INDIA a spiritual journey

www.incredibleindia.org Tourism Offices in India EAST India Tourism INDORE NORTH India Tourism KOLKATA 3rd Floor, Palika Plaza MTH Compound India Tourism DELHI ‘Embassy’, 4 Shakespeare Sarani Indore 452007 (M.P) India Tourism Kolkata-700 071, West Bengal Tel: 0731 4239940, Fax: 0731 4201893 88 Janpath, New Delhi-110 001 Tel: 033, 2282 1475, Fax: 033-2282 3521 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 011-23320342, 23320005, 23320008 E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism PANAJI Fax: 011-23320109 E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism Communidade Building Church R-Block, Kranti Marg, Square Panaji- 403001, Goa India Tourism JAIPUR Institute of Engineering Building Tel: 0832-2223412, Fax: 0832-2420529 State Hotel, Khasa Kothi, Patna – 800001 E-mail: [email protected] Jaipur-302 001, Rajasthan Tel: 0612-6570640, Fax: 0612 -2506032 India Tourism AURANGABAD Tel: 0141-2372200, Fax: 0141-2372200 E-mail: [email protected] Tourist Reception Centre (1st Floor), E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism BHUBANESWAR MTDC Holiday Resort, Near Goldie India Tourism AGRA Ministry of Tourism, Cinema, Station Road, 191, The Mall Agra 282 001 Paryatan Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Lewis Road Aurangabad-431 005, Maharashtra Tel: 0562-2226378, Fax: 0562-2226368 Tel: 0674-2432203, 2435487 Tel: 0240-2331217, Fax: 0240-2331217 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 2432203, Exnt 23 E-mail: India [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism VARANASI SOUTH 15-B, The Mall Varanasi 221002 India Tourism PORT BLAIR India Tourism CHENNAI Uttar Pradesh VIP Road, 189 2nd Floor, Junglighat, 154, Anna Salai, Chennai-600002, Tel: 0542 2501784, Fax: 0542 2501784 PO Port Blair- 744103 Andaman & Nicobar Islands Tamil Nadu E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 03192-236348, Fax: 03192-233006 Tel: 044-28461459, 28460285 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 044-28460193 NORTH-EAST E-mail: [email protected] WEST India Tourism GUWAHATI India Tourism BANGALORE Assom Paryatan Bhawan, A.K. Azad Rd, India Tourism MUMBAI Paltan Bajar, Guwahati-781 008, Assam 123, M Karve Road, Opp. Churchgate station, KFC Building, 48 Church Street, Bangalore-560 001, Karnataka Tel: 0361-2737554, Fax: 0361-2737553 Mumbai-400 020, Maharashtra E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 022-22033144/5, 22074333/4 Fax: 080-25585417, 080-25583030 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 022-22014496 India Tourism IMPHAL E-mail: [email protected]; India Tourism HYDERABAD Old Lambulane, Jail Road, [email protected] Ground Floor, Balayogi Paryatak Bhavan, Imphal-795 001, Manipur # 6-3-870, Green Lands, Begumpet, Tel: 03852-221131, Fax: 03852-221131 Hyderabad – 500016 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 040- 2340 9199 / 23409399 Fax: 040-23409299 India Tourism SHILLONG E-mail: [email protected] Tirot Singh Sylem Road, Police Bazar Shillong-793001,Meghalaya India Tourism KOCHI Tel: 0364-225632, Fax: 0364-225632 Willingdon Island, Kochi- 682009, Kerala E-mail: [email protected] Jammu & Kashmir Tel: 0484-2669125, Fax: 0484-2668352 E-mail: [email protected] India Tourism NAHARLAGUN C-Sector, Barapani Police Point, Himachal Naharlagun - 791110, Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Tel: 0360-244328 Uttaranchal Arunachal Haryana Pradesh Delhi Sikkim Assam Nagaland Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Meghalaya Manipur

Tripura West Mizoram Bengal Kolkata Madhya Pradesh INDIA Maharashtra Chhattisgarh a spiritual journey Odisha Mumbai

India Tourism Singapore Andhra Pradesh #01-01 United House, 20 Kramat Lane, Singapore 228773 Goa Website: www.incredibleindia.org Email: [email protected]

Karnataka Chennai Andaman & Nicobar

Kerala Tamil Lakshadweep Nadu * Some of the Spiritual Places in India Note: Map Not to Scale INDIA a spiritual journey India is the birthplace of several major world religions, it's a country that not only respects diversity but also exemplifies secular sensibilities. Unsurprisingly, people of varied backgrounds, caste, culture, race and religion co-exist in harmony. What is remarkable about India is its ability to consistently capture the imagination of spirituality-seekers from all corners of the globe. From the sacred Hindu pilgrimage destinations nestled in the snow-capped , where meandering glacial rivers provide a calming sense, to the serenity of Buddhist and quiet of Jain , awe-inspiring Mosques and Muslim shrines and impressive Christian Churches; it stands out as a place like no other in this world. Contents

Hinduism

Char Dham - Hinduism's most 02 02 revered pilgrimage circuit Towns of South India 04

Sikhism 05 Shrines on the Sikh Route 05

Buddhism 07 07 Bodhisatva Bhumi - Buddha’s Land ISLAM

Inspirational Islam 09

09 Christianity Churches of India 11

JAINISM 11 Jewels of 13 Hinduism Char Dham Hinduism's most revered pilgrimage circuit

should you want to stay over and explore the beautiful valleys around it. Kedarnath is very scenically placed and the exquisitely designed temple is an imposing sight, standing in the middle of a wide plateau surrounded by snow covered peaks. Kedarnath is the most remote of the four locations with its stunning views and it still draws more than 100,000 visitors every year. From Rishikesh, the bus journey to Gaurikund, the closest transportation point to Kedarnath takes 12 hours, followed by a 14 km trek that takes about six hours. The stunning views of Mandakini River and the valleys do provide a boost to one’s mental and physical stamina. Luggage, porter service is also available. Alternatively, Kedranath Temple is also accessible by helicopter. Badrinath is the most important of the four destinations and receives the most visitors - as many as 600,000 per season. To get to Joshimath, the closest town to Badrinath, take a bus either from Rishikesh or Haridwar (buses The Char Dham circuit consists of four Mandal Vikas Nigam Tourist Bungalows leave every half an hour from 4am-7am in the pilgrimage places in India that are widely provide accommodations at Yamunotri, Janki mornings). From Joshimath, it takes another revered by most Hindus. They are only open at Chatti, and Hanuman Chatti. If you stay the two-three hours to reach Badrinath by bus or certain times of the year from May-November night at Yamunotri, you'll be able to witness shared jeep. Basic accommodation is available. and May-June is the peak pilgrimage period. the evening "aarti" (a prayer ritual with tealights Although it's not difficult to make your own and hymns). Getting There travel arrangements for a Char Dham yatra, Gangotri is home to the Goddess Ganga there are plenty of packages available as well. and is accessible by car and bus from Rishikesh Air & Road: There are flights connecting Yamunotri’s temple of Goddess Yamuna is – a journey that takes 12 hours. The "aarti" Delhi and Mumbai international airports reached after a five km walk or on ponies from ceremony here is of special note and is as with Jolly Grant airport in Dehradun, the the town of Janki Chatti where pilgrims often impressive as the temple which is on the bank capital of Uttarakhand state. From here, break their journey to take a bath at one of its of the Ganga River. Seventeen km away at it is accessible by car to the holy cities of many hot springs. At Yamunotri, some unique Gaumukh, the actual source of the Ganga, is the Rishikesh (20 min)and Haridwar (45 min). aspects of the prayer rituals include cooking must-see site of the Gaumukh glacier snout – a For more information, online reservations, the raw rice and potatoes in the hot springs big wall of ice 328 feet high and 18 km above travel and hotel bookings, please contact: and made into "prasad" (an offering made to the temple. Guesthouses and GVMN Tourist www.uttarakhandtourism.gov.in a saint or ). Guesthouses and Garhwal Bungalows provide basic accommodation, Holy Cave of Amarnath Amarnath is a 46m high and 28m long cave located near Baltal, nearly 145 km east of Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir in the northernmost part of India. Known for its stunning landscapes, lush and verdant valleys and meandering glacial lakes, the region has earned the moniker "Switzerland of Asia" for its natural beauty. Located at 4,000 m in a Himalayan glacial valley, the cave has four ice formations, which are considered figurines of different Hindu gods. There are also helicopter services to reach the holy cave and you can book online.

Useful tips A health certificate is mandatory and the form can be downloaded from www.shriamarnathjishrine.com/Health%20Certificate%202013.pdf Helicopter service bookings: Baltal to Panjtarni Route www.onlineglobalhelicorp.com; www.himalayanheli.com Pahalgam to Panjtarni Route www.pawanhans.co.in

2 India A Spiritual Journey Haridwar Gateway to God The holy city of Haridwar, which translates to "Gateway of God", is a magnet for Hindu pilgrims from all over the world. The River Ganga, after flowing for 253 km from its source enters the Indo-Gangetic Plains of North India for the first time at Haridwar. Religious festivals are a regular occurrence here and draw huge crowds of spiritual people that include not only Indians, but also foreigners who are curious to learn about the culture. Every 12 years, millions of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists congregate here during the Kumbh Mela to perform ritualistic bathing on the banks of the river Ganga. Some of the attractions not to be missed are Har ki Pauri and Chandi Devi Temple.

Few cities in India can beat the mystical and exotic aura of Varanasi Vaishno Devi Varanasi (also called Banares), located in Lifetime of Blessings Spiritual & Cultural Capital Uttar Pradesh, that has attracted the religious, intellectuals as well as holy Mata Vaishno Devi shrine, is located at a height of men since centuries to its shores 1,585m in a beautiful recess of the Trikuta mountains, washed by the mighty Ganga River. forming a part of the lower Himalayas in Jammu and Regarded as the spiritual and cultural Kashmir. Regarded as one of the holiest Hindu sites, capital of India, it’s the holiest of the the shrine is open round the clock throughout the year seven sacred cities in Hinduism and with peak seasons during the months of March-April Jainism. It’s home to one of Asia’s and September-October. The yatra begins at Katra largest residential universities, the and pilgrims have to trek through a distance of 13 km Banares Hindu University. Lord to reach the shrine. Shelters and cafeterias are set up Buddha gave his first sermon at throughout the route, where pure vegetarian food and Sarnath located near Varanasi. inexpensive accommodation are easily available.

GETTING THERE UTTARAKHAND JAMMU AND KASHMIR Haridwar Amarnath Air: Nearest airport is Dehradun (Jolly Air: Srinagar Airport is connected to Grant) 35 km away. However, the most different Indian cities including Delhi, convenient airport is Delhi (214 km). Mumbai, Jammu and Leh. Daily flights to Rail: Haridwar railway station is well Srinagar from Delhi and Jammu as well connected to all major cities. Tourists as weekly flights from Chandigarh and can take trains from Delhi, Kolkata, Amritsar cities in Punjab. Mumbai and Chennai as well as various Rail: Nearest is Jammu Tawi which is other cities in the country. connected to all major cities. Road: Many bus services ply between Road: Jammu and Srinagar are also Delhi and Haridwar. connected with all Indian cities through Rishikesh Rishikesh an extensive network of buses and taxies. Air: Nearest airport is Jolly Grant, Yoga Capital of the World Vaishno Devi Dehradun (17 km). However, Delhi (224 Air: New Delhi is nearest airport with km), is more convenient. Rishikesh in Uttarakhand state is not just a gateway to daily flights available from Delhi and Rail: There are a few trains between the Hindu shrines in the Himalayas. It is also popular Srinagar to Jammu. These flights connect Rishikesh and Haridwar. with spirituality seekers ever since pop music band Chandigarh and Amritsar on specific the Beatles rocked up at the ashram of the Maharishi Road: Buses ply between Delhi and days of the week. Mahesh Yogi in the late ’60s. Today, it is hailed as Rishikesh; Dehradun and Rishikesh and the "Yoga Capital of the World" as there are scores of Rail: Jammu is directly connected with Haridwar and Rishikesh. ashrams and all kinds of yoga and meditation classes. most major cities in the country. UTTAR PRADESH Most of this action is north of the main town, where the Road: Jammu has Inter State Bus exquisite setting on the fast-flowing Ganga, surrounded Services. Buses leave for Katra every Varanasi by forested hills, is conducive to meditation and mind 10 mins at Jammu between 5.30am to Air: Varanasi's airport is connected by expansion. 8.30pm. Jammu and Kashmir State Road direct flights from major cities including In the evening, the breeze blows down the valley, Transport Corp. runs buses and luxury Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Lucknow, and setting temple bells ringing as sadhus (spiritual men), coaches from the Jammu railway station Khajuraho. pilgrims and tourists prepare for the nightly Ganga to Katra. Private taxis also available Rail: Many choose to travel to Varanasi aarti ceremony. Rishikesh is the epicentre of modern between Jammu and Katra, from Jammu by train which gives a glimpse of local spirituality where you can learn to play the sitar or tabla Airport and Jammu Railway Station. For culture. Travel distance from Varanasi to on your hotel roof; try laughing yoga; practise chanting more info: www.maavaishnodevi.org/ Kolkata is 689 km, 795 km from Delhi and experience crystal healing. In essence, it's OnlineServices/login.aspx and 1,533 km from Mumbai. a holistic destination.

India A Spiritual Journey 3 Hinduism

century temple is decorated with thousands of earthen lamps and special processions of images on elephant back are taken out. Temple Towns Sabarimala is a renowned pilgrim centre atop the rugged hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala. This holy shrine dedicated to Lord Ayyappa nestles 914m above sea level, amid the virgin forest wilderness of the of South India Western Ghats. It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world with an estimated 45-50 million devotees visiting every year.

Tamil Nadu Kanchipuram, also known as Kanjeevaram and Kanchi, is a city of temples with over 108 dedicated to Lord Shiva and 18 to Lord Vishnu, apart from scores of other temples. They are living testimony to the height of Dravidian architecture during the Pallava dynasty from the 4th to the 10th century. As one of the most important spiritual centres of Hinduism, and a major pilgrim destination, Kanchipuram has several medieval temples with spectacular architecture. Kanyakumari is at a unique geographical location at the tip of the southernmost point of the Indian peninsula where three seas converge: Tirupati Temple the Lakshadweep Sea, Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. Here you will find the temple of Goddess Kannyakumari Amman, spectacularly South India’s temple towns are a major tourist located at the edge of the ocean. attraction. They are not just revered destinations for Mahabalipuram is a UNESCO World Heritage Site with rock- cut monolithic monuments that date back to the seventh century. The Hindus the world over, but also renowned for their Mahabalipuram Dance Festival during January-February attracts artists natural splendour, important festivals and historical from all over the country. significance. The most popular and well-known of The Sri Meenakshi Sundareswara Temple in Madurai showcases these destinations are featured here. magnificently sculptured architecture that dates back mostly to the 12th century. The popular 1,000 pillared mandapa (hall) is a most wondrous site. The Madurai ‘float festival’ and ‘Meenakshi Kalyanam’ draws a huge Kerala crowd. Also called the ‘Varanasi of the South,’ this is one of the most The coastal town of Guruvayur is one of the most sacred and important revered pilgrim destinations for Hindus. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this pilgrim centres of Kerala and home to one of the most important Hindu temple is on an island and the scenic beauty is incredible. temples in India ranking fourth largest in the country in terms of the number of devotees who worship there daily. The Sree Temple Andhra Pradesh has within its Chuttambalam (outer enclosure) the tall 33.5m high gold- Lord Venkateshwara’s famous Tirupati Temple is located on the top of plated Dwajasthambam (flag-post). There is also a seven metre high Tirumala Hills. The temple's trust is said to be the richest religious board Dipastambham (pillar of lamps) whose thirteen circular receptacles in the world and is the destination for thousands of pilgrims annually. provide a truly gorgeous spectacle when lit. During festivals the 16th Devotees wait for hours to get even a fleeting view of the deity.

GETTING THERE TAMIL NADU connected directly to Chennai Station. KERALA Kanchipuram Road: Mahabalipuram is well connected to Air: Nearest airport is Chennai International Chennai with both state and private operators Guruvayur Airport, 75 km away from Kanchipuram. running regular bus services. Air: Kochi International Airport Rail: Kanchipuram is connected to Chennai, (Nedumbassery) is 80 km from Guruvayur Madurai Pondicherry, Nagaercoil and Madurai. and the Calicut airport is 100 km away. Road: Many buses are available between Air: Madurai Airport is just 10 km from Rail: Guruvayur railway station is connected Kanchipuram and Chennai. Madurai city and is connected with Mumbai to the Chennai-Mangalore main line at and Chennai. Kanyakumari Thrissur. Rail: Madurai has direct rail connections to Air: Nearest Airport is Trivandrum Road: The national highway passes through major cities of the south such as Bangalore, International Airport, which is at a distance of Kunnamkulam, eight km away from Coimbatore, Kollam, Chennai, etc. 87 km from Kanyakumari. Guruvayur. Road: There are excellent roads connecting Rail: Trivandrum Central is the station Sabarimala Madurai to all parts of South India. nearest to Kanyakumari. Many trains start Air: Trivandrum International Airport located from Kanyakumari for Delhi (Rajdhani Exp), ANDHRA PRADESH 126 km from Sabarimala and Nedumbassery Kolkata (Shalimar Exp), Mumbai (Cape International Airport, Kochi, at a distance Tirupati Mumbai Exp), Chennai (Kanyakumari Exp) of 171 km from Sabarimala, are closest. Air: Tirupati Airport is located at Renigunta, and Bangalore (Bangalore Exp). Pre-paid taxi services are available from both which is about 15 km away from the city. Road: State Transport and private operators airports to Pampa/Pamba, four km away from Regular flights are available from Chennai, ply between various cities in the south and Sabarimala Temple. Hyderabad and Bangalore. Kanyakumari. Rail: Nearest railhead at Chengannur, is 37 Rail: Tirupati Railway Station is connected km from Pamba and is located in the main Mahabalipuram by trains from Delhi (Kerala Exp), Mumbai rail route between Trivandrum and Kottayam. Air: The nearest airport is Chennai (Kanyakumari Exp), Bangalore (Sheshadari Road: Pamba is well connected by Kerala International Airport, which is located 54 km Exp), Chennai (Sapthagiri Exp) and others. Transport buses to Trivandum (126 km), Kochi from Mahabalipuram. Road: State Transport and private operators (171 km), Kottayam (109 km), Chengannur Rail: The nearest rail head is Chengalpattu, run numerous bus services to Tirupati from (93 km)and Changanacherry (98 km). which is 29 km from Mahabalipuram and is various cities in the south.

4 India A Spiritual Journey Shrines on the Sikh Route To the the ‘panch takht’ or five are of special significance. These seats of authority are the places where important religious and social decisions concerning the Sikh community are taken.

The of Amritsar

Travelling the Five Takhts Of the five takhts, two are located outside the state of Punjab - Takht Sri Patna Sahib at Patna in the state of Bihar and Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib at Nanded in Maharashtra. The rest three are in Punjab - Takht at Amritsar, Sri Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur and Sri Damdama Sahib at Talwandi Sabo in Bhatinda district. Travelling the five takhts is not limited to any particular season. The Panj Takht Darshan is a special tourist train for visiting the takhts; it has two departure points - Amritsar and Delhi. Starting from Delhi, the tour runs for six nights/ seven days. It runs for four nights/five days from Amritsar. For more information go to: www.thespiritualjourneys.com/E-Broucher

The Golden Temple of Amritsar () Sri Hemkund Sahib The most important seat of Sikh culture and religion is the Golden Temple in Amritsar – a Sri Hemkund Sahib Himalayan Trek 400 year old city that derives its name from The mountain trek to Sri Hemkund Sahib at 4,572 m, is across one of the most exotic regions the holy Amrit Sarovar (pool of nectar) that of the Himalayas. A popular centre of Sikh pilgrimage, the sacred journey is completed when, surrounds the temple. The gold and white pilgrims take the ishnan (holy bath) in the sacred waters of Hemkund. One can visit the Valley structure of this majestic shrine is located in the of Flowers in the journey to Hemkund Sahib where the mythical ‘flower of the gods’ can be centre of Amritsar and is surrounded by one of seen. It blooms at midnight and once in 14 years! the busiest markets. The shining gold steeple of

India A Spiritual Journey 5 the temple is visible from far off; early morning Temple, while at night it is kept in the Akal Sri Hazur Saheb, was where Gobind on weekends, the temple is less crowded. Also Takht. The 'Guru Ka ' is located near the Singh breathed his last. Situated on the banks of known as the Harmandir or Darbar Sahib, the eastern entrance of the temple and offers food to River Godavari at Nanded in Maharashtra, here two-storied temple structure is built on a 67 sq all visitors. Before entering the temple you have unlike in other Gurudwaras, the Guru Granth ft of marble. The Akal Takht (eternal throne), to cover your head and remove your shoes. Sahib is kept in a room in front of the sanctum the supreme seat of Sikh religious authority, The Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is located from morning till evening and moved to the which was established in 1609 by the sixth Sikh in the village of Talwandi Sabo near Bhatinda. sanctum only for the night. guru, , is located in the Golden It was here that stayed for Takht Sri Patna Sahib in Patna is the Temple complex. This is the oldest of the five nine months and compiled the final edition of birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh where he spent takhts. While the Golden Temple is a place of in 1705. Takht Sri Keshgarh his early childhood. This Takht is considered worship, the takht is a place to discuss secular Sahib is at near Chandigarh, to be the centre from which Sikhism was and political matters. The Akal Takht houses where the order of the ‘’ was founded. propagated in the eastern part of the country. the ancient weapons used by the Sikh warriors. Some of the weapons of Guru Gobind Singh are Historical displays here include a ‘pangura’ During the day time, the Guru Granth Sahib displayed here. Takhat Sachkhand Sri Hazur (cradle), four iron arrows, a sacred sword and a (holy book of the Sikhs) is kept in the Golden Abchalnagar Sahib known popularly as Takht pair of the guru’s sandals.

Takht Sri Hazoor Sahib Sri Keshgarh Sahib

Sri Damdama Sahib Takht Sri Patna Sahib

GETTING THERE Road: Chandigarh is well connected by road; of the country. PUNJAB it is 240 km from Amritsar, 230 km from Road: Patna is well connected by road to Amritsar Dehradhun and 248 km from Delhi the rest of the country; it is 1015 km from Delhi, 1802 km from Mumbai, 535 km from Air: The Rajasansi airport, about 11 km from MAHARASHTRA city centre, is connected by domestic flights to Lucknow and 646 km from Kolkata. Nanded Delhi, Srinagar and Chandigarh. Air: The city’s airport is connected by UTTARAKHAND Rail: Amritsar is connected with major cities flights from major cities such as Mumbai. Hemkund Sahib & Valley of Flowers of India . Aurangabad is the nearest airport. Road: Amritsar is well connected to the rest Air: From Delhi’s international airport there Rail: Nanded is a major railway station of the country; it is 643 km from Agra, 235 are buses, private vehicles and trains to connecting several important cities in India. km from Chandigarh and 435 km from Delhi. Haridwar, 225 km away. Road: Nanded is well connected to the rest of Takht Sri Damdama Sahib is around 160 km Road: From Delhi travel 230 kms to Rishikesh the country; it is 277 km from Aurangabad, from Amritsar. Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib is near and another 250 km drive (12 hours) to the 667 km from Mumbai and 379 km from Chandigarh. base of the footpath to Hemkund and the Nagpur. Valley of Flowers. The path leading to both Chandigarh BIHAR Hemkund and the Valley of Flowers starts from Air: The city’s airport is connected by flights Gobind Ghat (1,828 m) village. Walk or hire Patna from major cities such as Delhi, Chennai and sedan chairs, mules or horses to cover the 12 Mumbai. Air: Kolkata Airport is the nearest international km from the village to Govind Dham. Spend a Rail: Chandigarh is well connected by rail to airport and is well connected to Patna Airport. night at Govind Dham before undertaking six the rest of India. Rail: Patna is well connected by rail to the rest km trek to Hemkund Sahib.

6 India A Spiritual Journey Buddhism Bodhisatva Bhumi Buddha’s Land After Buddha attained enlightenment, he devoted the Useful info remaining 45 years of his life travelling through much of The best time to visit is between northern India spreading his teachings. Two hundred years March to September. Check with the Himachal Pradesh State Tourism Office whether you require an later after his death, Buddhism started gaining popularity Inner Line Permit for any of the places you are going across the world during the reign of Mauryan Emperor Ashoka. to. For more details: www.hptdc.gov.in

According to the Mahaparinirvana , one can attain merit and a noble banks of Falgu River, near the city. There he meditated until he attained by visiting Lumbini (Buddha's birth place), Bodhgaya (where he enlightenment and insight after seven weeks and travelled to Sarnath to gained enlightenment), Sarnath (where he taught) and Kushinagar (where teach Buddhism. he attained ). Retracing the trail of Buddha’s spiritual journey Rajgriha was the capital of the powerful Magadhan kingdom during across India is a pilgrimage that makes the teachings of the ‘enlightened the lifetime of the Buddha. He won over the citizens of Rajagriha with one’ more meaningful. his serenity and grace and converted King Bimbisara of Magadha and countless others to Buddhism. The hills and caves surrounding Rajagriha Mahaparinirvan Express - Buddhist Circuit were home to spiritual teachers, ranging from the materialism of the early The Mahaparinirvan Express, a Buddhist circuit train, stops at all Charavaka School to the metaphysics of Upanishadic philosophers. the prime spots such as Lumbini, , Sarnath, Varanasi, The city of Varanasi is situated along the west bank of the Ganga and Kushinagar. For more details on the express, visit in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is holy to both Hindus http://www.railtourismindia.com and Buddhists. Many spiritual teachers have been attracted to the city’s Some of the highlights of the Buddhist circuit in India include magnetic, inexplicable spiritual power since ancient times. It was here the city of Bodhgaya, the spiritual home of Buddhists. During 500 BC the Buddha converted his first followers and the first members of the Prince Gautama Siddhartha, wandering as a monk, reached the sylvan . Sarnath is located 13 km north-east of Varanasi; it is the deer

Excavated Ruins of Nalanda Maha Vihar

Mahaparinirvana Statue

India A Spiritual Journey 7 park where Gautama Buddha first taught the , and where the Buddhist Sangha (Buddhist community) came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. It was here that Gautama Buddha started teaching about compassion for human beings. He explained the middle way which avoids extremes, the Four Noble Truths, and prescribed the Eight-fold path. The ruins at Sarnath and the art collection in the Archaeological Museum are representations / examples of its glorious past. The archaeological remains are open from sunrise to sunset. Gorakhpur is a city in the eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh and is a famous religious centre to Buddhist, Hindu, Jain and Sikh saints and is named after the medieval saint Gorakshanath. The city is also home to many historic Buddhist sites. At Kushinagar, near the Hiranyavati River, Gautama Buddha attained Parinirvana (or Final Nirvana) after falling ill from eating a meal of a species of mushroom. The site of his death, Kusinara, became one of the four holy places declared by the Buddha (in the Mahaparinibbana Sutta) to be fit places of pilgrimage for the pious, the other three being Kapilavatthu, Buddhagaya and Isipatana. Sravasti, the capital of the ancient kingdom of Kosala, has the honour for sheltering Buddha for 24 rainy seasons in the Jetvana Gardens. The city believed to be founded by the mythological king Sravast, has age- old , majestic monasteries and several temples. Buddha is said to have performed some miracles here. This holy place also has the famous 80 Feet Buddha Statue, Bodhgaya Anand , an offspring of the one, said to have been planted by Buddha’s main disciple. in the world. Dharmasala is well connected by road to Delhi and it is a beautiful way to be introduced to the region which is known for its many ANDHRA PRADESH - Relic Casket Sites temples and pilgrimage sites. Those following the Buddhist Trail will be inspired by a visit to Andhra Pradesh which has almost 150 sites of Buddhist monuments while the Lahaul & Spiti - World of Gompas Hyderabad Museum dedicates an extensive part to the Buddhist heritage The stunning mountain scape and valleys in Himachal Pradesh where section. The most important sites here are Nagarjunakondda and there is a trail of Buddhist gompa (monasteries) that can be followed to Amaravati. Apart from these the sites of Gudivada, Guntupalli, Battiprolu, another cultural world. Visitors can begin from either Shimla or Manali Bavikonda, Ghantasala, Salihundam, Kottur and Jaggayyapeta, referred and proceed on to Lahaul and Spiti. Lahaul’s most famous gompa is the popularly as the ‘relic casket sites,’ comprise numerous relics from the Guru Ghantal on a precipe above the village of Tandi. There are many time of Buddha. The 3rd century BC site close to the River Krishna was wooden idols here as opposed to clay ones elsewhere. Other well known originally built by King Ashoka. On the banks of the Krishna, stands the gompas are Shashur monastery which has gigantic 4.5m tall tangkhas ancient Buddhist monastery of Nagarjunakonda, a renowned centre of (silk embroided religious paintings); the 900-year old Kardang monastery learning in the ancient times. Also close to Visakapatnam on the east on the banks of the Bhaga River is a multi-storeyed structure of four coast is the lesser know site of Bavikonda. temples and Tayul monastery in Satingiri village reputedly has a prayer wheel with the divine power of turning by itself. The Spiti has a district distinctive architecture of mud brick structures and the gompas here resemble rows of box-like buildings like a lay settlement looking like stacked on top of one another against the mountain slopes. Kaza is the heart of the Spiti division with newly built Sakyapa monastery made of modern woodwork and wall paintings. Kaza is the start point for trips to the gompas of Kye and Tangyud. Kye, 7 km from Kaza, is a vibrant centre of Buddhist culture and has over 300 living there. Tangyud is located 4,587 m high and the monastery there is over 500 years old. The next biggest town is Tabo which has Spiti’s oldest monastery over 1,000 years old. Tabo is used as the base for journeys to Dhankar, Lha-lun and the Pin Valley. Dhankar is a fortified looking Sarnath monastery with over 150 monks and contains the life size silver statue of Vajradhara, the Diamond Being. A 2-hour drive away from here is Lha-Lun which has outside its walls four images of Buddha facing each ODISHA - Stupas & Viharas cardinal point. In Spiti’s Pin Valley the only monasteries following the Buddhism flourished in Odisha during the 7th century and it is a showcase Nyingmapa tradition can be found in Kungri and Mud. The latter has for numerous stupas and viharas; recent excavations have reopened new Nyingmapa nunneries, meditation caves and shelters. destinations for pilgrims. Located 90km from Bhubaneshwar and 60 km from Cuttack, the Udaygiri, Lalitgiri and Ratnagiri hills are included now in the Mahaparinirvan Express tour. The Shanti on the bank of the GETTING THERE River Daya at Dhauli Hill is where Emperor Ashoka took to Buddhism, HIMACHAL PRADESH after the Kalinga War. Saddharma Vihar Lalitagiri, is the earliest Buddhist complex here, dating back to 1 century AD. Road: The best way to explore the state Air&Rail: The mountainous terrain and weather makes it difficult to HIMACHAL PRADESH - Buddhist Trail reach by air or train. The nearest international airport is Delhi with Buddha had said that there are only two mistakes one can make along flights to Jubberhati (Shimla), Buntar in Kullul (9 km from Manali) and the road to truth; not going all the way, and not starting. Dharmasala, the Gaggal (Dharamshala). former British hill resort has been described as amongst the enchanting

8 India A Spiritual Journey ISLAM

Old & New Delhi - Moghul Touch While mosques and other brilliant examples of Islamic architecture are found across the Inspirational Islam country, New Delhi, the capital city houses several prominent structures. The largest mosque in India, the Jama-Masjid, the Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auiliya, Emperor Humayun’s Tomb and the Red Fort, located in the old part of the city, are all within a short drive from the city centre. The Qutub Complex, a collection of medieval monuments and recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site includes the 239-feet high Qutub Minar and the Quwwat- ul-Islam mosque, built in the 12th century. A tour of Old Delhi, the walled city built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1648, with the red sandstone Red Fort and the Jama Masjid, is intriguing to say the least. Do catch the sound and lighting show at the Red Fort.

Ajmer - Shrine of the Sufi Saint From Delhi, you can proceed to , 395 km away and known for its famous Pushkar Ajmer Dargah Sharif Camel Fair. Visit the Adhai-Din-Ka-Jhonpra mosque that literally translates into dwelling A growing trend for the believers of the faith on their way of two and half days, possibly due to the fact back from Haj or Umrah, is to combine a stopover tour and that a fair used to be held here for two and a India comes across as the perfect destination. Many have half days. Although, much of the mosque now stands in ruins, the architecture and the Islamic been visiting the country to also visit famous shrines and calligraphy pays homage to its rich past. monuments dedicated to muslim saints. Agra - Taj Mahal & the Red Fort India has the third largest Muslim population Jama Masjid in Delhi, built in the 17th The erstwhile Mughal capital of Agra (204 km in the world including the third largest Shia century is one such iconic structure that was away from New Delhi) and Fatehpur Sikri in population. Famous shrines of Sufi saints such commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, the state of Uttar Pradesh showcase the golden period of Islamic architecture in India. In Agra, as Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer, Nizamuddin who is best known for building the greatest visit the world famous Taj Mahal, built by the Auliya in Delhi and Haji Ali Dargah in Mumbai monument dedicated to love – the Taj Mahal. Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of are some of the most visited destinations, not The Islamic influence in India can be his queen Mumtaz Mahal. only by Indians but also foreign visitors. perceived in the fluidity of the artists’ work that The Red Fort of Agra, a designated Islam found its way to India in the seventh- is sheer poetry carved in stone and marble. The UNESCO World Heritage site, located about century AD, thanks to its position as one of forts, palaces and mosques represent a genre of 2.5km away from the Taj Mahal, bears the most lucrative trade routes and the arrival Islamic architecture that is known as Mughal testimony to the grandeur of the times gone architecture, and forms the mosaic of the of Arab traders and invaders from the Middle by. The red sandstone fort marks the apogee of Muslim spiritual travel. Numerous "Dargahs" East and Central Asia. This influence can be Indo-Muslim art that was heavily influenced by (shrines) dedicated to "Pirs" (saints) are equally seen in the Islamic Mughal architecture that Persian elements. emphasises elements such as domes, arches revered by other religions, proving once again Nicknamed the Baby Taj for its and fine filigree work. that spiritualism has no boundaries and though resemblance to the iconic monument, the the doctrines may be different, in the end they Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daullah dedicated to all meet the "one true spirit."

Haji Ali Dargah

Fatehpur Sikri

India A Spiritual Journey 9 Jama Masjid

Persian nobleman Mirza Ghiyas Beg and a also lies in the ingredients such as mutton, Tombs (a confluence of Persian, Pathan and highly-regarded minister in the Mughal court, is paneer, and rich spices including cardamom Hindu architectural styles), Mecca Masjid (the in fact, a predecessor to the more well-known and saffron. second largest mosque in India), Charminar Taj Mahal. The mausoleum made out of pure Before British rule, Lucknow was the (as ubiquitous to the city as Taj Mahal is to white marble resembles a jewel box, set against epitome of art, culture, music and dance that Agra), the Golconda Fort and the Chowmahalla the backdrop of the Yamuna River. epitomised the life of the Nawabs (kings) of Oudh (princely state). Modern Lucknow Palace Complex among others. Lucknow - has fascinating mausoleums also known as Mumbai - Arabian Sea Tomb Awadhi Dum-Style Cuisine ‘imambaras’: the Rumi Darwaza, Hussainabad Lucknow is also well known for Awadhi (Chota) Imambara, Asafi (Bada) Imambara and Haji Ali Dargah in Mumbai is an iconic cuisine which consists of both vegetarian and Shah Najaf Imambara are some of the landmark landmark that has been immortalised in a non-vegetarian dishes. Greatly influenced by venues. number of Hindi movies. Built out into the Mughal cooking techniques, the cuisine is Arabian Sea, about 460m from the shore, the similar to those of Persia, Kashmir, Punjab and Hyderabad - Qutub Shahi Tombs complex comprises of the tomb of muslim saint, Hyderabad. Awadh gave birth to the dum style The Qutub Shahi and Nizam Shahi rulers Pir Haji Ali Shah Bukhari, as well as a mosque. (cooking over a slow fire). Specialities here of Hyderabad had created one of the most include kebabs, kormas, biryani, kaliya, nahari- beautiful cities in south India. The beautiful Immensely popular among people of all faiths – kulchas, zarda, sheermal, roomali rotis, and Mosques, minarets and forts of this city reflect muslims and non-muslims – this pilgrimage site warqi parathas. The richness of Awadh cuisine a glorious past. They include Qutub Shahi is a nod to the country's inter-religious harmony.

GETTING THERE an important stop on the main train routes. Kolkata, Mumbai, Banglore , Indore and RAJASTHAN Road: Agra is well connected with the rest Varanasi. Ajmer of the country through roads; Delhi 204 km, Road: Connected with all the major cities in Road: Ajmer is well connected to the rest of Gwalior 119 km and Jaipur 232 km away. the country. Rail: Lucknow is on the Delhi-Gorakhpur the country by road. Agra 363 km, Delhi 395 MAHARASHTRA km and Jaipur 132 km away. railway route. Connections can be made from Mumbai Agra and Allahabad. UTTAR PRADESH Air: Mumbai is well connected with all Agra major international cities by air. Nearest ANDHRA PRADESH Air: Agra is connected by air with New Delhi, international airport is Chhatrapati Shivaji Hyderabad Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) and Khajuraho International Airport. Inter-city travel within Air: International and domestic connectivity (Madhya Pradesh). Kheria Airport is 6 km the country via train or road is also extremely is excellent at Rajiv Gandhi International from the city centre. For international arrivals, well-organised. Airport which is 22 km from the city . the most convenient airport is New Delhi’s Road: Hyderabad is well connected to other UTTAR PRADESH Indira Gandhi International Airport. There are major Metros by road. a number of taxi services and coaches plying Lucknow Rail: Train services from all major cities has a the route between New Delhi and Agra. Air: Lucknow’s Amausi Airport is well service to Hyderabad. Rail: Agra Cantonment (Cantt) train station is connected with flights from Delhi, Patna,

10 India A Spiritual Journey Christianity Churches of India Christianity is India’s third largest religion and Christmas time is indeed magical. The yuletide spirit is palpable almost a week before Christmas eve. Churches and cathedrals are decorated with lights; the ubiquitous Christmas tree and decorations adorn even the small road-side shops; midnight masses; melodious carols; are all part of the festivities. For holiday makers, it is great to be in Goa, Kerala, Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, or the north east during Christmas. Goa Although the smallest Indian state, Goa is rich in attractions; central is the 105 km coastline of many pristine beaches, some of the best that India can offer. The most popular being the North Goa triangle formed by the Sinquerim (Aguada), Calangute and Baga beaches forming a seven km sandy arc. Goa also is famous for diversity of Churches, Temples and Mosques. The Churches of Old Goa built in the 16th and 17th centuries stand out.

For example, the Se Cathedral is the largest church in Asia. The church’s 80-metre long aisle and vaulted interior impresses and overwhelms visitors with its sheer grandeur. Christians forms the second largest religious group in Goa and they are predominantly Goan Catholics. After the arrival of the The Santa Cruz Basilica

Portugese in the early 15th century, Goa became the centre of Christian evangelism in the East.

The Basilica of Bom Jesus contains the tomb of St. Francis Xavier. In 1946, it became the first Church of India to be elevated to the status of Minor Basilica. The Church is covered with marble and inlaid with precious stones and paintings depicting the life of St. Francis Xavier. The basilica is one of the best specimens of baroque architecture in India. The Church of St. Cajetan is modelled on the original design of St. Peter's Church in Rome. It is a fine example of Renaissance architecture with its Tuscan exterior and Corinthian columns at its portals.

Kerala The Santa Cruz Basilica is a historic church built by the Portuguese. The church was elevated to a cathedral by Pope Paul IV in 1558 AD. The Basilica of Bom Jesus In 1795 AD, it fell into the hands of the British when they took over Cochin (Kochi) and was demolished. About a hundred years later,

GETTING THERE Rail: Kochi / Ernakulam is connected by rail MEGHALAYA GOA with all major cities in India. Shillong Road: Kochi is connected by road to the rest Air: Dabolim airport of Goa is well Air: Shillong is 33 km from the Umroi of the country; it is 565 km from Bangalore, connected by flight with major cities in India Airport. It is also well connected with 694 km from Chennai and 223 km from as well as some international destinations Dimapur airport 74 km from Tohima and Coimbatore. such as Dubai and Doha. Gopinath Bordoloi Airport in Guwahati 128 Rail: Madgaon, Vasco, Tivim and Karmali WEST BENGAL km away which is well connected to the rest railway stations are well connected by trains Kolkata of India with regular flights. with major cities in India. Air: Kolkata is connected with all the major Rail: Lucknow is on the Delhi-Gorakhpur Road: Goa is connected to the rest of the cities in India. railway route. Connections can be made from country by road; it is 594 km from Mumbai Rail: Howrah and Sealdah, the two main Agra and Allahabad. Dimapur is nearest rail and 458 km from Pune. railway stations in Kolkata, are connected by station with direct rail connections to Delhi, KERALA rail with all major cities in India. Kolkata, Guwahati, and Chennai. Kochi Road: Kolkata is connected by road to the rest Road: Connected with all the major cities Air: Kochi is connected by flight with major of the country; it is 2,060 km from Mumbai in the country. National highway connects cities in India. and 1,490 km from Delhi. Dimapur with Kohima, 73.7 km away.

India A Spiritual Journey 11 Christianity

Bishop Dom Gomez Ferreira commissioned a new building at the same site. The Church was proclaimed a Basilica in 1984 by Pope John Paul II. Dedicated to St Thomas, Malayattoor Church has a life size statue of St Thomas and the imprint of the feet of the Apostle on a rock. The St. Peter's and St. Paul's Orthodox Church, situated on the banks of the river Pamba in Mallapally attracts many pilgrims. The Church contains the tomb of Saint Geevarghese Mar Gregorios, the only declared saint of Malankara (the Church of the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala). The St. George's Forane Church at Edappally was founded in 593 AD and is considered to be one of oldest churches in Kerala.

Meghalaya The state has some of the most beautiful churches in the north east. The All Saints Velankanni Church Church, colonial in architecture, was originally built during the British days. It was destroyed in an earthquake and rebuilt in 1902. The wooden The St. George's Cathedral Church is 1787 built St. John’s Church, also known as structure is grand and the Church still holds an architectural wonder and the nearby the ‘pathure girja’ because of its stone built, well-attended Sunday masses. The Shillong graveyard is a major attraction. The 120 years is another important landmark. St. Andrew’s Cathedral was built by the Germans in 1913. old CSI Holy Cross Church, about 25 mins Church is the only Scottish church of Kolkata. The inside of the Cathedral has terracotta work. from Chennai is also a popular destination. One of the indelible legacies of It also contains the tomb of the first Archbishop DELHI Christianity in India, beyond the beautiful of Shillong. The Cathedral Church of the Redemption India churches, has been left in fields of education, NAGALAND is near Connaught Place, one of New Delhi’s social service and healthcare. Some of the Kohima is famous for the Catholic Cathedral, prominent commercial areas. The Cathedral of best schools, colleges, medical institutes the biggest Cathedral in the north eastern the Sacred Heart covering an area of 14 acres and philanthropic institutes were established region of India. Consecrated in 1991, it is an is beautiful with its green lawns and gardens. and is run by Christian organisations. These architectural beauty with a facade shaped Another very popular Church that is the Central institutes, which have been part of India, like a traditional Naga (local people) house, Baptist Church, which built in 18th century some for over a century, are worth visiting on a semicircular gallery of pews and a specially AD, is oldest Christina Church in an Indian tour. designed transparent roof allowing day light to north India. St. James Church was built on The of Charity, a Roman filter in. the orders of Colonel James Skinner and was Catholic religious organisation, was known previously as the Skinner’s Church. established in Kolkata, West Bengal, by Tamil Nadu Mother Teresa, to care for the less fortunate The Velankanni Church on the Bessie Beach WEST BENGAL in society. A world body, with houses almost in Chennai, attracts tourists who come to pray The 1799 built Portuguese Church in Kolkata in all countries, this institute embodies for the health and happiness of their family. is attended by Catholic Christian’s of Kolkata. Christianity in all its loving, forgiving and The San Thome Cathedral Basilica, is named The oldest church in Kolkata, the Armenian compassionate self. A visit here is no less after St Thomas, the patron saint, who came to Church, dates back to 1724. The Protestant spiritual than a church. There are nine homes Chennai (erstwhile Madras) in 52 AD. About Mission Church dates back to 1770 and is in Kolkata and you can volunteer on a short- 6 hrs journey from Chennai, the Poondi the second oldest church in this region. The or long-term basis at any one of them. Madha Basilica near Thanjavur, is considered a centre of Roman Catholic Pilgrimage.

For whole generations of Indians studying in missionary schools of Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, in the north-east and other parts of the country, Christmas is: ordering the plum cakes at the nearest bakery or local shop; bringing home the Christmas tree and the silver and golden stars and balls; meeting Santa in the markets and malls decked in festive lights; the sound of carols from the church; listening to Dashing Through the Snow and Silent Night; and of course the week-long Christmas vacation. Se Cathedral

12 India A Spiritual Journey JAINISM Jewels of Jainism Jainism prescribes pacifism and a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Practicing Jains follow the teachings of the 24 special ‘jinas,’ who are known as . Jain temples are usually known as Derasar or Mandir. A majority of them are built from marble and are exquisite works of art. Found across India, some of them date back to ancient times and are highly revered pilgrimage destinations for Jains. Dilwara Temple

Just to name a few: Arthuna Temple, Deogarth, The five legendary marble temples of of 900 years, from the 11th century onwards. Dilwara Temple, Makavirji, Nakoda, Osiyan Jain Dilwara are about 2.5 km from Mt Abu, The top is reached by climbing 3,572 steps, a Temple, , , Rikhabdev and Rajasthan’s only hill station. They are world two hour ascent. Shravanbelagola. Following are some of the famous for their stunning use of marble. The The Ranakpur Temple in Rajasthan is most important shrines that Jains aim to travel to. ornamental detail spreading over the minutely dedicated to Adinatha; it rises majestically The monolithic statue of the Jain saint carved ceilings, doorways, pillars and panels from the slope of a hill. The temple is Gomateshwara stands on a hill in the city of is simply amazing. Each temple has its own supported by over 1444 marble pillars, the in Karnataka. Carved out of a unique identity and was built by the Chalukya detailed carving on which is exemplary of the mountain it is one of the tallest at 17.38 metres dynasty between the 11th and 13th centuries. artistic talent prevalent in that era. The pillars (58 ft) high and graceful looking statues in the The 863 Palitana temples at Gujarat are are all differently carved and no two pillars are world. It was created around 983 AD. Once in considered the most sacred of all the Jain the same. The construction of the temple and 12 years the festival is temples. Located on sacred Mount , quadrupled image symbolise the ’s held and the statue of Gomateshwara is bathed they are exquisitely carved in marble. They conquest of the four cardinal directions and in milk, curds, ghee, saffron and gold coins. were built by generations of Jains over a period hence the cosmos. The dating of this temple is controversial but it was probably built between the late 14th and mid-15th centuries. GETTING THERE RAJASTHAN KARNATAKA Ranakpur Shravanabelagola Air: The nearest airport is Maharana Pratap Air: The nearest airport is Bangalore and is Airport at Dabok, Udaipur, which is situated connected with major cities in India. at a distance of about 105 km. Rail: Nearest railhead is Hassan connected Rail: The nearest railway station is Falna, by rail with major cities and towns in the which is about 35km away from Ranakpur. country. Falna is well connected by trains from all the Road: Shravanabelagola is well connected major cities of the country. by roads; it is 52 km from Hassan, 170 km Road: Ranakpur is ideally situated between from Bangalore and 83 km from Mysore. Udaipur and Jodhpur being just 90km away from Udaipur. RAJASTHAN GUJARAT Air: The nearest and most convenient Palitana airports are at Udaipur (185 km) and Air: ’s airport is connected by Ahmedabad (222 km). flights from major cities in India. Rail: The nearest railhead is Abu Road (29 Rail: Palitana is on a rail branch line, with km), linked with Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jaipur, trains available to Bhavnagar, Ahmedabad Jodhpur, Mumbai, etc. and intermediate points. Road: Mt Abu is well connected with Road: Palitana is well connected by roads; roads; it is 735 km from Agra, 222 km from it is 56 km from Bhavnagar, 215 km from Ahmedabad, 764 km from Delhi and 510 Ahmedabad , 295 km from Mumbai and 403 km from Jaipur. km from Pune. Shravanabelagola Useful Information

Climate: A tropical country; varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north.

National Languages: Hindi. However, English is spoken and understood largely throughout the country.

Major Religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism

Time Zone: Indian Standard Time (IST) is 5.5 hours (5 hours and 30 minutes) ahead of GMT.

Currency: Rupee (One ₹ = 100 paise)

PASSPORT & VISA India Tourism Offices Overseas All foreigners entering India must have a visa. Citizens of Finland, Japan, The Ministry of Tourism has five Regional Overseas offices located Luxembourg, New Zealand, Singapore, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, at Sydney, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Dubai and New York headed by Laos and Myanmar are eligible for 'Tourist Visa on Arrival' valid for 30 Regional Directors. There are eight sub-regional offices located days. The policy, acts and rules relating to entry of foreigners into India at Amsterdam, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Milan, Paris, are framed by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of Singapore and Toronto. The main function of these offices is India (http://mha.nic.in). Visa regime is implemented abroad by Indian to promote India as a multi-product, year round destination in missions and posts and in India by Foreigners Regional Registration all the important source markets. Details of these offices are at: Offices (FRROs), home departments & district administrators in the http://tourism.gov.in/aboutus/tourismofficeoverseas.aspx states besides immigration posts. For detailed information log on to: http://www.passportindia.gov.in/AppOnlineProject/welcomeLink To have complete list of state tourism websites: http://www.incredibleindia.org/states-tourism-website For more information as well as useful links related to India External Affairs such as India Embassies, government bodies, please log on to: Tourism Officer’s Telephone Directory: http://www.mea.gov.in/more-links.htm http://tourism.gov.in/writereaddata/Uploaded/Event/061020130452548.pdf

Travel Tips • India has a warm climate, except the Himalayan range, so carry • Tourists for Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and some part of cotton clothes. Kashmir must procure Special Restricted Area tour permits that are • Always carry photocopies of your passport, travel visa, airline issued by authorized Indian Tourist Offices. tickets and necessary documents. Keep contact number of ambulance, local police station, embassy etc with you. • Carry insect repellents, sunglasses, sunscreens and a hat.

• Drink mineral water. Indian food is spicy; so savour it after • Do not venture out on your own in desolate areas after dark. acclimatising to the country. • Get vaccines for typhoid, malaria, hepatitis and tetanus. • Carry necessary medication and prescriptions. • Never leave luggage unattended. • Do your travel and medical insurance. • Credit cards and Indian Rupee (exchanged at registered • Go through authorised travel agents. exchangers), USD (in government or branded stores) can be used. • Research your travel before coming. ATMs abound so do not carry much cash. • Most Indian banks (nationalised) function from Monday to Friday • Good to have a basic knowledge of Hindi. Check: from 1000 hours to 1730 hours. Private Banks have longer hours. http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/saying-it-in-hindi.html • In places of worship, cover your head, and open your shoe at the • STD Codes: entrance or as required by that particular place. http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/std-codes.html • Do not encourage beggars. Take no advice from members of opposite sex. • For more on road, rail and air: • Dress modestly and avoid skimpy clothes. http://www.holidayindiatour.com/essentials/indian-transportation.html

India Tourism Singapore #01-01 United House, 20 Kramat Lane, Singapore 228773 Website: www.incredibleindia.org Email: [email protected]