Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development
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HOUSE OF COMMONS CANADA NORTHERNERS’ PERSPECTIVES FOR PROSPERITY Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Bruce Stanton, MP Chair DECEMBER 2010 40th PARLIAMENT, 3rd SESSION Published under the authority of the Speaker of the House of Commons SPEAKER’S PERMISSION Reproduction of the proceedings of the House of Commons and its Committees, in whole or in part and in any medium, is hereby permitted provided that the reproduction is accurate and is not presented as official. This permission does not extend to reproduction, distribution or use for commercial purpose of financial gain. Reproduction or use outside this permission or without authorization may be treated as copyright infringement in accordance with the Copyright Act. Authorization may be obtained on written application to the Office of the Speaker of the House of Commons. 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Additional copies may be obtained from: Publishing and Depository Services Public Works and Government Services Canada Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0S5 Telephone: 613-941-5995 or 1-800-635-7943 Fax: 613-954-5779 or 1-800-565-7757 [email protected] http://publications.gc.ca Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca NORTHERNERS’ PERSPECTIVES FOR PROSPERITY Report of the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Bruce Stanton, MP Chair DECEMBER 2010 40th PARLIAMENT, 3rd SESSION STANDING COMMITTEE ON ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT CHAIR Bruce Stanton VICE-CHAIRS Todd Norman Russell Jean Crowder MEMBERS Hon. Larry Bagnell Yvon Lévesque Rob Clarke Hon. Anita Neville Earl Dreeshen LaVar Payne Shelly Glover John Weston Marc Lemay OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT WHO PARTICIPATED Harold Albrecht Roger Gaudet Hon. Mauril Bélanger Carol Hughes Dennis Bevington Hon. Keith Martin Hon. John Duncan Greg Rickford CLERK OF THE COMMITTEE Graeme Truelove LIBRARY OF PARLIAMENT Parliamentary Information and Research Service James Gauthier, Analyst iii THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT has the honour to present its THIRD REPORT Pursuant to its mandate under Standing Order 108(2), and the motion adopted by the Committee on Thursday, March 25, 2010, the Committee has studied Northern Territories Economic Development: Barriers and Solutions and has agreed to report the following: v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAIR’S FOREWORD ................................................................................................... XI 1. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Land and People ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Key Industry Sectors .......................................................................................... 1 Yukon ................................................................................................................... 3 Northwest Territories ............................................................................................ 4 Nunavut ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Barriers to Economic Development ................................................................... 5 2. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORIES ...................... 9 3. CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Jurisdiction ....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Definitions of “The North” ................................................................................. 13 3.3 Items Beyond Scope of Report .......................................................................... 14 4. GENERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................................................................ 17 Co-Management ...................................................................................................... 18 CED Program Funding Arrangements ..................................................................... 19 Access to Capital ..................................................................................................... 21 Summary of General Economic Development and Key Recommendation .............. 22 5. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................... 25 5.1 Transportation and Community Infrastructure ........................................... 25 5.1.1 Long-Term, Equitable Funding Arrangements .......................................... 25 5.1.2 Public-Private Partnerships ....................................................................... 27 5.2 Power Generation and Renewable Energy ............................................... 29 5.2.1 Connecting Power Grids ........................................................................... 31 5.2.2 Independent Power Generation ................................................................ 33 5.3 Climate Change Impact on Infrastructure .................................................. 35 5.4 Telecommunications Infrastructure ........................................................... 37 6. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES ........................... 41 6.1 Education and Training for Northern Aboriginal Persons .......................... 41 6.2 Labour Market Performance for Northern Aboriginal Persons................... 43 vii 6.3 Types of Aboriginal Employment in the Northern Territories ..................... 45 6.3.1 Aboriginal Wage Economy ........................................................................ 45 6.3.2 Traditional Aboriginal Practices ................................................................. 46 6.4 Approaches to Enhance Aboriginal Labour Market Outcomes and Support Traditional Activities ..................................................................... 47 6.4.1. Coordinated education and training strategy ............................................ 48 6.4.2. Engagement by Aboriginal Students ........................................................ 50 6.4.3. Facilitating access to post-secondary education and training ................... 56 6.4.4. Training for business start-ups ................................................................. 58 6.4.5. Effective communication practices ........................................................... 58 7. LIVING STANDARDS ............................................................................................... 61 7.1 Health and Cost of Living .......................................................................... 61 7.1.1 Housing ..................................................................................................... 62 7.2 Cost of Living ................................................................................................... 66 7.2.1 Northern Residents Tax Deduction ........................................................... 67 7.2.2 Nutrition North Canada Program ............................................................... 70 8. GOVERNANCE ......................................................................................................... 73 8.1 Comprehensive Land Claims and Self-Government Agreements ............. 73 8.1.1 Establishment Issues ................................................................................ 73 8.1.2. Implementation Issues .............................................................................. 80 8.1.3 Impact Benefit Agreements (IBAs) ............................................................ 82 8.1.4 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms ............................................................... 83 8.1.5 Procurement in the North .......................................................................... 85 8.2 Overview of Regulatory Regimes in the North .......................................... 87 Yukon ................................................................................................................. 89 NWT .................................................................................................................. 90 Nunavut .............................................................................................................. 92 8.2.1 Regulatory Process ................................................................................... 93 8.2.1.1 Completion of Land Use Plans ...................................................... 94 8.2.1.2 Amalgamation