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The Role of Exercise in Neuroplasticity

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The Role of Exercise in Neuroplasticity S744 Vol. 49 No. 5 Supplement MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE® G-08 Highlighted Symposium ‑ The Role of underlying mechanisms have yet to be explored. Preliminary evidence suggests that respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) responses elicited during a sad mood induction, as Exercise in Neuroplasticity: Intervention to opposed to a more traditional laboratory stressor, predict symptomatic improvement Manage Stress and Promote Well-Being in currently depressed individuals. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on affective and neurocardiac responses Saturday, June 3, 2017, 9:00 AM ‑ 11:00 AM to a sad film induction. METHODS: Using a within-subjects design, 40 young adults Room: 201 (20.1 ± 1.8 yrs) with (or high symptoms of depression; n=20) and without MDD (n=20) completed a 30-min session of exercise or a sedentary control condition 3460 Chair: Erica M. Taylor, FACSM. Delaware State University, in counterbalanced order on two separate days. After a 15-min recovery period, Dover, DE. neurocardiac function was assessed during a 3-min sad film induction. Pre-ejection (No relationships reported) period (PEP) and RSA measures were derived using impedance cardiography and served as proxies of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively. Affective valence and perceived activation were also assessed at 5-min intervals throughout 3461 Co-Chair: Steven J. Petruzzello, FACSM. University of each session. RESULTS: Individuals with MDD demonstrated more robust RSA Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. withdrawal during the sad film following exercise relative to the control condition, p (No relationships reported) < .05. Importantly, RSA reactivity to the sad film following exercise was similar in individuals with MDD to typical responses among nondepressed control subjects, p > SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 2017 SATURDAY, 3462 June 3 9:10 AM ‑ 9:40 AM .05. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that exercise may serve as a protective factor preceding exposure to stress in individuals at risk for MDD. Future trials Keynote - Integrating Stress, Cognition, and Emotion investigating the antidepressant effect of exercise should aim to establish predictive in Exercise Interventions biomarkers of exercise treatment response. Brandon L. Alderman. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. (No relationships reported) 3465 June 3 10:10 AM ‑ 10:40 AM Keynote - Exercise as a Neurobehavioral Therapy for 3463 June 3 9:40 AM ‑ 9:55 AM Improving Cognitive Control and Attention in Major The Relation of Fitness and Life Stress on the Depressive Disorder Temporal Dynamics of Cognition in Older Adults: Ryan Olson. University of North Texas, Denton, TX. Evidence from the P3 and Lateralized Readiness (No relationships reported) Potentials Christopher J. Brush, Brandon L. Alderman. Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. June 3 10:40 AM ‑ 11:00 AM (No relationships reported) Overall Discussion A large and consistent body of evidence supports a relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive function. Alternatively, it is well known that stress and adverse life events impact brain structure and function, and may produce enduring alterations G-14 Thematic Poster ‑ Biomechanics of in cognition and behavior. It remains unclear, however, whether fitness moderates Prolonged Running the relationship between life stress and cognition. The majority of studies examining the relationship between fitness and cognitive function have relied on behavioral Saturday, June 3, 2017, 9:00 AM ‑ 11:00 AM performance measures, while the influence of fitness on select temporal aspects of Room: 403 information processing remains less well known. Given the considerable variation in age-related cognitive decline, it may be important to investigate the relationship 3492 Chair: Allison H. Gruber. Indiana University Bloomington, of fitness with discrete information processing stages, which may aid in future Bloomington, IN. intervention development. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the (No relationships reported) relationship between aerobic fitness and different stages of information processing in older adults using the P3 and lateralized readiness (LRP) event-related potentials (ERPs). A secondary aim was to determine whether fitness moderates the relationship 3493 Board #1 June 3 9:00 AM ‑ 11:00 AM between stressful life experiences and stimulus evaluation (P3) or motor preparation Effects of a Submaximal 30-Minute Run on Peak Tibial (LRP) processes. METHODS: 48 older adults (aged 40-70 yrs) completed an aerobic Acceleration in Novice Runners fitness test following a cognitive assessment with the recording of ERPs using Max R. Paquette1, Kris Camelio1, Douglas W. Powell1, Allison electroencephalography. P3 and LRP components were elicited by a modified oddball H. Gruber2. 1University of Memphis, Memphis, TN. 2Indiana task and were used to index stimulus evaluation and motor-preparatory cognitive processes. Measures of life stress were collected using the Holmes-Rahe and Cohen University, Bloomington, IN. (Sponsor: D.S. Blaise Williams III, perceived stress scales. RESULTS: Reaction time measures and P3 difference waves FACSM) support previous research indicating differences in stimulus evaluation speed between Email: [email protected] high-fit and low-fit older adults,p s < .05. Higher perceived stress was also associated (No relationships reported) with a reduction in P3 amplitude and a delay in P3 latency, ps < .05, but not moderated by fitness. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that fitness is associated with Peak positive tibial acceleration (PTA) immediately following foot strike during preserved cognitive processing that occurs as early as stimulus evaluation. Future running is greater in runners with a history of tibial stress fracture. PTA does not research may focus on earlier ERP components (e.g., sensory ERPs) to document the increase over the course of a 20min run at lactate threshold pace (i.e., moderate effort) precise temporal relationship between fitness and cognition. in highly trained runners. However, injury incidence in novice runners is higher, which may suggest that novice runners do not have the control strategy to prevent PTA from 3464 June 3 9:55 AM ‑ 10:10 AM increasing over a prolonged run. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a prolonged submaximal run on PTA in novice runners. METHODS: Male (n = 2) and female (n = Effects of Exercise on Neurocardiac Responses to a 8) novice runners (24±5yrs; 1.69±0.12m; 70.7±15.6kg; 24.5±3.8kg/m2) who had been Sad Mood Induction in MDD training for less than two years and ran on average at least 16km per week completed Peter J. Ehmann, Brandon L. Alderman. Rutgers University, New a 30min treadmill run at a self-selected speed equivalent to a rate of perceived exertion Brunswick, NJ. using the Borg scale between 10-13. A 3D accelerometer (480Hz, PCB Piezotronics, (No relationships reported) USA) used to measure PTA immediately following foot strike was attached to the distal anteromedial aspect of the right tibia along its longitudinal axis. Sagittal plane foot contact angle and ankle angle were also computed using 3D motion capture data Chronic exposure to stressful life events is known to increase vulnerability for major (240Hz, Qualisys, Sweden). Data from five consecutive steps were collected after depressive disorder (MDD). Thus, it is critical to identify healthy lifestyle behaviors four (start), 15 (middle) and 30 min (end) of the prolonged run. A one-way repeated and interventions that may decrease stress and help cope with adversity, especially measures ANOVA was used assess a main effect of time on PTA (p ≤ 0.05). Post-hoc among those at high risk for MDD. Previous research has demonstrated that an acute paired t-tests were used to compare mean differences among time points. Cohen’s d bout of exercise can buffer psychological stress, as indicated by improved positive effect sizes were used to assess effect magnitudes. RESULTS: PTA was not different affect and attenuated cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors. However, the among time points (p = 0.87). PTA was unchanged between time points during the effects of acute exercise on a sad mood induction have received less attention and the prolonged run (start: 3.58±1.43g; middle: 3.67±1.09g; end: 3.60±1.47g). Both foot ACSM May 30 – June 3, 2017 Denver, Colorado Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine Vol. 49 No. 5 Supplement S745 contact angle and ankle angle at foot strike were unaffected by the run (p > 0.05). Table 1: Variables of interest at minute one and minute 30 between runners with CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that PTA does not change over the course of previous ITBS and controls (CON) (mean (standard deviation)); d is effect size (ES). submaximal prolonged run in novice runners. This finding is similar to unchanged Time Group ES JUNE 3, 2017 SATURDAY, PTA during a 20min moderately intense run in trained runners. These findings appear to indicate that, independent of running experience, PTA is unaffected by prolonged Min ITBS CON d running. Changes in lower extremity motion and stiffness over prolonged runs of Peak hip adduction (degrees) 1 13.6(3.0) 13.5(2.4) 0.06 different lengths and intensities may alter active shock attenuation mechanisms and 30 14.3(3.7) 13.5(3.4) 0.23 have different impacts on PTA on novice runners. Hip adduction excursion 1 2.7(2.0) 3.5(1.9) 0.43 (degrees) 3494 Board #2 June 3 9:00 AM ‑ 11:00 AM 30 3.8(3.1) 4.5(1.3) 0.32 Lower Extremity Mechanical Energy Distribution Does Pre-heelstrike gluteus medius 1 80.4(19.7) 62.0(28.4) 0.76 Not Change Following A High-intensity Run activation (%MVIC) Michael P. McNally, Margaret E. Raabe, Ajit MW Chaudhari, 30 93.9(36.9) 63.7(25.2) 0.97 FACSM. Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Weight acceptance gluteus 1 96.5(13.3) 74.6(25.6) 1.13 Columbus, OH. medius activation (%MVIC) Email: [email protected] 30 96.4(7.7) 72.2(26.4) 1.42 (No relationships reported) CONCLUSION: Runners with previous ITBS had weak hip abductors but similar Fatigue during running decreases the body’s ability to attenuate shock during impact, peak hip adduction angle to controls.
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