VOL. 4 1922 V NO. 2 ' 0 * 0 / lE C E O S %cHfy Forestry Iwiniin

RANGER SCHOOL NUMBER

In This Issue:

Opportunities in Forestry

A Tiger Hunt in Burma

A Bear Story

The Beaver

Handy Hints

Giant Tamaracks on the Cabinet Forest

The Forest Engineer

Solving Fire Detection Problems

Forestry Notes

SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, STATE UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA AT MISSOULA published by The Forestry Club. Price 20 Cents. The University of Montana

M e l v i n A. B r a n n o n , Chancellor of the University The University of Montana is constituted under the provisions of Chapter 92 of the Laws of the Thirteenth Legislative Assembly, approved March 14, 1913 (effective July 1, 1913). The general control and supervision of the University are vested in the State Board of Education. The Chancellor of the University is the chief executive officer. For each of the component institutions there is a. local executive board. Montana State Board of Education J. M. D i x o n , Governor...... Ex-Officio, President W. D. R a n k i n , Attorney General...... Ex-Officio M ay Trumper, Supt. of Public Instruction Ex-Officio, Secretary C. II. F o o t ...... (1923) J. W. F r e e m a n ...... (1924) R. C. L i n e ...... (1923) John Dietrich ...... (192-5) W hitfield Spain (1924) Frank E liel ...... (1925) The University comp rises the following institutions, schools and departments: The State University, Missoula Established February 17, 1893, and consisting of The College of Arts and Sciences The School of Law The School of Forestry The School of Pharmacy The School of Journalism The School of Business Administration The School of Music The Summer Quarter The Biological Station (Flathead Lake) The Public Service Division The Graduate Division C h a r l e s II. C l a p p , President The State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Bozeman Established February 1f>. 1893, and Consisting of The College of Agriculture The College of Engineering The College of Applied Science The College of Household and Industrial Arts The School of Music The Summer Quarter The Secondary School of Agriculture The Agricultural Experiment Station The Agricultural Extension Service A lfred Atkinson, President The State School of Mines, Butte Established February 17, 1893 Courses in Mining Engineering ' Courses in Metallurgical Engineering Bureau of Mines and Metallurgy G e o r g e W. C r a v e n , President 1 he State Normal College, Dillon Established February 23, 1893, and consisting of The Teachers’ Certificate Course The Two-years’ Course The Three-years’ Course The Rural Teachers’ Course he Course for Supervisors The Teachers’ Service Division S h e l d o n E. D a v is , President For publications and detailed information concerning the different schools and colleges address the president of the particular institution concerned. Communications intended for the Chancellor of the University should be addressed to the State Capitol, Helena, Montana. ’<>D has lent us the earth for our life. It is a great entail. It e belongs as much to those who are to come after us as to us, and we have no right, by anything we do or neglect, to involve them in any unnecessary penalties or to deprive them of the benefit which was in our power to bequeath.—Ruskin.

I pledge allegiance to mg Flag and the Republic for which it stands, one nation, indivisible, with libertg and justice for all. THE FORESTRY KAIMIN

A JOURNAL OF WESTERN FORESTRY PRACTICE PUBLISHED AS A UNIVERSITY BULLETIN BY THE FORESTRY CLUB IN THE SCHOOL OF FORESTRY OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY AT MISSOULA, MONTANA

NO. 2 1922 VOL. 4

Student Editor ...... George Dally

Faculty Editor ...... Dorr Skeels

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Page

Editorial Comment 2 A Survey of Student Employment...... 14

The School of Forestry ...... 4 Around the Campfire ...... 16 Our “ Profs” ...... -...... 18 Ranger School 6 Opportunities in Forestry ...... 20 Forestry Club 8 Handy Hints ...... 24 Solving Detection Problems in Winter, Part II 10 A Bear Story ...... 26 The Beaver ...... 11 Banger Yarns ...... — ...... 28 A Tiger Hunt in Burma...... 12 Does a Mountain Lion Scream...... 30 The Forest Engineer ...... 13 Forestry Notes ...... 32 2 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY

WHAT IRVIN COBB THINKS OF FOREST RANGERS BIG TOBACCO COMPANY URGES CARE WITH FIRE

The following is an excerpt from an article appearing “ Be sure to extinguish match, cigar or cigarette before in the May “ Cosmopolitan” by Irvin Cobb entitled, “ The throwing away.” This warning now appears on the cig­ Bear That Hunted Me.” The story is based011 Cobb’s arette packages of one of the largest American tobacco Deschutes trip made in 1920. companies and is the first example of its kind in the “ Or deeper still in the woods you may meet the ranger United States. himself, a gallant figure in his greenish drab uniform. Secretary of Agriculture Wallace, in whose department Usually he is young; always he is competent; nearly al­the Forest Service administers its 156 million acres of ways he is deeply in love with the work he is doing.” National Forests, wrote the tobacco company expressing his gratification over their action. A “COME-ALONG BOSS” GRAZING LOSSES A member of the short-term force in the Yola Bola Dis­ trict, being questioned as to the kind of a boss he had, re­ The following contribution from the Tonto is a gratify­ plied, “ Oh, he’s all right. He’s one of these ‘come-along ing case of thinking along progressive lines: bosses. When there’s a job to be done he doesn’t say, ‘Go “ Ranger Sherman says ‘Mortality of stock011 the Na­ along, boys, and do it.’ He says instead, ‘Come along, tional Forest range can invariably be properly charged boys, and we’ll do it .”—Trinity National Forest. against three capital factors: 1st—Natural Causes; Under this comes death from ARMY OF 22,000,000 TO COMBAT FOREST FIRES lightning, drouth and poisonous plants. 2nd— Management: Under this comes disease of all (Forester William B. Creeley.) classes, death from old age, starvation on account of over­ “ Can we not,” asks Colonel Greeley in a letter to State stocking, death from screw worms, death from poisonous superintendents of schools, “ enlist the school children of waters and death from handling. the country—there are twenty-two million of them in 3rd— Equipment; Under this comes losses on account an effective army to fight a national foe that ravages theof bogholes, poorly constructed fences or a lack of fences land before our eyes? to keep stock away from poison water or bogs, lack of “ We give too little heed to small fires. They do a vast necessary equipment or the maintenance of the wrong amount of harm. Our boys and girls should be taught class of equipment.’ this. They must be made to realize that good citizens are “ There seems to be some merit in Mr. Sherman’s con­ careful not to cause fires. tention and if so, the Forest Service should assume a dif­ “ The woods are royal playgrounds, for young and old. ferent attitude toward mortality to the extent of not ac­ And they are never more so than in the fall. After school, cepting haphazard statements of losses when taking graz- and on holidays, our young people will have glorious ing applications, since a Ranger can easily determine the times nutting, tramping, some of them hunting in the approximate extent of causes of losses on the range and woods, and frolicking in the fallen leaves. thereby get a fair idea of the percentage of loss. I be­ “ The leaves are dry. Sun and wind and frost combine lieve if this subject is given a little more serious thought to cover the ground with potential tinder. It does not we will be able to demonstrate to the cowmen on the Na­ take long after a rain for the forest floor to become in­ tional Forests that their cattle losses are nearer three per flammable again. Then a little carelessness or thought­cent than ten per cent, as is claimed on some of the dis­ lessness. and a fire is started. tricts where conditions are normal. I believe also it is “I wish I might tell every boy and girl in the United worth while to instigate a campaign of education among States of the fires that I have seen, and the terrible re­ the stockmen regarding loss, causes and effects, by dem­ sults of forest fires when they become big. and the harm onstrating that losses are due largely to poor manage­ that even small fires do. I wish I might ask each one of ment or equipment and it might be that some of the stock­ them to promise me his or her help in keeping the forests men will open their eyes and endeavor to prevent some green.” of these losses on the ranges.”— Southwestern District.

* FORESTRY K A I M I N 3

SERVICE AND FELLOWSHIP The stability of forest industries and of satisfactory conditions for forest workers. I was talking today w'ith an elderly man who has been in the Government service in another department for four­ teen years, lie stated, “ I wish I were thirty again. I RANGER DILL SAYS: would not give up until I got into the Forest Service. It has the most interesting work, the best organization and Daddy, have you come home to live? said one of the the best feeling between man and man of any Govern­ children after my last field trip. ment Department.” That Iloudini chap who can keep afloat with his hands and feet tied must of trained on a National Forest. HOSPITALITY A little money for fire publicity might save buyin’ a lot “When the prizes for optimism are distributed, the of long-handled shovels. large, solid silver loving-cup will be presented to officials I can’t find any of these marks in the Brand Book, said of the U. S. Forest Service. No one else displays such our new Grazin’ Asst., holdin’ up my Chinese laundry an abiding faith in human nature. Each spring they wel­ticket. come to the National Forests whomsoever feels the urge to Sometime when you think you’re overworked, trade jobs camp in open country. More than that. They even issue with your wife fer a day. literature urging people to take advantage of the finest Whenever you see a Forest officer shy at a dish-cloth natural playgrounds in the world. Their pamphlets set it ’s a sure sign the honeymoon’s over, says my wife. forth the charms of the hills and streams made accessible Callin’ a man “ Mister” ain’t always an indication that by Forest Service trails and roads, built with much toil you respect him. and expense. To insure the comfort of travelers who an­ Our Deputy Super, is so fond of arguin’ that he can’t swer the call, minimize the fire risk and make the forests even eat anything that agrees with him. “ fool-proof,” they clear and equip convenient camp sites. One of the hardest things in the world is t’ know y ’ur And after all this work is done, after everything is made business an’ keep from showin ’ it. easy for the camper and he appears in the forests in You sure do put up a good 50-rent meal, said the Dep­ abundance, the hard-working hosts spend a pleasant sum­uty Super, as he passed his plate for the third helpin’. mer fighting several hundred odd fires set by their guests. My idea of a true friend is a feller that don’t smoke Yet they welcome the camper just as heartily next season, but always has a match to lend ’ya. and continue to spend time and money in making the for­ Next to a cavalry harness on a pack mule, I don’t know ests comfortable and safe for him, on the theory that he nothin’ that beats the fit of my new uniform. won’t do it again. That shows a real faith in human na­ A genius ain’t a bad feller to have ’round if you’ve got ture.” (Frederick "Wagner in the Los Angeles Express.) a plodder to do the work. I sure admire the nerve of them 1300 odd students that’s A GOOD EXAMPLE OF “STIC K-TO -IT-IVENESS” takin’ up forestry for a profeshun. A stick in time saves nine, says my wife lookin’ at the “Traced parties having passed up and down the road empty wood box. at the time this fire was supposed to have been left. Found Next to a balky horse, I don’t know anything more ag- a man who said his wife ought to know the license num­ gravatin’ than a feller who wants to “ play safe” on every­ ber of the car. Got the number from this man’s wife, thing. cheeked this number with the State Motor Vehicle Depart­ If you’re goin’ to plant a tree fer that boy of vourn, ment’s registration; found the car was registered to a man I ’d recommend a willow, said Ranger Ed Skinner. in Oroville. Went to Oroville. found out that this man I ’ve got a hunch that Rangers’ backyards figger in a bad traded this car in a Chico garage. Came back to good many efficiency ratin’s. Chico. Went through this garage’s records, got the name Makin’ two hearts beat as one ain’t nigh as important and address of the man they sold it to. Went to this ad­ these days as makin’ a salary check pay fer two. dress and he had moved, they did not know where. Traced Before gettin’ too chesty about your promotion, you’d parties through the doctor they had had in sickness. better remember all those chicken dinners I cooked for Pound my man and he plead guilty.’ ” the Super., says my wife. —From a 618-b report, Lassen, N. F. ’Tain’t a bad idea to include yourself in the annual

A NATIONAL POLICY OF FORESTRY SEEKS property inventory. The feller that’s always busy at trifles don’t usually The protection and beneficial utilization of our pres­ get time for the big jobs. ent forest resources— Speakin’ of fires. I know one place where they let ’em The renewal after cutting of forests on lands not burn, but it has its disadvantages. needed for agriculture and settlement— They can stop you Rangers smokin’ but they can’t make The restoration of forest growth on lands now unpro­ me quit “ rollin’ my own’’ in hot weather, remarked Jewel ductive and idle— Dawn, our steno. 4 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY T H E SCHOOL

SCHEDULE OF COURSES IN FORESTRY

F IR S T YEAR General Botany ...... 5 General Botany ...... 5 General Botany______5 M a th e m a tic s...... 2 M athematics or Mathematics or G eneral Forestry ...... 2 E nglish ...... 5 English ______5 Surveying and G eneral Forestry ...... 3 Fire Protection ...... 3 M ap p in g...... 3 Surveying and Surveying and M ilitary D rill ...... 1 M apping ...... 3 Mapping --- 3 cruiser: P hysical Education ..... 1 M ilitary D rill______1 Military Drill______1 College Education ...... * P hysical Education ...... 1 Physical Education ...... 1

17 18 IS OMPflS! 1 w M j SECOND YEAR P lant Histology...... 5 Plant Physiology ...... 5 English ...... 3 P lant Ecology ...... 5 F orest Zoology ...... 5 Forest Geology ...... 5 Forest M easurem ents .... 3 F o rest M easu rem en ts.... 3 Scaling and Cruising....3 Topograhpic Surveying Logging, or an Elective 4 Topographic Surveying and Mapping, or an Military D rill______1 and Mapping, or an Elective ...... 4 Physical Education ..... 1 E lectiv e...... 4 M ilitary D rill...... 1 M ilitary Drill ...... 1 P hysical Education ...... 1 19 Physical Education ..... 1

19 17 T H IR D YEAR Silviculture ...... 4 Silviculture ...... 4 Silviculture ...... 4 Dendrology ...... ;...... 4 D en d ro lo g y ...... 4 Forest Pathology '.. 5 Wood Technology ...... 4 Wood Technology ...... 4 Forest Products ______5 E lectives ...... 4-6 E lectives ...... 4-6 Electives ...... 4-0 16-18 16-18 17-19 FOURTH YEAR ;Tno Management ...... 4 Management ...... 4 Management - 4 F orest Policy 4 Forest Laws 4 Administration ...... 4 Wk/ svX wy mS, \ m \n Logging Engineering or Logging Engineering or Lumbering or Grazing Grazing Management.. .4 Grazing Management.. 4 Management ______4 E lectives ...... 4-6 Electives ...... 4-6 Electives ...... -4-0

16-18 16-18 16-18

SCHEDULE OF COURSES IN FOREST ENGINEERING

F IR S T YEAR General Botany ...... 5 General Botany ...... 5 G eneral Botany ...... 5 M a th e m a tic s...... 5 M athematics or English 5 M athematics or English 5 G eneral Forestry ...... 2 General Forestry ...... 3 F ire Protection ...... 3 Surveying and Mapping 3 Surveying and Mapping 3 Surveying and Mapping 3 Military D rill...... 1 Military Drill ...... 1 Military Drill ...... 1 P hysical Education ...... 1 Physical Education ...... 1 Physical Education 1 College Education ...... * 18 IS 17 SECOND YEAR M athematics ...... 5 Improvement Construc­ Forest Geology a F orest M easu rem en ts.... 3 tion ...... 4 Scaling and Cruising .... 3 Topographic Surveying F orest M easurem ents .. 3 Topographic Surveying and Mapping ...... _. 4 Logging ...... 4 and Mapping ...... 4 Elective ...... 4 Elective ....______4 Elective ...... 4 M ilitary Drill ...... 1 M ilitary Drill ...... 1 M ilitary Drill ...... 1 Physical Education ...... 1 Physical Education ___ 1 Physical Education ..... 1 18 17 18 Wood Technology ...... 4 T H IR D YEAR F orest Improvements .. 4 Wood Technology ...... 4 Forest Products _____ 4 ■ Silviculture ...... 4 /?XX '-SAor/horf/ "C/a S trength of M aterial .... 4 Lum bering ..... 4 ’ r ^ t r r / r / Elective ...... 4-6 Silviculture ...... 4 Silviculture ...... 4 Elective ...... 4-6 Elective ...... 4-6 16-18 16-18 16-18 FOURTH YEAR Highways and Bridges.. 3 Highways and Bridges.. 3 Highways and Bridges.. 3 F orest M anagem ent .... 4 Forest M anagem ent ...... 4 Forest Management 4 Logging E ngineering .... 4 Logging Engineering .... 4 Logging Railroads ...... 4 Electives ...... 4-6 Electives ...... 4-6 E lectives ...... 4-6 15-17 15-17 15-17 Electives in Forestry W oodcraft ...... Forestry Appraisals 4 Economics of Forestry.. 3 Slide R ule ...... Silvics ...... 4 Forest Mapping_____ G razing M anagem ent .... 4 W oodcraft ...... 2 G razing Management .... 4 G razing Management FORESTRY KAIMIN OF FORESTRY

The work of the Montana School of Forestry is along two Field Courses distinct lines—undergraduate courses of four years which pro­ vide liberally for specialization In all the various branches of To a great extent (he work of the School of Forestry is carried on in the field and forest. Classes in Silviculture Forestry and Forest Engineering, and a short course of 12 weeks for Forest Rangers. and Forest Management utilize the various forest types of the neighboring national forests. Classes in log scaling work on The undergraduate courses are arranged to train men the decks and rollways at the local sawmills. Classes in for the various branches of scientific and administrative work in timber cruising are held almost entirely within the forest. the government forest service and for work with lumber com­ Classes in grazing uses of the forest and in range manage­ panies and timber-owning corporations involving the ad m in istra­ ment study the local forest ranges and make frequent visits tion, protection, and utilization of forests. The work is ar­ to the herds and flocks of nearby ranches. Instruction in ranged to allow for specialization in Forest Administration, forage plants is given in co-operation with specialists from Silviculture, Forest Management. Grazing Management, Lum­ the agricultural college. Use is made of nearby logging and bering and Forest Engineering. lumber manufacturing operations by classes in lumbering Graduate training, leading to the degree of Master of Science, and logging engineering. is offered in Silviculture Forest Management and Forest Engi­ neering. Classes in forest policy and forest administration are The short course for Forest Rangers is organized for given special opportunity for observation and investigation the special purpose of training men already in woods to do work hi the offices of the District Forester of District No. 1 better service in forestry and particularly to improve the of the Forest Service and in the offices of the three forest super­ training of forestry officers. Distinctly, it is not a course for visors which are located in Missoula. Experts and specialists in inexperienced men. various lines of forestry are called upon freely for co-oper­ ation in the training which is given. A forestry club with a student and faculty member­ ship of more than 100 meets fortnightly for the discussion For a part of the spring quarter of each year, the school of forestry problems, the consideration of technical and pro­ is moved to the shores of Flathead Lake in the Flathead Na­ fessional papers and the promotion of a social spirit. tional Forest where valuable use is made of forest and range types not found nearer the school. Various lumbering and Advisory' Board wood using operations of that region are studied at this The advisory committee of the Montana school, pro­ time. posed by the Pacific Coast Logging Congress and appointed Special Lecturers by the State Board of Education, consists of the following members: Kenneth Ross, General Manager Lumber Depart­ The regular faculty of the School of Forestry is assisted by ment, Anaconda Copper M ining Co., Bonner, M o n t.: W. R. a staff of 30 special lecturers who are experts and specialists in Ballard, General Manager Somers Lumber Co.. Somers, Mont.; various lines of forestry and forest uses. An unusual op­ Fred Morrell, D istrict F o rester D istrict 1, U. S. F. S., portunity for this is afforded by the location of the Forest Missoula, Mont.; E. G. Polleys, Polloys Lum ber Co., Missoula, Services offices and headquarters in Missoula, and by the lum­ Mont. bering and stock raising industries of western Montana. An Advantageous Location especially. valuable co-operation is offered by the officers of the Government Forest Service and men prominent in the The Montana School of Forestry possesses marked advan­ stock raising and lumbering industries. The Agricultural Col­ tages in the matter of location. Two transcontinental rail­ lege at Bozeman is organized as a part of the University of roads, three branch railroads and two interurban electric Montana and in the winter quarter of each year experts from lines place the school w ithin th e easy reach of extensive that school and from the Government Agricultural Experiment lumbering and lumber manufacturing operations. Station are detailed to the School of Forestry as special lec­ The headquarters of District 1 of the United States turers in the courses in grazing and range management. Forest Service and the offices of two forest supervisors are located in Missoula. The boundaries of the Lolo National Requirements for Admission Forest, the Bitter Root National Forest and the Missoula The completion of a four years’ preparatory or high school National Forest are adjacent to the school and include more course is the standard for regular entrance to the School of than 3.000,000 acres of governm ent tim ber lands, under fo r­ Forestry in the University, as in the other regular courses estry management. Within 50 miles of the school are the of the University. boundaries of nine national forests and two other government Students in high school and preparatory schools who plan timber reserves. Within 100 miles are the boundaries of to enter the School of Forestry should preferably include various seventeen national forests, three other government timber re­ elementary natural sciences, English and mathematics, in serves and a national park. their training. Students intending to specialize in Forest Engi­ Summer Work neering should also, when possible, include Manual Arts and One of the most important features of the School of Drawing in their preparation. Forestry is the opportunity which the students have for Special Students summer work. Each student is expected to spend not less than three months of each year gaining practical experience Students over 21 years of nge, who are not high school in some form of woods work. The officials of the U. S. Forest graduates and who are not candidates for degrees, may in Service and the lumber companies assist in placing the men exceptional cases, he admitted without the usual entrance for their first summer’s work; their promotions through the credits, as special students, if they are prepared to pursue succeeding vacations and positions after graduation are, there­ successfully the special courses desired, subject to the general fore, entirely dependent on their own effort and ability. rules of the University. It will he seen that this co-operative arrangement is Detailed descriptions of all courses offered will be found Most satisfactory; the student graduates as an experienced in the University Catalogue which may be had upon appli­ man, and while gaining his experience he has also earned cation to the Registrar of the University or to the Dean, money to pay for his college course. School of Forestry. 6 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY T H E RANGER

RANGER SCHOOL SCHEDULE W inter Quarter 1923 RANGER SCHOOL R. S. 21 G r a z i n g ...... 2 R. S. 1 S u r v e y i n g ...... - - 1% R. S. 22 Forest Management - - - - . 2 R. S. 1 M apping ...... - 1% It. S. 23 S ilv ic u ltu r e ...... - - 2 o R. s. Topography, Surveying and Mapping - - 3 BOTANY R. s. 3 Forest Im provem ents ...... - - 2 Ranger Botany ------3 R. s. 4 Forest A dm inistration ...... - - 2 R.s. 5Fire Protection ...... - - 2 ENGLISH R. s. C General F o restry ...... - - 1 Ranger E nglish ...... - - - - 3 R s 12 Scaling and C ruising ...... - - 1 MATHEMATICS R. s. 13 Logging and Lumbering .... - - 2 R.s. 17G razing - - - ...... - - 2 15a Forestry Computation - - - - - 3 R. s. 20 Grazing ------1 15b Trignometry for Forest Rangers

R anger School. Cost of Attendance. In stru ctio n s fo r M aking Forest Surveys The fourteenth annual Ranger School The necessary cost of attendance in the and Maps. of the University of Montana will open Ranger School may be reduced to approxi­ Instructions for the Scaling and Meas­ on Ja n u a ry 3, 1923, to give 12 weeks of mately $125, apportioned as follows: urement of National Forest Timber. short-course training for forest rangers, Fees (approximate) ...... $ 10.00 Forest Service Scale Books for Log and special courses in Grazing and Lum­ D rafting instruments and books ... 25.00 Scaling. bering. Founded in 1910 at the request Board, 11 weeks ...... 75.00 Brown’s : Forest Products, Their Manu­ of the Forest Service, its service to for­ Room, 3 months ...... 12.50 facture and Use. est officers and lumbermen has kept M iscellaneous dues, etc ...... 3.00 The Forest Service Manual. pace with the progress in American The Use Book. forestry. T otal ...... i...... $125.50 If Forest Officers have drawing instru­ ments in good condition, they should bring It is the purpose of this school to M eals are furnished on the campus for them w ith them. O fficers should also, enable Forest Rangers and other Forest $25.00 per month. Beds in Simpkins Hall when possible, bring with them a compass Officers to keep abreast of their pro­ dormitory are $12.50 per term of three and hand level, ranger note hook, drawing fession. Forest Administration is rap­ months. idly passing into the hands of a highly pencils, and drawing ink. There is a limited number of spaces for technical organization, consequently the Students from grazing Forests who de­ short course students in Simpkins Hall. need of special training is becoming sire to present local grazing problems for These will be held by the Registrar upon daily more apparent to the wideawake consideration or study should bring with receipt of definite application for same as Forest Officer in order that he may them specimens of their range plants, pref­ long as they are available. Applicants for maintain his position with satisfaction erably the complete plant with roots, in admission to the dormitory are required to to himself and his superior officers. flower and seed stages; also such data as bring with them sheets, pillow cases, and Men desiring to enter the Forest Service they may have available for the compila­ personal linen; other bedding is fur­ tion of grazing working plans. find the Ranger School an excellent nished. foundation upon which to undertake the Students should come equipped with necessary examination. An expense of about $25.00 for drafting clothing for winter field trips. instruments, books, etc., may be greatly Forest Officers who do not desire aplace Requirements for Admission. reduced or entirely eliminated by forest of­ in the dormitory on the campus may often The following will be admitted as ficers who are able to bring with them find it desirable to bring with them blan­ students in the Ranger School: Forest Service Library books and equip­ kets and camping equipment for light Forest Rangers, guards, and other ment. Although students are not expected housekeeping in case some may desire to employees of th e U. S. F orest Service, to purchase all of the books named below. “batch” in quarters about town. Forest Officers who attend the school will States, or private Timber Protective Organization of the Ranger School find the following very useful. Associations. The %vork of the Ranger School has been Cary’s: Manual for Northern Woods­ Employees of corresponding rank with carried on in close co-operation with and men. logging and lumbering companies. at times under the supervision of the For­ Any person of good character at least Breed and Hosmer: Surveying, Vol. 1. est Service. A considerable part of the 21 years of age and having experience Barnes: Western Grazing Grounds and training is given by special lectures from in forestry or woods work and who can Forest Ranges. the Forest Service, the Federal Bureau of furnish evidence of his ability to pursue U. S. Publications : Diseases of Cattle: Public Roads, the faculty of the State the subjects as outlined. Diseases of Horses. Agricultural College, State’s officials, lum­ Students who have completed a high Graves: Forest Mensuration. bermen, veterinary surgeons, and repre­ sentatives of livestock associations; all of school course or equivalent preparatory National Forest Manual : (loose leaf, whom are experts in specialized lines of training and who are otherwise qualified Regulations and Instructions.) to benefit by short course training. training. The members of the faculty of Hitchcock’s: Text Book of Grasses. the School of Forestry have had long ex­ Further information relative to the en­ Coulter and Nelson’s: Botany. perience in the Forest Service either as trance qualifications of individuals will Bryant's: Logging. Forest Engineers, Forest Supervisors, or be given upon application to the Dean, Kellogg’s Lumber and Its Uses. Logging Engineers. The entire teaching School of Forestry. University of Montana, Graves: Principles of Handling Wood­ force has combined technical training with Missoula. lands. a great deal of practical experience. FORESTRY KAIMIN 7 SCHOOL Opportunities for Specialization. cident with the winter quarter of regu­ Three distinct lines of specialization lar University work. The regular col­ are offered in the Ranger School: legiate courses of the School of Forestry Forest Rangers’ Short Course are open to Ranger School students who Special Grazing Course are qualified to carry the work success­ Special Training in Lum bering, Logging, fully. If the student elects to do so, ar­ Scaling and Cruising. rangements may be made also for him to carry work at this time in other voca­ Electives. tional and professional schools and col­ All courses offered in the Ranger School leges of the University. are elective, and a student may choose Ranger School Faculty freely the course of training for which he lias most need, provided previous exper­ IT. II. Swain, Ph.D., Acting Chancel­ ience, training, or education make it pos­ lor. University of Montana. sible for him to carry the work with ben­ Charles IT. Clapp, Ph.D. (Mass, Inst. efit to himself. The student will be care­ Technology), President of the Univer­ fully guided in bis selection of electives sity. that he may choose those subjects that Dorr Skcels, B.S. (Michigan Agricul­ will be of the greatest benefit to him a fte r tural College), Dean of School of For­ leaving school. T he follow ing schedule estry. shows the courses offered in th e R an g er Thomas C. Spaulding, M.S. (Univer­ School. sity of Michigan), Professor of Forestry. A credit unit of work represents one R. B. Prichard, M.S. (Yale Univer­ hour of lecture work and recitation or sity), Assistant Professor of Forestry. F. G. Clark, B.S. (University of Mich­ two to four hours of laboratory and field work per week for twelve weeks. O rdi­ igan), Assistant Professor of Forestry. Jerome H. Ramskill (Cornell, Yale narily ranger school students ' can carry University), Assistant Professor of For­ from eighteen to twenty-two credit units of work, although it must be understood estry, Harold IT. Lansing, B.S. (University that this means the giving of the student’s of Montana), Instructor in Forestry. entire time for twelve weeks to his short Louis Dennie (University of Mon­ course training. Classes are held six days tana). Assistant Instructor in Forestry. of each week, some special lectures are given in the evening, and field trip s m ay The list of lecturers and the subject sometimes be taken on Sundays. of each follows: Fred Morell, forest administration; Opportunities For University Training. James IT. Bonner, not yet announced; Besides the courses specially offered for Elers Koch, fire protection; L. C. the Ranger School, work in all other de­ Stockdale, general forest administration; partments of the University is open to the Fred Tliieme, forest surveys; R. P. Ranger School student, provided be is pre­ McLaughlin, state forestry; James W. pared to benefit by the education and Girard, scaling and cruising; J. W. training which is offered. Courses in En­ Butler, veterinary science; Roscoe glish and Mathematics offered to Ranger Haines, appraisals; A. I). Knowles, dis­ School students are given by the regular eases of livestock; Glen Smith, graz­ teachers in the departments of English ing: P. J. O’Brien, law enforcement; and Mathematics of the University. Train­ E. O. Polleys, logging and lumbering; ing in Botany, Biology, Zoology, Entomol­ LI. R. Flint, fire protection; R. B. ogy, Geology, and other n atu ral sciences, Adafs, forestry improvements; L. C. is given by the teachers in the various Hurtt. grazing administration; Herbert natural science departments of the Uni­ E. Smith, publicity; C. N. Arnett, range versity. livestock. The period of twelve weeks during The course covers a period of 12 which the Ranger School is held is coin­ weeks. By G EORGE DALLY, ’22. The Foresters Ball. Periodically during the three school The Forestry Clul). consisting of the quarters the club has informal dances ex­ faculty and most of the students of For­ clusively for the club members. Then estry, is one of the largest and most en­ once each year, on the eve before Charter ergetic organizations on the campus. Day, comes the big Foresters ball which Each year finds it growing: eacli year is enjoyed by the entire University. In finds it attaining greater accomplish­ popularity, in elaborate decorations, in ments and because of its successes, each unique features and in unstinted joy this year finds it accepting greater responsi­ Ball is unsurpassed by any other Univer­ bilities. sity activity. Being made up entirely of Foresters, The Indoor Meet. we find the Forestry Club striving al­ During the winter quarter the Rangers ways to advance the ideals of Forestry, and the Short Course men come in from striving always to advance the men who th e field and a re welcomed by the Club. are going into Forestry. Democratic and Then along in March, before they return informal, the Forestry Club provides for to their stations the Club features an in­ all the students and faculty a chance to door T riangle-T rack meet. H ere the Reg­ get together, to discuss the many sub­ u lars, th e R angers and th e Speeials-Vo- jects of interest, to meet and learn to cationals compete for honors in log saw­ know the big men of the Service who ing. packing, roping, three legged racing, have pioneered in the Profession which tug-of-w ar, a cracker eating contest anil we are to follow. Furthermore, the For­ many other events. estry Club provides an active part for The Forestry' Club Banquet. every member, wherein he can tackle some problem and carry it through, thus In the Spring Q uarter the men begin strengthening his own self-confidence and leaving for field work, but before they go making him better able to tackle the big­ the Club celebrates a get-together in the ger problems he meets when in the bigger form of a banquet. And such a banquet! game—Forestry. He who has not attended one of these Meeting in the “Old Shack” twice every banquets has indeed missed a rare treat. month, the Club discusses plans for its It’s a big event, that banquet: a wonder­ various business transactions and then en­ ful treat to tuck away the different joys a lecture upon Forestry or some al­ courses, to hear the speeches, to take part lied subject which is always given by a in the songs, to hear the Dean (who acts forestry expert. Following directly upon as Toastmaster) tell his jokes with elab­ this comes the entertainment consisting orated stuttering and then when the eve­ of music, singing, boxing, wrestling, vau­ ning is over to stand with your Pals and deville skits, the male quartette or the Classmates and sing College Chums. stringed orchestra. Then the fellows form The I. A. F. C. Convention. the chow line and tuck away the hot- This year the Club is more active than dogs and coffee. ever. In former years the Club lias ac­ Being located in the heart of the Na­ cepted its responsibility as a member of tional Forests and in the same city where the International Association of Forestry many of the National Forest Officers are Clubs by sending a delegate to the con­ stationed the Club has always been able ventions. This year the convention is to obtain lecturers of the highest quality. held at Montana. The Club will enter­ We have the very good fortune of hear­ tain delegates from California, Oregon, ing discussed such subjects as Silvicul­ Idaho, New York, Pennsylvania and other ture, Management, Grazing, “The Young states. In conjunction with this conven­ Man. Forestry and the Forest Service.” tion the Club hopes to arrange a conven­ Planting 011 the National Forests, Experi­ tion of Forest Service Officials and a con­ ments as Conducted in the Priest River vention of Lumbermen of the Inland Em­ Experiment Station and many similar sub­ pire though at this time of going to press jects by men who are actually in the Pro­ nothing definite can be stated concerning fession and who are advancing these these last two conventions. phases of the work. In conclusion the Club can justly claim FORESTRY K A I M I N 9 to be one of the finest organizations on took a couple of days tor deer hunting, the campus, to lie a true FORESTRY were successful, and upon their return Club whose entire m em bership is m ade up told their classmates. Each and every of Foresters and to be accepting in the hearer told another, till before long each fullest extent the work of advancing the and every hearer had worked up an ideals of Forestry. appetite for venison. Then began the Campus Deer Hunt. Each chap in pos­ OUR HUNTERS session of deer meat was skillfully stalked ; old-time friendships were recalled; bye A couple of years ago an Indian pitched gones became bye gones and “handshaking” liis teepee on the University grounds close was scientifically conducted. Each possessor to the new Science hall. All day he and of venison was informed of many virtues his squaw searched for the Ritter Root to lit* had never before suspected in himself augment his food supply. College students and rapidly and surely his deer meat be­ looked his way and grinned, then passed came less and less: rapidly and surely on to their classes. These same students there were more and more steaks and little realized that they were seeing on roasts finding their way to other fellows’ their campus a sight that would draw tables. Some of the fellows saw the game, crowds on most any other campus. What grinned and passed on to their classes. would happen at Yale or Princeton or What would happen if there should lie a Harvard if an Indian with his family deer hunt like that on the campus of Yale, were to saunter on to the campus and Princeton or Harvard? erect his teepee? Beyond doubt it would (tfenswefiofl be sensational. A couple of weeks ago Herb Sell wan THE FOREST SCHOOL RIFLE CLUB left the University a few hours before The Forest School Rifle Club was or­ dawn to hunt deer. Twelve hours later ganized two years ago, and has steadily lie came trudging back, staggering under gone ahead in numbers and excellence. the weight of a five point Rlacktail buck. At present the membership is over fifty, He had made his kill during the morning including most of the faculty. and had used the remainder of the day bringing his trophy in. The head is a The club is affiliated with the Na­ tional Rifle Association, through which beauty and Herb presented it to the club iSUirtip’ rifles and ammunition are purchased at 7 ^ 9 u^l to decorate the new club room. About [in t/je I three days later Charlie MacDonald, not a great saving in cost. The initial con­ having any classes, went off to the same signment of Springfields, .22 Winchester locality and came in at night with a muskets, ammunition and targets was re­ hundred pound Blacktail spike. Hunting ceived last spring. became more popular. Ritney went to Standard army equipment has been in­ Westfall Creek and in two days returned stalled on the 1000-yard range at Fort with a Blacktail. Center wall, who accom­ Missoula, which the club has the priv­ panied Ritney, brought in at the same time ilege of using. During the winter indoor a two hundred pound buck. Otto and practice is held every Sunday with the Max I.indh chummed up with TerKuile ,22’s in th e R. O. T. C. arm ory in Cook and drifted off to the North Fork of Pish hall. Creek. They drifted off Friday morning Meets are held with the Missoula Rifle and drifted in Monday morning with a Club, the R. O. T. C. and other organi­ Blacktail, a Whitetail and a full grown zations, and so far the club has been bear. Some of the fellows saw the very successful in all competitions. game, grinned and passed on to their At this time a schedule of contests is classes. What would happen at Yale being arranged with other clubs of the or Princeton or Harvard if the students National Association, for the winter could leave on Friday and return on Mon­ quarter. The first match will be a day with their deer or bear? telegraphic one with the Oregon Agri­ A short time ago some of the students cultural College Foresters’ Rifle Team.

~oor,i M <3f a.doryj 10 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Solving Detection Problems in the Winter P a rt II. MAKING THE SEEN AND UNSEEN AREA MAP (T. C. Spaulding)

We discussed the probabilities of au quiries on your part might not be amiss. Go back to th e point of the profile analysis of your Lookout system in the Assume though you plan on having yours where the first unseen area begins. You last edition of the Kaimin. How many completed by the time the demand comes made a mark there you know. Using ver­ of you tried out the plans we talked or you desire to check up those prepared tical lines on the cross section paper as about? How many plotted their profiles by the office—. Granting that—, then guides carry this point to the upper edge and then checked them out in the field what is this “seen and unseen” area map? of the profile paper just as you carried last summer? Some did and found, as Probably it can best be defined by calling the elevations down when you plotted the we predicted, that a few of the pot look­ it a map upon which has been plotted profile itself. Make a heavy mark on the out system needed considerable “petting” those areas that can be seen and those edge of th e strip . Then carry the other before they were as efficient as the boss areas that cannot be seen from a given end of this unseen area to the edge in of the District hoped. One or two said, lookout station or point. Its value lies: the same way. Now tnke your red pencil “well that’s a job for the Supervisor’s of­ 1. In graphically showing the effici­ and d raw a line between the two marks. fice.” Not on your life. If you are hand­ ency of a given station. Do th e sam e w ith all the “unseen” por­ ling a District why not handle it. If you 2. In determining the areas needing tions of the profile, being particularly intend to get a district some day you ex­ supplemental patrol. careful to note the fact that they are pect to run that district. You would raise 3. As a check on the accuracy of the “unseen” on the edge of the sheet. I sug­ Cain if the Supervisor told you he would Lookout man’s reports without constant gested red because you will plot your un­ handle your patrol force from the office. plotting of profiles. seen areas in red on the final map. Use It’s hardly more logical to expect him to 4. In assisting or preventing the estab­ any method of indication or color you de­ do all your lookout checking for you. Per­ lishment of two or more stations covering sire, but be sure you mark them some haps he or the Fire Chief think you can’t the same area way. If you don’t you will have forgot­ handle that very important part of your The making of the map is not at all dif­ ten by the time you are ready to make the season’s work and must do it for you. If ficult. but like most tasks it requires care fin al map. that is the case how long will they con­ and accuracy, if the results are sufficient­ Now to plot the results on the fire map. tinue to do your work fo r you. .Tust about ly reliable for use. Get the topographic If you have moved the profile put it back as long as you would do your own work sheets (contour maps) covering your look­ on th e m ap in th e sam e position it occu­ and that of one of your guards who out system. Mark on them the location pied when you made it. Mark the un­ couldn’t measure up to his job. The fire of the Stations. If you desire to plot each seen areas of the profile on the fire map game is advancing by leaps and hounds. Station separately use only the sheets nec­ by drawing a light red line alongside the So is the whole Service business all the essary to give you the maximum range of red “unseen” portions of the profile edge, w ay from Regulation A 1 to L 57. We vision required. That may require only being careful to see that the line on the have traveled a long way in the last one topographic sheet. If two or more map is neither longer nor shorter than dozen years. Some have—but a lot are necessary trim the edges and join the the corresponding line on the profile. Tnke haven’t. And just between us—if you sheets together into one map. Fasten this the profile strip away. You now have could have taken a look with me at the to the drawing table or map board with indicated on the map itself that portion orderly management of some of the Eu­ thumb tacks. Now you will need the fol­ of the territory you either can or cannot ropean Forests you would realize we have lowing : see in that direction. Plot another profile a long, long way yet to go—realize we 1 Bottle black drawing ink. close to the first. Determine its unseen are not even well started in fire Pro­ 1 Bottle red drawing ink. areas and transfer them to the map Now tection, in Improvements (except tele­ 1 Ruling or draftsman’s pen. join the corresponding ends of the two phones and there we have them beat) in Cross section paper series of “unseen” lines by light pencil Silviculture, in Regulation and in the tech­ Pins. marks. Start at the Station. Take the nical capacity of the Forest Officer. If 1 Triangle. nearest unseen point on the first profile the Supervisor is doing part of your work 1 Drawing pencil (4 H). and connect it to the corresponding un­ for you now and continues to do so. where 1 Protractor. seen point on the second profile. The will he be in five years hence—? ne 1 Red pencil. closer you have your profiles together the won't be a Supervisor. That’s manifest. 1 Penholder and drawing pen (303). easier this will be—and the more accurate And you won’t be a District Ranger either. All these may be obtained on requisi­ your work. Then do the same throughout Now don’t think I am inferring yon two tion. Stick a needle or pin in the Lookout th e w hole len g th of both profiles. Now will have gone higher—. Not on this Station point on the map. Tin's is not go back and examine your work. If .von earth, at least. It’s measure up to the necessary, but it helps in the making of have blindly connected up the ends with job or the job will measure you. Let’s the profiles. Take your triangle and draw out reading and studying the topography get back to ours. a light line from the Station to the fur­ on the map the chances are the results Districts One. Five and Six now require thest point you desire tq map. Plot a you have obtained nre far from accurate. the compilation of those profiles and be­ profile along this line (if you are at all Unseen areas are caused by ridges, peaks yond that demand a “seen and unseen” hazy about plotting profiles again read or shoulders. If your first unseen area area map made for each Lookout station. the first article of this series). After you was caused by a ridge you would know If you are in Districts Two, Three or have plotted the profile and are satisfied that the edge of that unseen area would Four you will find your District falling of the accuracy of your work, take your coincide with that ridge or projections in line in the near future. If you are in triangle and determine the limits of all from it. and would not be a straight line one of the first three Districts, you either the “unseen” areas on the profile. Mark drawn between the two points plotted on have yours compiled, are working on them these with pencil showing where each un­ the map. Learn how to read the map. or haven’t been ashed. If this was not re­ seen area begins and ends. Now you are then use common sense and good judg­ quired of you—why! A few judicious in- ready to plot your map. ment. Keep the profiles close together FOREST It Y K A I M I N 11 until you are sure of your ability. Watch on your fire map boards? You will find man may safely ride horseback. Then too, out for “islands” of seen or unseen areas them an immense help to the lookout man, this dam is a protection for his home. between the profiles. If you are not cer­ for if lie sees a suspicious sign behind a House beaver run a tunnel from the floor tain make a short profile in the doubtful ridge lie can look at his map. discover at of the pond up to their feeding room which section. a glance that Baldy and P»lack Mountain is about five or six feet square. Into this The distance allowable between profiles can both see that territory; call them up room the beaver will bring his stick, peel varies with tbe conformation of tbe and find out about it. Or if it's in a place the bark off for his food and then take it. ground and the distance from tbe Station. his map shows as unseen from all sta­ ont again. About eight inches above this With regular, well eroded bills and round­ tions, lie can let you know about it and is another room which he uses for his ed valley or fairly flat country the angu­ you don't waste a lot of good time trying sleeping quarters. Here he provides him­ lar distance between profiles may be .”10° to find if someone or the other of the self with a soft grass bed and keeps tlu up to about five inches map distance from lookouts can’t see something. You found room scrupulously clean “had comfortable. the station, beyond that 15 degrees. If that out last winter and made your plans Off to tbe right is the airhole running up tbe area is rough with irregular topog­ accordingly. to the surface of the ground where it can­ raphy, sharp slopes and narrow tortuous Now to answer that question—how long not be detected because of his camou­ valleys a maximum space of 15 degrees does it take to complete a map around a flage of sticks and debris. for the first four or five inches and 7V> station? If you don’t take in too much The beaver has a peculiar habit about degrees beyond that may be required with distance—say more than twelve miles on a his home that is foreign to all other ani­ possibly a few short intermediate cross map scaling about one-halt inch to the mals. Along about the latter part of April sections to cover doubtful boundaries or to mile—you can finish it completely in from or the early part of May every respectable establish the limit of a visibility area eight to twelve hours: half that time if married family of beavers receives from that does not extend from one cross sec­ tbe country is easy and you have practiced the stork from twm to four pound kittens. tion to another. a while. In other words, finish up your During the summer the parents play with Save yourself all the labor yon can. As district in a week of cold weather. these kittens, giving them rides through an example, if a bigli ridge or peak ob­ the water by carrying them on their tails and also training them in the work of scures all tbe territory in a given direction THE BEAVER. don’t waste time plotting behind it. T)raw gathering food. In the early fall the old heavers give the young ones their bless­ your unseen line directly on the map. ings and tbe borne and will go off some­ make a section or two to determine tbe During my twenty-five years’ experience where. usually up stream and build a new lateral boundaries—mark them, and let it in the woods of Michigan and my twelve house, generally using the bank for their go at that. Tbe same condition is true if years’ experience with the Forest Service home until the new house is constructed. your map shows a ridge just about tbe in Montana. I have made a careful study During the winter when Hie pond is frzoen heighth of the station. If there are no of the beaver and am sending along a few over and the beaver cannot come to the higher elevations beyond tbe ridge and notes to you who may be interested. surface, they meet at the dam. draw their no pronounced saddles, consider it as un­ Well, to begin with, the beaver is a ration of sticks and go back to their own seen. If there are saddles lower than water loving animal, has short front legs homes to enjoy them. the station, plot a section on both sides about three inches long, lias webbed hind the bottom of the saddle and they will feet, a flat, scaley. paddle-shaped tail The beaver is a cheerful fellow who control the country beyond the gap. about sixteen inches long and about six minds his own business and grows fat. His fat brings him several enemies, the After you have completed tbe circle inches wide and he will grow to he as worst ones being the otter, wmlf and man. around the station and have plotted in the large as eighty pounds. He lias a very fine fur of a cinnamon brown color ex­ The wolf and man are the most danger­ honndaries of the unseen areas to your cept in the eastern states where he is ous. The wolf lies in the brush and waits satisfaction outline tbe areas in black till the beaver come out on the bank but drawing ink. Don’t make a heavy line. Tt always coal black. merely spoils the appearance of your map. TIis food consists entirely of bark and man is more clever. Men will make a Then take your ruling pen and triangle he shows a decided preference for willow, break in the dam and then place traps and cross hatch the unseen area with the aspen, cottonwood, birch, ash and tag- under the water in these breaks. Falling red drawing ink. Tour map for that sta­ alder. Now the beaver cannot fall a tree water is a matter of big concern to the tion is complete. Do it again for the other in any direction he chooses. He simply beaver and he will at once set about re­ stations, preferably on the same map. picks out those trees which are leaning pairing the break. Once caught he is held fhange the angle of the cross hatching for toward the water. These he keeps cutting securely under the water and will drown each station. When von plot in the un­ around and around until it falls. Nor in about fifteen minutes. When caught by seen areas from the other stations you will does he do the job all at one time. He the front foot be will almost always twist undoubtedly find them overlapping the will cut for awhile and then take off to it off which is not difficult to do as be first. Just what you wanted! Comnletc the stream for some play with his mates. is so heavy. This loss does not hinder him vour map just the same. Then study it After awhile he will come back and gnaw much as it will heal over in about a week. It shows yon areas not seen from anv away some more. A tree ten or twelve Tbe hind legs are much stronger and when station. Change your moving patrol to inches in diameter will keep him busy for caught in a trap will not be twisted off. meet that contingency. Other areas are about a week. When these trees and Most men after skinning out the cateli seen from several stations. That’s good. bushes are cut he lugs them to the stream will throw the carcass away. This is ri­ Ton know a fire renorted on those areas above tlie dam by piling one on top of the diculous as the beaver is excellent food, can bo intersected from two or three look­ other, sinks them to the bottom. Most tasting about the same as a goose. Any­ out stations. Again an area within the folks cuss the beaver dam as a nuisance way. I have found out that the beaver is nominal territory of one lookout that can't but they should not for this is his only not just a “dam nuisance” but a jolly fel­ be seen by him can he observed by an­ method of calming his food supply. Any­ low whose industry deserves all the pro­ other station. That shows you the respon­ how'. he w orks aw ay all sum m er getting tection we can give him. Why not protect sible man for next fire senson. Why not his pantry filled and when he has it fully him? R anger A. B. Hodgins. have the seen and unseen areas plotted stocked lie has built a dam over which a 12 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY A Tiger Hunt in Burma (By J. H. Ramskill)

The man in the machan* carefully No! “Stripes” was not only not gone, but a doubtful m atter in the pitchy blackness. wiped the horde of mosquitoes from his he was almost directly under the machan, Sleep w as of course impossible, principally face and neck and silently shifted his NOT TWENTY FEET AWAY ! As silent because nerves, so recently highly strung, cramped legs to a new position. By wig­ and rigid as a part of the tree in which would not relax immediately, and the nm- gling his toes he could partially relieve his machan was perched, the man waited, cban was not only too uncomfortable, but the numbness of his feet, hut deciding that hardly breathing. Another eternity of too insecurely built to run the risk, while he could not risk the almost imperceptible minutes passed as the killer stalked the mosquitoes had never relaxed their creaking of his leather shoes, he settled around his kill, sniffing the ground and attentions for a moment. Presently the down to bear his discomfort in stoic si­ expressing displeasure in low throaty rum­ little jungle creatures returned. The leo- lence. The darkness of the warm, moon­ bles, probably at the scent of the leopard- pard-cats resumed their feast on the car­ less, tropic night enfolded him as in a cats, which had feasted so plentifully on cass, and the man amused himself by oc­ blanket, so that the ground, scarce twenty his bounty. casionally flashing his torch on the kill feet below, and the carcass of the cow. Presently, when his nerves were almost and w atching them scuttle for cover. As killed the day before by the tiger, were beginning to rebel at the strain, that soul- tim e passed, th e chill of night, began to invisible. Even the stars were shut out satisfying crunch of powerful teecli on make itself felt, and long before the feeble by the dense leafy canopy overhead. The meat and bone, announced that the time twinkling light of the shikari’s lantern whispering leaves of a bamboo frond for action had nearly come. But wait— appeared, the man’s teeth were rattling marked the passing of an errant breeze, let his senses become somewhat dulled by in the grip of a malaria chill, the sever­ no breath of which penetrated to the food before risking the shot—give him ity of which was but slightly affected by steaming dankness below. Suspended in time to get outside of at least a part of the contents of his thermos bottle. the air, as it were, the man’s whole being his meal. Slowly, an inch at a time, the An exam ination of the ground revealed became concentrated in his ears. Far man brought his gun. the good old trusty such quantities of blood, and the trail away across the river to the left came double-barrel, into position. How thank­ taken by the tiger so broad, that the man the faint bark of a village dog. From ful he was now that it had been cocked was all for taking it up immediately. But the hill to the right the short, staccato and ready these last three hours. Feel­ the shikari showed his better judgment cough of a barking-deer punctuated the ing tenderly of the switch to the electric by objecting, with a “Nay, Sahib, he will silence. A hercules beetle zoomed by in torch fastened beneath the barrels of the either be dead or very stiff and sore in erratic flight only to come to grief with a gun, he carefully aimed directly at the the morning.” So the long tiresome tramp sudden plop, against a tree trunk. Little spot from which that continuous sound hack to camp was made. rustlings, chewing sounds and an occa­ of chewing and crunching came. NOW Returning in the early morning the trail sional muffled snarl, in the vicinity of the WAS THE TIME! Down pressed tbe carcass below, marked the presence of was taken up afresh, with the shikari in finger on the switch, and there leaped the lend, ferretting out the difficult parts. those rarely seen but numerous little den­ into view below, in a small brilliant cir­ But there were not many of these, for as izens of the jungle, the leopard cats, mak­ cle, the dead cow, and a long yellow, black ing the most of the time before the ap­ progress was made, it became increasing­ striped body, surmounted by a massive ly evident th a t th e beast had boon bard pearance of the lord of the jungle put a head, the bloody jaws of which were wide stop to their feast. hit: the blood trail was broad and plain. open in a snarl. But the man was not in­ At the spot where he had stopped first, Presently, the man became conscious terested in such details, his attention be­ not two hundred yards from the kill, was that these jungle noises had ceased. The ing focused on finding, and drawing a a pool of clotted blood of large size. The barking-deer was silent. The leopard-eatx bead on that spot behind the shoulder, excitement of tbe shikari bad been grow­ had concluded their snarling feast, and the hitting of which meant the success or ing steadily. He now broke out with a tbe profundity of the silence almost hurt. failure of the hunt. For probably five “Not far now, Sahib, and a big one too" With tautened nerves and pounding pulse seconds, the tiger stood motionless—when About a q u a rte r of a mile from the kill he suddenly realized that “Stripes” had with a double roar the gun spoke—and tbe trail led into a thicket of grass, ten come, although not a sound had betrayed all was darkness again, the recoil having to twelve feet in height, so dense that his presence. For a moment the drum­ released the light switch. Before the man eves could not penetrate it more than a ming in his ears seemed deafening. As could close it again, and flood the scene few feet. Here the shikari hesitated a this passed his every faculty became sub­ with light, there was a cough and a grunt moment and. indicating that he would merged in listening. Would the killer feed and “Stripes” left that place with great m ake a circu it to cu t the trail beyond, tonight, or would he become suspicious, bounding leaps, the crash of his course cautioned the man to watch for a shot, and postpone his meal. Still no sound! through the brush being easily followed should the tiger double back on his trail. Ah ! At last! The faint snap of a twig for a hundred yards or more. When ho returned the shikari's excitement not more than a hundred feet behind the What was the result? Was he hit? had increased. “He is there. Sahib, most man relieved the tension. He was coming It seemed almost impossible to miss at eertninly dead.” pointing to the tbieket. in! Now the faint pad, pad, of his huge that distance. If so, was he mortally Presently he shinned up a nearby tree and pugs could be heard, with an occasional wounded? It was doubtful that he could crawling out on a limb extending over the rustle of a dry bamboo leaf. He was carry those two loads of lethal ball very grass, carefully examined the ground be­ working around the base of the bill to far, if hit in a vital spot. Try as he neath. TTis excited. “The flies. Sahib.” the right. Suddenly a sigh-like, air-test­ would, it was impossible for the man to b ro u g h t to the m an’s consciousness a low ing sniff made the man hold his breath. discover blood stains, from his eyrie perch. humming sound, which he bad not before Would he get the man scent? An eternity So he settled himself as comfortably as noticed. Such a noise could mean but one of several minutes passed without a sound. possible to await the appearance of the thing, swarms of flies. And the flies in­ Had he gone? Damn that shikari* any­ hikari with the lantern, since wandering dicated with certainty tbe presenee of a how! The bungling pig-eater should be about in the jungle, with a wounded tiger dead animal. So the man plunged into sacked tomorrow for building the machan not far away, was not only dangerous, the grass, to find within twenty feet of in such a rotten place. But—pad, pad,— but the finding of the trail back to camp, (Continued on Page 13) FORESTRY KAIMIN 13 The Forest Engineer During the last decade the education short time where a week of discussion and training qualifying a mau as a For­ would fail. In short it is necessary for est Engineer have been so greatly changed him to be proficient in all matters per­ and enlarged that it is almost impossible taining to advantageous exploitation of to compare the logging superintendent of tim ber. a few years ago with the logging engi­ In addition to being a successful har­ neer of today. The old-timer reached the vester or exploiter of his forest crop he height of his profession by hard knocks, must at the same time understand con­ hard fights, and hard years of actual log­ serving it for future use. As this future ging in timber th a t was easily accessible does not necessarily include him or his 'anger Surveyors and low in price. He had to be a stro n g descendants it is often somewhat difficult man—a fighting mau—to properly enforce for him to grasp this view. However, it the authority given by his position; a simply means exercising the virtue of un­ thing which in the old days was very dif­ selfishness. A knowledge of silviculture ficult. and forest management are necessary to His timber was plentiful and the prob­ cope with this situation properly, and be­ lem of operation very simple because if cause we have as yet not had sufficient ' HJ\A1ars/ha/JCi radeK/y& s the physical conditions of the ground were time in which to study these branches it not to his liking he let the timber stand is often very difficult to make a decision and cut somewhere else. The question of quickly. labor gave him little concern. There were Arduous as it may seem to satisfactor­ no troublesome laws and regulations in ily fuse the sciences of exploitation and his way. All he actually had to know was conservation it is by no means impossible. to run a logging road on the down grade Through the process of elimination a re­ from his timber to the river and keep sult may be obtained, which, if put into his crews in action all of the time. practice wil generally serve. Forest students when entering upon However, as the timber became more their careers will find that the road is and more inaccessible the cost of opera­ not smooth. It means constant study and tion increased. To keep the profits up it faithful application, for opinions and the­ was necessary to log more cheaply or ories are changing so often that it is hard raise the price of lumber. Stumpage prices to keep up. Forestry in this country is began to climb. Forestry regulations still in its infancy and very slowly being crept in despite the strenuous efforts on moulded into a tangible comprehensive the part of many. Slowly but surely out state. Every problem may be solved cor­ of the tangled mass the art or profession rectly in a dozen different ways and suc­ of logging became evolved u n til fo rest cess lies in being able to choose the most engineering became a fact, a science, a advantageous. The old-timers, who have reality, recognized and respected. been through so much, are apt to ridicule It is pitifully amusing to hear the state­ the newcomers’ theories and laugh at their ment that it is unnecessarily superfluous eagerness, but it must not be taken to for a man to have a technical education to heart for there is only goodwill in the be a good forest engineer. Without the feelings of those whose places they will advantage of such a training he is sadly take. They must be tactful and diplo­ handicapped. He will find obstacles and matic and if called upon to render a deci­ problems rising before him daily that he sion. study the situation, make it. and cannot surmount or solve unless he has then stand by it. the aid of a technically trained man even To these new men I want to say, that if he has spent his entire life in the tim­ you cannot be a forest or logging engineer ber. On the other hand th e technical m an through your books alone. You must know must have the advantage of having seen your trees and live with them first. When his theory put into practice before he you have learned in the forest and com­ really becomes proficient. Give him a bined the result of your observation with few years in the bush and even if he has your technical knowledge you will be in a not learned to solve all his problems by few years where many have striven half a having done so before he can resort to century to be. Your chance for both is his knowledge of engineering principles there. Take it, use it, and succeed ! by which, if lie follows the laws, he gen­ — H elm uth Bey, '17. erally wins out. Plane The forest engineer of today must be a A TIGER HUNT Work, man physically. He must be endowed with (Continued from page 12) what is known as common sense. He the edge of the thicket, the shikari bend­ must be a civil engineer for if called upon ing over the dead body of “Stripes,” while to construct a railroad, make a topograph­ the air about was thick with buzzing blue­ ical survey or build a dam or bridge, it is bottle flies. necessary that he lie able to do so. Cold *A Hindustani word applied to a stag­ figures do not lie,—if used correctly, and ing built in a tree as a set for a hunter. they have the power of convincing in a *A n ative hunter. 14 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY A Survey of the Student Employment Situation at the State University

The question, “What are the opportuni­ lawns and take care of gradeus in the porting while in attendance at the Uni­ ties for earning my way through college,” spring and fall. The rate of pay for versity of Montana, I believe this will de­ appears so often in letters of inquiry ad­ tending a furnace varies from five to fif­ pend principally upon your own efforts. dressed to the various departments of teen dolars a month. Usually students have some difficulty in the University, that a special survey has Last year several hundred jobs were finding employment during the first few been undertaken to secure information on taken by students. Many of these were of m onths of th e ir attendance at the Uni­ the subject. Letters from fathers, moth­ a temporary nature, but many led into versity, though some odd jobs may be ers, school principals, and others inter­ permanent positions. Quite often studeftts picked up which will help defray ex­ ested in seeing some boy or girl continue could not be secured to fill the positions penses. A great many students in the his or her education beyond the high that were offered. There is certain to University are actually self-supporting and school are received daily in the regis­ be some kind of employment for those able to defray all expenses, but these are trar’s office, and the greater percentage who are willing to work. usually men and women who have been request information regarding work. During this year H. H. Badgley will in th e U niversity more than one year. Montana’s state university is known as have charge of the employment bureau. W e should n o t w ant to encourage you to a democratic institution, the majority of No charge will be made for any services. come to the University with the idea that the students being independent on their Students desiring employment should write you will be able to entirely defray ex­ own efforts to earn at least a portion of Mr. Badgley or call at the office of the penses by working during your first year’s their expenses. The Chamber of Com­ employment secretary soon after they ar­ attendance. However, if you do come merce and the business men of Missoula rive at the University. with this intention, we shall do all we assist many students to find work during can to assist you to find employment, but One fact should be made clear, how­ the year; for a city of 20,000 people Mis­ your success in doing so will depend upon ever ; the University authorities do not soula probably supports more college stu­ your ability and energy in hustling for guarantee employment to students. Every dents than any other of its size in the w ork.” effort is made to find opportunities, but country. the actual results rest entirely with the Summer Work. One frequently hears of the large num­ student. If he is earnest, and aggressive During summer vacations, students ber of students who are earning their way and willing to get out and hustle for work readily find profitable employment in through this institution, of the large num­ on his own account he will succeed, but many occupations. The forest service hi ber who are able to secure work, and of a student who sits back and depends on particular offers unusual opportunities for the varieties of work that are available someone else to rustle a job for him is those who are studying that subject and for students. However, no definite in­ apt to fail, as would a man in business generally employs every student of for­ formation along ’this line has ever before under similar conditions. estry who desires work in the woods. The been secured. It was for these various The form of letter that is written to local office of the Bureau of Public Roads reasons that the survey of which this is students applying for work is usually as and Rural Engineering has work for stu­ a report was undertaken. fo llo w s: dents on surveying and construction For boys and girls seeking work after crews. school hours four agencies co-operate for “As to your ability to become self sup- M any of o u r students save $150 to $200 their benefit: from their summer work making it pos­ Student Employment Secretary, sible, with their earnings during the win­ The Missoula Chamber of Commerce, ter. to make their entire expenses during The Rotary and Kiwanis clubs, their four years of college training. The University Club. The University authorities encourage Students earning their way through the employment of students wherever pos­ school participate in every branch of col­ lege activities, athletics, debate, fratern­ sible and set an example to the citizens of Missoula by employing students as jani­ ity and social gatherings. As one self tors, night watchmen, stenographers, supporting student recently remarked: gardeners, and the like about the campus. “We do not look down on a man at Departments and Schools of the Univer­ Montana just because he has to work his sity employ students as instructors, lab­ way through college. As for my own ex­ oratory assistants, etc. Upper classmen perience, th e firs t y ear I came to school majoring in the departments are usually I had the savings of the preceding sum­ preferred for these positions. The rate mer in my pocket. I waited table and of pay varies from $10 to $50 per month, did odd jobs outside of school hours which depending on the previous training and paid my room rent, laundry and incident­ skill required in the work. als. I worked during the Christmas holi­ As much of the general maintenance and days and finished my first year $50 to repair work as it is possible for students th e bad. to do, working spare time, is turned over “I had a better knowledge of how to go to them. Student carpenters and painters about my work the second year and with are in constant demand. the help of janitor work and a newspaper The employment bureaus specialize in job managed to break about even. obtaining work for students around “It would be my advice that a student homes; there is a steady demand for men should come here equipped with suffi­ to take care of furnaces and split wood cient clothes for the year, enough cash to during the winter months, and to mow UNIVERSITY LOOKOUT STATION pay registration fees and board for the FORESTRY K A I M I N 15 first few months, and if he has the right homa, and Wyoming and arrived in Mis­ the first time in the University after Sep­ stuff in him he will come through with soula with $60 cash. tem ber 1, 1923. flying colors. “I bad no trouble in earning all of my No tuition fees are required of Mon­ “Even though I have had to earn all expenses during the year, though my em­ tana students in the State University. A my expenses, I have had my share of the ployment varied from work with pick and matriculation fee of $10.00 is charged each social life and plenty of recreation. I shovel to waiting table. My total income year to resident and non-resident students haven’t been able to buy many cut-flowere for the year was $495; my expenses were alike, and an incidental .fee of $12.00 is or ride in taxi cabs to dances, but I have above the average as immediately after collected once each year to pay for mem­ mingled at least on the edge of the social arriving in Missoula I was taken down bership in the organizations of the Associ­ ated Students of the University of Mon­ whirl.” with typhoid fever, which kept me in tbe hospital for five weeks. I also had a life tana. This membership admits you to all The Business Manager of the Univer­ insurance premium fall due during the games, athletic contests, dances, special sity, when asked for his opinion of the year. I used my last five dollars in the lectures, and other activities of the stu­ opportunities for students to find employ­ spring to pay my railroad fare to tbe St. dent organization. ment at this institution as compared with Joe forest, where I was assigned work for Tbe cost to the average student attend­ other universities with which he had been the summer by the U. S. Forest Service. ing the University of Montana for one connected, said: “Any boy that is willing to work, can year is about as follows: “My first advice to any student would earn his way through tbe University.” Registration fee ...... $ 10.00 $ 10.00 be that he should have a little money Tlie dean of women at the State Uni­ Incidental (ath letic) 12.00 ' 12.00 ahead to start on before entering tbe Uni­ versity, gathered statistics regarding the Deposits required (li­ versity. The exact amount that he should employment of women students, for the brary. laboratory, etc.) 5.00 to 10.00 have is difficult to ascertain, but he comm ittee. Books, etc...... 10.00 to 20.00 should at least have enough to pay his “More than $9,000 in money or its equiv­ B oard ...... 210.00 to 240.00 University fees and living expenses for a alent was earned by young women attend­ Room ...... 37.50 to 100.00 few months until he will be able to se­ ing the University in one year,” she re­ cure employment. ported. Although the amount may seem Expenses ...... $284.50 to $392.00 “While there is enough employment to large it is only by a strong determination E xpenses. for other incidentals, enter­ he had, it is not eVery student who is able and actual need that the 50 young women tainment, laundry, etc., would vary, of to find work the first thing upon entering from whose earnings in money and school course, depending upon the personal tastes the University. credits the statistics were gathered, were and resources of the individual. able to lielp themselves. For the girl who "The possibilities of earning part of stu­ Board may be had on the campus for must earn her way through school, good dent expenses are as good here, if not $25.00 per month. Single meals may be health is an absolute necessity and even better, than in many of the institutions bad at the dormitories or in the campus with that it is far better for the women of the country. From the experience cafeteria. Room expenses vary from students to come supplied with sufficient which I have had in other institutions, the $10.00 per quarter in the ward rooms of means in order to be able to devote their students who must work, no matter what Simpkins Hall Barracks to $10.00 per entire time to study. kind of honorable work be is doing, is month in the dormitories. Rooms may be Of any one occupation practiced by the treated better here than elsewhere. So had in Missoula with private families for young women, stenographic work seemed far as X have been able to see, no social from $5.00 to $20.00 per month. Room most popular. Eleven girls who followed discriminations are made between those and board may be had with private fam­ this line earned a total of $1,779 and an students who are paying their expenses ilies for from $35.00 to $50.00 per month. average of 29% credits each for the year. by their own efforts and those who are General University Loan Funds. The miscellaneous work of caring for paying money. The Montana Bankers’ Association and children, acting as accompanists, giving “I also think that the opportunities for the alumni of the University of Nebraska, dancing lessons, setting tables, and the work are better here because in most residing in Montana, have each estab­ like netted 13 girls $1,139, with 24 credits larger institutions there is very little to lished loan funds which are available for each earned at the end of the year. he done by students in the way of stenog­ students in the junior and senior classes Three young women who did library raphy, since most of the departments are of any of the institutions of the Univer­ work earned $700 during the year and an supplied with regular stenographers. The sity of Montana, who are unable to con­ average of 21 credits each. same thing is true with regard to janitor tinue their studies without financial aid Tutoring brought five university women, work, for such work is done by regularly and are satisfactorily recommended as to carrying an average of 15 hours’ work a employed men and not by students. In character and scholarship by the dean or semester $420. eastern universities practically the only director or the head of the department in Counting the room and board which opportunity for students to secure employ­ which tbe applicant's major work is done. eighteen women students worked for, in ment in connection with the institutions The loan to any one student is limited to terms of money, it was estimated that is in waiting table or doing other work two hundred dollars during his course, this group had earned $4,050 for the at the dormitories. Some few juniors and and not more than one hundred dollars in school year and 31 credits each. Contrary seniors are employed as laboratory assist­ any one year. Loans must be repaid with­ to the general belief the school standing ants, but as there are a great number of in one year from the time of borrowing, of these young women is among the high­ graduate students, most places such as lab­ or in exceptional cases, one year after est, and in addition, many of them were oratory assistants are given to them.” graduation. Loans bear two per cent in­ looked upon as being the leaders in vari­ The committee received many interest­ terest. ing letters from students who had been ous forms of school activities. Application blanks and a statement of assisted in securing employment. Among Expenses. detailed regulations governing these loans others is one from William Strong, then Prospective students ask regarding the may be obtained from the Business Man­ a student in the School of Forestry. expenses of the normal three-quarters year ager. “I shipped my clothes to Missoula and at the University: left Boston with just $5 in my pocket on Beginning in Septem ber, 1923, a tuition Information regarding a number of June 12th. I worked through the harvest fee of $25 per quarter will be charged of scholarships will be found in the Univer­ fields of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Okla­ non-residents of Montana who register for sity catalog. MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Clrou.nd theC am pfire mmmm. m mamm m mmrnrn. m m m m ■ * ^ « ■ m m m m m m m m m mm m I mm

THE LARIAT OF NOMOKE KAYENNE. EFFICIENCY BILL

They say tlie tourist and the hunter keep The range where once we fed the woolly Come all you Rangers who want to hear sheep, A story told, of a brave career; He happens in when all is stjll and quiet E fficiency B ill w as this brother’s name, And Blowhard, that great angler, tramps in the night, th e grass On Uncle Sam’s Forests, boys, he won his To crash the tinware to the floor is his fam e. And tells of catches that are hard to beat. supreme delight. He worked out a schedule numbered A A sound of curses underneath a bough, And when the ranger starts from sleep, B C, A punctured tire, a busted spring, and— and sets a trap with care, W ow ! Tbe way the pack rats don't get in fills Which he followed up to the letter T. A tourist howling in the wilderness, him with dark despair. It proved so effective that he hit the ball O, wilderness were simply Hell enow. And the district duties didn’t bother him The pack rat runs around the trap and a t all. And ah! that sheep should ever eat the deadfalls make him smile. rose; When someone passes him a boot, he The sheep that’s insult to the tourist’s dodges it a mile. It made short shift of his timber sales, nose. It got a hurry-up on his telephone and We’ll throw them out without a single But when the ranger’s wrath is roused, trails, pang, to prove he’s not a dub, His grazing and improvements were so And wear a substitute for woolen clothes. He slays the pesky pack rat with a flash­ easy to take light and a club. Each sheep a thousand posies eats, you Each evening after supper lie went fish­ say, Now if you live a lonely life where plea­ ing in the lake. And leaves a stench which drives the sures rarely come, dudes away— Cheer up, take courage, go and get a pack He took the boss once ’round the schedule But still in woolen blankets you repose rat for your home. route And throw a fit at prices you must pay. A. G. Jackson “Six Twenty-Six.” And said, “If you gotta kick now’s your time to shoot!” And when the dudes have cornered all the The boss could only mutter, when aroused RANGER ACTIVITY STANDARDS. grass, from his amaze, And roads are paved through every moun­ “I’ve never seen the likes, Bill, in all m.v tain pass, The Standard of Efficiency turned in his Super days.” Please take me to some nice secluded standard chair spot— And called to his stenographer, and stand­ “You see how it worketh,” said Billy with Then yank me hence, and please use ard was her hair; a shout, lethal gas. Please write the Average Ranger, and “Just as she’s hangiu’ or turn her inside J. V. H orton, D-6. say that he must go . out And leave his wife and Standard kids and And the only thing that causes her to THE PACK HAT wander to and fro.” even bat an ear (C horus) Is a visit from the Forester or Telephone The pack rat is a social cuss who calls around at night, For the Average Ranger must-O E ngineer.” Do time from home or dust-O, To cheer the forest ranger bold and thrill Scientific locomotion him with delight. The Super said, “Bill, this makes me feel Standardizing every notion, good, No cabin is so lonely, quite hid in the Ninety-nine or bust-O. If I’d six more like you this job’d be a mystic woods, ‘pud’.” The ranger packs his standard plans and But there the pack rats rendezvous, and ambles out to roam, Then he fell in a faint and whispered ere mix the ranger’s goods. With a standard watch and his schedule he died, The pack rat’s fond of raisins sweet, and bright, nobody finds him home; “Inspection was too easy, I couldn’t stand prunes he thinks are nice, For twenty-five days he must take air, the th e rid e.” But beans he scatters on the floor, with public’s wish be damned, coffee, spuds, and rice. Only five days left to write reports on Now the moral, boys—I hope you tnke the how his work got jammed. The flour and sugar he mixes up with tip, spoons and forks and knives. ( C h o ru s) Get this schedule pronto or pull one off Initiative shall rust-0 He chews the strings of cruising shoes, your hip, on kindling wood he thrives. On standards he must trust-O, For if we don’t get busy ere our Super For scientific locomotion The pack rat’s fond of music sweet. He’s Standardizing every notion hears that tale never known to fail. Carries on with crust-O. We 11 all be long-eared boomers down that Whene’er he has a chance, to drum a (Tune—“Christopher Columbo”) stovepipe with his tail. long, long trail. “Six Twenty-Six.” Holy Cross—D-2. FORESTRY KAIMIN 17

Deerslaying Parson Captured by School- THE IlOBO ENGINEER. I caught him in the barn, swinging on a ma’am and Dog.—Albuquerque, N. M., Jan­ rope from the hay loft down to the ground, uary, 1920: A minister of the gospel, a I sometimes think I'll quit this life like a kid that’s seen his first circus. He school teacher, a girl pupil, a pet dog, a And settle down and get a wife, by Jove. said he’s trying to think up stunts for a dead deer; a United States forest ranger, I sometimes think that I would like movie scenario! Lands sakes, I wouldn’t and a justice of the peace were tbe chief To have some place I could call home, have to THINK up any, my trouble would actors in a gams violation case recently And settle down, no more to roam. be to get them all FILMED. Only I don’t successfully prosecuted on the Coronado But hell! That very thing I’ve tried think Bill would he exactly crazy about National Forest in Southern Arizona, ac­ And found myself dissatisfied. them, he’s the villain in all of ’em.” cording to a report just reecived by the I’ve often tried to settle down District Forester. The curtain fell when To office work and live in town, THE WOODI'EUKER AGAIN the minister pleaded guilty to killing a And act like civilized folks do; deer out of season and was fined fifty dol­ Take in the shows, and dances, too. There are drones and slackers and idlers lars.—Intermountain District. But I'd no more’n get a start galore ’Til wanderlust’d seize my heart, And when you say DIG, they seem to get And in my night dreams I would see so re ; THIS STUDY COURSE The “Great White Silence” calling me. Their reports are all punk and hard to And at the summons I’d not fail m ake out, DEAR RANGER, To bunch it all and hit the trail. They only get busy when the boss is ABOUT THIS Study Course Back to the solitudes once more, about. THAT THEY sent out to you With transit, level, rod and chain, AND CALLED it PEDO. To lead the simple life again, There are others, however, who are much NOW YOU may have thought To do the same things o’er and o’er. on the go THAT IT was Day by day, week by week, But they work in a way that makes little SOME JOB to have to read Sometimes we go to town to seek show, ALL THE Manuals A little fun, and wTell— The pay check’s no bigger, which might THROUGH ABOUT twice Sometimes I guess we raised a little hell, seem a shame; AND THEN guess besides We didn’t meun to, but then you see, They see their misfortune, but DIG just WHAT THE questions When we’ve been out two months, or the same. WERE ALL about, three, Let’s consider conditions, is one to blame. AND THEN lie aw ake Lead by grade lines on a chase If he digs all his days without promotion NIGHTS TRYING to figure out Where mankind seems so out of place— or fame, WHAT THESE Well, when we hit the “Great White Way” If he digs with his hands, seems about D. O. BIRDS wanted anyhow. Our joyful spirits get full sway; all he’s got, BUT LET me tell We try to crowd into one night Tho he digs till the day he might better YOU ONE thing, The joys of many months—ain’t right? be shot. AND THAT is th at Well, maybe not; ’tis not for me THE JOKE isn’t entirely To shape man’s final destiny. He’s short on material, or something of ON YOU, it’s one of these But when our last survey is done, the kind, D. 0. BIRDS who And tied up to the “Great Unknown,” He’s born without matter that developed DOPED OUT all these questions And to the chief the record’s brought the mind. AND NOW have to grade all Of lonely work with danger fraught, Is he to be discarded and hauled to the THOSE PAPERS you fellows sent in. Of hardships cheerfully endured dump AND TH ER E are only That best results might be secured— When his frame becomes useless from ABOUT TWO thousand papers, Against all this our little sprees bump after bump? AND IT’S some job. Will seem as ponds compared to seas. It seems that tbe fellow who has worn AND TH ESE same And the angels surely will decide out with time. EXAMINERS have also That there’s a balance on the credit side, Who failed to be blessed with a specially TO READ the dear And God, I hope, will drop a tear, topped spine, OLD MANUALS through, And bless the “Hobo Engineer.” Should have a few flowers, at least when AND SOMETIMES twice. The Timberman. lie’s dead, TO FIND The correct Tho he DIGGED with his hands instead ANSWERS TO their own questions. RANGER BILL’S WIFE SAYS of his head. AND TH ESE exam iners ARE NOW going around “You can clean a barn with a pitchfork, Let’s boil down this matter, the wood­ THE OFFICE with but it’s hard to sweep a straw from a pecker stuff. VERY LONG faces carpet with a broom. You can’t do every­ And see where we’d get to if all were good AND VERY sad looks, thing one way, some things you have to enough, AND BLEARY eyes which just naturally pick up and carry out.” If all gained promotion and got to the top SHOW THAT they too “Some women may be vines, but up in The conservation business might clog up and stop. HAVE LOST some sleep Bill’s district the woods are full of old BUT LEARNED a lot dead trees, no good even for firewood, and I’d long been in Washington, my guard ABOUT THESE old Manuals. their limbs look like the legs of a lot of took my place. WHICH THEY never knew before. men I’ve seen on the beach down by the We’d push out the top ones with pure SO IT looks to me lake.” lack of space; THAT THE horse is on them. “Bill’s going around these days in a We’d soon forget the Service that mothered OR AT least that it’s deep, dark brown study. I thought at us along, FIFTY-FIFTY. first it was the Manual Review that had Just get a job started and then “pro­ I THANK YOU. his goat, or that maybe he was doping out m oter” on. “Six Twenty-Six.” something for the Bulletin, till yesterday Ranger Ryan, Colorado. Glimpses

v. Vf\¥."v-

PA l'L RUNYAN’S HEAD COW- PUNCHER It is recorded in history that Paul Bnu- yan logged off North Dakota ; also how he threw a chain around a quarter sec­ tion of timber and “hitched" the big blue ox to it and dragged it bodily to the river where the timber was cut and rolled into the river. It is not. however, recorded in history, or is it generally known that be­ sides being the greatest logger ever known that he was a great stockman and that he raised the big blue ox as well as many other oxen used in his extensive logging operations, and also that he raised all the beef used in his lumber camps. The picture above is a real photograph of Paul’s head cowpuncher and is the only living person of that historical time. His face is probably familiar to many through­ out District 1 of the Forest Service as he is now the head of the branch of Graz­ ing. The special lecturer detailed from the District Forester's office for grazing in­ struction in the Rangers' School is none other than Paul Runyan's old head cow- puncher.

1923 RANGER SCHOOL Oak A. K napp ...... Lewiston, Idaho As the Kaimin goes to press, the Short A rthur J. Kramis ...... Missoula, Mont. Course for Forest Rangers, which is al­ E ric Lindquist ...... Two Dot. Mont. ways held in the winter quarter, starts H arry E. Maynard ...... W est Allis, Wis. off with an enrollment of twenty-five stu­ Clarence II. McFee .Ooeur d'Alene, Idaho dents. All classes are being held in the Thomas E. Murray Ketchikan. Alaska new building. Our total enrollment in Raymond E. Peterson Moravia. Idaho the School for the winter quarter is well H ugh S. R edding ...... lone. Wash. over one hundred and fifty students. This David Robertson Pritchard. Idaho keeps seven profs and several special lec­ .Tames T. S aban...... Hyattville. W.vo. turers on the qui vive—which, as I under­ Walter M. Shields Glengary, Idaho stand it. means busy—. Ja m e s M. Thom pson ...... Missoula, Mont. The Ranger School students are made L ester R. Vanairsdale ...... Orofino, Idaho up principally of Forest Service employes, H erb ert Z eh...... E lk h art Lake, Wis. guards and rangers from western forests Our Profs with one or two men from the east. The We start out in the new building with enrollment'is as follows: seven regular, full-time teachers and with George E. Benjamin Butte, Mont. several special lecturers added for the Charles G. Burdick Wise River. Mont. Ranger School. Lenny A. Christensen Ephraim. Utah Required work in English, mathematics David W. Eaton ...... La Grande. Ore. and botany and elective courses in other H arold .T. Engles ...... Portland. Ore. departments is given in cooperation with Raymond Engles Portland. Ore. the School in and by the department con­ Gustav A. Fredrikson Fairfield. Mont. cerned. Gail Green ...... Bozeman. Mont. Here's the line up: F ran k A. Glim m er ...... Missoula, Mont. C. II. Clapp, President. State University. James H. Haycock...... Circleville, Utah Dorr Skeels, Professor of Forestry, E dw in J o s t ...... Quantico, Ya. Dean. FORESTRY K AIM IN 19

Glenn Smith. II. S. Forest Service— Grazing, range management. Howard R. Flint. i\ S. Forest Service— Fire protection. James Yule, F. S. Forest Service—For­ est maps. Hugh Calkins. I T . S. F o rest Service—- Forest surveys. J. \V. B utler, I). V. S.. S tate V eterin­ arian Range stock diseases. it. I’. McLaughlin. State Forester— State forestry. R. B. Millin, Professor of Animal Hus­ bandry1, Montana Agricultural College, Bozeman Management of Range live­ stock. The heads and chiefs of nearly all the departments and branches in the offices of District One of the United States For­ est Service have agreed to give talks and addresses in tiie Forestry Club or before the Ranger Short Course. (Glimpses *rf from the forest service; subject to the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture. Our New Profs We have two new profs this year. Professor F. G. Clark was appointed this FAY O. CLARK year to take over instruction in forest Thomas C. Spaulding, Professor of For­ administration and forest measurements estry. and to look after the welfare of the men in the vocational courses. J. H. Knmskill. Assistant Professor of We get tills brief biography from offi­ Forestry. cial sources: Fay G. Clark. Assistant Professor of U niversity of M ichigan, B. A. 1911. M. Forestry. S. in Forestry 1914; forest assistant on Reuben Prichard, Assistant Professor of St. Joe National Forest (under Professor Forestry. T. C. Spaulding, then Forest Supervisor) Harold H. Lansing, Instructor in For­ 1912; deputy supervisor, Missoula Na­ estry. tional Forest, 1913; District Office, Dis­ Louis W. Dennie, Assistant Instructor trict One. in charge of improvement work in D istrict One. 1914; Y. M. C. A. P hysi­ in Forestry. Heads of University departments giving cal Director, 1918; Supervisor on Deer Lodge National Forest, 1919; Assistant courses required in Forestry: Professor of Forestry, School of For­ Dr. J. E. Kirkwood, Botany. estry, State University, Missoula, Mont., Dr. N. J. Lennes, Mathematics. Professor II. G. Merriam, English 1922. Dr. J. p. Rowe, Geology. Professor Clark was one of Yost's right- Dr. M. J. Elrod, Biology. hand men at Michigan and was fullback on several championship teams. His ‘Special Lecturers in the Ranger School: hobby is Boy Scout work. R. B. Adams, U. S. F o rest Service— Professor Reuben Prichard was appoint­ Forest improvements, telephones, radio. ed tills fall to the Chair of Silviculture. We pried loose his biography also from official sources; Dartmouth, B. S., 1907; Yale Forest School, Master of Forestry, 1909; North­ ern Paicfic timber estimation work until 1911 : Forest Assistant, Lolo National For­ est. 1911-1912 ;. New York State College of Forestry, Professor of Silviculture. 1913-1922; School of Forestry, State Uni­ versity. Missoula, Mont.. Professor of Sil­ viculture, 1922. Professor Pritchard is an old football star, too, of the famous old Dartmouth line of '0(1 and '07. His hobby is fish­ ing. Professor Clark and Professor Prichard both won their spin's in prac­ tical forestry work in the national for­ REUBEN PRICHARD ests of Montana. 20 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Opportunities in Forestry H ow ard R. F lin t, U. S. F. S.

in the next Congress; one is in the Con­ Rangers, and that none become District sular Service at Suez; another is di­ Foresters who have not been both Ran­ rector of a State Experiment Station. ger and Supervisor in turn and who A forester, very recently of this locality, have not had in addition a thorough is now in China where he will play an technical training in forestry. A Dis­ important part in an effort to reclaim trict Forester must be a man of unusual some of the vast devastated areas of .Administrative ability, long and varied that country. experience, and with a thorough knowl­ Perhaps approximately seventy-five edge of the various branches of F'orestry. per cent of all the men who enter for­ A Supervisor must be a leader, a stu­ estry in the United States pass at one dent, and a teacher of men, and a busi­ time or another in various capacities ness executive as well. With these spe­ through the “rearing pond” of the United cifications in mind, the Forest School States Forest Service, and possibly it is student who has administrative ambi­ Foresters and Forest School students for this reason that there is a con­ tions should lay a firm foundation. For are always interested in hearing of the stantly reiterated demand on the Forest the man who lacks tbe incluination or expansion of their field and of the over­ Service to furnish men from its scant the special talent for administrative flow of their fellows to other and per­ personnel for other lines of forestry haps broader fields of activity. Never w ork th e re is a g reat field of special work and for work which is only in lines dealing with Silviculture, Forest has the outlook for foresters been bet­ the most remote way related to forestry. ter than it is at the present. Important Products and many lines of investiga­ While it is often a severe drain on the legislation dealing with forestry pro­ tion and research. In any case there organization of the Forest Service, this grams and forest policies is pending or is alw ays a need fo r a thorough ele­ steady demand for men is recognized as in progress in Congress and in a great mental training in English, Economics, an evil well balanced by compensations, many State Legislatures. All of the B otany, C hem istry, Physics, Meteorology, and men in the Service are given every proposed measures call for increased and above all in the mechanics and the opportunity to take advantage of de­ activities and more intensive work in “how” of soaking up new facts and sirable openings in other fields. forestry and a number of them are applying them to the new problems Two common avenues of entry into assured of powerful support. The pass­ which each day of the busy forester’s the Forest Service are recognized. One age of any of these measures means a life is sure to bring. by way of a very stiff technical ex­ fresh or an increased demand for for­ The promise of romance has attracted amination intended to secure men highly esters in public work. many who were not well fitted for the trained as foresters or grazing special­ serious toil of a forester’ life, and many Men with technical training and ex­ ists, the other by way of the non-tech- have dropped out in the early stages perience in forestry are being employed nical Ranger’s examination in which, of their career when the expected ro­ in increasing numbers by lumber com­ however, technical training is of great panies, by railroads, by paper manufac­ mance appeared in the guise of steady, advantage and assistance to the man turers, many of whom, by the way, are grilling, hard work. Romance there is, who has it. Probably the most auspi­ becoming paper growers; by match man­ but as a rule it is most apparent to the cious manner in which an enterprising ufacturers, and by large land holders innocent by-stander who has ample time beginner can enter the Forest Service who desire to keep productive lands not for high - altitude feats of imagination. is as a duly appointed Ranger who has well adapted to agricultural use. Very Many people still believe that tbe Rang­ also to his credit a good passing mark recently Henry Ford has acquired a for­ er's sole duty is to ride the purple hills in the Forest Assistant or Grazing As­ est of nearly a half million acres from without a care in the world other than sistant examination. For such a one which he hopes to cut and continue to to connect with his next meal of veni­ the road to the top of the Forest Service produce the vast quantity of wood that son, trout, wild fruit and chocolate. As is open and straight, provided he has enters into the construction and distri­ a matter of fact, he usually doesn’t ride only the ability and the ambition; and bution of the now indispensable Ford but runs afoot with a load of miscel­ beyond, and along the way lie many cars, tractors and trucks. laneous hardware on his back, blisters openings similar to the few cited above. and galls on his feet, Pandora’s box of To the man who brings into the pro­ Of course a man may go to the top troubles on his mind, bacon and cold fession of forestry high ambitions and in the Federal Service without technical beans on bis stomach, wood smoke on his talents above the average, perhaps there training if he has the endurance and lungs, and. finally whenever he comes in is no more encouraging feature than the the native ability, but one thing is cer­ reach of communication, (he Supervisor knowledge of the increasing demand tain, that he must, as he goes through or some irate Forest user is on his neck. which outside fields of public service his career, acquire at least a reasonably are making on the profession for men If he leaves any speck of his anatomy good knowledge of the technical side of exposed there is quite certain to be to fill high positions calling for ability forestry along the way. But few find and character. As a profession, forestry bloodthirsty mosquitoes and woodticks time to do this in the busy press of the on that. Romance goes glimmering and is still in its infancy and the number day’s work. the budding Ranger quits forthwith or of men who have answered its call is In an attempt to define qualifications comparatively small, indeed. A very rapidly seasons into a purveyor of high, for tho various positions in the Forest fine service to a world that needs wood, casual scanning of the lists of those Service it has been pretty well agreed who have been called to other work is water, meat and wool. that it is highly desirable that all men After all, it matters not much whether illuminating. The best known forester in administrative positions enter through in the United States is Governor-elect the beginning forester approaches through the position of District Ranger, that the National Service, through a State of Pennsylvania; another well-known lo­ very few, if any, should become Super­ cally, will represent a Montana district Forest Service, or through some private visors who have not seen service as forest enterprise, he will find his great- est security in a foundation based on the technical training of a school, backed up by the rough practical experience of a ranger job in rough field duty. Even the man who elects to remain with the Forest School in the capacity of a teacher will usually find himself in the brisk competition of men who have done their turn with credit in a real field service that meets problems at their source. For example, every man on the faculty of the Forest School at Montana University, with possibly a single excei>- tion, went through the “rearing pond” of filed work in the Forest Service. To a surprisingly large extent the same is ISss iinmrin1 true in other Forest Schools and the sign is a healthy one for the man who is taking up a forestry course at a G u r l e y L e v e l , T r a n s i t a n d A l i d a d e time when foresters promise to be in good demand. MINI) IXJAFING Out Beyond Sheltering City Life--- “One point of man-mnkiiig or man- breaking Importance is the use of time the surveyor’s work brings out the best and the worst there is in instru­ when riding or on other duties which do ments. For success, there is just one cardinal requirement—absolute not fully occupy the mind. Here is a time and unquestioned dependability. resource which, if reasonably well used, On his isolated work the engineer comes to appreciate that the will equip a man with the kind of ideas instrument which is his inseparable companion is just a little bit more he needs to make things happen as he than so much metal, nicely fitted together. It becomes his faithful wants them to. It is easy to waste this friend, absolutely dependable and deserving of the utter confidence that only a Gurley inspires. resource without even realizing the fact of waste. When one has ridden thirty And this confidence is justified, for Gurley Instruments are built miles the fact of the ride and physical by men who have that same feeling of confidence in their creating weariness makes it easy to believe that a piece of perfect workmanship—optically and mechanically. one has done a good day’s work when Selecting the- right instrument is largely a matter of individual the truth may he that the more important preference. Whenever you are at a point of choosing, wherever you part of the man lias loafed all day.” are, you will want a Gurley Catalog at hand. Roy Headley. W. & L. E. GURLEY Troy, N. Y. ENGINEERING INSTRUMENT MAKERS SINCE 1845

AN APOLOGY. LINES TO A PENCIL. The Forestry Kaimin has twice pub­ "I know not where thou art. lished the poem. “A Ranger’s Joys," of I only know which Mr. Albert R. Ivey of Nevada City, California, is the author, and in both That thou wert 011 my desk. issues we failed to credit the poem to its Peaceful and contented. author. In the last issue of the Forestry A moment back. Kai min the poem was credited to another And as I turned my head forest ranger. This poem has been a To light a pill, favorite with the men in the Forest Serv­ ice and lias been printed several times in Some heartless wretch Forest News letters and District news Went South with thee. bulletins. In some cases it has been I know not who he was, credited to the Forestry Kaimin. which is, 1 Nor shall I investigate. of course, our fault, since we first, copied Perchance ?* it from a Forest Service news letter with­ It may have been out properly crediting its authorship. We The guy I stole thee from.” V print material taken from the news let­ “Six Twenty-Six.” ters and desire to properly credit it. July, 1921. 22 MONTANA STATE U N I V E II S I T Y

A TRUE BEAR STORY. Total darkness, pulse racing and resting in the neighborhood of his ranch. Ranger alternately, temperature down to freezing, R ay and m yself ran across an old bear especially along the spine, hair beginning and two cubs. One of the cubs went up Some months ago a Ranger on the Tar- to assume the perpendicular, vocal organs a tree and we succeeded in capturing it. ghcc killed a bear under very unusual cir­ paralyzed, hunter in same condition only Mr. Alispaw desired very much to make cumstances. Soon after reports of the worse, sense of direction missing entirely. a circus bear of the animal so it was fight reached the District Forester and Dogs squeeze by and rush in a foolhardy, given to him. H e had a strong cage and who, because of the very nature of the headlong manner into sleeping chamber, also some chains left over from the cir­ tale, feared the worst demanded the facts great commotion, yelps, grunts, squeals cus days w hich he utilized in fastening in the case. In response to this demand and sounds of heavy blows striking sofl up the cub. Along in the night of the day the following was submitted: bodies fills the air. the cub was captured the old bear made The “Bear” and Naked Facts. a visit to his place and tore the cage to 10:17 A. M. To delve into the bowels of the earth pieces, broke (he chains hnd took the cub after bear, while exciting and requiring Hunter and I facing north in single file, away with her. Since the cub was car­ no little amount of courage and determi­ total darkness punctuated by sounds of tu­ ried in a gunny sack several miles from nation, is, nevertheless, only a mere inci­ mult coming rapidly from sleeping cham­ where it was captured to his place it is dent in the day's work of a busy ranger. ber: suddenly struck in solar plexus by an w ondered how old bruin made connections. all-impelling, large, black, growling, grunt­ However, it is presumed that the cub sent Extract from “Sunney” Allan’s Diary for ing, clawing, rapidly moving force which out an S. O. S. call by bear radio and got November 5. 1920. caused me to assume a horizontal posture 7 A. M. a good connection. with my head to the south and face up. Supervisor Peck, Routt, N. F. Left my headquarters horseback for trip Hunter meets like fate and the above de­ over my east end. scribed force passes over us followed bv TWO LYNX CAUGHT IN SAME TRAP t) A. M. hounds in hot and noisy pursuit. Pulse Met bear hunter with pack of hounds. doing a shimmie, temperature away below A few days ago w hile in Linwood Fell in with hunter and hounds and con­ par, ice cold perspiration issuing from all Utah, for supplies, Mark Anson, a resi­ tinued on. pores of body, hair standing at attention, dent of that place, requested me to go heart on strike. 9 :30 A. M. with him to Henry’s Fork Creek back of Came across large, black, track of a 10:20 A. M. Linwood and see his catch of furs. On bear. Followed same to mouth of cave Regained reasoning faculties to some ex arriving at the designated place I ob­ lending back into mountain side. tent and guided by instinct we followed served tw o full-grow n lynx cats in the course taken by bear and hounds. Pro­ sam e trap . One w as caught by the left 10 A. M. ceeding in total darkness ran into bear front foot, one toe being between the jaws Entered cave on hands and knees, flash­ stuck in outer chamber and suddenly real­ of the trap and one toe between the jaws light in moutll. howie knife in belt, auto­ izing our opportunity for revenge we pro­ and the spring. The other cat was caught matic grasped firmly in right hand. Pulse ceeded to pass over him in much the same by the right foot and was evidently the normal, temperature normal, heart action manner as he had passed over us. one that sprung the trap. It was quite evi­ good, followed by hunter and bounds in dent by their looks that eacli one had like manner and condition. 10:21 A. M. thought the other responsible for his pre­ Reached mouth of cave and daylight 10:02 A. M. dicament as both of them were badly closely followed by the bear thirsting for Entered long, high, narrow chamber, scratched and torn about the head, but revenge. No improvement in status of just, wide enough to permit me and my were perfectly quiet when we arrived.— pulse, temperature or heart action. Hair brave followers to proceed in single file. News Letter, Ashley Nat’l Forest. still standing at attention but faded. Day­ Followed passage about sixty feet, came light and fresh air soon brought us back to declivity in ceiling which required the to normalcy. One well-aimed shot from TRAPPER BILL all-fours method of procedure again. We my trusty automatic which I found still proceeded thus, equipped as before, pulse grasped firmly in my right hand sent “Trapper” Rill tells this one—He had a little abnormal, temperature rising, bruin to the mat for the count. discovered an animal scent that he wished heart action irregular but strong. to try out so he took a bottle of it in his 11 :30 A. M. 10:10 A. M. pocket and an extra one in his pack on Finished skinning the bear and started Entered second chamber about the size his back and started out over 30 miles of for my headquarters. of first one but a trifle wider. Marked trap line. Along the way he placed a time here in single file. Flashlight be­ 5 P. M. few drops on stumps, logs, etc. Before ginning to show signs of weakening. Arrived at my headquarters. very long he could h ear packs of wolves Sounds of deep breathing and restless Foster Steel, Forest Ranger. Targliee. coming along his trail and on looking back sleep coming from regions to our left; saw forty or fifty of them coming behind dogs becoming unmanageable, showing him. He fell over a log. jumped up and signs of eagerness to proceed and pursue. KEEPER OF THE BILLS FAILED TO thinking they were after the bottle in his Pulse flighty, temperature becoming sub­ KEEP THE BEAR. pack, threw the pack off and looked be­ normal, heart action disgraceful, strong hind to see the wolves tear the pack to impulse to about face and retreat but fear pieces and lick up the scented fluid. The overruled reason and we remained. The May (5 issue of the Saturday Eve­ wolves kept on coming and finally dis­ ning Post contained a circus story about 10:15 A. M. covered that his shirt was full of the Fred Alispaw, keeper of the Sells-Flo to scent (the bottle in the pack had broken Sounds from sleeping chamber to left elephant herd. Mr. Alispaw quit the cir- and stained his shirt) so he tore his shirt becoming more pronounced as though com­ eus business several years ago and took off anil fed il to tbe wolves—still they ing from a conscious and wakeful animal. up a ranch on Fortification Creek near kept coming, and about the time Bill was Flashlight unable to stand the strain ex­ the boundary of the Routt Forest. ready to become the victim of the wolves pires, leaving its dead body in my hands. Recently while looking over some range they jumped on his back and licked it. " lA Z USE FUNSTEN ANIMAL BAIT! You pan increase your fur catch 100% to 500% this Government Hangers find Funsten’s the ONE BAIT season with a few cans of Funsten Animal Bait. tliat always gets results. This wonderful animal lure It’s irresistible! Draws animals long distances to has been in use for 20 years, lias won Highest Awards your traps. 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Read what Gov­ bottles of Coyote Bait. signment of fur shipped to ernment Rangers say: you on the 27th ult , and beg Your baits have given very to inform you in this connec­ good satisfaction in this sec­ tion that the price paid there­ tion of the country, and very for is satisfactory to me. nearly every day I have in­ I am this day sending you quiries from trappers and THE BEST BOOK ON FURS by express another consign­ stockmen for some of this m e n t. EVER WRITTEN! bait, and without exception Animals were successfully they have all claimed that it caught with Funsten Animal 300 pages—packed with priceless is the best coyote bait they bait. Very respectfully, information about furs. have ever used. WALTER FRY. Tells you how to buy, grade, trap, Very truly yours, Ranger in Charge of Sequoia prepare, ship and raise furs. How WM. M. ANDERSON, and General Grant National to conduct a fur farm and make Forest Supervisor. P a rk s . money at it. Old and new methods of famous trappers. Fascinating adventures of old-time traders and trappers. Illustrated by Chas. L. Ship Your Furs to Funston B ull. Get full value—highest grading—top prices—a square deal Send Postpaid for Only $1.25. alwavs. Send for latest price-list. Funsten Bros. & Co. are the world’s largest handlers of raw furs. itFUNSTEN BROS. & CO. 479 FUNSTEN BLDG. ST. IAIUIS, MO. 24 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY HANDY HINTS HANDY HINTS sun. Halfway between that and the mer­ A HANDY CRUISER STICK idian is always due south. (By F. Wehmeyer. Iiallger, Chelan N. F.) When cruising dense Bodgepole Pine Anyone sleeping out will find they get Just plain pitch from a Yellow Pine stands of ties, mine props or smaller sizes, several times the benefit from their blank­ makes a very healing and sanitary dress­ it has been found very convenient to use ing for a cut if gathered clean and placed ets if they roll up in them instead of mak­ ing them up in bed fashion. a short cruiser stick constructed as fol­ upon the wound. This is good for man or beast. lows : A little cold water applied to a pack Take a 1-foot rule and on the back of animal’s back, or a massage of the por­ A spice box makes a good damp proof the beveled edge mark the distances from tion where the pack rested heaviest, will match container for packing in the hills. the left end with an awl or other slmrp do wonders towards preventing a sore tool, blacken with soft lead ]>encil ami When building stoves of rock or concrete back. Saddle blankets should be aired often to prevent souring, and an occasion­ varnish. The proper distances for a 25- for permanent camp grounds, it will more foot reach are as follows: than repay, in added convenience, for the al rinsing in cold water will do them good. Dist. to lie extra work involved if they are built, up D iam . of marked on from a base so that the cooking surface tree stick is about 30 or 32 inches from the ground. A simple diamond hitch can be thrown as follows: Throw the cinclia over the 3 inches 2.83 inches horse’s back, grasp under the animal’s bel­ 5 “ 4.56 A cooking iron made of %-incli steel and 7 “ 6.13 bent in the shape of a hairpin, and of any ly and hook the rope, pulling slightly taught. Fuss the free part up along par­ 3 “ 7.72 length desired, will be a handy arrange­ 11 “ 9.17 ment for the camper going light. This allel with and to the front of the one en­ circling the animal: when on top pass 13 “ 10.54 can be easily packed, as it lays flat on 15 “ 11.86 top of the alforjas. A convenient length under this rope, twice, leaving a small is thirty inches. loop. Through this loop pass a generous If a bole is bored in the right end of the bight of the free end of the line, and cast cru iser stick it can be looped to the wrist, Anyone having trouble keeping leather bight to far side. Tighten up. working the which reduces the danger of loss to a min­ shoe laces tied, try this : make a loop and rope to the center, the slack thus formed imum and leaves the hand free when not pass through the top eyelet, take the op­ makes the lash for the nigh side. Try it. actually measuring trees. posite string and pass through this loop. J. W. Stokes. Minidoka Nat’l Forest. Do this to both sides and tighten. This Here is a good way to climb a telephone pole without the climbing irons: Take a will never slip or come undone, and is easy On another sheet I have made a crude piece of No. 12 wire or hay wire if pos­ to loosen at will. sketch of a fire place which I constructed sible as it is lighter, make a loop around this fall during some cold weather. I the pole leaving about 3 inches slack be­ Oftentimes one has need of a level when have been camping in Montana more or tween pole and wire. Make a few twists trying to level up timbers at some ‘way less for the past 25 years and have never in the wire and make a loop for the foot. back’ point. I have found that for rough seen a fire place in a tent before. In case By placing a small stick on the wire un­ work a bottle can be filled with water, this should be something new, it might der the foot, the wire will not bind the just leaving a bubble of air, which will be of some use to someone caught in like shoe. Wrap the arms around the pole and serve the purpose of a spirit level. In an circumstances. emergency. I helped build a lookout cabin raise up foot in wire. The weight of the To build this fire place first dig a when our principal tools, besides an axe. body will keep this wire from slipping. trench from the inside of the tent about were a rock on a string for plumb bob. This wire climber works fine on poles one foot in depth through to the outside, and a can of tomatoes for a level. We that are too small for climbing irons. and on for a distance of at least six feet. leveled the timbers until the can refused II. E. Flack, Holy Cross Forest Ranger. Cover th e trench w ith flat rocks and to roll when placed upon them, and it is eoough dirt so the wall of the tent is doubtful if anyone not familiar with the Ranger Cook on the Manzano has tried safe. Build a chimney of rocks about four circumstances ever knew the difference, out a proposition with his road and trail feet high and fill in w ith dirt. On the but that we had squares, levels, and signs that promises considerable success. plumb-bobs. Instead of using one post and the back inside build a fire place as you would out­ brace across the cleats on the larger signs side. and place a large flat rock on edge between the fireplace and the tent. This Yarrow makes good material for a above the size of the usual trail sign, he smudge when trying to free a tent or uses two posts, placing them so that each fireplace worked well for me, and I rec­ camp of mosquitos. post touches along the back cleats. He ommend it if it is built properly. Two states that his experiment so far lias men with a shovel and pick can build it Always keep in mind the thought of the shown greater success in keeping the in about three hours. prevailing breezes when building a camp larger signs permanently placed. Possibly Ranger David Bake. Jefferson N. F. fire, in relation to the rest of the camp. some other ranger would care to try out Much inconvenience can be avoided if one this experiment.—Southwestern District. PRACTICAL SUGGESTION remembers that the wind usually travels up a canyon or valley in the day. and DID THIS AD PULL? The substitution of a piece of soft iron down at night. wire of convenient size for the string usu­ “The ladies of the Pecan Street Church ally used to tie the corks to your wnter- I suppose everyone knows how handy a have discarded clothes of all kinds. You bags may save you a lot of inconvenience watch is for a compass. If the correct may call at 44 North Pecan Street and in­ before the summer is over. time is had, point the hour hand at the spect them." —Alamo Lines. — Ranger L. C. Smith, Cache N. F. FORESTRY K AIM IN 25

—i

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“One August afternoon in 1911 I was wards me from ahead, reaching for a mud and water makes him really look ricling southward along an unfamiliar trail little more turf at every terror-inspired larg er. across the east face of tlie mountain which leap. Merciful heaven! What is that I long for my 35 Remington with five lies between Bear Hollow and Herd Hol­ terrifying monster in pursuit! The hair one-ton punches under my forefinger! low, District 2, Cache National Forest. I on my head turns to a covering of ten- W ould I have th e sand to dismount and had been doing some trail work over to­ penny nails, my heart to ice! It flashes tack le him if I had th at gun now? I ward the head of the right-hand fork of upon me that it is a bear! He presents a can’t prove it. Bogan River and was headed for Beatham fearsome sight! He also is reaching for But there he stands as fair a target as Ranger station, some twelve miles distant. all of mother earth that he can gather at could be desired. Only for a few seconds, each leap and he can't be over 10 yards be­ For the past two summers I had bur­ though, after which he turns very slowly hind “Toby!” He is not a clean, re­ dened myself and horse wherever I went, and re-enters the thicket. spectable, gentlemanly appearing bear at with my 35-calibre Remington automatic 1 th in k 1 know ju s t w hat happened. all! lie is covered witu mud and water rifle, in the hopes that I would get a "Toby” ran into the head of the seep from his ears to his tail, and his whole chance shot at a hear. Failing to find or sp rin g w here B ruin was cooling off in appearance denotes cruel intensity of pur­ any use for the weapon I had, just ten th e m ud and w ater, possibly lying half pose to be revenged for some fancied days before, sold it to a sheeplierder over asleep. The big old white dog gave him wrong. I can see all this easily as it is a in the Franklin Basin country. an awful scare suddenly, and like a hu­ scant 75 yards to the bear, and both bear I was alone except for the company of m an th e scare m ade him mad when he and dog are coming their best. I can also “Toby,” my dog, a big, white, short-haired saw it was something much smaller than see utter destruction, annihilation, hell-fire animal, “half and half,” pointer and bull- he was. I guess he figured to give old and damnation staring me in the face, so terrier, of great size, strength, and cour­ “Toby” a heat, and punish him, and the in one one-hundredth of a second (or age, and possessing more character and in­ only thing that changed his mind was see­ thereabouts) I get busy! I am telling telligence than any animal I have ever ing a horsem an, who, w ith the dog. was you, I pick that gray horse up on the curb, seen. leaving the country at too fast a 'Bp to pivot him on the usual “dime with a The trail I was following was narrow make it worth while. Especially on a nickel to spare,” sock in the steel, and in and just under the summit of the main hot August afternoon, and he carrying three jumps I am getting out of him more ridge on my right a short distance, but six inches of tallow on his ribs! speed than the best trial before lias ever was cut off from the ridge by a dense The fun was over for him but not for shown. In fact, he gets to going so good thicket of aspen and mountain willow, be­ me. After debating a few moments, I that I can’t help throwing a glance over yond which stretched a belt of heavy cha­ decided I didn’t want to return over that my shoulder to see whether it will be five parral. Above these was visible the open particular trail, so I turned to my right or ten more jumps before 1 must set. my bare ridge. On my left was a precipitous at right angles and attempted to buck teeth for final destruction. With a warm mountain side. through the thicket and chaparral to the rush of blood to my head and heart, I top of the open ridge, which I could see. I came to a boggy, wet place in the see Mr. Bruin standing stock still in the It didn’t look far, but that distance was trail, and just at this time my horse trail, a good 125 yards to the rear. I pull rich in experiences for me and mine. began to fret and fight the bit as he had up at. once. “Toby” goes by at a highly- After I got into the brush about half­ a habit, of doing when in soft, miry ground. creditable rate of speed for a 90-pounder, w ay I had to resort to cutting my way My dog, with his great mouth open and not deigning to notice me at all. tongue lolling out, had sought the source w ith m y m arking hatchet. It was hot, There Bruin stands, shifting a little on of the seep that muddied, the trail ahead hard work. I was excited and so was my for some distance. Engaged in controll­ his front feet, from side to side, and swing­ horse ,and we were both in a hurry. ing my horse, I was brought to a sense of ing his head. Even now lie’s a good-sized T he horse kept crowding me as I held other things by seeing “Toby” coming to­ bear, and the fact that lie’s covered with him with one hand and chopped with the

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t h e / u f k / h P u l e (? o . ? 1 cm A/A/r//y II - : / z : :::: ^ , A- M . A : A , A , / | S/I , S/2, S/S, S/2 , S/S , S /6 . 1 Saginaw, Mieli. New York Windsor, Ont. FORESTRY KAIMIN 27 other. He stepped on my feet half a dozen times and I finally took time to work him over a bit. This made a liell of a racket in the brush, and I was afraid that the bear might come up there any minute to investigate. In the meantime “Toby” had returned and w as vainly en­ deavoring to find a hiding place in my vest pocket. To cap the climax I finally unwittingly commenced chopping on a big willow that had a hornets’ nest as big as your hat hanging to it. X hadn't seen this—yet. * About three licks, then— W O W!—I got mine! Thirteen times! I counted them that night after reaching Leatham. They stung the horse and the dog, too. Something fierce, I'm telling you! To escape a hero’s death, in a hand- to-hand flight (I almost wrote fight) with a B E A R and then suffer an ignominous death from a massacre by hornets! Well, we all got out in a hurry. How? I don’t know, but we did, and the top of that bald ridge looked awful good. Final­ ly arrived about dark at I .eat ham It. S. after what to date holds the belt as the most exciting and for me “thrilling” ex­ perience of my life.”—Southern Utah For­ est Officer. VELVET JOE: “W hen it comes to complexions and tobacco, any improvem ent on Nature ain’t any improvement.” TlIE CHEMIST: “You’re right, Joe. The sm artest scientists SLOW DEVELOPEMENT OF THE are stum ped when they try to mellow tobacco by artificial methods, instead of natural ageing in the wood.” YOUNG OF THE CAMP ROBBER HERE’S WHY: According to authenticated reports, the Rocky Mountain Jay or Camp Robber URING the slow two years ageing, (Perisorious conodensis capitalis), nests D the fine Kentucky Burley leaf used in Velvet, “ sweats” each Spring and early in April in secluded spots in the Fall. Fermentation, chemists call it. high pine and spruce forests of the Rocky But it’s simply Nature’s way of throw­ Mountains. Orinithologists have always ing off all harsh, bitter properties. T hat’s found it difficult to locate the nest and the reason that. Velvet is better than other smoking tobaccos. There can be eggs of the bird although several collec­ no rawness and bitterness after Nature tions have been completed. On July 21. has worked on the tobacco for two long forest officers of the Medicine Bow Na­ years.. tional Forest in Wyoming found the young 11 costs us a lot of money to let N a lu re do this, but the constantly increasing the aged in the wood smoking tobacco. of this bird, gray, scrawny birds, just be­ Bale of Velvet justifies the expense. ^ J c l l o U ) ing taught to fly among the dense spruce L i g g e t t & M y e b s T o b a c c o Co. forests at an altitude of 10,500 feet. In­ quiry among sheepmen and mountaineers residing at this elevation lias failed to find a person who has previosuly seen the Settle the Canoe Question Now—Buy an “Old Town Canoe” young of this bird because of its well- known habit of secreting its nest and young far from the haunts of man. The

officers secured a good picture of the MANUFACTURED BY(t birds to authenticate their story if neces­ ILDA>L0 TOWN. TOWII MAINE..Ui CANOE Co: sary. The curious feature in connection with the young of the camp robber is that al­ though the young are hatched early, their developement is slow and when robins, This 18-foot “Old Town” Canoe at $55 will serve you season in and season white crowned sparrows and mountain out—fishing, hunting and camping and cruising. It is the usual canoe for finches who nest much later were teach­ forestry work. It has width for a big load, flat floor that makes shallow ing their young to fly. the old camp rob­ draft and true lines that give speed and stability. Four thousand “Old Town Canoes” now ready. Easy to buy from the dealer or factory. bers were also acting as instructors to Read our catalog. It gives the plain facts about canoeing and canoe buying. their young. Send for Catalog. Supervisor Hilton, Medicine Bow. 28 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY

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IT HAPPENED ON THE CHELAN. Dick would land on him with both fists. WILL COYOTES KILE DEER? During this time another fellow had made It was late in October, past the usual about a dozen circles around the bed look­ In reply to your question, whether coy­ ing for a good place to run. fire season, when a fire was reported on otes kill deer or not, I will say, that it Gold Creek. Ranger Dick was sent in Finally the other men began to realize is my opinion, that they kill a great many. with a number of men but the fire was what was happening and they quieted the I also believe that they are a constantly rest of the fellows. The man in the tree on Ranger Fred’s district. Dick went in growing menace to the game in Idaho. I and went to work. Ranger Fred got word came down and wanted to know what the use the word GROWING for the reason trouble was. As soon as Dick was able to and al»o took a few men and went to the that it is rather recently that the coyote convince the gunman that he thought he fire. They arrived about the same time, has shifted his field of operation to the was a bear and had no other reason for and had the fire under control by dark. higher mountains, and it may be expected beating him up, they called the roll and Both parties had taken but little bed­ that this habit will become more general. laid down to finish the night. ding and as there were only six men in While I have not had the opportunity all they decided to make one long bed G. E. M itchell. to stu d y th is subject as much as I would and all sleep together. There was but like, I have had the opportunity to see For Sale. little horse feed and the horses were tied several examples of the methods used by to trees near the camp. About midnight, One Ford car with piston ring. the coyotes in killing deer, and these cases the horses got to fighting which excited Two rear wheels, one front spring; I wrill describe as well as I can. a dream of bears to Ranger Dick. He sat Has no fenders, seat or plank; During the month of March. 1020. while upright in bed and shouted “Bear” as Burns lots of gasolene and is hard to working on the Loehsa river, I found a loudly as he could. One man, clad only in c ra n k ; number of deer, or rather what little re­ underwear, started up a small tree near­ Carburetor busted half way through: mained of them, scattered along the river by. This frightened the dog which ran Engine missing—hits on two; and in tiie bottom of steep gulches, hut across the bed. Dick immediately changed Three years old, four hi the spring; not until the middle of the month, was I his cry to “Bears,” Which came with as Has shock absorbers and everything; absolutely certain it was the work of coy­ rapid regularity as a word on a cracked Radiator busted—sure does leak; otes. phonograph record. Differential dry, you can hear it squeak ; At this time one morning early, I saw One of the men had a gun under his Ten spokes missing, front all bent; two coyotes eating on a deer carcass, on pillow and he was on all fours trying to Top blown off, ain’t worth a cent; Glade creek. Close examination of the locate it. When Dick saw him he changed Got lots of speed, runs like the deuce; carcass, revealed the fact that it was still his shout to “Three of ’em.” and increased Burns either gas or tobacco juice; warm. I backtracked the deer, there be­ the pitch of his voice somewhat and at Tire all off, been run on the rim ; ing some snow on the ground, and found the same time began pounding the man on She’s a darn good Liz for the shape she’s in. the coyotes had run the deer, a very large (he head. Each time the man raised up. L. II. McLean, Forest Ranger. doe in splendid condition, down a ridge. FORESTRY K AIM IN 29 and had turned her off the ridge, down a very steep hillside, partly covered with ice; apparently the deer had lost its foot­ ing. and slid into the gulch. A gain this IT’S NOT WHAT A MAN SAYS winter I saw three coyotes hill two deer. I had noticed the coyotes would follow BUT WHAT HE DOES the river whenever it was cold weather and mush ice formed, and leave it when that puts the dollars in the shippers’ pockets. That’s the main reason why it became warmer. So I decided to inves­ tigate. to find out just what caused this JIM ELLIS change of hunting ground. NEVER HAS ANY TROUBLE HOLDING OLD SHIPPERS. With this in view I started out on the NO BU FFING. NO RIDICULOUS PROMISES. morning of December 1(5, and took up a stand on a high point above the Selway Simply a square deal to shippers throughout the United States, Canada river, about halfway between I’incliot and and Alaska since 1899. Who offers more and keeps his promise? Cascade creeks. I watched several hours, but saw no sign of a coyote. About noon JAS. P. ELLIS a large whitetail doe came out of the tim­ ber 011 the opposite side of the river, and Raw Furs was shortly after followed by a fawn. They watched the river for perhaps twen­ 30-32 MILL STREET MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. ty minutes, and seemed to be very uneasy, Reliable Quotations Sent Free but finally swam across. The river at this point is an eddy, and was covered with mush ice and pancake ice. and it was very hard for the deer to swim. They

often had to bring their front legs up on £j i1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111! 11111 III 11II111111111111i 1111111111111111111111111! 1111 i i11111 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii’- iiim !I iiiiiiim m iim iiiim m top of the ice to break through, but tliev finally made it, and had no sooner landed and got about sixteen feet up on the bank, when two coyotes closed up behind them. J. NEILS LUMBER CO. The deer started running up the trail, the MANUFACTURERS OF doe in the lead, only to be met by another coyote coming from above. The doe fried Northern Pine, Western White Pine, Fir to hurdle this last coyote, but be jumped and caught her by tlie flank and brought and Larch Lumber, Lath her down. The fawn jumped out among the snow covered boulders, lost his foot­ and Mouldings ing and fell, back down, between two .= MILLS AT - -- ■■ .. = boulders, and was literally torn to pieces by the other two coyotes. The whole CASS LAKE, MINN. LIBBY, MONT. KLICKITAT, WASH. thing lasted less than fifteen seconds, from the time the deer landed until they were down. rdllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIill Since then I have seen several examples of the almost human intelligence displayed by coyotes in catching deer. One of their favorite methods seems to be to chase Have Your deer off of a very steep bluff, but from Haw Furs FORESTRY very reliable information I have learned TANNED that more deer are killed on the ice in the for sets, scarfs, coats, K AIM IN caps, gloves, etc. river, than all Other places combined. You pret better furs by —C. K. Hjort. Warden, Kooskia, Idaho. h a v in g th e m c u sto m m ade, besides greater satisfac­ ADVERTISERS tion and pride because you personally trap the furs. THE END OF A PERFECT DAY Your wife, mother, sister or sweetheart will prize a ARE RELIABLE. handsome coat or set made from ftirs you furnish, am) this will reflect your own good Out in the hills beside some stream, taste. Send your furs to Wil­ lard’s and have them made MENTION And under a spreading tree I pitch my camp and linger there which will instiro your getting only first class, guar- [ THE K AIM IN Where nature’s wild and free. anteed workmanship. Our fifty-eight years' standing [ in the fur trade is your assurance of our reliability. I sit with pipe beside the fire FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG gives the latest \ style suggestions and full information, And watch the shadows fall. i Write today for your copy. WHEN I listen to the roosting quail H. WILLARD, SON & CO. And hear the coyotes call. A ! The Old Reliable Fur House IWU Established ISO I YOU DEAL I watch the camp-fire’s leaping flame. n|l“4 South FirstSt., Marshalltown, la. And the dying embers glow. Then knock the ashes from my pipe WITH THEM. And off to bed I go. —A Ranger. 30 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Does A Mountain Lion Scream Mountain lions may scream, again they speaks of, yet I have other endowments I f n e a re r th a n 200 feet to the source, may not, but it would appear that if they which may qualify me as an expert wit­ ■say 50, one would probably describe it as do they would make the Kaibab ring ness, one of which is, I am a “Missourian” a shriek—that is, if one were able to since, opinions of experts notwithstand­ by birth and a Montanan by naturaliza­ speak coherently after hearing it.—ED. ing, there are numerous lions on the Kai­ tion, and with twenty-three years resi­ bab, and, so far as is of record, no one dence therein, I still retain that Missouri who is reliable has ever heard one scream, instinct of “Show Me.” I have been shown The Ayes Have It. although a captured kitten was heard to to my entire satisfaction that at least one make a noise similar to that made by a mountain lion did scream. It was the sum­ (By Will C. Barnes, Asst. Forester, II. house cat. This, of course, is not con­ mer of 1907 on the Kaniksu Forest in S. F. S.) clusive evidence that mountain lions do northern Idaho, while following an old My own experience covers but one in­ not scream, but I have spent most of the and therefore dim section line through a stance in which a mountoin lion uttered past twenty years on the Kaibab and other heavy stand of matured white pine and areas on which lions occur and have never cedar, with an understory of hemlock, that some of the most piercing, awe-inspiring yet heard one scream. It might also be I was suddenly halted (all except my screams that I have ever listened to, ex­ remarked that “Uncle .Tim” Owens never heart and hair) by the most unearthly cept from some of our alley cats here in has heard a lion scream, and he probably scream I had ever heard. This was fol­ Washington. The mountain lion is, of has killed more lions than any other man lowed by a dead silence of a few moments in the United States. duration, in which it seemed that the trees course, the puma, known officially as “fe­ Benjamin Swapp, Ranger, Kaibab National of the forest quivered. This silence was lls concolor” or “felis eotigar.” He is Forest. quickly broken by the second scream, nothing but a great big cat, and why any which indicated it came from a point just m an who h as ever listened to the screams, ahead and on the section line I was fol­ how ls and w ails of the ordinary alley What Say? Ye Colorado Lions. lowing. The underbrush obstructing a cat, especially of the Thomas variety, Yes, the mountain lion does scream, or clear view ahead, I dropped to my knees to me this scream has always sounded- to detect if possible the “Whirring Wim- should doubt that his older and larger rel­ more like the clear clean-cut call of a wo­ pers,” b u t lo, it. w as a she lion w ith tw o ative, the puma or mountain lion, does not man. With the exception of the months kittens and a fresh killed deer. During indulge in the same sort of vocal atroci­ the few seconds I was hesitating to off­ December to February inclusive, I have ties, I am unable to state. In other words, heard them call in every month of the set two and a half chains to the west, I I am thoroughly convinced that the moun­ year, usually in the evening and early actually saw the old mother lion open night. This call can be heard for a dis- her mouth and actually heard a third un­ tain lion does emit screams or cries or stance of several miles when atmospheric earthly scream, and thus my “Missouri. how ls, or w h atever you choose to call conditions are favorable, and is particu­ Show Me” instinct was satisfied. them, exactly as does the alley cat and for larly clear and penetrating when heard Glen A. Sm ith. D-l probably the same general causes. In look­ at close range. One who has ever heard this call and known its source will never ing for authority on this subject, I went tell you that a mountain lion does not He Screams at once to the person whose observations scream, for it automatically quickens your (By Harriman. Forest Service. D-6.) as to the habits of wild animals in Amer­ pulse and advances the spark of alert­ Why this quibble as to whether or not ica are probably the most widely respected ness.—Stephenson. White River. the mountain lion screams? He makes a of any of our present authorities. This noise that’s a cinch, for I have stood with­ is Mr. E. W. Nelson, present chief of the Mountain lions do not scream. For forty in 20 feet of a good healthy specimen in Biological Survey. (Nelson, by the way. years I have led an out-of-doors life in captivity when he “put it across.” You was once a cowman on the same Arizona the foothills and mountains of Colorado; might as well say that a dog does not bark ranges with myself and Potter.) In his always in localities where lions were more as to contend that the cougar is dumb. or less plentiful. I have bunted and killed wonderfully interesting discussion of “The Of course, as to what the sound should Barger North American Mammals,” pub­ lions, have seen them captured alive and be called, there might reasonably be a dif­ packed on horses, but I have never heard lished originally in the National Geograph­ ference of opinion, for the quality of the ical Magazine for November. 19T6. I find a lion scream. I have talked with famous tone varies greatly with the distance from hunters, men who have hunted, captured, under the head of “mountain lion (Felis its source. If you are very near, say with­ cougar),” the following statement: “It and killed lions throughout the mountains in 200 feet you will note a very catlike of the western states, and none of these has a wild screaming cry which is thrill- quality to the call and you would prob­ ingly impressive. * * * In the mountains men claim that they ever heard a lion ably describe it as more of a squall than scream. The high-pitched snarling squall, of A rizona one sum m er a mountain lion a scream. But if you are at some dis­ rapidly passed along a series of ridges sometimes heard in the woods, or in wild tance from the animal, perhaps half a out-of-the-way places, is made by the red high above my cabin at dusk, uttering this mile or more, you miss the catlike quality loud wierd cry popularly supposed to re­ fox. It. is this harsh piercing “squall” of altogether and you very likely would de­ the fox. that nature-fakers and tenderfeet semble the screams of a terrified woman. scribe the call as a scream. Many have As far as I am concerned, this is enough hear and believe to be the scream of a described it as being very like the high for me. The mountain lions do howl. lion.—Boring. San .Tuan N. F. pitched call of a woman. SqunlTor scream or catcall, as you will, They Scream On Ole Kaniksu. but the mountain lion makes a noise, and This interesting discussion appeared last winter in the Weekly News Betters a good healthy one too. such as would While I have not had the forty years of published by and circulated among the make Mr. Boring’s red fox die of high foothill and mountain life experience that forest officers of the various western our worthy friend Loring of the San Juan blood pressure if he should attempt it. districts.—Ed. FORESTRY ICAIMIN 31

RANGERS SELL CHRISTMAS TREES some 60 acres, or on a 30-year rotation, HELIOGRAPH IN PROTECTIVE 1,800 acres on a sustained yield basis. At WORK ON THE SAWTOOTH The Pike, in the Chirstmas-tree busi­ a net return of $50 per acre this would ness, finds that a thousand trees can be add $3,000 per annum to the Pike’s re­ Ranger Allen T. Osborn, Guard Dan cut from Douglas fir stands in Jarr Can­ ceipts. Fifty dollars per acre for thirty Mizer, and Lookout Art. Smith, have yon, along the Sedalia-Decker road, of years’ use of land near Denver may ap­ worked out a scheme which has proved of three to four thousand trees per acre, at pear small—less than the returns if great convenience in keeping in touch with 15 cents apiece, yielding $150 per acre, cleared for grazing. However, watershed the fire situation while in the field. comparable with 50 M feet at $3, and con­ protection and recreation value should be Smitli uses a regulation heliograph set siderably better than 27 cent 3-tie lodge- considered in such comparisons. at the Iron Mountain Lookout- When Os­ pole trees running to the acre. Four sam­ born or Mizer wish to learn if all is well ple acres have been laid out, one as a while, away from phone lines, they sight PLANTING WORK IS SUCCESSFUL check, and the others to be thinned to ap­ in the direction of the lookout over the proximately 8x8 feet, 6 Ms x 61/, feet, and top of a small hand mirror and across the 5x5 feet, respectively, to determine A decade ago the first attempts at re- tip of a limb or piece of brush stuck into whether the thinning will reduce the ro­ forestration were made by the forest ser­ the ground about 15 feet distant, thus tation for tie or saw-timber production, vice in district No. 1, Including Montana throwing a steady flash on the lookout. and if so, how much, and how many trees and northern Idaho. When seen by the observer he lines up should be left for best results. Today, according to reports received by his heliograph on the inquisitive flash The business grew from 200 trees last the office of planting, 27 V-2 per cent of the coming from yonder ridge or knoll and year to 2.000 trees in 1921, cutting over trees planted in the spring of 1909 and begins to flash forth the information most 3 acres of a less dense sapling stand than 42.1 per cent of those planted in the fall likely desired by the operator of the hand that described above and leaving an av­ of the same year, are still alive and grow- mirror. “O K” tells that he has no fires erage of 750 well-spaced trees per acre to ing, despite periods of drought and severe to w orry about. “One-half mile S. E.” grow into ties and saw-logs. The 2 000 forest fires practically every year. The tells that the small fire be is looking for trees brought the Service $300. at a cost first planting was done 10 years ago on lies hidden one-half mile southeast of bis of $130.50, of which $48,12 is chargeable the Deer Lodge, Helena, Madison, Lolo present whereabouts, and so on in endless to the experiment, leaving a net profit of and Missoula forests and more than one- variety. $211.53, or $70.51 per acre. It is estim ated third of the trees then planted are pros­ While it is difficult to hold steady that 30.000 trees are used annually in pering. enough to signal back the precise Morse Denver, and if the Pike can ultimately Of the trees planted in the year of 1914. Code with the hand mirror, yet any pro­ furnish as many as this (including possi­ five years ago. 43.9 per cent are still liv­ tective group can agree upon a few sets ble large orders from Omaha. Kansas City, ing. while the percentage for 1915 is 66.0 of signals, such as a series of dashes for and other prairie cities) it would require per cent, for 1916, 47.3 per cent, and for “Send more help.” or a series of dots for the thinning, at 500 trees per acre, of 1917. 47.2 per cent. “We have the fire under control." A Great Outfitting Store This store with its many completely stocked departments presents every facility for outfitting for field work and affords a convenient center from which to draw supplies as needed. Many of the lines specially advertised in this journal will be found here in regular stock, while we are factory agents for many others. HERE YOU WILL FIND A FULL LINE OF K. & E. DRAUGHTSMEN’S TOOLS ANI) DRAWING MATERIALS, INCLUDING DRAWING INSTRUMENTS FOR TOPOGRAPHIC WORK. HERE YOU WILL FIND EVERYTHING IN THE WAY OF CAMP EQUIPMENT FROM TIN CUPS TO TENTS, CAMP FURNITURE, BEDDING, PORTABLE HOUSES, ETC. HERE YOU WILL FIND GUNS AND REVOLVERS IN ALL MAKES AND MODELS, AMMUNITION AND EVERYTHING ELSE THAT GOES WITH THEM. HERE YOU WILL FIND GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS. HERE YOU WILL FIND RIDING AND PACK SADDLES AND ALL ACCESSORIES. HERE YOU WILL FIND A SPECIALIZED CLOTHING SERVICE FOR THE OUTER; REGULATION FOR­ ESTERS’ SUITS, ALL MANNER OF KHAKI CLOTHING, FLANNEL SHIRTS, SERVICE HATS, ETC. HERE YOU WILL FIND MOUNTAIN BOOTS IN MANY STYLES, PUTTEES, LEGGINGS, AS WELL AS FOOTWEAR OF EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION. In all departments incomparable service, a knowledge of requirements and goods of quality. MlS!■iouiA M ercantile Co. MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY

FORESTRY NOETS The central point of the whole forestry board feet and a t 130 years 220 hoard feet. In the midst of the details of adminis­ program is to prevent forest devastation. Mature virgin timber made up mostly of trative work let us not forget the larger The public has a vital interest in the per­ white pine, larch, cedar, white fir and aspects of the forestry situation. Col. W. petuation of forests that transcends mere hemlock, cu ts from 30.000 to 40,000 hoard T5. Greeley, Chief of Silviculture, gave private property rights. The owner of feet an acre. One 150 year stand on the some graphic facts and arguments at a timber-lands lias a public obligation—- K aniksu fo rest scaled 55,000 board feet meeting of the local section of the Society namely, to prevent forest destruction. an acre, representing an annual growth of of American Foresters held in Albuquer­ This means legislation—preferably by 336 board feet. Many factors tend to re­ que. compelling owners to prevent devastation, duce the an n u al grow th from the possible The stand of all kinds of timber in this states, in the exercise of the police power. or normal growth for the area, such fac­ country—including saw-timber, fuel, pulp- to rs being decay in m ature and over-ma­ wood, posts, etc.— is estimated by exports tu re stands, loss of tim ber killed by bi­ to be eight hundred and forty-five billion The average annual growth of timber sects, incomplete stocking of the area due cul tic feet. in the western white pine region, includ­ to fires and other causes, as well as loss The estimated average annual cut is ing western Montana and northern Idaho, by fires. twenty-three billion cubic feet. is estimated at 240 board feet per acre In the fu tu re the forest service will ap­ The estimated average annual growth of yearly for all species, in a report received praise the value of tim ber on nil coal lands all forests in the United States is eight at the forest service district headquarters situated within the national forests so that billion cubic feet. The mean annual growth of fully it may be included in the selling price of In short, we are cutting our forests stocked pure western white pine stands such areas, according to instructions re­ three times as fast as they grow. We are reaches a maximum at 110 years and the ceived from the secretary of the interior. eating up not only our interest, but our highest current volume increment be­ capital stock at a rate which will destroy tween 60 and 70 years often reaches 1,000 “The loss of so much young growth is a that captial stock in about fifty years. board feet per acre yearly. The current serious matter—more serious even than There a re two hundred million acres of and mean annual growth of the white pine th a t of th e m atu re timber. For young idle cut-over forest land in this country, is considerably greater than that of other growth, or reproduction, is the very foun­ most of which should be producing timber species. dation of California’s timber supply thirty, but isn’t. This desert is being constantly This does not apply, however, to large forty or fifty years hence. Without it— increased by destructive logging and fire. areas of virgin forest under present condi­ and we shall be without it wherever fire DESTRUCTIVE LOGGING AND FIRE! tions : more representative figures for an is permitted to run through our forests— These are the two enemies of forestry entire watershed composed largely of west­ California may easily lose her enviable po­ that must be held in cheek if we are to ern white pine, larch, Douglas fir. etc., in­ sition as a timber-producing state.”— P. J. remove the menace of a timber-famine in dicate that the annual growth per acre at Redington in recent District 5 News Bul­ the coming decades. How? 70 years is 237 board feet, at 110 years 248 letin.

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Manufacturers of Western Pine and Larch Lumber Box Shooks, Lath and Mouldings

| BONNER - - - MONTANA 1

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School of Forestry State University of Montana

COMPLETE FOUR-YEAR COURSES IN FORESTRY FOREST ENGINEERING Leading to the Bachelor of Science Degree

A TWO-YEAR COURSE IN VOCATIONAL FORESTRY A RANGER SCHOOL IN THE WINTER QUARTER

Advantages for investigative and research work for graduate students in Silviculture and Forest Management for the Master’s Degree.

For further information address THE DEAN, SCHOOL OF FORESTRY, STATE UNIVERSITY Missoula, Montana