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Inventory of Metal Mines and Occurrences Associated with the Early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States II

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Inventory of Metal Mines and Occurrences Associated with the Early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States II U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Inventory of Metal Mines and Occurrences Associated with the early Mesozoic Basins of the Eastern United States II. Occurrence Descriptions and Summary Tables by Gilpin R. Robinson, Jr. and C.M. Sears U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virginia 22092 Open-File Report 92-448 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards (or with the North American Stratigraphic Code). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1992 INVENTORY OF METAL MINES AND OCCURRENCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE EARLY MESOZOIC BASINS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES II. OCCURRENCE DESCRIPTIONS AND SUMMARY TABLES TABLE OF CONTENTS. ............................ 2 I. Abstract................................ 3 II. Introduction ............................... 5 III. Headings in Table 1 ......................... 6 A. Site Number, Site Name ...................... 6 B. County, State, Quadrangle, Latitude, Longitude .......... 7 C. Occurrence Type, Production ................... 7 D. Deposit Types .......................... 8 E. Metal Associations ....................... .10 F. Reference Information. ..................... .10 IV. Discussion ............................. .11 V. References Cited .......................... .13 VI. Occurrence Bibliography ...................... .14 VII. Table 1: Inventory of metal mines and occurrences associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern U. S. ...... .23 A. Section A: Occurrences listed by geographic location ...... .23 B. Section B: Occurrences listed by deposit type* ......... .35 C. Section C: Occurrences listed by type of occurrence and size . .42 D. Section D: Occurrences listed by metal association. ...... .49 E. Section E: References cited in Table 1, Sections A, B, C, and D. .59 VIII. Appendix 1 ............................ .61 A. Section A: Occurrences located north of the Hartford basin, New Hampshire ...................... .67 B. Section B: Occurrences located in the Hartford basin and vicinity, Massachusetts .................... .72 C. Section C: Occurrences located in the Hartford basin and vicinity, Connecticut ..................... .79 D. Section D: Occurrences located in the Newark basin, New Jersey . .99 E. Section E: Occurrences located in the Newark basin and vicinity, Pennsylvania ..................... 110 F. Section F: Occurrences located in the Gettysburg basin and vicinity, Pennsylvania ..................... 147 G. Section G: Occurrences located in the Culpeper basin, Maryland and Virginia ..................... 168 H. Section H: Occurrences located in other areas of Virginia. ... 185 I. Section I: Occurrences located in North Carolina ........ 187 INVENTORY OF METAL MINES AND OCCURRENCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE EARLY MESOZOIC BASINS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES II. OCCURRENCE DESCRIPTIONS AND SUMMARY TABLES Gil pin R. Robinson, Jr. and C. M. Sears Abstract This report is a compilation of information and references on 276 metal mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States. This compilation includes information on all known Mesozoic occurrences of copper, gold, iron, lead, silver, zinc, barite,and fluorite. Detailed and summary information on site location, deposit type, size of occurrence, deposit mineralogy and paragenesis, host rock lithology and age, and metal associations is presented. In general, the deposit types group into three categories, with some overlap. The first category is mineral occurrences associated with igneous intrusions or the thermal aureole bordering igneous intrusions. Deposit types associated with this category include: 1) skarn and skarn/replacement deposits in marble bordering tholeiitic diabase sheets. These deposits contain abundant magnetite and accessory sulfide minerals enriched in Cu, Co, Au, and Ag. 2) hornfels deposits in metamorphosed calcareous siltstone units bordering diabase and late-stage diabase differentiates, mainly ferrogabbro and granophyre bodies. The hornfels is enriched in Cu or Cu and Fe and locally with Au, Mo, Bi, and other trace metals. 3) late-stage igneous segregations and veins within and bordering diabase sheets. The segregations and veins are enriched in Cu and locally in precious and other trace metals. The second category is sediment-hosted, stratabound, and vein type mineralized occurrences associated with the migration of brines within the basins, apparently unrelated to igneous intrusion. Deposits in this category include: 1) sediment-hosted and stratabound/replacement deposits of Cu and/or In. Sandstone-hosted deposits are copper-rich, typically enriched in Ag and sometimes U, and are associated with organic debris. Black mudstone- hosted deposits are Cu- and/or Zn-rich and occur, in general, as stratabound disseminated deposits or stratabound discordant veinlets and replacements. 2) base-metal and/or barite vein and replacement bodies, locally enriched in Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, barite, and fluorite. These deposits are sometimes associated with faults, fractures, or shear zones. The third category is syngenetic mineral occurrences associated with basin sedimentation, such as placer gold deposits in detritus derived by erosion of pre-Mesozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks bordering the basins. Anomalous concentrations of gold and silver occur in many of the listed occurrences, and some of the deposits may be potential precious metal resources. In particular, the resource potential of gold in sulfide- rich portions of magnetite skarn deposits and copper-rich hornfels deposits, and the resource potential of silver in base-metal vein deposits need to be further evaluated. In addition, the resource potential of copper, zinc, and lead in black-mudstone-hosted stratabound dissemenated sulfide deposits may be substantial, based on analogy with similar deposits elsewhere. The few identified instances of black-mudstone-hosted stratabound base-metal occurrences may have significance as indicators of more extensive mineralization in the area. Introduction This report is a summary compilation of information and literature references on metal mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences associated with the early Mesozoic basins of the Eastern United States. A more complete description of the metal occurrences summarized here can be found in Robinson and Sears (in press). The compilation includes information on all known Mesozoic occurrences of copper, gold, iron, lead, silver, zinc, barite, and fluorite, and contains selected entries for arsenic, cobalt, mercury, and molybdenum. Barite and fluorite are included with this set of metal occurrences due to their common association with metallic minerals. Uranium occurrences with no other associated metal have been omitted from the compilation; the three uranium entries are for base-metal occurrences with accessory uranium. This compilation is intended as an aid to regional mineral resource assessment, mineral exploration, and land-use planning. The mineral occurrence locality data and the supplementary information on geologic and geochemical characteristics have been used to classify the occurrences into several ore-deposit-type categories, which are described below. The distribution patterns and geologic features of these deposit types can be used in conjunction with regional mapping, tectonic models, and geophysical and geochemical surveys to help predict favorable areas for mineral exploration. The mineral occurrence information is presented in summary form in Table 1 (sections A, B, C, and D) and in detailed form in Appendix 1. Information in Table 1 and Appendix 1 is given in the categories of : 1. name and location ( county, state, quadrangle, latitude, and longitude) 2. deposit size (occurrence type - mine, prospect, or occurrence; production estimate) 3. deposit type (classification of the deposit according to genesis) 4. host-rock information (lithology, age) 5. metal associations (principal and accessory commodities) 6. reference information. The detailed occurrence descriptions located in Appendix 1 also give, when information is available, historical notes, ore production and ore assay information, deposit mineralogy and paragenesis information, and detailed geologic descriptions of the setting of the occurrences. More detailed descriptions of the headings in Table 1 are given below. More detailed descriptions of the occurrence description headings are given in Appendix 1. Headings in Table 1. Site Number, Site Name Each entry has been assigned a site number in Table 1. The site numbers are arranged, in general, in consecutive ascending order, from north to south and east to west. The most prevalent name of a mine or prospect which was used in reference descriptions or other written records is used in this category. Where multiple names have been given to one mine or prospect site, generally the most recent name has been selected. References which use these names can be found in the references cited section of the summary tables. For prospects and mineral occurrences with no history of a designated name, in many cases a name has been selected from a nearby geographic feature, such as a hill, stream, or town. County, State, Quadrangle, Latitude, Longitude Information in the county, state, quadrangle, latitude, and longitude categories were compiled by locating the mineral occurrence sites on standard 7 */2 minute u. S. Geological Survey
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