Belgian Association of Landscape Architects

“Landscape as a collective memory”

Pecha Kucha Presentation IFLA Europe General Assembly, 8-10 November 2019, Antalya, Turkey

Prepared by Didier Vancutsem IFLA Europe Delegate Landscape as a collective memory in Belgium

The landscape is the result of human interaction with nature through the centuries. Through settlements, agriculture development, industrial activities, technologies, and more, human being transformed our landscape in an irrevocable way. Nature as part of our culture, is becoming more and more under pressure.

Collective memory landscape in Belgium is part of the local identity – it is strongly related to monuments, sites and heritage.

The contributions from Belgium on the topic “Landscape as a collective memory” illustrate the consciousness of Belgian landscape architects on the memory of the landscape: all support the need to rethink the way how we deal with nature, landscape and natural resources. The neglected use of our natural and cultural heritage, built and non-built environment, has to be changed and transformed in a positive way.

The landscape architect understands his role as a mediator, taking care and restoring the human and landscape heritage. Landscape as a collective memory Projects in Belgium

- Abbey project by Jonas Vanneste / Kenny Vandepoel, landscape Architect - Office BUUR Gent Brussel

- Garden Renewal Felix Hap in Etterbeek/Bruxelles, by Gilles Saussez, Landscape Architect - SKOPE

- Renewal of the Memorial Lawn of Cemetery 1914-1918 in Saint-Gilles/Bruxelles by Anne-Marie SAUVAT, Landscape Architect, EOLE sprl, Brussels

- A new home for the Lions Antwerp Zoo / Hidden river and Student Residence Leuven by Michel Pauwels, Landscape Architect ONTWERPBUREAU PAUWELS BVBA, Leuven

- Landscape Charter of Natural Park of the Attert Valley, by Marie-Hélène Quoirin, Landscape Architecte ARPAYGE

- Redesign of the Centre of Jabbeke, by Antoine Deroose, Landscape Architect, PAUL DE ROOSE LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS

Pictures copyright: All pictures are from the authors / landscape architects respectively. Project

A splendid Abbey in a majestic Landscape Restoring and Reactivating the Affligem Abbey

Cause of demise: Destruction/bombing Diminishing activity Fulfilling needs of mobility region and housing

Result: Detachment of the Abbey and its landscape, loss of strong and strict landscape structures made the abbey loose its adhesion to the landscape Affligem Abbey Project Goal: A thriving Abbey site as the anchor in the Erembald-Kravaalbos landscape region

1. Creation of a strong, new landscape CASCO within the tradition of landscape transitions throughout history:

2. Make it a destination in stead of a transition space by making the sequences from region, extra muros, intra muros to claustrum, from public to individual, from past to future to be experienced Affligem Abbey Project 3. Reactivate site, attracting and promoting place compatible uses and programs with the new interest in local hop cultivation as trigger

The Belvedère: where everything comes together, experiencing the grandeur Garden Renewal Félix Hap, Brussels

The Hap Garden is a former garden of a notarial family property, now open to the public. It offers a diversity of spaces and atmospheres to the walker: a high cover without low vegetation along the Chaussée de , a beautiful clearing in front of the Orangery, a second clearing around the pond punctuated by a kiosk, a thick undergrowth that is impassable along Rue Hap, a wooded path laid out with a didactic vision by the Brussels-Environment towards the library, as well as some unfurnished or poorly accessible spaces along terraces.

Location: Etterbeek, Brussels An important property by its surface area and by its symbolism in the minds of local residents, the Hap Garden Project owner: Commune of Etterbeek offered an incomplete image, not always understandable by users: Is it a park? An open garden? What can be Study: 2015-2020 done about it, how can it be used? Completion: 2017 In the spirit of the "Home and Garden" of the early 20th century - cherished by the original owner notary Félix Works 650.000 € Hap -, the project aims to recreate the intimate union of the bourgeois house with its garden and the Orangery, Surface: 1.4 ha as part of the Intercultural Cluster programme of the Chasse-Gray Sustainable District Contract. Through a Office : SKOPE smpa scrl (Brussels) concerted approach, the project brings this historic garden back to life by restoring the paths and picturesque Project manager: Gilles Saussez, My Landscape views, working on the plant layers, renovating the spring.... A new entrance has been created to strengthen its Architect ABAJP connection to the neighbourhood, and shared vegetable gardens have been set up outside the historic route. Historian Partner: Jean-Marie Bailly, Landscape Architect ABAJP These interventions are carried out in the continuity and coherence of the renovation of the Maison Hap, its Orangery and stables, the entire project management being carried out by the multidisciplinary urban planning, landscape and architecture office SKOPE, in Brussels. Garden Renewal Félix Hap, Brussels

During the Cultural Heritage Days Garden Renewal Félix Hap, Brussels

Renovation of the « rip-rap » and private staircase Renovation of the spring

Clearing and Bassin New entrance Renewal of the Memorial Lawn Saint-Gilles Cemetery 1914-1918

City of Saint-Gilles Brussels

Cemetery transformed into natural landscape remembering soldiers who fought during 1st World War Renewal of the Memorial Lawn Saint Gilles Cemetery 1914-1918 A new home for the Lions, Antwerp Zoo ANTWERP ZOO A NEW HOME FOR THE LIONS ONTWERPBUREAU PAUWELS BVBA landschap- en tuinarchitectuur stedenbouw en expertises subject lion and meerkat housing with panoramic ter- races, water feature, cascades and artifcial rocks within protected 19th century park landscape start date 2007 ANTWERP ZOO A NEW HOME FOR THE LIONS end date 2012 To comply with the new legislation concerning the keeping of large surface 0,3ha cats, the Royal Society of Zoology Antwerp decided to transform the historic panoramic housing of the donkeys and camels into an at- client Koninklijke Maatschappij voor Dierkunde tractive, contemporary lion’s kingdom. This, together with the impor- tant fact that het Antwerp Zoo is situated in a classifed 19th-century architect Vectris (Leuven) landscape park, posed a fascinating challenge for the designers. engineer RVE Engineering (Antwerpen) The lions are not hidden away behind bars, but live in a very natural looking rock ‘gap’, with subtle references to their original habitat, the cost excl. VAT 3.850.000 euro Kalahari Desert. Using the existing rocky elevation an upper and a lower pond were designed. A mountain stream clatters down between them. Retaining To comply with the new legislation concerning the walls in natural rocks cover the diference in height. keeping of large cats, the Royal Society of Zoology The two overhanging rock walls of the 4,5m high gorge are artifcial, Antwerp decided to transform the historic panoramic but ft in perfectly with the existing historic rock landscape of the adja- housing of the donkeys and camels into an at- cent areas. tractive, contemporary lion’s kingdom. This, together with the important fact that het Antwerp Zoo is The lions share their new habitat with a group of meerkats, that enter situated in a classified 19th-century landscape park, the gorge by a sophisticated set of tunnels all starting in their own posed a fascinating challenge for the designers. pen. The lions are not hidden away behind bars, but live in a very natural looking rock ‘gap’, with subtle The gorge opens to the park below and connects to the park’s histori- references to their original habitat, the Kalahari cal viewing axis. An adventurous, educational path winds around the Desert. lion’s gorge. Two elevated viewing terraces and the restored historic panorama bridge ofer visitors a varied view of the behavior of lions and meerkats. The security of the visitors is guaranteed by the (deep) water features, Using the existing rocky elevation an upper and a lower pond werethe designed. high inclining A mountain clifs and stream the distance clatters todown the betweenlion’s habitat. them. Retaining walls in natural rocks cover the difference in height. The two overhanging rock walls of the 4,5m high gorge are artificial, but fit in perfectly with the existing historic rock landscape of the adjacent areas. The vegetation used here is on the one hand typical for a natural rocky The lions share their new habitat with a group of meerkats, that enterlandscape. the gorge On bythe a other sophisticated hand, it is set closely of tunnels connected all starti to theng surroun in their- own pen. The gorge opens to the park below and connects to the park’s historicalding historic viewing park axis. landscape. An adventurous, The existing, educational valuable path dendrological winds aro undpark the lion’s gorge. Two elevated viewing terraces and the restored historic panoramatrees were bridge retained offer and visitors integrated a varied in viewthe project. of the behaviour of lions and meerkats. The security of the visitors is guaranteed by the (deep) water features, the high inclining cliffs and the distance to the lion’s habitat. The vegetation used here is on the one hand typical for a natural rocky landscape. On the other hand, it is closely connected to the surrounding historic park landscape. The existing, valuable dendrological park trees were retained and integrated in the project. Hidden River and Student Residence, Leuven STUDENT RESIDENCE REGA LEUVEN ONTWERPBUREAU PAUWELS BVBA landschap- en tuinarchitectuur subject Openening up the Vunt river stedenbouw en expertises and creation of terraces

start date february 2015

eind date august 2017

surface 25,43a

client KULeuven, Techn. Dienst Willem de Croylaan 60A b5570 3001 Heverlee Iris Heylen (0495 63 48 90)

VMM Albert II-laan 20 b16 1000 Brussel Ivo Terrens (0478 79 51 04)

engineer Marcel Lavreysen, Leuven

contractor Van Hoeyveld,

cost excl VAT 718.482,32 euro During the converting of a number of buildings owned by the University of Louvain (KULeuven), part of the covering of the river Vunt collapsed. Until then, the Vunt was a hidden river flowing under the garden and the buildings. Ontwerpbureau Pauwels was called upon to examine the possible restoration of the damage and a solution for the trees standing right above the covered river. In fact, their roots were at the origin of the problem: searching for water, they caused the concrete of the covering to crack and, eventually, after years to completely collapse. Rather than restoring the collapsed covering, the landscape architects proposed a thorough transformation: “unveil” the hidden water and go for a concept with a strong water related experience. Landscape Charter of Natural Park - Attert Valley

ARPAYGE Landscape Analysis of the Attert Valley, France. ARCHITECTURE DU PAYSAGE | URBANISME |AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE Visual and historical place analysis, done with old and new post cards. Fosses-la-Ville The comparisons allowed us to establish the following observations, summarized below: - buildings, houses have been transformed, leading to a loss of the traditional features of the building, - in some places, the landscape is closed by the development of vegetation: iconic elements such as steeples, bridges, are no longer visible - the tram line has disappeared, tall trees along the roads have disappeared, - some silhouettes of villages are still visible but are transformed, the river Attert and the streams its tributaries, are almost no more or more visible in some places, the places formerly occupied by piles of wood, manure, wagons, wagons are occupied by cars, - roads have been widened and impregnated to the detriment of users, - the agricultural consolidation of the 1980s is visible by the decrease in the number of agricultural plots and the increase of their size. Landscape Charter of Natural Park - Attert Valley Landscape Charter of Natural Park - Attert Valley Redesign of the Centre of Jabbeke PAUL DEROOSE LANDSCHAPSARCHITECTEN Paul Deroose bvba

Luchtfoto Gemeente Jabbeke By studying our past, our history, our memory, we are able to understand our actual situation.

Let’s leave arguments about style and taste and concentrate

200

400

200 400 on our essential task:

250 preservation of our natural and

250 200 cultural heritage in balance with 400

FIETSENSTALLING + 6 FIETSEN

ZITBANK

6.67 our real needs: restoration and Betonstraatsteen 200 6.67 400 200 Her mozaïkkasseien aan

te 6.83 leggen A 6.76 6.76 6.76 6.78 6 .86

BUSHALTE

perron 6 verhoogd .75 6.72 6.71 6.55 6.54 A' 6.83 LOSSEN EN 6.51 LADEN 18u(?) 6.59 na 6.66 6.69 6.636.67 6.59 6.55 6.47 6.466.46 6.45 parkeren 6.616.58 6.48 6.47 6.48 6.70 6.74 6.56 6.506.49 6.74 6.76 6.79 6.56 6.52 6.90 6.78 6.77 6.73 6.686.67 6.64 6.54 6.65 6.83 6.78 6.60m 6.57 6.82 6.62 6.82 perron 6.82 6.80m 6.76 6.70 6.82 6.71 6.60 repair. DORPSSTRAATverhoogd 6.59 6.70 250 6.84 6.93 6.90 6.88 6.88 6.95 66.93.96 BUSHALTE 6.67 6.68 6 .73 6.95 6.76 6.67 6.68 6.64.66 6.97 6.976.96 7.05 6.67 7.006.99 6.64 7.02.00 6.997.00 6.80 FIETSENSTALLING 7.00m 6.97 6.66 6.66

OVERDEKTE 7.04 FIETSEN 7.03 7.08 12 7.03 7.137.13 7.13 6.63 7.05 MUUR 6.64 6.616.66 7.06 BOUWEN TE 7.00m KERKHOFMUUR) 7.12 (IDEM 6.75 7.14 6.87 7.13 7.16 6.64 6.70 7.06 7.19 6.66 6.80m 6.67 6.66 7.15 .35 6.69 7.13 7.16 7 6.64 6.65 6.74 7.17 7.16 7.19 6.66 6.73 begroeid 6.69 Muur 7.187.187.17 met klimplant 7.18 7.24 6.66 7.20 6.90 6.98 7.11 cm 7.217.21 7.07 7.04 15 7.20m 7.24 7.127.11 6.69 6.64 6.65 x 6.65 x 30 6.65 7.02 6.64 100 GEMEENTEHUIS 11 cm 7.267.25 6.93 . diam 6.62 6.77 Betonboordsteen buis 6.84 6.79 7.00 Gladde 6.73 6.99 6.82 6.64 6.73 6.63 6.69 6.70 7.02 6.91 Drainage 6.64 6.58

6.78 6.69 6.63 6.69 6.14 6.94 6.64 7.00m 6.94 diam 6.82 6.62 6.63 6.92 6.69 . 8 cm

.cabine 6.90 6.67 Elek A' , omhuld 6.98 Petanqueveld dolomiet 6.67 6.77 A in 6.62 + 8

.00 6.81 met

doek 6.69 6.79 6.91

non-woven

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6.67 6.64 6.62 Clerodendron Gezichtsveld Speeltoestellen 6.71 vanaf voorplein 20 gazon st/m2 Verhard , 7

trichotomum % grandiflorum 6.21 6.24 8.10 Symphytum 6.84 + .20 6.66 8 , 9 6.61 + .30 Onderbegroeiing: 6.25m 6.63 st 6.60 6.75m + 8 .40 + 9.40 5.92 800 8 6.61 + .50 6.68 + 8 6.40 6.09 .60 6.686.67 5.89 6.62 + 8 .70 6.67 + 8 .80 6.62 6.60m 6.82 + 8 6.57 8.90 E + 9.00 E 6.64 6.53 7.05 + 6.56 E 6.52 6.69 6.57 Rop + 9.30 6.57 6.36 6.67 6.61

6.59 6.55 approach showing the 6.66 6.67 6.82 % 6.75m + 9.20 ,2 WATERPEIL 10/06/17 (Lobelle) 6.16 1 4.13 6.12

6.50m 6.49 6.66 6.33 Rop 6.57 4.08 Rop 6.14 Rop 6.49 + 9.10 400 Rop 6.61 6.17 200

800 6.48 + 6.53 9 7.37 6.56 .40 6.47 6 6.47 6.37 .77 6.44 Tic + 9.00 6.44 6.48 Rop 7.45 7.37 6.63 Rop 7.47 6.47 6.47 6.58 6.81 6.17 + 9 Begraafplaats 6.27 6.85 oud strijders 6.25m 6.62 .30 7.56 6.44 + 8 6.50m 300 Voorstel 6.50 .90 6.91 7.60 kaaimuur 6.50m 300 6.40 C integration of a culture and Tic . + PERMEKELAAN 8 300 7.57 7.62 7.50m 6.53 6.45 7.61 6.46 Wadi .80 6.28 6.84 Vlaggenmasten Rop 6.55 150 300 6.96 7.62 6.38 6.50m 540 + 2% 8 R = 500 + 9.20 7.65 7.64 6.31 .80 7.58 7.59 7.62 7.62 7.39 Rop 6.44 6.48 6.23 500 4.19 Rop 2% 7.58 6.61 2% 6.55 450 7.36 7.62 7.48 6.52 6.49 + 9.10 7.63 2% Rop 7.56 7.59 6.26 6.28 6.49 6.502% 6.46 6.40 6.50 + Rop 8 2% .70 6.34 WP1 6.52 Rop 7.48 6.49 6.52 6.38 + + 9 6.53 8 .00 .60 6.33 6.50 POST + BUURTHUIS 7.43 6.27 6.50 Rop 6.99 7.62 2% 6.66 6.50m massief 6.91 + 7.59 6.57 Aml 8.90 Bestaandin Taxus 6.51 6.78 7.65 6.34 7.63 6.25m 7.64 6.50 6.60 Aml 6.40 6.79 6.41 + 5% 8 7.58 6.65 6.41 .50 6.50m 6.38 6.50 + 7.53 7.61 6.32 6.57 6.51 8 .80 6.70 Aml leisure-centre in a new park in Tic 7.57 .32 7 M2 6.75m 3% 6.54 6.50m 6.54 + 7.57 6.50m 8 Aml .40 6.48 oever Tic en 6.75m 7.61 M1 6.93 6.54 6.87 + (betonstraatsteen) .12 beekloop 8 6 6.68 Aml .70 verharding 7.61 6.91 6.58 6.44 6.58 Bestaande 6.71 Bestaande 7.15 breuksteen Tab 6.69 7.58 (betongrastegels) in 6.60 7.58 te breiden H5 uit 7.32 4.22 7.57 + 7.13 6.60 8.60 parking + Tab 8 7.49 Verplante linde Brandweg Bestaande 6.73 6.59 .30 Tab 6.67 6.55 550 7.42 H5 H3 6.59 6.00 6.80 7.25m 6.67 in + 8.50 7.43 Afsluiting in kastanje 6.41 6.82 Tic Tab gewapend 6.47 7.59 Tab hoogte 90 cm .63 7.17 6.73 Cirkel dia. 14 meter 7.54 H4 7 6.44 6.87 Muziek- en kunstencentrum + 8.40 7.59 7.27 6.57 Jabbeke 6.53 6.00 6.65 gazon + 8.30 Tab + 7.58 7.63 9.00 the heart of the town of

6 6.57 + 8 4.85 6.65.50 .90 7.50m 6.62 6 Tic 6.65 .00 6.92 KAPELLESTRAAT 6.87 5 + 8 4.85 5 .50 .80 Speelplein .00 MaE 7.21 6.68 6.80 Beplanting 6.73 6.67 6.36 + 8 7.63 Tic 6.50m .70 7.37 6.45 6.91 MaE op 6.60 7.45 6.98 + 8.60 7.13 oever 7.07 7.02 te 6.65 6.62 MaE verwijderen + 8 6.84 6.68 .50 4.23 7.07 Beplanting 7.44 7.32 H3 6.84 Tic 6.61 7.00m 6.95 .31 6.75 7 6.88 6.68 6.36 Acc 7.49 op Tic oever 7.50 7.27 6.75m 6.66 6.55 6.43 6.55 Tic .50 7.18 6 6.71 6.96 te 6.64 7.07 verwijderen Tic 7.31 Acc Acc 6.78 7.50m7.49 6.50m 6.95 6.56 7.67 6.56 Tic 6.50m 7.51 7.41 Jabbeke, linked to the renewal 6.66 6.62 7.40 7.01 7.38 6.50m 6.75m

Acc 5.50 7.02 7.71 Acc .00 6.49 Tic 6 6.74 7.55 7.48 6.69 6.93 7.30 7.12 Crcg 6.77 6.50m 6.49 Tic 7.38 7.72 7.55 Pry 6.90 7.67

6.89 7.00m 7.75 6.40 7.81 7.12 H3 Tic Pol 7.25m 5.50 Nya 6.77 6.75m 6.30 Pol 6.52 6.42 7.77

5.70 Pol 6.47 7.75m 6.94 6.36 6.76 7.33 7.43 6.50 Crcg 7.00 7.71 7.11 Oever = 5.20 Pol 7.25m 6.67 6.52 5.00 6.63 7.43 6.716.71 Pol 6.60 4 6.58 7.18 7.81 P 7.28 4.85 6.95 Pry 5.70 Vistrap 6.61 4.22 Crcg of the historic centre in which a 5.92 7.60 Speelruimte in zand 5 .00 6.78 6.79 5.66 6.905.70 5 6.45 korten .50 4.94 in te 4.85 6.73 6.91 6.84 6.93 4.34 Speelruimte H3 6.80 Niveau bodem: ca 4.00 4.35 6 6.44 7.25m .00 7.21 7.50m Tic 7.31 6.86 4.29 4.31 Pry 7.62 7.00 7.61 7.30 7.34 Crcg 7.47 6.61 7.25m 7.25m 6% BP = 4.25 Overloop:5.00 6.50m 7.26 6 6.84 .50 6.92 Pry 6.90 6.53 6.50m 7.23 Pry 6.63 7.27 7.10 8.71 H2 6.75 7 Pry 7.33 7.35 .00 6.93 6.75 6.75m 6.76 Pol 6.99 Pol 7.30 H2 6.75m Haag gedeeltelijk 7.29 7.30 5.70 6.79 Oever = 5.20 verwijderen Pol 6.84 7.18 6.53 7.00m 7.26 5.00 6.64 Alc 6.67 7.25m Vistrap 460 6.75 Nya 7.29 Pol 7.00 7.28 6.81 6.62 6.84 5.20 7.26 6Pry.75m Pol 6.54 Bestaande els behouden op gras te 6.94 te behouden 6.80 Parking 7.15 6.69 6.75m small brook is given the Pry 6.50m 6.50m 6.98 Multisport terrein Pry te behouden 6.83 5.50 Alc6.52 6.79 Asfalt H2 6.51 Pry 6.46 WP2 5.74 BASISSCHOOL DE KLIMTOREN 6.68 6.64 6.50m 6.67 6.61 6.50m 7.046.986.87 6.90 6.85 Pry 7.00 7.077.09 6.68 6.89 6.52 6.60 4.45 Pry 5.75 6.96 Zes

22 6.60 P 6.47 Tie Zes

Zes Zes 6.44 6.75m 6.00 Zes

6.79 6.63 Zes watercourse it deserves, new

6.52

6.85 Zes

4.50

Quc Quc 6.50 6.75m Fas Bestaande rode beuk 6.37 Fas te behouden

6.56 6.46 Quc 6.50m 6.35 Quc 4.52 6.84

6.74 H1 Cab Quc 6.25m housing in the centre of the Draaipunt -signaal verboden parkeren- M3 Fas 6.75 Cab 6.38

Tic Tic Cab Cab Houten paaltjes uitneembaar Tic H1 Tic 6.34 6.31 Glascontainers Cab

6.88 6.71 23 PARKEERPLAATSEN Tic 6.35 6.49 Tic M4 6.99 6.75m 6.78 6.37

7.09 H1 6.82 6.42 breken uit te town and the conservation and

M5 6.93 boordsteen 7.20 M6 Bestaande 6.50m

Tic

6.67

6.75m 6.81

6.92 7.03 6.92 integration of an old grave-yard. KAPELLESTRAAT By creating better quality in our

ZONE NATTE daily environment we can avoid transport and live in a more restful life.

“The future will be spiritual or won’t be” (free after André Malraux). CENTRUM JABBEKE

Landschapsplan 2 september 2019 • schaal 1:2500 PAUL DEROOSE LANDSCHAPSARCHITECTEN Paul Deroose bvba Stationsstraat 166 B-8490 Jabbeke Tel: 050/81.23.97 www.paulderoose.be Redesign of the Centre of Jabbeke PAUL DEROOSE LANDSCHAPSARCHITECTEN Paul Deroose bvba Redesign of the Centre of Jabbeke

PAUL DEROOSE LANDSCHAPSARCHITECTEN Paul Deroose bvba Belgian Association of Landscape Architects

“Landscape as a collective memory – from Belgium”

Prepared by Didier Vancutsem IFLA Europe Delegate Belgium