mushrooms
    FALL MUSHROOMS TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHS BY DAVE BRUMFIELD DESIGNED AND ILLUSTRATED BY DANETTE RUSHBOLDT introduction For much of the year, any walk through the woods reveals an assortment of fascinating mushrooms, each playing an important role in the forest ecosystem. This guide serves as a reference for some of the mushrooms you may encounter while hiking in the Metro Parks. It is arranged in three sections: mushrooms with gills, mushrooms with pores, and others. Each mushroom is identified by its common and scientific name, a brief description, where and when it grows, and some fun facts. As you venture into the woods this fall, take a closer look at the mushrooms around you. Our hope is that this guide will help you to identify them, develop a better understanding of the role they play in nature, and inspire you to further explore the world of mushrooms. Happy Mushrooming! Naturalist Dave Brumfield glossary of terms Fruiting body ............ The reproductive structure of a fungus; typically known as a mushroom. Fruiting .................... The reproductive stage of a fungus when a mushroom is formed. Fungus ...................... A group of organisms that includes mushrooms and molds. Hyphae.......................Thread-like filaments that grow out from a germinated spore. Mycorrhizal ............. Having a symbiotic relationship between a plant root and fungal hyphae. Parasite .................... Fungus that grows by taking nourishment from other living organisms. Polypore ................... A group of fungi that form fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the underside through which spores are released. Saprophyte ............... A fungus that grows by taking nourishment from dead organisms. Spines ....................... Small “teeth” hanging down from the underside of the cap of a mushroom.
    [Show full text]
  • Root Rots, Butt Rots & Stem Decays of Alaskan Trees
    Root Rots, Butt Rots & Stem Decays of Alaskan Trees DAMAGE AGENTS PAGE Root & Butt Rots (Unknown) 1 Armillaria species / Armillaria Root Rot 3 Heterobasidion occidentale / Heterobasidion Root Rot 5 Onnia tomentosa / Tomentosus Root Rot 7 Phaeolus schweinitzii / Velvet Top 9 Pholiota species / Yellow Cap Fungus 11 Stem Decays (Unknown) 13 Echinodontium tinctorium / Paint Fungus 15 Fomes fomentarius / Tinder Conk 17 Fomitopsis officinalis / Quinine Conk 19 Fomitopsis pinicola / Red Belt Conk 21 Ganoderma applanatum / Artist’s Conk 23 Ganoderma tsugae / Varnish Conk 25 Inonotus obliquus / Cinder Conk 27 Laetiporus sulphureus / Chicken of the woods 29 Phellinus hartigii / Hartigs Conk 31 Phellinus igniarius and P. tremulae/ False Tinder Conk 33 Piptoporus betulinus / Birch Conk 35 Porodaedalea pini / Red Ring Rot 37 0 Root and Butt Rots 1 Root and Butt Rots Hosts: All tree species in Alaska. ID: Decayed roots and butts. Mushrooms, conks, or other fungal structures on the root collar or roots (nonpathogenic mushrooms and conks can also be found near tree bases). Uprooted trees have few remaining roots (root ball, root wad). The direction of tree fall may be inconsistent rather than with the direction of prevailing wind. Remarks: The known root and butt diseases in Alaska are caused by internal wood decay (rot) fungi that may overlap with stem decay fungi. Butt rot fungi decay the heartwood at the base of the stem. Trees can live with butt rot for years or decades. Tree mortality usually occurs due to uprooting or snapping associated with the loss of structural integrity. 2 Armillaria species Armillaria Root Rot mycelial fans 3 rhizomorphs Hosts: All tree species in Alaska.
    [Show full text]
  • Armillaria Root Rot Robert Hartig (1839-1901) Is Considered the Father of Forest Pathology
    Landscape Notes Vol 17 no. 5 & 6 January 2004 Disease Notes: Armillaria Root Rot Robert Hartig (1839-1901) is considered the father of Forest Pathology. It was he who in a monographic treatise in 1874 on Agaricus melleus described the pathology of what we now call Armillaria mellea. A. mellea causes root disease to such degree as to be one of the most prominent killers and decayers of deciduous and coniferous forest trees, orchard and ornamental trees, shrubs and other landscape plants throughout the world. It is the cause of many of the tree deaths I diagnose every year. Comments on the Life History and Survival Structures Armillaria can act as a primary pathogen, a stress-induced secondary invader, and as a saprophyte. The basis for this varied physiology is not understood. Armillaria has the ability to form many different kinds of structures based on its survival in wood. It can form mushrooms (basidiomes), mycelia, melanized cells or pseudosclerotial zone lines in wood, and rhizomorphs. The mushrooms of Armillaria typically form in winter in California after about two months of cold night and day temperatures. Their formation around infected trees or root pieces may occur every year consistently or intermittently from year to year depending on temperature conditions. They are always formed in clusters— never are they solitary. Mushrooms are always attached to woody material, either the bases of trees or roots near the surface. The mushroom has a cap and stalk or stipe which has a ring or annulus on it. (Fig. 1) The color is variable from honey colored to brown.
    [Show full text]
  • Armillaria Root Rot Wood in Soil, Infecting New Plantings and Spreading to Infect Nearby Plants (Figure 21)
    Armillaria Root Rot wood in soil, infecting new plantings and spreading to infect nearby plants (Figure 21). Armillaria mellea Symptoms and Damage Armillaria root rot infects many crops and native and orna- mental plants. Common hosts include avocado, cherimoya, The Armillaria fungus can become well established in roots citrus, and oak trees. The fungus persists in infested roots and and the root crown before any symptoms are visible above ground. Infected trees usually die prematurely, and if they are young trees they often die quickly after infection. Mature trees may die quickly or slowly, or they may recover at least temporarily if conditions become good for tree growth and poor for disease development. Wilted, downward-hanging foliage is often the first obvi- ous symptom of Armillaria root rot. Other symptoms include yellowing of the foliage, leaf drop, and dieback of upper limbs. During rainy fall and winter periods, short-lived mushrooms often appear around the base of Armillaria-infected trees. The mushroom caps vary in color from off-white to honey-yellow to almost black. Each cap is about 1 to 10 inches (2.5–25 cm) in diameter. The mushrooms always occur in groups, never singly. Mushrooms have a ring on the stalk just under the cap This wilted, downward-hanging foliage is a symptom of infection by Armillaria mellea. Other symptoms of Armillaria root rot include yellowing of foliage, leaf drop, and dieback of upper limbs. JACK KELLY CLARK JACK KELLY During the rainy fall and winter, short-lived mushrooms often grow The most reliable sign of Armillaria root rot is white, cottony fungal around the base of Armillaria-infected trees such as this almond.
    [Show full text]
  • Mushrooming Be Advised That This Is a Pastime Where Impatience Is Not Your Friend
    by Michael Hopping IMPATIENCE IS INHERENT TO THE HUMAN CONDITION. Who doesn’t want to skip over the blah, blah, blah and get on with things? Okay, let’s do that. If you’re new to mushrooming be advised that this is a pastime where impatience is not your friend. And now, back to our regular programming. Imagine a nature scene. Is it dominated by plants and animals? Ordinarily, they are the most obvious creatures around. The fungi that also surround us tend to be invisible. Exceptions include the reproductive acts we call mushrooms. Those are staged by thready fungal networks, mycelia, living underground, in wood or on decaying matter. The “roots” sometimes seen at the base of mushrooms are links between the fruiting body and parent mycelium. Think of mushrooms as apples and the attached threads as multiple stems. Mushrooms can be picked, if done responsibly, without endangering the creatures that produce them. But fungi aren’t plants. A mycelium, like an animal, must obtain the sugar needed to power its cellular engines from outside sources. Some species partner with plants—the payoff for the plant being water and minerals courtesy of fungal extensions on its root system. Others fungi are parasites. Still others recycle dead material. The largest single organism on Earth may be a mycelium of Armillaria solidipes, a parasitic type of honey mushroom. This wispy monster occupies 3.4 square miles in the Blue Mountains of Oregon; its age is estimated at 2400 years. Mushroom cultivators are attuned to the health and behavior of the mycelia they farm.
    [Show full text]