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Znucalite Cazn11(UO2)(CO3)3(OH)20 • 4H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Znucalite CaZn11(UO2)(CO3)3(OH)20 • 4H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: n.d. Crystals are thin lamellar, to 100 µm, in spherical boxworklike aggregates; forms coatings. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {010}. Hardness = n.d. D(meas.) = 3.01–3.1 D(calc.) = 3.15 Radioactive; may fluoresce intense yellow-green under SW and LW UV. Optical Properties: Translucent. Color: White, pale grayish yellow, yellow. Luster: Silky. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. α = 1.556–1.563 β = 1.600 γ = 1.620–1.621 2V(meas.) = 50◦–60◦ 2V(calc.) = 66.4◦ Cell Data: Space Group: n.d. a = 10.72(1) b = 25.16(1) c = 6.325(4) Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Pˇr´ıbram, Czech Republic. 2.708 (100), 2.728 (90), 6.141 (78), 3.165 (70), 25.1 (62), 2.682 (56), 5.650 (54) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) CO2 8.25 n.d. 8.14 UO3 17.42 18.51 17.64 ZnO 56.75 53.52 55.21 CaO 4.06 3.55 3.46 H2O 15.37 n.d. 15.55 Total 101.85 100.00 (1) Pˇr´ıbram,Czech Republic; by electron microprobe, average of 15 analyses, CO2 and H2O • by thermal analysis; corresponds to Ca1.15Zn11.01(UO2)0.96(CO3)2.97(OH)20.30 3.34H2O. (2) Mas-d’Alary deposit, France; by electron microprobe, average of 17 partial analyses; utilizing • CO2 and H2O from (1), corresponds to Ca1.02Zn10.70(UO2)1.06(CO3)3.06(OH)19.44 4.16H2O. -
Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University
604 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS (Na light) a 1"741, fl 1"746, y 1"755 (all • Ferrous iron was determined by fusion of the mineral in sodium metafluoroborate, following the procedure given by Groves (1951); water by a modified Penfield method, the minera] sample being heated in a silica tube for half an hour by an oxy-coal gas burner, the temperature reached being about 1300 ~ C. The number of metal atoms have been calculated on the basis of 48(0,0H) to the unit cell: Si 7.807, A1 17.163, Fe" 0-706, Ti 0-178, Mg 0.874, Fe" 2-515, Mn 0.015, Ca 0-064, OH 3-510; AI+Fe" 17.869 ; Fe"+Ti &c., 3.646. If Ti and Ca are grouped with Fe", Mg, and Mn, the resultant formula agrees best with that proposed by Juurinen (1956), namely Fe4AllsSisO4,(OH)4. Research School of Physical Sciences, 5[. J. SNELLING. Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. BAEROW (G.) et al., 1912a. Explanation of Sheet 65. Mem. Geol. Surv. Scotland. BARROW(G.), 1912b. Prec. Geol. Assoc., voh 23, p. 274. GROVES (A. W.), 1951. Silicate Analysis. 2nd edn., London. JIIVRI~N (A.), 1956. Ann. Acad. Scient. Fenn., ser. A, vol. 3, no. 47. Serpierite .from the Lake District. SEaP~ERITE, a basic sulphate of copper, zinc, and calcium, was first described in 1881 from the Camareza section of the Laurium mines in Greece; in 1927 Sir Arthur RusselP described a second occurrence at Ross Island, Killarney, Co. Kerry, in Ireland, this being the first and hitherto only known locality in the British Isles. -
Application of Raman and X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopies To
AlessiaCoccato_kaft_v3.pdf 1 10/05/2017 10:03:51 The non-destructive examination of paintings, pigments, and their degradation of examination The non-destructive Application of Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies to Cultural Heritage materials Heritage Cultural to spectroscopies fluorescence and X-ray Raman of Application Application of Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies to Cultural Heritage materials The non-destructive examination of paintings, pigments, and their degradation C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Alessia Coccato Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Archaeology Alessia Coccato Alessia Supervisor Prof. dr. Peter Vandenabeele Department of Archaeology – Ghent University Co-supervisor Prof. dr. Danilo Bersani Department of Physics and Earth Sciences – University of Parma Dean Prof. dr. Marc Boone Rector Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Archaeology 2017 Thanks to my supervisor, Prof. dr. Peter Vandenabeele, for the opportunity and for the support through the years. I do appreciate (now) all the challenges you proposed me, and all the times you had to push me to do more. It hasn’t always been easy, or smooth, but I have made it this far. Thanks for having trusted me. Thanks to Prof. dr. Danilo Bersani, for having first planted the Raman-seed almost 10 years ago, when I first started studying conservation science. Thanks for the feedback, for the scientific cooperations and for the support. Thanks to Prof. dr. Luc Moens, for the kind curiosity on whatever new project I was working on. -
Posnjakite: ~[Cu4(OH)6(H20)O] Octahedral Sheets in Its Structure
Zeitschrift fUr Kristallographie 149, 249~257 (1979) ([I by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1979 Posnjakite: ~[Cu4(OH)6(H20)O] octahedral sheets in its structure M. Mellini and S. Merlino Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrografia and C.N.R., Centro di Studio per la Geologia StrutturaIe e Dinamica dell' Appennino, Pisa, Italy Received: November 27, 1978 Abstract. The crystal structure of posnjakite '(space group Pa, a = 10.578, b = 6.345, c = 7.863 A, {3= 117.98°) was determined by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.05. The structure is characterized by corrugated sheets of distorted copper octahedra with crystal chemical formula ~[CuiOHMH20)O). Sulphate groups are connected to one side of the octahedral sheet by corner sharing. The resultant composite octahedral- tetrahedral layers are connected to each other by hydrogen bonds. The crystal chemical formula ofposnjakite is CU4(S04)(OH)6' H20 with two such units in the unit cell. The relations ofposnjakite with other copper sulphate hydrates are noted and discussed. Introduction Posnjakite was first found in an ore quartz vein of the Nura-Taldinsk tungsten deposit in central Kazachstan by Komkov and Nefedov (1967) who, on the basis of microchemical tests and the supposed paramorphism of the mineral after langite, proposed the chemical formula CU4(S04)(OH)6 . H20; they determined the following unit cell parameters: a = 9.80(5),b = 6.32(5), c = 7.85(5) A, {3= 107(1)° (space group not stated). Posnjakite in association with langite was also found at Borovec (Czechoslovakia) and studied by Miskovsky (1975), who also synthesized it, and by Sekanina (1975) who, on the basis of careful goniometric measures, asserted "that (1) posnjakite crystals are limited by their own faces and they are not paramorphs after langite, (2) that they are tabular on (lOl) and (3) that (231) ist the twin plane". -
A Specific Gravity Index for Minerats
A SPECIFICGRAVITY INDEX FOR MINERATS c. A. MURSKyI ern R. M. THOMPSON, Un'fuersityof Bri.ti,sh Col,umb,in,Voncouver, Canad,a This work was undertaken in order to provide a practical, and as far as possible,a complete list of specific gravities of minerals. An accurate speciflc cravity determination can usually be made quickly and this information when combined with other physical properties commonly leads to rapid mineral identification. Early complete but now outdated specific gravity lists are those of Miers given in his mineralogy textbook (1902),and Spencer(M,i,n. Mag.,2!, pp. 382-865,I}ZZ). A more recent list by Hurlbut (Dana's Manuatr of M,i,neral,ogy,LgE2) is incomplete and others are limited to rock forming minerals,Trdger (Tabel,l,enntr-optischen Best'i,mmungd,er geste,i,nsb.ildend,en M,ineral,e, 1952) and Morey (Encycto- ped,iaof Cherni,cal,Technol,ogy, Vol. 12, 19b4). In his mineral identification tables, smith (rd,entifi,cati,onand. qual,itatioe cherai,cal,anal,ys'i,s of mineral,s,second edition, New york, 19bB) groups minerals on the basis of specificgravity but in each of the twelve groups the minerals are listed in order of decreasinghardness. The present work should not be regarded as an index of all known minerals as the specificgravities of many minerals are unknown or known only approximately and are omitted from the current list. The list, in order of increasing specific gravity, includes all minerals without regard to other physical properties or to chemical composition. The designation I or II after the name indicates that the mineral falls in the classesof minerals describedin Dana Systemof M'ineralogyEdition 7, volume I (Native elements, sulphides, oxides, etc.) or II (Halides, carbonates, etc.) (L944 and 1951). -
Posnjakite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 • H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Posnjakite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 • H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic, pseudohexagonal. Point Group: m. Tabular crystals, pseudohexagonal, to 3 mm; as rich crystalline coatings to massive films, granular. Physical Properties: Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 1.5–3 D(meas.) = 3.32 D(calc.) = 3.35 Optical Properties: Semitransparent. Color: Blue to dark blue. Streak: Pale blue. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: X = pale blue to colorless; Y = blue to dark blue; Z = greenish blue to blue. Absorption: Y Z > X. α = 1.625 β = 1.680 γ = 1.706 2V(meas.) = 57◦ Cell Data: Space Group: Pm. a = 10.578(5) b = 6.345(3) c = 7.863(3) β = 117.98(5)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Nura-Taldy deposits, Kazakhstan. 7.0 (10), 3.46 (8), 2.70 (7), 2.61 (7), 2.41 (7), 2.015 (7), 1.538 (7) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) SO3 17.25 17.02 MgO 0.05 Fe2O3 0.38 CaO 0.34 CuO 65.53 67.66 H2O 16.70 15.32 Total 100.25 100.00 3+ • (1) Festival deposit, Siberia, Russia; corresponds to (Cu3.90Fe0.03)Σ=3.93(S1.03O4)(OH)6 1.5H2O. • (2) Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 H2O. Occurrence: A secondary mineral formed in the oxidized zone of copper-bearing hydrothermal mineral deposits, commonly of post-mine origin; may occur in slags. Association: Brochantite, langite, devilline, serpierite, woodwardite, wroewolfeite, aurichalcite, azurite, malachite, chalcopyrite. Distribution: Numerous minor localities. From the Nura-Taldy tungsten deposits, central Kazakhstan. In England, fine examples from Cornwall, as at the Drakewalls mine, Gunnislake, and the Fowey Consols mine, Tywardreath. -
SERPIERITE Ca(Cu,Zn)4(OH)6(SO4)2·3H2O - the FIRST OCCURENCE in ROMANIA
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 2003, 77-84 SERPIERITE Ca(Cu,Zn)4(OH)6(SO4)2·3H2O - THE FIRST OCCURENCE IN ROMANIA LUMINIŢA ZAHARIA1 ABSTRACT. Serpierite Ca(Cu,Zn)4(OH)6(SO4)2·3H2O occurs as small blue crusts covering millimeter-size gypsum crystals on the ceiling of a small mining gallery in Trestia-Băiţa area, Metaliferi Mountains. X-ray diffraction, optical, and scanning electron microscope with EDX and Raman spectroscopy have been used to identify the mineral. Genetically, serpierite derived from weathering of primary hydrothermal cooper and lead deposits. This is the first reported occurrence of serpierite in Romania. Keywords: Serpierite, hydrothermal, Trestia-Băiţa, Metaliferi Mountains, Romania. INTRODUCTION Serpierite is a hydrated copper calcium sulfate first described in the mines of Laurion (Greece) by Bertrand (1881) (in Sabelli & Zanazzi, 1968). Its first description, including optical properties and crystal morphology, was given by Des Cloizeaux (1881) (in Sabelli & Zanazzi, 1968). Faraone et al. (1967) determined the cell parameters and space group, showing that the mineral belongs to the monoclinic system. They carried out investigation on chemical properties, which leads them to the formula of the serpierite. The crystal analysis of the mineral, presenting its structural features was made by Sabelli & Zanazzi (1968). In Romania, serpierite has been found in a mining gallery that intersects the Cave No. 4 from Runcului Hill. The cave is located in the southeastern part of Trestia-Băiţa metalogenic district, Metaliferi Mountains (Romania), at 455 asl. It is the largest cave in the respective karst area and consists of several rooms linked by small pits and narrow passages. -