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Entomological Impact Assessment for Proposed Cycle Path, Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe, St

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Entomological Impact Assessment for Proposed Cycle Path, Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe, St Entomological Impact Assessment for Proposed Cycle Path, Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe, St. Leonards, East Sussex, Updated, May, 2010 1. Background 1.1 It is proposed to extend the cycle path from Glyne Gap (TQ764079) to the outfall at Bulverhythe (TQ784086. The proposed track will be 3m wide, comparable with the existing track from Bexhill to Glyne Gap. 1.2 For most of the distance it is proposed that it traverses the built-up shingle ridge, which has elements of stable shingle vegetation close to the fence along the railway, which become more extensive around the beach huts and fishing huts at the eastern end by the outfall. 1.3 At the western end close to the tunnel at Glyne Gap there is a low cliff formed from sandy and clay deposits. It is proposed that the route here goes up the cliff ( c. 5m) and then travels along the top of the cliff close to the railway fence. 1.4 Mike Edwards and Peter Hodge were commissioned by East Sussex County Council to undertake a one-day survey in July 2009 to assess the potential impact of the proposed works on the insect fauna of the area. 1.5 This survey was followed by a further one-day survey undertaken on 11 April 2010, in order to assess the likely impacts of the amended route. 2. The survey. 2.1 This was undertaken in good sunny conditions on the 23rd July 2009 and repeated in fairly sunny conditions, although with a cold wind, on 11th April, 2010. The target insect groups were as follows: Mike Edwards; Aculeate Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants); Orthoptera ( Grasshoppers and Crickets); Diptera (selected groups, including hoverflies, robber flies and craneflies). Peter Hodge Coleoptera (beetles) and Heteroptera (bugs). Other insects were recorded as seen, but no directed searches were made for them. 2.2 Insects were recorded by sweep-netting and direct observation as appropriate on both occasions. A series of suction samples were also made on the visit of 11th April. These especially targeted small beetles living in sparsely vegetated habitats, such as are frequent over the proposed route, especially at the cliff end. The species recorded are shown in section 4, with the suction-sample results also shown in a separate table. 2.3 A list of the plants seen was also made as the presence of specific plant species often influences the insect fauna present, this forms section 5. 2.4 During the July 2009 visit the entire site was considered a single unit for the survey species list purposes. The original assessment (section 3), however, deals with it as the two constituent habitat types, shingle and cliff, including cliff-top grassland. In view of the potentially more serious impacts upon the cliff site, the April 2010 survey treated these areas separately. The assessment in Section 3 is updated accordingly in this current report. This change in recording areas is also reflected in the species table of section 4. 2.5 Initially it was proposed that one visit was made to the site in July. This meant that it was not possible to know which Spring species are present. Consequently, an assessment was given for the eastern (cliff) end based on the July visit only. This issue was not as important for the shingle system as it is predominately a summer fauna. The second Spring visit was in accordance with our recommendation in the original report. This visit did cover all the site, but, as expected, the shingle section had very little additional entomological interest. Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe Cycle Track. Insect Impact Assessment , July 2009, updated May 2010. 1 2.6 The cliff section, however, provided a large number of additional species, some of which are extremely important and with potentially severe impact from the proposed works and the establishment of the trackway. 2.7 A total of 156 species were recorded over the two surveys. Of these 12 have conservation statuses. However, one species, Nomada fucata, would not currently be considered as a suitable species for this status. 3. Impact assessment and mitigation suggestions, July 2009 and April 2010. 3.1) July 2009. One species of conservation importance, Sibinia arenariae, was associated with the vegetated shingle only. The weevil Lixus scabricollis is also of interest here. 3.2 The vegetated shingle community is currently under considerable stress for most of the route, being confined to a narrow strip against the railway fence, except at the eastern end. Construction of a hardened cycle way along this section, provided that it follows the outer, seaward edge of the shingle ridge, should help ameliorate the current pressure on the vegetation and its associated fauna. Consequently the impact is regarded as being low. This situation has not changed as a result of the April 2010 survey visit. 3.3. Three species accorded conservation statuses were recorded from the cliff area only, Andrena nitidiuscula, A. pilipes and Nomada fucata. However, the cuckoo bee Nomada fucata should not be so rated. 3.4 The situation at the western end is considered much less favourable for the proposed route as this takes the trackway over both exposed cliff, necessitating considerable re-engineering of the fairly restricted stabilised cliff habitat resource, and along the cliff-top grassland, another restricted resource. 3.5 April, 2010. The spring survey highlighted the importance of the cliff-top grassland and associated grasslands maintained by gradual erosion and slumping of the cliff face. As noted in section 2 above, there were considerably more species of conservation concern associated with the cliff section. These included a number of beetles, predominately weevils, (Catapion curtisi, Longitarsus dorsalis, Cathormiocerus myrmecophilus, Sitona waterhousei, Trachyphloeus aristatus, Trachyphloeus asperatus, Trichosirocalus barnevillei) and the Photo 1. Slowly slumping areas of cliff have very important areas of bare ground and short vegetation associated with them. Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe Cycle Track. Insect Impact Assessment , July 2009, updated May 2010. 2 Photo 2. Many of the beetles associated with this areas are small and live at the base of prostrate plants. Suction-sampling is a very good way of finding such species. BAP priority fly species Bombylius discolor. Of these, only the flea-beetle Longitarsus dorsalis was also found at the shingle section. This beetle is currently increasing in frequency. 3.6 All the other species are closely associated with the sparsely-vegetated areas from the top to the foot of the cliff. These conditions are a natural consequence of the slow erosion of the cliff (photos 1,2). Two of these species are only known in Sussex from the Hastings area Catapion curtisi - Bulverhythe only, and Cathormiocerus myrmecophilus - Bulverhythe and The Country Park and are nationally rare. 3.7 Rapid erosion, such as is occurring in other sections of the cliff area, is generally much less ecologically valuable. Although some bee and wasp species are maintaining nesting populations despite the current rapid loss of material, all these species are also well-represented in the more stable sections, where small-scale earth movements maintain sufficient habitat, but, crucially, also provide essential habitat resources for a wider range of species, plus foraging habitat for the bees and wasps themselves. Such rapid erosion will also have the ultimate effect of removing the cliff altogether. 3.8 Any reduction in the rate of erosion on currently rapidly eroding sections as a consequence of the construction of a cycle/walkway would therefore be a positive outcome. However, loss of gradual erosion processes are likely to have negative outcomes on the habitat quality. Hence there are considerable threats as a result of any action which alters this gradual erosion process, such as routing a cycle path down the cliff, especially if cliff stabilisation procedures are employed in the less actively eroding sections. The actual route of the path is hence of utmost importance. 3.9 Besides actually stopping the creation of small areas of bare and re-vegetating ground, further slowing of the rate of erosion in these areas will encourage the development of scrubby areas and coarser grasslands, such as currently impact generally negatively (through scale effects) on the remaining cliff-top grasslands (photo 3). Small areas of scrubby and ranker vegetation are valuable resources, where these become dominant they are distinctly negative developments. 3.10 These potentially negative effects of the establishment of a cycle/walkway are off-set by the opportunity to improve the overall condition of the cliff-top grasslands. This can be achieved through reduction in the extent of scrub and ranker vegetation as a consequence of greater accessibility through the presence of the new trackway. Any such Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe Cycle Track. Insect Impact Assessment , July 2009, updated May 2010. 3 Photo 3. Much of the cliff-top grassland is rank and heavily invaded by scrub Photo 4. Ease of access and provision of amenity features on the Bexhill section west of the underpass has altered the nature of the grassland dramatically. Such a development on the grassland on the eastern side of the underpass would be highly negative ecologically. Glyne Gap to Bulverhythe Cycle Track. Insect Impact Assessment , July 2009, updated May 2010. 4 mitigation management would need to be carefully planned in order to reduce unwanted consequences for the grasslands. 3.11 The potential for deterioration of the cliff-top grassland can be readily seen on the adjacent cliff-top on the Bexhill side. Here it would appear that the cycle-track has increased and eased access to the cliff-top grassland, which now bears no resemblance to the area under consideration for the survey, being short, and with far fewer plants present and used as a convenient sitting place by visitors (photo 4).
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