THE NATIONAL CATHOLIC WEEKLY MARCH 1, 2010 $3.50

HAITI’S PASSION MARGARITA A. MOONEY TERRENCE DEMPSEY OF MANY THINGS

PUBLISHED BY JESUITS OF THE UNITED STATES have some exciting news to share: fingers crossed) “phases.” As he My nephew is getting married. matured, he moved from Thomas the EDITOR IN CHIEF Drew Christiansen, S.J. I Matthew made his announcement Tank Engine to dinosaurs to “Star around Christmas, and since then he Wars” to Legos to James Bond and, cur- EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT hasn’t stopped talking about his upcom- rently, video games. And while I don’t MANAGING EDITOR ing nuptials. By the way, he’s four years encourage adults to spend too much Robert C. Collins, S.J. old. time with Thomas and his train friends EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Matthew’s wedding was originally James and Percy, a child’s enthusiasm Karen Sue Smith scheduled for 2090, when he would be can be instructive for all of us. When ONLINE EDITOR 85. “That way I can save up a lot of was the last time you thought about Maurice Timothy Reidy money,” he explained. “But how old will your faith, for example, with similar CULTURE EDITOR Mommy be?” I asked him. “One hun- enthusiasm? James Martin, S.J. dred and twenty-six!” he said gleefully. “Enthusiasm” derives from the LITERARY EDITOR My nephew had also chosen the venue: Greek en and theos, to have “God placed Patricia A. Kossmann China. Specifically, the Great Wall. “Is in you.” It’s similar to inspire, having POETRY EDITOR there a church there?” he asked. We “the Spirit in you.” The enthusiast is James S. Torrens, S.J. consulted Google Earth to investigate. filled with the Spirit. I wonder if ASSOCIATE EDITORS As Matthew outlined it, he and his Catholics need to be better acquainted George M. Anderson, S.J. fiancée, Rachel (whom he met at the with this way of participating in the Peter Schineller, S.J. Blue Kangaroo day-care center, that dat- Spirit. Whenever I meet young evangel- Kevin Clarke ing hotbed), would be married at the icals talking excitedly about Jesus, I ART DIRECTOR Church of St. Ignatius Loyola in New wonder, “Am I that enthusiastic?” I feel Stephanie Ratcliffe York (or, as he called it, “the big church”). that I am, but do I convey that passion? ASSISTANT EDITORS Afterward the wedding party, including In short, is Matthew more enthusiastic Francis W. Turnbull, S.J. his 126-year old parents and his 159- about his wedding than I am about my Kerry Weber year-old grandmother, would fly to faith? ASSISTANT LITERARY EDITOR China for the “second part” of the wed- Of course, we don’t want to Regina Nigro ding Mass. When I asked what would approach our faith like children. Oh be served at the reception, he replied, wait; yes we do, as Jesus recommended. BUSINESS DEPARTMENT quite sensibly, “Chinese food, Uncle So can we be joyful, excited and, above PUBLISHER Jim!” After the reception would come all, single-minded about the Gospel? Jan Attridge fireworks. “Everybody likes fireworks,” “Purity of heart is to will one thing,” as CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER he said. Hard to disagree with that. Søren Kierkegaard wrote. Perhaps this Lisa Pope “Do you wanna hear my speech for is something of what he meant—not ADVERTISING the end of the wedding?” he asked one the seen-it-all, world-weary jadedness Julia Sosa night on the phone. Sure, I said. that pervades some Catholic quarters, “Thank you for coming to my wed- much less the deadly seriousness that 106 West 56th Street New York, NY 10019-3803 ding,” he said. “Have a nice day.” sometimes accompanies preaching and Last week Matthew realized that our teaching, but rather the joyous enthusi- Ph: 212-581-4640; Fax: 212-399-3596 superannuation might make it difficult asm prevalent in some evangelical cir- E-mail: [email protected]; to attend the wedding, so he moved the cles, which was probably characteristic [email protected] Web site: www.americamagazine.org. date up to 2025. And China is out. of the early Christians. Customer Service: 1-800-627-9533 Disneyworld is in. And a honeymoon? So these days I look to children to © 2010 America Press, Inc. “Mexico!” he said. “Because I’ve never remind me about enthusiasm. Christ is been there.” risen after all, and if we can’t be enthu- Young children often get excited siastic about that, then we have no busi- about very specific things. Matthew’s ness calling ourselves Christians. Just earlier passions were, in order: his gui- ask Matthew. Oh wait, you can’t. He’s Cover: Helen David Brancato, tar, Bruce Springsteen and Big Ben. His too busy planning his wedding, now set I.H.M., “Crucifixion—Haiti,” 1997. Mixed media. Collection of the older brother, Charles, now 11, also for June 12, 2025. Save the date. Museum of Contemporary Religious went through what parents call (with JAMES MARTIN, S.J. Art, St. Louis University. CONTENTS www.americamagazine.org VOL. 202 NO. 6, WHOLE NO. 4884 MARCH 1, 2010

ARTICLES 13 WELCOMING THE ROMAN MISSAL A new translation offers an opportunity for liturgical renewal. Arthur J. Serratelli 18 PARDON IS THE WORD Shakespeare, Edmund Campion and the grace of forgiveness Rowan Williams 21 HAITI’S RESILIENT FAITH Margarita A. Mooney

COLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS 13 4 Current Comment

5 Editorial A Debt to the Future 8 Signs of the Times

11 Column Prison Breakout John J. DiIulio Jr. 23 Poem Homage to St. Seamus Angela O’Donnell 24 Faith in Focus Ward Healer Aaron Biller 26 The Quiet Space David Berry 37 Letters 21 39 The Word I Am Who Am Barbara E. Reid BOOKS & CULTURE 28 PORTFOLIO Perspectives on the Passion in contemporary art BOOKS A History of the Popes; Unfinished Desires; Summertime

ON THE WEB ON THE WEB Transcripts and audio clips from the Campion Award cere- mony and, on our podcast, a discussion of the 2009 Oscar nominees. Plus, from the archives, an interview with former Haitian president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. All at americamagazine.org. 28 CURRENT COMMENT

agency staffs in preventing corruption in their operations. When Content Was King T.I. acknowledges that anti-corruption practices cannot The unveiling of Apple’s iPad last month may have finally be the first priority after disasters. But once the initial ushered in the age of the e-reader. For years companies have steps to cope with the devastation are past, then, in the been experimenting with electronic reading devices that serve reconstruction phase, prudent practices should be brought as miniature libraries and magazine stands, but the general into play. The handbook notes that corruption is not limit- public has been slow to sign on. With the advent of the iPad, ed to financial mismanagement, but may also include which also serves as a mini-laptop and film studio, the day nepotism and sexual exploitation. As Haiti’s recovery gets may soon be here when e-readers are as ubiquitous as iPods. under way, the handbook should be a useful resource not Questions remain, however, about the content served up only in that country, but in other parts of the world, too, on electronic readers and who should profit from it. when natural disaster strikes again. Amazon.com has been battling with book publishers over prices for digital books sold on the company’s Kindle read- Arctic Contemplatives ing device. Newspapers have also complained about Readers of Sigrid Undset’s Kristin Lavransdatter, a trilogy Amazon’s demand for a 70 percent cut of Kindle content. of novels set within the very Catholic culture of 14th-cen- Apple seems willing to give publishers a larger share of tury Norway, will especially appreciate what is something revenue, but whether they can survive on a reduced rev- of a historical U-turn. Ten years ago the Cistercians, a enue stream is an open question. Of particular concern is Catholic contemplative order based on the Rule of St. the fate of small publishers and especially of journals. Benedict, began to re-establish a Catholic presence in Amazon has been eager to market magazines like Norway not seen since the Reformation. Newsweek and The New Yorker on the Kindle, but good It started with a group of Trappistine nuns, mostly luck finding The American Scholar or National Review. from the Mississippi Abbey in the United States, who Devotees of electronic reading devices extol their porta- envisioned a new community on the island of Tautra in the bility and affordability. Who can argue against books for Trondheim Fjord. Centuries earlier, in 1207, a Cistercian $10? We may be entering the golden age of e-readers, community was founded there that ultimately grew to when technology is ample and content cheap. These days, include 30 monks responsible for 170 small farms. The sis- however, will be short-lived. There will be a time, sooner ters bought land near the ruins of the old monastery, than we expect, when nearly everyone will own an e-reader. moved to the site and built a new cloister, workplace, But what will they be reading? guesthouse and chapel: Tautra Mariakloster. Now the sisters have been joined in Norway by four Corruption and Aid to Haiti monks from the French Abbey of Cîteaux, who dedicated As Haiti struggles to make effective use of billions in aid, their own new monastery, Munkeby Mariakloster, last Transparency International has just published a handbook September. Their mission is to offer to those who come to help agencies there and elsewhere combat the kinds of seeking it “a quiet presence with the spiritual riches of litur- corruption that could prevent assistance from reaching the gy, meditation, and lectio divina.” The monks are rebuilding neediest. Roslyn Hees, a co-author of the handbook, a monastery established in 1180. In addition to Cistercians, Preventing Corruption in Humanitarian Operations, has said Dominicans and Poor Clares have also returned to that post-earthquake Haiti presently represents “a perfect Norway. Contemplative Benedictines live in Denmark and storm for high corruption risk: You have a seriously dam- Sweden; Brigittines and Carmelites in Iceland. aged institutional infrastructure, a country with endemic Amid the world’s frenetic rush, it is easy to forget that corruption...and sudden influxes of huge amounts of contemplatives quietly offer their prayer, manual labor and resources.” In 2009, Haiti ranked 168th on T.I.’s annual presence, befriending neighbors at the glacial pace that Corruption Perceptions Index. friendship requires even in the era of Facebook. The out- The idea for the handbook arose from experiences after reach of a handful of monks and nuns is a vital—though the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Large sums raised for quiet and small—part of the church’s ministry. As Pope stricken countries there did not always reach those most Benedict XVI suggested, it provides “places where men and affected. The book provides agencies with a practical, hands- women…run to seek God and learn to recognize the signs on tool describing good practices that could be useful for of the presence of Christ, of his charity and of his mercy.”

4 America March 1, 2010 EDITORIAL A Debt to the Future

ollowing World War II, there were two things that whether it be Social Security, Medicare kept the U.S. budget deficit under control: the fiscal or spending on defense and education. Fresponsibility of the Republican Party (and conser- Tax increases must be on the table. vative Democrats) and fear of inflation. Congress appears to be incapable For Republicans, deficits were the greatest sin of gov- of dealing with long-term problems, ernment. President Herbert Hoover even made the like the deficit or global warming. Our Depression worse by trying to balance the budget. constitutional system of checks and balances makes it much Democrats correctly argued for deficit spending during easier to stop something than to do something. Every mem- recessions, but until the Clinton administration, they ber fights for his or her district, interest group or campaign ignored the other principle of Keynesian economics that contributor. With members unwilling to take the long view required surpluses during good times. One of the reasons and sacrifice for the common good, Congress is gridlocked the country faces grave fiscal problems today is that during (see our editorial, “Dysfunctional,” 2/15). the Bush administration, Republicans abandoned their One way out of the current impasse would be to create commitment to fiscal responsibility by instituting tax cuts, a statutory commission with the authority to draw up deficit embarking on two costly wars and passing a government- reduction legislation that must be voted up or down by a subsidized prescription drug plan (Medicare D) without majority in Congress without amendment. Legislation paying for it. They never tried to balance the budget. enacted under such constraints would give legislators cover Normally, inflation would have resulted from these to do what is right but painful. Members could tell their con- deficits and easy money policies, as it did during most of the stituents and donors that there was no way to save their slice postwar period. Wages and prices would go up until the of the pie. Unfortunately, the Senate rejected such a commis- Federal Reserve Board cut the money supply, bringing about sion in January without offering any other way toward fiscal a recession. responsibility. In response, the president announced that he What was different in this crisis was the lack of infla- would appoint a commission by executive order, but it would tion in response to deficit spending. Some credited the have the power only to make recommendations and thus Federal Reserve for this miracle, but a more substantial rea- could prove ineffective. The House, however, where tax bills son was globalization. Cheap imports kept prices down, and constitutionally originate, should try to give the president’s the fear of losing jobs to outsourcing kept wages from rising. commission a congressional mandate. The Chinese were happy to lend us money; so interest rates Earlier generations of Americans were willing to make did not go up, even though consumers and the government difficult decisions to ensure a brighter future for their chil- were both spending beyond their means. dren. As a nation, they sacrificed and paid taxes to build Inflation appears to have been channeled into the one infrastructure and win wars. What is missing in the country area unaffected by globalization: housing. When housing today is this sense of responsible patriotism, which recog- prices went up, we did not call it inflation; we thought we nizes the obligation to make such sacrifices. Instead we have were getting richer, at least if we owned a home. Home equi- spent and consumed with insufficient attention to how our ty loans let us tap this ephemeral wealth. When the housing habits would affect future generations. No doubt, wage stag- market collapsed, it brought everything down with it. nation played a role too, as middle-class homeowners Where do we go from here? During a recession you do sought additional income from their homes. Yet we cannot not try to balance the budget. But there has to be a realistic exempt ourselves from the responsibility to address the cri- long-term strategy for paying down some of our debt. Let sis at hand. no one fool you. Deficit reduction is going to be extremely It is easy to blame the gridlock in Washington on politi- painful. There is no easy solution. The administration’s cians, but unless politicians hear from the American people deficit-reduction plan is a bare beginning. As a nation, we that they are willing to make sacrifices for the future of their were irresponsible and foolish, and now we are going to have children and the nation, then the gridlock will continue until to pay for it. Nothing can be exempt from budget cuts, the country finds itself in economic freefall2.

March 1, 2010 America 5

Catholic Social Teaching and

Worker Justice

March 22-23, 2010

Catholic Social Teaching and Worker Justice Most Reverend William Murphy Bishop of Rockville Center, NY

The Role of Green Jobs in Long-Term Recovery Josh Bivens Economic Policy Institute

Breaking Barriers, Crossing Borders & Building Coalitions in the Global Struggle for the Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively Kate Bronfenbrenner Cornell University

Worker Justice and Sex Trafficking: Intersections and Tensions Michelle Dempsey Villanova University

Building a New Social Contract at Work: A Moral Social Imperative Thomas Kochan Massachusetts Institute of Technology

American Catholics and Labor: A History in Documents Maria Mazzenga Catholic University of America

Putting Employees First: Catholic Social Teaching and Southwest Airlines Oliver Williams, C.S.C. University of Notre Dame

Folksongs and the U.S. Labor Movement: A Commonwealth of Toil Corey Dolgon Worsester State College

Also Scheduled to Speak Hilda Solis U.S. Secretary of Labor

Registration: $150 includes sessions, continental breakfast and afternoon reception. For more information: http://www.villanova.edu/mission/2010conference.html

Sponsored by the Office for Mission & Ministry, Villanova University, Catholics for Worker Justice and the Journal of Catholic Social Thought

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March 1, 2010 America 7 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

HOMELESSNESS Recession Drives Surge Of Poverty in Suburbs ave persistent unemployment and waves of foreclosures led to a resurgence of the nation’s once widespread scourge of Hhomelessness? The problem appears to be making a come- back, but not in the urban and rural communities where homelessness persisted in past decades. This time homelessness is becoming a prominent problem in the nation’s suburban communities. The last formal count of the nation’s homeless, a 2009 report from the Department of Housing and Urban Development, tracked the prob- lem to the end of September 2008. It found that while the overall num- ber of homeless people remained steady at 1.6 million people, the num- ber of homeless in suburbs and rural communities had spiked dramati- “Pinellas Hope,” a tent city for homeless single people outside St. Petersburg, Fla., adminis- cally to 32 percent from 23 percent. It also reported that the number of tered by Catholic Charities. homeless families in shelters grew from about 473,000 to 517,000. Those figures complement the find- ings of a 2010 Brookings Institution tions are in the suburbs. Suburban get a clearer national perspective on report on poverty trends. That report, poverty in large metropolitan areas homelessness with its “Make the while arguing that federal anti-poverty grew 25 percent between 2000 and Homeless Count,” program, which will responses remain mired in older mod- 2008. Midwestern cities and suburbs run from March 29 to 31. Some com- els of rural- and urban-focused pover- experienced the largest poverty rate munities are aiding the campaign by ty, revealed that the nation’s largest and increase during that period. encouraging their homeless residents fastest-growing low-income popula- The U.S. Census Bureau will try to to step out from the shadows. The Los

MEXICO dispatched more than 40,000 soldiers and federal police officers to battle the Bishops Urge New Strategy cartels in regions like Chihuahua in In War Against Drug Cartels northern Mexico, Sinaloa on the Pacific Coast and Michoacan to the he Bishops’ Conference of “With the passage of time, the partici- west of Mexico City, but results have Mexico has released a pas- pation of the armed forces in the fight been mixed. Public support for the toral letter calling on the against organized crime has provoked campaign appears to be declining. TMexican government to reconsider its uncertainty in the population.... It is Violence has not decreased in many force-reliant strategy in combating very clear this environment of violence of the states where the cartels have powerful narcotics trafficking cartels and insecurity in which we are living been most active over the past three even as it asks the government to denotes a sense of the loss of God.” years. Ciudad Juárez, which neighbors respond to a wave of violence that has Mexico has been involved in a El Paso, Tex., has been the scene of claimed more than 18,000 lives over crackdown on narcotics trafficking mass slayings—like the Jan. 31 shoot- the past three years. “Security is not cartels that have been fighting turf ing of at least 16 young people at a directly or principally related to the wars over lucrative smuggling routes birthday party. New problems also ability to use force, the number of into the United States and fomenting have emerged during the military police officers, the degree of milita- an increase in addictions at home by response: an increase in allegations of rization or the purchasing of developing domestic markets for human rights abuses against the mili- weapons,” Mexico’s bishops wrote. drugs. The federal government has tary and evidence that the cartels have

8 America March 1, 2010 ipation in the national count. agencies responding to the survey, 83 Norma Vega, the executive director percent reported an increase in the of the L.A. mayor’s census office, told number of working poor seeking assis- Southern California Public Radio: “It’s tance; 70 percent reported an increase our sort of small way of getting hope- in families seeking assistance; 57 per- fully more awareness about this issue. cent reported an increase in support And the socks are a way to remind us requests from homeless people seeking on an everyday basis that we do have a assistance; and 51 percent reported an population out there that needs help.” increase in requests from the middle The effect of another year of rising class. Catholic Charities offered some joblessness and foreclosures at rates not perspective on the statistics: “These seen since the Great Depression has not are unemployed parents; two-income yet been depicted statistically, but social families struggling to make ends meet; welfare agencies around the country pregnant women and teens, homeless offer anecdotal evidence of growing with nowhere to turn; former donors need and increasing family homeless- to Catholic Charities organizations ness as the nation continues to confront now in need of help; and repeat clients a “perfect storm of foreclosures, unem- with deeper needs and greater barriers ployment and a shortage of affordable to self-sufficiency.... The survey shows Angeles Mayor’s Office of the Census housing,” as one social service director new and underserved populations has been asking residents to donate told the Associated Press recently. continuing to request help. In sobering socks at L.A. police stations, city hall Catholic Charities USA’s Fourth numbers, brutal temperatures coupled and other locations. The socks, along Quarter Snapshot Survey, released on with rising utility rates and loss of with food, will be distributed to the Jan. 28, revealed a dramatic increase income have left individuals and fami- homeless at six events across the city nationwide in requests for life-sustain- lies hungry, homeless, and cold— on March 30 to encourage their partic- ing emergency services. Of the 47 many for the first time.” diversified into such other illegal activ- new, the bishops said, but they urged to improve the country’s long-under- ities as piracy, extortion and kidnap- new solutions and discarded any talk performing economy, which the bish- ping. Sixty percent of respondents in a of returning to the old practice of local ops said fails to provide enough legiti- survey released Feb. 15 by the Mexico governments and the cartels brokering mate forms of employment. City polling firm Buendia y Laredo informal agreements that allowed the “Inequality, social exclusion, pover- said violence had increased over the drug traffickers to carry out illegal ty, unemployment, low salaries, dis- past six months, and 56 percent of activities so long as violence was kept crimination, forced migration and the respondents said the federal govern- to a minimum and bystanders were left inhumane levels of living expose many ment’s crackdown on narcotics traffick- alone. people to violence,” the letter said. ing had made the country “less secure.” The letter instead urged the fed- In their Feb. 15 letter, the bishops of eral government to treat the vio- Mexico attributed the ineffectual gov- lence in Mexico as a public health ernment response to the escalating vio- issue. It called for combating the lence to a number of causes: crises of cartels and violence through fixes legality and morality, political polariza- to the legal system that would tion after the contentious 2006 elec- eliminate impunity; better cooper- tion, a lack of educational and employ- ation in law enforcement and intel- ment opportunities for young people ligence-gathering among Mexico’s and “a weakening of the social fabric.” federal, state and municipal gov- Soldiers raid a drug cartel hideout in Ciudad The problem with the cartels is not ernments; and structural reforms Juárez, Mexico, on Feb. 14.

March 1, 2010 America 9 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Irish-Vatican Summit On Sex-Abuse Ends NEWS BRIEFS At the end of a two-day summit meet- Catholic Relief Services’ anti-hunger programs ing with Irish bishops about the scandal around the world during 2008 helped an estimated of sexual abuse in Ireland, the Vatican 49.3 million people in 142 programs, according to said in a statement on Feb. 16 that Bruce White, a hunger policy analyst for the U.S. “errors of judgment and omissions” were bishops’ overseas relief and development agency. at the heart of the crisis. It said church • Ending the church’s sponsorship of central leaders recognized the sense of “pain Oregon’s largest medical facility, Baker’s Bishop Catholic Relief and anger, betrayal, scandal and shame” Robert F. Vasa said the St. Charles Medical Services in Haiti that those errors have provoked among Center in Bend, Ore., can no longer be called Catholic. • A sexual many Irish Catholics. “All those present abuse scandal continues to unfold in Germany, where more than recognized that this grave crisis has led 100 men have now come forward claiming they suffered abuse at the to a breakdown in trust in the church’s hands of Jesuit priests or lay teachers at Jesuit schools in Germany. leadership and has damaged her witness • On Feb. 12 the Catholic bishops of Florida urged Gov. Charlie to the Gospel and its moral teaching,” Crist to stay the execution of Martin Grossman, arguing that “exe- the statement said. Pope Benedict XVI cution is seen as an act of revenge for an offender’s deeds and does lit- said sexual abuse by priests was a tle to deter future criminal acts in society.” • The White House advi- “heinous crime” and a grave sin “that sor Cecilia Muñoz told participants at the Catholic Social Ministry offends God and wounds the dignity of Gathering on Feb. 8 that the Obama administration remains com- the human person created in his image,” mitted to passing health care and immigration reform legislation, and he urged Irish bishops to act coura- despite political setbacks in Congress. geously to repair their failures to deal properly with such cases. The pope con- vened the bishops in response to the public outrage following an indepen- murder, rape, torture and forced injured. More than 1.2 million people dent report that faulted the church for recruitment.” The group challenged are in spontaneous settlements, and its handling of 325 claims of sexual leading electronics companies to come 467,701 people have left Port-au- abuse in the Archdiocese of Dublin in clean about where they obtain their Prince for outlying regions. Only the years 1975 to 2004. materials during the Feb. 15 opening 272,000 out of an estimated 1.2 mil- day of the Mobile World Congress in lion displaced persons have received Cellphone Justice Barcelona, Spain. “It is time for elec- emergency shelter support. Sanitation tronics companies to show they are in temporary settlement sites remains Metals found in such everyday elec- serious about eliminating conflict min- a concern, with less than 5 percent of tronic items as mobile phones and erals from their supply chains,” said a needs being met. Aid agencies estimate computers, mined illegally in the east- Global Witness campaigner, Daniel that 18,000 latrines are needed in ern Democratic Republic of Congo, Balint-Kurti. Global Witness is urging Port-au-Prince to support 900,000 are helping to fund a conflict that has the U.N. Security Council to use tar- people. With the arrival of thousands caused millions of deaths, says Global geted sanctions against companies that of people from Port-au-Prince in vil- Witness, a nongovernmental organiza- support armed groups in eastern lages along the border with the tion that focuses on natural resources Congo by the illicit mineral trade. Dominican Republic, the food security and international trade. “The main situation, which was already precari- warring parties in eastern Congo...con- ous, is getting worse. An estimated trol much of the lucrative trade in min- Haiti’s Status: Grim 17,500 children are suffering from erals that produce tin, tantalum and Haitian authorities issued a distress- acute malnutrition and 3,100 of these tungsten, as well as gold,” according to ing statistical update of a nation and a are severely malnourished and in need a G.W. statement. “These groups regu- people in peril on Feb. 6. of life-saving assistance. larly commit horrific abuses against Approximately 212,000 people are the civilian population, including mass now believed dead and 300,000 From CNS and other sources.

10 America March 1, 2010 JOHN J. DI IULIO JR.

Prison Breakout n the year 2000, state and federal further increasing the number of peo- instance, 28 states actually decreased prisons held about 1.3 million ple who are behind bars. their imprisonment rates, including Iinmates, and local jails held In 2008, the latest year for which 30-percent drops in states as political- around 600,000. A decade earlier, in there are complete data, state and fed- ly diverse as Massachusetts and Texas. 1990, state and federal prisons held eral prisons held about 1.5 million Three states—Maryland, New Jersey about 700,000 inmates, and local jails people, and local jails held around and New York—actually held fewer held around 400,000. Thus between 800,000 people. Thus, between 2000 prisoners in 2008 than they did in 1990 and 2000, the country’s incarcer- and 2008 the country’s incarcerated 2000. But the federal prison system ated population nearly doubled, grow- population increased from 1.9 million continues to grow at an unprecedented ing from 1.1 million to 1.9 million. to 2.3 million. That 20-percent clip (about 4.7 percent a year). On Nov. 15, 2000, the U.S. increase occurred even though more Many Catholic lawmakers give the Conference of Catholic Bishops issued than 600,000 people have bishops fits (or worse) “Responsibility, Rehabilitation, and been released from state Prison when it comes to church Restoration: A Catholic Perspective and federal prisons each teaching on vital issues on Crime and Criminal Justice.” The year since 2000. policy needs like abortion, but these statement rejected as unwise and inhu- On the one hand, same officials are likely mane the sentencing policies that had research by the U.S. Bureau to allow to follow where the contributed to the decade-long of Justice Statistics indi- for the U.S.C.C.B. leads on increase in the incarcerated popula- cates that nearly 60 percent crime and punishment. tion. The bishops also called for of the post-2000 increase in possibility For one thing, post- greater public investments in crime- the prison population con- of 2000 public opinion has prevention programs and substance- sists of offenders whose lat- shifted in ways favor- abuse treatment programs. est crime of conviction is a redemption. able to prevention and It was a brilliant balancing act, violent crime. And, as sum- treatment policies like expressing sincere regard for crime vic- marized in the latest study sponsored those advocated by the bishops a tims while condemning the “culture of by the National Academy of Sciences, decade ago. For another, as the post- violence” that prevails in many homes as much as a third of the post-1994 2007 recession reduces government and neighborhoods, summarizing crime drop nationally is probably due revenues, more politicians are “getting crime statistics and trends while infus- to increased incarceration. religion” with respect to scaling back ing nearly every page with Catholic On the other hand, the same bureau the over $70 billion a year for “correc- social teaching. Accordingly, the state- data indicate that fully half of all state tions” that taxpayers lavish mainly on ment was generally well received by prisoners, and about 90 percent of all long-term lockups. liberals and conservatives, Democrats federal prisoners, are serving time for a Still, the biggest and best reason for and Republicans and Catholics and nonviolent crime. Numerous empirical the bishops to rally anew for zero non-Catholics alike. studies and surveys indicate that pris- prison growth and related policies is Now, however, it is time for the ons today hold hundreds of thousands revealed in the beautiful words of U.S.C.C.B. to dust off and update its of persons whose only crimes, including Pope John Paul II with which the 2000 statement, issue a new one this ones for which they were never arrest- U.S.C.C.B. opened its 2000 state- year and take center civic stage in ed, have been nonviolent crimes involv- ment. On July 9, 2000, the pope envi- preaching and pushing for public poli- ing illegal drug possession, use or small- sioned a day “when our conscience can cies that protect the public without scale sales. be certain of having done everything There is early but encouraging evi- possible to prevent crime” and “to offer JOHN J. DIIULIO JR. is the author of Godly dence that state criminal justice sys- those who commit crimes a way of Republic: A Centrist Blueprint for America’s Faith-Based Future (Univ. of tems are punishing smarter, not hard- redeeming themselves and making a California Press, 2007). er. Between 2000 and 2008, for positive return to society.” Amen.

March 1, 2010 America 11 SCREENSHOT OF WWW.USCCB.ORG/ROMANMISSAL. FROM CNS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR LITURGICAL RENEWAL Welcoming the Roman Missal

BY ARTHUR J. SERRATELLI

o change means that one is alive. This applies to people, institutions and languages. Change is a natural develop- ment even when it meets resistance from those who have Tbecome comfortable with old, familiar ways. The challenge of change faces Catholics now, as the church in the United States and the rest of the English-speaking world prepares for the most significant change in the liturgy since the introduction of the new Order of Mass in 1970. On Nov. 17, 2009, the U.S. bishops completed a review and approved the translation of the Roman Missal, third edition, concluding a work begun in 2004, when the International Commission on English in the Liturgy pre- sented to us first-draft translations. Now, as we await confirmation of the text by the Vatican’s Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, we prepare for its reception and implementation. Many have asked questions, expressed concerns or simply wondered about the reasons for the new translation and the goals of its implementation.

Why a New Text? The Roman Missal, the ritual text for the celebration of the Mass, was first introduced in Latin as the “typical edition.” Periodically it is revised. Pope John Paul II announced the publication of the third edition of the missal during the jubilee year in 2000. Once that text was published, it became the official text to be used in the celebration of the Mass, and conferences of bishops had to begin preparing vernacular translations. The third edition contains a number of new elements: prayers for the observances of feasts/memorials of recently canonized saints, additional prefaces for the eucharistic prayers, additional Masses and prayers for various needs and intentions as well as some minor modifications of instructions for the celebration of the Mass. To aid the process of translation, the Congregation for Divine

MOST REV. ARTHUR J. SERRATELLI is bishop of Paterson, N.J., and chair of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops’ Committee on Divine Worship.

March 1, 2010 America 13 Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments issued Speaking to a group of translators gathered in Rome in “Liturgiam Authenticam” in 2001, as the fifth instruction November 1965 about their work regarding liturgical texts, on the vernacular translation of the Roman liturgy. The Pope Paul VI quoted St. Jerome, who was also a translator: instruction outlines the principles and rules for translation, “If I translate word by word, it sounds absurd; if I am forced which have evolved and been nuanced in the years since the to change something in the word order or style, I seem to Second Vatican Council, as the church has grown into its have stopped being a translator.” Pope Paul went on to say: use of modern vernacular languages in the celebration of the “The vernacular now taking its place in the liturgy ought to liturgy. These principles govern the fresh English transla- be within the grasp of all, even children and the uneducated. tion of the missal. But, as you well know, the language should always be worthy of the noble realities it signifies, set apart from the everyday The Translation speech of the street and the marketplace, so that it will affect The 16th-century Dutch humanist and theologian Erasmus the spirit and enkindle the heart with love of God.” once showed his students 150 different styles they could use For the missal’s third edition, the translation process has when constructing a single Latin sentence. He amply involved linguistic, biblical and liturgical scholars from each demonstrated that there are of the 11 English-speak- many ways to express a sin- ing countries that ICEL gle idea. In terms of transla- The new text of the Roman Missal serves; this text will be tion, there are many ways to used by the church translate a sentence, but no represents a change in the language, throughout the English- single translation will ever speaking world. It is completely satisfy everyone. but not in the ritual. important to remember Liturgical language is that we Americans are important for the life of the church. The well-known axiom but one part of a larger English-speaking community. Lex orandi, lex credendi reminds Christians that what we Proponents of the new text sometimes argue, perhaps pray is not only the expression of our sentiment and rever- unfairly, that the texts currently in use in the liturgy (in the ence toward God, but what also speaks to us and articulates present Sacramentary), the product of great efforts by trans- for us the faith of the church. Our words in the liturgy are lators from 1969 to 1973, are marked by a style of English not simply expressions of one individual in one particular that is flat and uninspiring. That text, however, has well place at one time in history. Rather, they pass on the faith of served the English-speaking world for more than 30 years the church from one generation to the next. For this reason, and has enabled the church to take great strides toward the we bishops take seriously our responsibility to provide council’s goal of “full, conscious, and active participation” in translations of liturgical texts that are both accurate and the liturgy. One should be careful not to judge too hastily inspiring, hence the sometimes rather passionate discussion what has been the language of worship. The present texts of words, syntax and phrases. The new translation provides are familiar and comfortable. theologically accurate prayers in a language with dignity and Those who have already been critical of the new text, beauty that can be understood, as called for in “Liturgiam often without having seen more than a few examples out of Authenticam,” No. 25: context, express concern about unfamiliar vocabulary and unnecessarily complicated sentence structures. Having been So that the content of the original texts may be evi- involved in the work of translation with ICEL and with the dent and comprehensible even to the faithful who bishops’ Committee on Divine Worship, I can attest that lack any special intellectual formation, the transla- the new translation is good and worthy of use. It is not per- tions should be characterized by a kind of language fect, but perfection will come only when the liturgy on earth which is easily understandable, yet which at the same gives way to that of heaven, where all the saints praise God time preserves these texts’ dignity, beauty, and doctri- with one voice. Change will not come easily, as both priest- nal precision. By means of words of praise and adora- celebrants (including us bishops) and the lay faithful will tion that foster reverence and gratitude in the face of have to work to prepare to celebrate the liturgy fully. God’s majesty, his power, his mercy and his transcen- dent nature, the translations will respond to the Where We Go From Here hunger and thirst for the living God that is experi- We humans are creatures of habit. We Catholics are creatures enced by the people of our own time, while con- of ritual. Ritual is based on the familiar, on patterns learned. tributing also to the dignity and beauty of the liturgi- A liturgical assembly can fully, consciously and actively par- cal celebration itself. ticipate in the liturgy because the priest and people know

14 America March 1, 2010 what they are doing. Any change in the rituals will affect how (Psalm 133, Eucharistic Prayer 2), “blessed are those called we participate. It is natural to resist such changes simply to to the supper of the Lamb” (See Revelation 19, communion remain grounded in the familiar. The new text of the Roman rite), and “Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter Missal represents a change in the language, but not in the rit- under my roof…” (Matthew 8, communion rite). These are ual. There have been only a few minor adjustments to the but a few examples. rubrics of the Order of Mass, and most of them were already Of particular note in the new texts are expressions of rev- in effect. So how do we prepare ourselves to use the new text? erence for God, articulated not only by the vocabulary but We bishops have called for an extensive process of catechesis by the style of expression in addressing God. Forms of leading to the implementation of the text. I propose several address such as “we humbly beseech you, O Lord,” “we beg important approaches for individuals and parishes. you,” “we call upon your majesty” and “through my fault, First, get to know the text. Pope Benedict XVI remind- through my fault, through my most grievous fault” express ed us of the richness and importance of liturgical texts in his our posture before the Lord, to whom we look for every gift apostolic exhortation “Sacramentum Caritatis”: “These and grace. Some may find the use of such self-deprecatory texts contain riches which have preserved and expressed the language uncomfortable at first, but it effectively acknowl- faith and experience of the People of God over its two-thou- edges the primacy of God’s grace and our dependence on it sand-year history” (No. 40). Many have for salvation. pointed out that the vocabulary, syntax ON THE WEB The texts may be unfamiliar now, but and sentence structure will be markedly An extended version the more one understands their meaning, different from the current text. The guid- of this essay is available at the more meaningful their use will be in americamagazine.org. ing principles of translation call for the the liturgy. We Catholics are invited to preservation of biblical imagery and poet- undergo a process of theological reflection ic language (and structure). The new texts contain many and/or use the practice of lectio divina with the texts of the beautiful examples of language drawn directly from the new Roman Missal. Praying with these words will help us Scriptures, especially the Gospels and the Psalms: “from the all to open our hearts to the mysteries they express. rising of the sun to its setting” (Psalm 113, Eucharistic The second approach is to recommit to a prayerful, Prayer 3), “sending down your Spirit…like the dewfall” vibrant celebration of the liturgy. In his encyclical

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March 1, 2010 America 15 “Sacramentum Caritatis,” Pope Benedict XVI has encour- their chief duties as faithful stewards of the mysteries aged all to celebrate the liturgy effectively and faithfully; he of God; and in this matter they must lead their flock emphasizes the art of proper celebration. not only by word but also by example. Third, attend to the process of catechesis in preparation for the reception of the new text. The Committee on Divine A wide range of resources is being developed by the Worship suggests a two-part process: remote and proxi- U.S.C.C.B., the Federation of Diocesan Liturgical mate. Currently we are in the remote stage of preparation, Commissions and catechetical and liturgical publishers. which will last until the confirmation of the text is given. Representatives of English-speaking countries are produc- This period should include general liturgical catechesis: the ing an international multimedia resource. Last year the nature and aim of the liturgy, the meaning of “full, conscious Committee on Divine Worship launched a Web site to and active participation” and the background of the Roman serve as a central hub of information regarding the new Missal. The proximate preparation will begin after the con- missal (www.usccb.org/romanmissal). We hope it will firmation is received. It will last 12 to 18 months and will encourage the development of more resources for use in look specifically at particular texts of the missal, preparing parishes, schools and homes. pastors and the faithful to celebrate the liturgy using those On the 25th anniversary of “Sacrosanctum Concilium,” texts. Pope John Paul II encouraged the church “to renew that The fathers of Vatican II were aware of the need for litur- spirit which inspired the church at the moment when the gical catechesis as an essential aspect of liturgical reform Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium was…promulgat- (SC, No. 19): ed.” As the church prepares to receive the third edition of the Roman Missal, we bishops recognize the significance With zeal and patience pastors must promote the of this moment as an opportunity for genuine renewal of liturgical instruction of the faithful and also their the council’s vision. We hope pastors and the faithful will active participation in the Liturgy both internally and join us in seizing this opportunity with enthusiasm, find- externally, taking into account their age and condition, ing it, in the words of Pope John Paul II, “a moment to sink their way of life, and their stage of religious develop- our roots deeper into the soil of tradition handed on in the ment. By doing so, pastors will be fulfilling one of Roman rite.” A

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16 America March 1, 2010 “A practical guide for living an authentic life ... Generously sharing from his own experiences, Martin introduces the major themes of Jesuit spirituality in a remarkably hospitable way.” —Kathleen Norris, author of The Cloister Walk and Acedia & Me

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From the author of My Life with the Saints

March 1, 2010 America 17 Pardon Is the Word Shakespeare, Edmund Campion and the grace of forgiveness

BY ROWAN WILLIAMS

On Jan. 25, the 470th anniversary of the birth from those whom we have offended or of St. Edmund Campion, the editors of excluded the grace of God’s welcome. America presented Dr. Rowan Williams, the When our churches learn to celebrate fully archbishop of Canterbury, with the 2009 and gladly each other’s martyrs—as they Campion Award for distinguished achievement have begun to do—then that moment of in Christian letters. The archbishop was hon- Paul’s conversion comes alive again. And ored for his writings in theology, apologetics, lit- since today is indeed the feast of the erary and cultural criticism, poetry and trans- Conversion of St. Paul, little could be more lation. In his introductory remarks, Drew appropriate than that meditation for our Christiansen, S.J., editor in chief of America, thoughts. noted that the archbishop’s writing “has height- Some years ago I was visiting Uganda ened readers’ receptivity to transcendence, and was taken to the impressive church opened their minds to revelation and diagnosed that marks the site of the deaths of the first the spiritual ills that debilitate our post- Roman Catholic martyrs in Uganda in the Christian culture.” 19th century—the altar there standing on Honoring the leading Anglican primate the very spot where one of them was burnt with an award named for a Jesuit martyr of the to death. I visited there as an Anglican pil- English Reformation, Father Christiansen remarked, was an grim but, rashly, wearing my clerical dress. And when a large act of “martyrial ecumenism” in the spirit of the late Pope John number of African schoolchildren flocked into the church Paul II, for whom the Christian witness of Protestant and there, the priest who was showing me around turned to me Catholic martyrs shows “the path to [church] unity.” In his casually and said, “I’m sure you’d like to say a few words to acceptance, Archbishop Williams commented that “martyrdom the children” (words which many clergy have learned to is an affirmation of profound witness about the depths of human dread!). But for me it was a moment of martyrial ecu- possibility in the face of what can in some circumstances seem menism. It was a gift to be able, in that unforgettable place, like fathomless evil.” The archbishop went on to identify pardon, to celebrate the martyrs of a sister church, knowing that the reconciliation and hope as “the proper contribution of crucified Christ for whom they died was not the possession Christians to culture and politics and ecumenism.” of any one institution or community, but the possession of The Editors God the Father and shared with the world.

o be here today is for me an enormous The Jesuit and the Bard delight and a quite unexpected honor; and Edmund Campion has a very particular role in my own my first task is simply to say, from my heart, interests, since I have long been fascinated by the theory that a very warmest thank you to America maga- William Shakespeare, as a young man, spent a few months in zine, to the Jesuits, to you who have wel- the household of a Roman Catholic aristocrat in Lancashire, comed me here today. Thank you for this act of ecumenical which was visited at exactly the same time by Edmund T Campion, between 1580 and 1581. We know that Campion generosity and fellowship. You’ve already heard the words “martyrial ecumenism,” was traveling in Lancashire and spent some time at and what they express is, to me, something utterly essential Houghton Hall. And we know that among the servants at about the life of the Christian Church. From the moment Houghton Hall at that time was a man named William when St. Paul recognized in Jesus the face of his victims, it Shakeshafte. Twentieth-century scholars developed the the- has been a deep dimension of Christian holiness: to be able ory that the young Shakespeare had been shipped off north to learn the trade of school-mastering at a time when his to go to one’s brothers and sisters in repentance and receive PHOTO: CLARK PATTERSON

18 America March 1, 2010 presence in the Midlands was embarrassing for various reasons. I don’t know whether this is true or not, and of course the great thing is that none of us ever will. (It’s one of the wonderful things about academic theories, as many of you in this room will be well aware.) But I have more than once reflected on the conversa- tions that might have taken place between the young Shakespeare and the middle-aged Jesuit on his way to martyrdom. Shakespeare was somebody who constantly wanted to affirm to the world that there was more in humanity than anyone might have suspected. “Is man no more than this?” asks King Lear. Shakespeare’s imaginative vision is in effect a protracted no to that question. Humanity is never just this or that. Humanity has possi- bilities, lured and shaped by grace, which are endless, fathom- less, mysterious and terrible—for good and evil. The one thing we can never say about humanity is that now we know all we need to. I like to think that the priest on his way to martyrdom may very well have sown a seed there. Martyrdom is excessive, extrava- Left, top to bottom: St. John Kemble, Bottom right: a map of Wales, where gant and foolish. Martyrdom is and young and old St. John Roberts. arrests and persecutions took place. an affirmation of profound wit- Center: Tyburn Gallows outside This painting is inspired by the poem ness about the depths of human London, where some of the martyrs “After Silent Centuries: For the Catholic were executed. Right, top to bottom: Martyrs of Wales,” translated from possibility in the face of what can St. John Wall, St. David Lewis. Welsh by Rowan Williams. in some circumstances seem like fathomless evil. Martyrdom affirms that there is something It’s in one of his last plays that you hear that extraordi- worth dying for, and it is the grace, the love, the infinite nary Christian clarion call, “Pardon’s the word to all.” And compassion of God. If Shakespeare was a Roman Catholic, that takes us right back to martyrial ecumenism. he was almost certainly a very bad Roman Catholic. And Martyrdom is one form of Christian “excess,” one affirma- indeed if he was an Anglican, he was tion of the dignity and glory, the apoca- almost certainly a very bad Anglican, too! ON THE WEB lypse of glory, which can be uncovered in Like many people in that era, he was, I am Pictures, transcripts and audio clips the human face. But so is forgiveness. A sure, at best confused in his religious alle- from the Campion Award ceremony. functional, reductive account of human giances. But something of that radical, americamagazine.org/campion relationships is never able to cope with catholic, orthodox, reformed vision—of forgiveness, radical grace, the new cre- the fathomlessness of grace finally proving itself deeper than ation that is God’s restoration after sin and failure. the depth of human rebellion and evil—pervades his plays, And so, if the answer to the question, “Is man no more

more and more indeed as he grows older. than this?” (forgive the sexist language of the era) is “No, ART: FREDERICK H. CARLSON

March 1, 2010 America 19 humanity is more than that,” then the capacity for martyr- dom is simply one aspect of that immense capacity for self- Inspirational Guidance giving, of which forgiveness itself is the form available to each and every one of us: that vast range of capacity for self- giving, which is the image of God in us. And when we as Spiritual Journey Christian believers try to engage with the society around us, with the culture, the politics, the economics of our age, what we seek to do is not simply to lay before that culture a set of propositions about God. It is to uncover before that culture the depths of human possibility: to say that humanity is more than this, this and this; to say that self-giving in death and sacrifice is possible for human beings; to say that for- giveness and reconciliation are possible for human beings. A few months ago I was visiting Japan, and in prepara- tion for that visit I read some of what the late Father Pedro

Arrupe had written about his experiences in Japan at the time of the dropping of the bombs in 1945. And as I read, I began to understand more and more deeply how someone formed in the Jesuit tradition that was Campion’s could see into the heart, into the depths of evil, and yet see beyond. In the face of unspeakable inhumanities, Pedro Arrupe was pg / $ able to witness to the humanism, the depth of hope, which is the proper contribution of Christians to culture and pol- itics and ecumenism. I believe the first recipient of this award was Jacques Maritain. Maritain, whom again I count as a great intellec- tual and spiritual influence, wrote a well-known book under the title of Integral Humanism, and that does seem to be THE TTWENTIETH-ANNIVERSARYWENTIETH-ANNIVERSARRYY EDEDITIONITION finally what we are reflecting about today: humanism that is The Star in My Heart integral because it refuses to ignore the depths of possibili- Discovveering Inner Wisdom ty in humanity, for evil and for good; a humanism that is oyycce Ruppppp integral as it sees the capacity for human beings to be inte- 128 pages / $12.95 grated, drawn together in themselves by that fathomless love and forgiveness of God. And so, in very gratefully and humbly accepting this gen- erous award, I would want to join with you all in celebrating the fact that “pardon’s the word to all,” the fact that man and woman are more than this or that, and the fact that in our REVISEDREVISED hearts God has placed his image, which means the capacity Prayers to Sophia for reconciliation and the capacity for utter and radical gift. Deepening Our Relationship with Holy Wisdom That gift, that compassion, that readiness for risk, we love oyycce Ruppppp and acknowledge and celebrate in saints like Edmund 28 pages / $12.95 Campion. We celebrate it too in geniuses like William Shakespeare, or Shakeshafte. We celebrate it in the lives of people we have all been privileged to know, many of the brethren of the Society [of Jesus] in our own age, of course, who have given their lives in various ways for this vision.

A And I end simply by expressing my abiding and daily hope and prayer that we may find more and more ways—through

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20 America March 1, 2010 Haiti’s Resilient Faith BY MARGARITA A. MOONEY

s I grieved over the recent earthquake victims In all three sites, particularly in Miami, the church actively in Haiti, many friends who know of my close promotes legal rights for Haitians, provides them with personal ties to that country sought to console social services and participates in community organizing. I me. Those ties began in 2001, when as an ide- was especially interested in the role of religion and the place alisticA graduate student of sociology I undertook a disserta- of faith in these programs. tion project that compared how the Catholic Church assists After months of observing religious services in Haiti and Haitian immigrants in three cities of the Haitian diaspora: the diaspora, I learned much about faith as resilience—that Miami, Montreal and Paris. For this research, I traveled is, as an ability to renew communities from within, to build twice to Haiti, learned French and Haitian Creole and con- solidarity and identity. PHOTO: CNS PHOTO/TOMAS BRAVO, REUTERS ducted more than 140 interviews in Haiti and in the three An understanding of faith as resilience goes beyond most cities. recent journalistic reporting about Haiti, which depicts Knowing of Haiti’s poverty and the difficulty many faith as a way of coping with suffering. The materially poor Haitian immigrants face in obtaining legal papers, finding do frequently have abiding trust in God’s goodness. Yet jobs and raising children outside Haiti, I focused my atten- their faith does not offer an escape from it. Rather it gives tion on the social service programs of the Catholic Church. comfort and the means by which they can endure and trans- form it. MARGARITA A. MOONEY, an assistant professor of sociology at the More than a drug (Karl Marx’s “opium of the people”) to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is the author of Faith Makes Us Live: Surviving and Thriving in the Haitian Diaspora ease suffering, faith is a proper, vital response to an imper- (Univ. of California Press, 2009). fect social and physical world. Faith has the power to give

Haitians offer prayers during a religious service held outside a displacement camp in Port-au-Prince on Jan. 24. meaning to suffering and to motivate people to ameliorate sionately that I felt great consolation. Those I interviewed their situation. The Christian faith acknowledges the explained how they had never lost hope despite suffering inevitability of some human suffering; God became incar- violence, poverty and the deaths of loved ones. Their strong nate in Jesus, who was crucified—an unspeakable experi- community solidarity and their stories of hope helped me to ence of suffering. But Christianity also proclaims Jesus’ res- heal and gave me a deeper understanding of suffering. Being urrection from the dead. among Haitians led me to recognize a kind of spiritual Participation in religious rituals and sharing in the poverty among many people in the United States—a pro- Eucharist renews Christian communities from within. found loneliness and lack of meaning. Prayer, for example, is a powerful tool that encourages peo- Some who have witnessed the suffering in Haiti after the ple to envision a better world and gives them the hope and recent earthquake are prompted to donate money or travel energy to pursue it. Many Haitians have told me they to Haiti to help, which are noble responses. But can wit- understand prayer as an obligation to praise God, as a way nessing such disasters also lead people to change how they of helping others and as a source of strength to continue the live at home? Is it possible to learn important lessons from long struggle toward building a better world. Gathering to the Haitians, from their example of resilience? Will these sing hymns of praise to God, to ask for lessons help us to confront suffering even forgiveness and to proclaim God’s good- ON THE WEB closer to us? ness sustains individuals and helps them Brian J. Stevens on the need for Several friends have told me, for exam- local expertise in Haiti. see themselves not only as victims, but as americamagazine.org ple, that even though they interact with actors and participants. people all day long at work, they seldom engage in a meaningful conversation with The Suffering Close By anyone. Sociological data show that in wealthy nations more I had to rush home from my first trip to Haiti because my and more people are eating their meals alone, living alone father fell critically ill. He died within weeks. A few months and reporting feelings of uselessness and depression. Have later, still grieving, I moved to the Little Haiti neighborhood cultural ideas about the value of independence and autono- of Miami to conduct research. When I mentioned the my gone too far? recent death of my father, Haitians responded so compas- A proper Christian understanding of suffering empha-

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22 America March 1, 2010 sizes communion with others as a remedy for both material protection than what the army can give us. We have the poverty and loneliness. Christian solidarity extends beyond active participation of the same people we came here to the sharing of material goods to include a sharing of our- help.” selves and our time—a scarce resource among hard-working Even persons experienced in working with the poor and people in wealthy countries. Christians have a duty to trying to empower them need to be reminded from time to relieve suffering, like that in Haiti. But that duty is only part time that those who hunger, thirst and have no home can— of the picture. Suffering is a reminder that humans are fun- no, must—contribute to the relief effort and also to those damentally dependent on one another, not just for material who assist them. necessities but also for psychological and spiritual necessi- The Haitian people continue to need assistance as do we ties. Although many live in isolation, humans are made to who would help them. Can we learn from their faith as live in community. resilience how to let suffering make us more human? Can we live in communion with the others right next to us? A Recognizing the Agency of the Poor Working among Haitians has taught me that no matter how reduced a person’s material circumstances, every individual and community is able to contribute to the building of a bet- Homage to St. Seamus ter, more just world. Social projects ought to outgrow a paternalistic attitude, by which one group comes to the aid of another; givers help takers. People of faith recognize the “I rhyme to see myself, to set the darkness echoing.” dignity and integrity of those who suffer, see their faith and Seamus Heaney the strength of it in adversity and appreciate what it has to teach others who are not suffering at the moment. In this view, there is mutuality and equality: both parties are givers For years I’ve knelt at your holy wells and takers. and envied the cut of your clean-edged song, An e-mail message I received in January 2010 from lay down in the bog where dead men dwell, Mario Serrano, S.J., who works in the Dominican Republic and in Haiti, illustrates how people in desperate circum- grieved with ghosts who told their wrongs. stances can be quickly transformed from passive recipients into agents. After the earthquake, Father Serrano quickly gathered emergency supplies and drove them from the Your consonants cleave my soft palate. Dominican Republic to Haiti in a caravan. The military I taste their music and savor it long provided protection on the journey, and they arrived safely past the last line of the taut sonnet, at night. The next day, however, neighborhood residents threatened to disrupt the relief efforts. Father Serrano was its rhyming subtle, its accent strong. terrified when a mob pounded on the door demanding help. Even after they contacted the police, the people outside refused to leave and kept angrily calling out for food and And every poem speaks a sacrament, water. The crowd finally dispersed when Father Serrano blood of blessing, bread of the word, gave everyone a bottle of water and promised to meet with feeding me full in language ancient them to discuss how the aid would be distributed. That afternoon, he met with neighborhood residents and as Aran’s rock and St. Kevin’s birds. humbly confessed that their angry behavior frightened him. If he could organize his distribution center first, he English will never be the same. explained, he would then be in a better position to assist them and many others. Most important, he pleaded for To make it ours is why you came. their cooperation in carrying out his mission. Once the ANGELA O’DONNELL group understood both that the people would receive emer- gency relief and that their cooperation was indispensable to ANGELA O’DONNELL is a professor of English and associate director the operation’s success, they helped Father Serrano unload of the Curran Center for American Studies at Fordham University in the trucks and provided security as he oversaw the distribu- New York City. tion of what he had brought. Elated at this turn of events, Father Serrano wrote: “Now we have stronger security and

March 1, 2010 America 23 FAITH IN FOCUS

An Ability to Connect HealthCare Chaplaincy and the 12 Ward Healer health care institutions for which it man- ages professional chaplaincy services pre- sent an annual Wholeness of Life Award The spiritual exercises of a hospital chaplain to one person from each institution who BY AARON BILLER “with a purity of devotion selflessly cares for others... simply because it is what compassionate people do.” In 2009, hen one thinks of a hos- 1985, at age 60. With her belongings Memorial Sloan-Kettering selected pital and an 84-year-old in the trunk of her car and a man’s hat Sister Elaine as its honoree. Wwoman, one doesn’t think strategically positioned in the rear “I wondered if the work at a cancer of a tiny nun rising daily at 3:20 a.m., window, she acted on her “hankering hospital would be depressing,” says trekking by subway to arrive at 4:45 for hospital work” and a vision of living Sister Elaine. “It was not. I found such a.m. for her shift as a pre-op chaplain in the Big Apple. The Reeder, N.D., a warm spirit there. The staff works so at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer native drove to Manhattan. Sister well together. Coming to New York, I Center in New York City. Many peo- Elaine initially stayed with one of her knew after a few weeks that I had ple Sister Elaine Goodell’s age use sisters in the Bronx. (She has nine found my niche. HealthCare walkers, but Sister Elaine runs from younger siblings.) After a quick Chaplaincy and Memorial Sloan- room to room, providing what one break—a trip to Atlantic City—her Kettering are really the best.” patient calls “spiritual bodybuilding” sister gave her a Manhattan phone New York held another surprise: to hundreds of patients annually of book to search for her new career. “New Yorkers are so blunt,” she says. all ages and faiths—and nonbelievers, “I sent my résumé to John and “In South Dakota, people never con- too. Carolyn Twiname, who then ran front. My heavens, how people speak For Sister Elaine, multifaith hospi- HealthCare Chaplaincy,” explains to each other here!” tal chaplaincy is a fourth career. In her Sister Elaine. “A few days later, I called Sister Elaine’s colleagues and the previous “acts” in life she has been a Rev. Twiname. He said he was looking thousands of people she has helped nurse, a convent-based nun and a col- at my résumé right at that moment would agree that her greatest talent is lege professor of music. She joined the and asked me to come in to interview her ability to connect with people. Her Sisters of the Presentation of the with the Rev. George Handzo, who first stop each morning before dawn is Blessed Virgin Mary of Aberdeen, directed the chaplaincy department at to check the operating room so she S.D., in 1944. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer knows who is going into surgery. “It’s all “I’m inspired by Dt 12:18, where Center. He said they were looking for in how you introduce yourself. I want Moses was directing the people to a priest to be a staff chaplain, but them to know that I’m here for them at Canaan and their new home,” says maybe a nun would do.” this crucial time in their lives. No pres- Sister Elaine. “He said, ‘You are to Rev. Handzo, today vice president sure. I say, ‘If you would like me to say a rejoice before the Lord your God in for pastoral care leadership and prac- prayer for you and your surgeons, I’ll be everything you put your hand to.’” tice for HealthCare Chaplaincy, recalls glad to do that.’ Rarely does someone “When I was in South Dakota I the interview: “I still have in my mind refuse, and they’re grateful.” tried to rejoice; but in the back of my the day I stood on the sidewalk after Sister Elaine is a humble woman, but mind, I felt I didn’t really belong there,” meeting with this little 60-year-old when asked about instances when she she says. After many years at the con- nun whom we had just interviewed for has helped people, she shared a letter: vent, she took a sabbatical with a clini- our new staff chaplain position. I had cal pastoral education residency pro- just given her the speech about how we This note comes with heartfelt gram in Houston and earned creden- were interviewing several people and thanks for your gracious prayers tials as a board-certified chaplain. would get back to her. She looked me and kindnesses. You came at a Then she made a bold move in straight in the eye and said to me, moment when I and my family ‘Well, I’m the person you want and if sat in fearful silence before my AARON BILLER is a freelance writer based in you hire me, you’ll never regret it.’ operation and brought with you New York. How right she was.” an anchor for our unguided spir-

24 America March 1, 2010 its at the very moment we need- of a visit with a young man in his 20s most common forms of bone cancer in ed that solace. I thank my doc- and his mother and sister on the children. “Through years of admis- tors and the nurses who cared evening before surgery. sions, chemo and continued infections, for me, but my greater obligation “I asked if he would like a prayer for amputation of the leg was suggested to is to you and your chaplaincy for him, the family, his surgeon and the ease his suffering and to promote his that healing no physical act can team. His mother and sister immedi- healing.” The evening before his provide. It gave me courage, ately said, ‘Oh, yes!’ But the patient surgery, he shared his ambivalence reawakened my mind and soul to reached over to the nightstand, picked about surgery. He knew he had the the Lord’s hand in this effort and up a polished stone and said, ‘This is support of his surgeon whatever his left me with the strength to my support!’ I acknowledged his com- decision. “Wanting advice which I reflect without anger or bitter- could not give him, we said a prayer. I ness. Your work merits more then remarked, ‘After a good sleep recognition and gratitude than tonight, you will know exactly what you realize. you should do.’ “The next morning I ran up to his Patient Listening room to see him. He joyously said, ‘I “Patients, nurses and chaplains have have cancelled the surgery with 100 ranked talking and listening as the percent support from my surgeon.’ number one spiritual intervention and “Today he is a lawyer, married, and need,” says Sister Elaine. “How fortu- has two sons,” reports Sister Elaine. nate for chaplains to have ‘listening’ as “He called me his ‘spiritual body- their profession and to enable anoth- builder.’ He said that the counseling, er’s story to be spoken and shared.” conversation and just the company and “Listening is a lost art. Listening to my insisting that he would get out of a patient is what keeps me going at age the hospital aided his healing.” 84. You can see the difference that true Not all of Sister Elaine’s recollec- listening makes.” tions are happy ones. “Elaine has told me, ‘When you fort zone, commenting on the stone’s “A surgeon once cornered me in a notice I’m no longer effective, please tell beauty, and then continued, ‘No pres- hospital and said, ‘Sister, I want you to me, and then I’ll retire,’” says Walter J. sure on you, but if you wish, I can add a know that I have never had any feel- Smith, S.J., president and chief execu- prayer.’ He looked at his mother and ings for my patients—never.’ Then he tive officer of HealthCare Chaplaincy. sister and said, ‘I guess it won’t hurt.’ I said, ‘What shall I do?’ We visited He says: “Elaine is compassionate, fear- told him that was the one and only about this, and I gave him some simple less and will find the resources to help. guarantee I could give him. When I fin- tips for social interactions. Periodically More than once she’s called me at home ished, silence ensued. Then he abruptly I began to hear how caring and com- at night with a request: ‘Walter, it’s leaped out of bed, hugged me so tightly passionate this doctor was! A few Elaine. I’ve got a patient with a sensi- I could not move and said, ‘That prayer years ago he insisted on accompanying tive case and you must come tomorrow was exactly what I needed!’” a very ill patient 200 miles south of his morning to help him.’ Of course, I go.” As Sister Elaine explains it, “Prayer hospital in a helicopter,” Sister Elaine “There was another case 10 years brings an underlying sense of peace remembers. “There was a sudden bliz- ago,” recalls Father Smith. “A Russian- and comfort. For me, prayer is a pow- zard and all were killed.” born woman with terminal cancer erful force, energizer, bridge, reflector Sister Elaine draws inspiration wished to be received into the Roman or sign. I think prayer can enlighten, from the late cultural anthropologist Catholic Church. I baptized her. enliven, inform, gratify, teach, enable Ernest Becker, who wrote: “If I were When she died, her funeral service was and enlarge the world of the patient in asked for the most striking insight into held not in a church but at a funeral our care. On the other hand, we must human nature and the human condi- home on the Lower East Side. Elaine watch that it not be a crutch or substi- tion, it would be this: No person is called me and said, ‘Walter, we’ve got tute for genuine visiting or sharing.” strong enough to support the meaning to go to the funeral. She has a small of his or her life unaided by something family, and we need to give them sup- Spiritual Bodybuilder or someone outside of himself.” Says port.’ Of course, we went.” Sister Elaine recalls a young man who Sister Elaine, “Hopefully, I have been

ART: STEPHANIE RATCLIFFE Elaine tells the story about the end had osteogenic sarcoma, one of the that someone.” A

March 1, 2010 America 25 FAITH IN FOCUS The Quiet Space Between the lines of the Our Father BY DAVID BERRY

n rugged mountains east of Seoul, I looked slowly at each face then Korea, in forests marked by wild asked, “Did you pray like this? Our I streams, the footpaths of hardy father, who art in heaven, I have got to hikers and the rooting spots of wild start supper before the kids get home, boar, Nature and Star Lodge nestles at Hallowed be thy name, I hope I get this the end of a road up a steep valley. sales contract, Thy kingdom come, I At a weekend retreat I led there, wonder what time it is….” under images of galaxies and stars They first looked surprised, then projected on a high ceiling, the nudged one another, smiling in recog- retreatants and I paused to feel Earth’s nition. gravity pull us into our seats with a “Do you think Jesus had something sense of awe arising as we found our- in mind when he gave us that particu- selves in the midst of the miraculous lar prayer?” I asked. “Perhaps he is universe. The participants included a encouraging us to turn our attention in priest, a nun and Koreans with Italian a different direction to realize some- Christian names like Angelo and thing we did not previously notice. Maria, a custom in Korean churches. Perhaps Jesus gave us a key. But do we Mr. Kim, the founder and owner of ever pause to wonder what that key is Nature and Star Lodge, was also designed to open? Are we focused on among us. He is a quiet, intuitive man the key or on the door?” sought out for counsel by friends and As interest sparked, I invited them parishioners. other in pairs, I prayed quietly that we to put themselves into a prayerful state It was early December, so I includ- could deepen the experience and that and, when someone felt ready, to say ed Christmas carols in the retreat pro- participants would find a practice of slowly the first line of the Our Father gram to encourage expression from prayer that would make a difference to in Korean. I suggested they listen to throats and diaphragms as well as them after the retreat. An idea came to the phrase and rest in contemplation. hearts and minds. Often a familiar me, reminiscent of a practice I encoun- Why would Christ ask us to say those practice or text, like a carol, offers a tered in a Jesuit retreat: to work with words? After a few moments, when gateway to deeper feelings and percep- the most familiar practice of all. another person felt moved to speak, tions. Calling the room back to order I invit- they should slowly say the next line of The retreat was going well, but the ed them to share highlights of the pre- the prayer. Again we would remain people still seemed in a more intellec- vious exercise and then asked, “Who silent for three breaths and consider tual frame of mind, perhaps because here has said the Our Father at least the phrase. following my English and elementary 1,000 times?” As they entered silence and the Korean and then listening to a profes- The nun looked around the room priest said the first line, I began to sional translator was primarily an and then back at me as if I had asked a pray an Our Father silently in English. intellectual exercise. foolish question, “Everyone,” she said. The pauses they left between the lines Nearing the end of our time togeth- “Ten thousand times?” I asked. were longer than I expected; the er one day, as people shared with each They looked around at one another, phrases of the familiar prayer were all nodding, “Yes, everyone.” spoken in earnest and with focused DAVID BERRY is a consultant and speaker on “One hundred thousand times?” attention. When the prayer was over, sustainability who lives in Virginia. “Most, yes maybe all of us.” the intellectual frame had given way to ART: RICK PARKER

26 America March 1, 2010 a feeling of well-being and deep con- nection. We sat quietly for a few min- Chief Operating Officer utes reflecting on what had happened Paulist Press - Mahwah, New Jersey and then took a short break. The As a mission of the Paulist Fathers, the Paulist Press spreads the Good News by workshop closed at the appointed intersecting faith and culture, and fostering sound dialog and scholarship time an hour later. through spiritual leadership and religious insight. The Press is a leading A few days later, Mr. Kim told a publisher of books as well as educational programs and materials for parish participant that after the retreat, in a renewal. In its 143rd year, the Press is continuing to transform itself to better building he had erected with his own fulfill its mission in the changing world of publishing and media. hands but in which for years he had a Paulist Press seeks a Chief Operating Officer to collaborate with the Publisher sense of the “energy not being right,” in supporting the mission and vision and executing the business plan. something had shifted. He had a Reporting to the Publisher and the Press Board of Directors, the COO has peaceful feeling there for the first P&L responsibility and ensures the organizational capability and development time. of tangible and intangible assets. Since that weekend I have often This role requires skill and experience in the publishing/media business, prayed with silent pauses between the product development, various media channels, the competitive landscape and lines, and I am still startled by what revenue management dynamics. Also required is the ability to identify and sometimes happens during one heart- build new revenue streams in support of the mission. The COO must be a felt Our Father. What each of us finds dynamic leader able to lead change and cultural transformation, build effective teams, and sustain relationships with the board and customers. This role there differs of course. For me, in the requires experience in managing the cost side of the business including first two words I sometimes hear warehouse management, distribution, production, and facilities, as well as myself calling out, almost imploring analyzing financial statements and drawing inferences to assist in strategic the Lord to be present. Then I realize planning. it is I who am less than fully present. Please send a letter of interest, resume and salary history electronically to: Sometimes the spaces are filled with [email protected], attention Board of Directors. racing thoughts on unresolved issues. At those times I leave space for a few more slow breaths until the storm set- tles, until I realize that my prayers are answered by grace and blessings. When I forgive others, I feel a release of the judgments and unhappiness that were hurting me more than any- one else. I don’t wish to bring unhappi- ness to anyone, I realize; if they were happy and aware they would rarely offend others. So I begin to pray for them, too. More than a year later, while at a Christian service at an interfaith gath- ering on the National Mall next to the Washington Monument, I invited SPRING IRISH FESTIVAL many participants from diverse tradi- Celtic Sites and Sounds · March 16 · Loyola University Chicago tions to pray one Our Father in that way. The spaces between the lines Messages & Missions: Communication Among Celtic Churches 1SPGFTTPS
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March 1, 2010 America 27 BOOKS &CULTURE

PORTFOLIO | TERRENCE DEMPSEY am the museum’s director). The exhi- bition brings together works by 31 LENTEN MYSTERIES artists from diverse religious back- grounds, all from the museum’s collec- Perspectives on the Passion in contemporary art tion or on long-term loan. These artists refer to the suffering Christ— distraught woman collapses The capacity for art to transcend some to address matters of faith, oth- in grief over the news of the the particular circumstances of its cre- ers to address significant social issues A deaths of five family mem- ation and reinvigorate timeless themes or more personal experiences of loss or bers. An image from Haiti? Yes, but and symbols is key to “Good Friday: suffering. Their works testify to the she cries out from a work of art entitled The Suffering Christ power of the image of “Crucifixion—Haiti,” created in 1997 in Contemporary ON THE WEB the suffering Christ by Helen David Brancato, I.H.M., in Art,” a new exhibit Reviews and a discussion even in our multicul- of this year’s Oscar contenders. response to a photograph of a woman now on display at americamagazine.org/oscar tural world. whose loved ones were among 400 vic- Saint Louis Univer- Given its mission, tims of a ferry boat accident in that sity’s Museum of the museum sought country. Sister Helen’s scene is painted Contemporary Religious Art, the to invite visitors to approach the works on scrap wood, as if on wreckage from world’s first interfaith contemporary as doorways to prayer, to make art a the sunken boat. In the painting, the art museum. This marks an encore part of their Lenten experience through woman’s open arms echo Christ’s arms presentation of “Good Friday,” first active engagement of their imagina- spread on the cross. shown in Lent 2009 (full disclosure: I tions—a hallmark of the Ignatian PICE, “JESUS IN CENTRAL AMERICA—THE FIRST STATION OF THE CROSS,” 1987. OIL PASTEL ON PAPER. COLLECTION E MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS ART. PHOTO: JEFFREY VAUGHN. DOUGLAS D

28 America March 1, 2010 method of contemplation. The muse- um also ventured beyond the typical docent-guided exhibition tour. A book- let offered to visitors follows the exhibi- tion’s thematic structure, which groups the works according to key moments of the Passion. The booklet also provides relevant passages from Scripture and questions for reflection. Undergraduate and graduate theology classes, members of the faculty and staff and area parish- ioners are among the many groups for whom “Good Friday” has opened another path to prayer, in which images can play an important role. Among the works in “Good Friday” that consistently draw visitors into reflection is “Prayer of the Faithful in Ordinary Time,” by Adrian Kellard (1959–91), who reworked a popular image of Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemane to express the com- panionship he himself found in Christ when faced with the ordeal of H.I.V./AIDS. By incorporating a tick- ing clock into the work, Kellard acknowledges the inevitability of human mortality. Like “Crucifixion—Haiti,” other works with specific references reach across the boundaries of time and geography. Douglas DePice’s 1987 drawing “Jesus in Central America— The First Station of the Cross” shows a man detained by a soldier in the midst of civil unrest in El Salvador. During a visit by a group of graduate students, both a Methodist minister from the Democratic Republic of Congo and a Nigerian Catholic priest told me that they responded strongly to this work, which recalled encoun- ters with the military in their own countries. More abstract works also may sug- gest connections to the Passion, such as “Icon Wall,” Craig Antrim’s vibrant 64-panel meditation on the cross, or Peter Ambrose’s “First Death,” a Cubist-inspired sculpture of roughly hewn wood blocks and cast-iron wedges that evokes Jesus’ flagellation. ADRIAN KELLARD, “PRAYER OF THE FAITHFUL IN ORDINARY TIME,” 1991. LATEX ON WOOD WITH MIXED MEDIA. COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS ART. PHOTO: JEFFREY VAUGHN.

March 1, 2010 America 29 dwell on a particularly interesting T. pope. Pope St. Gregory the Great (590-604) receives a whole chapter because of his innovative and effective leadership during a period of almost complete collapse of civil government in Rome. Because of this, O’Malley believes that Gregory may have been the “most successful and respected pope of all times.” By contrast, the story of Stephen VI illustrates that the barque of Peter has not always been so ably steered. It was Stephen (896-97) who exhumed the body of his prede- cessor Formosus for the infamous cadaver trial. Not surprisingly, the corpse did not mount a strong self- defense, so Stephen had the three fin- gers of its right hand hacked off before throwing the rest of the remains into the Tiber. O’Malley includes other relatively Michael David’s large inverted cross- in the exhibition invite a compassion- small details that are more significant shaped painting “Crowning With ate response by reaching out to others than they might seem at first glance. Thorns” alludes to the Nazi concen- in need. As Cardinal Carlo Maria For example, when John VIII (872- tration camps but allows viewers to Martini, S.J., notes in a reflection on 82) heard that Methodius (he and his bring their own memories and associ- Dostoevsky’s The Idiot, “The beauty brother Cyril were the great apostles SR. HELEN DAVID BRANCATO, I.H.M., “CRUCIFIXION—HAITI,” 1997. MIXED MEDIA. COLLECTION OF THE MUSEUM CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS AR ations. that will save the world is the love that to the Slavs) was singing the liturgy “in “Good Friday” was organized both shares the pain.” a barbaric tongue,” he called him to to explore the enduring power of the Rome. After speaking with image of the suffering Christ for con- TERRENCE DEMPSEY, S.J., the founding direc- Methodius, John approved this novel temporary artists and audiences and to tor of the Museum of Contemporary Religious method of evangelization and said: help visitors discover art as a potential Art, is the May O’Rourke Jay Professor of Art “He who made three languages— History at Saint Louis University. “Good gateway to prayer. Like Sister Helen’s Friday: The Suffering Christ in Contemporary Hebrew, Greek, and Roman—also Haitian crucifixion, many of the works Art” runs through April 25. made other languages to sing his praise and glory.” Unfortunately, 18th-centu- ry popes, notably Clement XI (1700- BOOKS | ANTHONY D. ANDREASSI 21), seemed blissfully unaware of this precedent when they condemned some AFTER PETER of the liturgical innovations made by Jesuit missionaries during the Chinese Rites Controversy in their attempt to A HISTORY OF THE POPES theology of the papacy must be based evangelize in the Far East. From Peter to the Present on a well-grounded and scrupulously O’Malley’s treatment of the medi- By John W. O’Malley, S.J. honest history of the development of eval popes is consistently clear and Sheed & Ward. 368p $26.95 the Petrine office. And in serving up engaging, but he really hits his stride this kind of hard-nosed history of so when he reaches the popes of the early It has been said that church historians many saints and sinners, O’Malley modern period, his own area of spe- keep theologians honest. If this is true, surely does not disappoint. cialization. He is too honest to conceal then John W. O’Malley, S.J., has ren- Given the breadth of his topic, the moral bankruptcy of some of the dered them (and us) an outstanding O’Malley necessarily maintains a brisk Renaissance popes, but his popes service, for his book reveals that any pace but frequently slows down to always remain complex human beings

30 America March 1, 2010 who often embody both the saint and a successful synthesis of a vast and sinner. Take Paul III, for example. As a complicated topic. And its publication young man and a cardinal, Alessandro is just one more reason O’Malley Farnese fathered several illegitimate rightly deserves the title of dean of children, but he eventually experi- American Catholic church historians. enced a religious conversion and His ability to synthesize a notoriously changed his ways. During his pontifi- controversial topic in an authoritative cate (1534-49), he not only convoked fashion and without polemic recalls the Council of Trent but he also the similar ability of the recently approved the constitutions of the deceased Louvain church historian Jesuits and the Ursulines (one of the Roger Aubert. O’Malley demonstrat- earliest groups of active women reli- ed a similar gift for lucid and percep- gious in the church). The founding of tive synthesis in What Happened at groups such as these were surely not Vatican II, which enabled the reader Paul’s initiative, but as O’Malley to see the forest as well as the trees at points out, Paul certainly “deserves the council. With this study, he per- credit for seeing them as helpmates forms a similar service for the papacy, and not as threats.” Sometimes the although some professional Vatican best thing a pope can do is simply not bureaucrats may not appreciate the get in the way of the Holy Spirit. effort. As O’Malley moves toward the the early popes once held. modern era, his story becomes even This book does not aim at sup- REV. ANTHONY D. ANDREASSI, a priest of the Brooklyn Oratory, holds a doctorate in his- more interesting. Here the reader can planting lengthier histories. It stands tory and teaches at Regis High School in New appreciate the extent to which the on its own merits as a fine example of York City. functioning of the papacy today is rooted in the office’s history and devel- opment during the previous two cen- RON HANSEN turies. Ironically, as the popes lost more and more of their temporal FRIENDSHIP, RIVALRY, REDEMPTION power, they came to claim more reli- gious and ecclesiastical authority. The Code of Canon Law of 1917, for UNFINISHED DESIRES She expresses gratitude in those example, gave the pope sole authority A Novel reflections; she admires the “holy dar- to appoint all the bishops of the world. By Gail Godwin ing” of the order’s English foundress, Before this, the nomination process Random House. 416p $26 and yet she also guiltily worries over varied greatly and often included many the “toxic year” of 1951-52. That is the voices. Today some argue that papal In 2001, 85-year-old Mother Suzanne year that a beautiful, frail Bostonian, authority in this area is rooted in the Ravenel, of the Order of St. Mother Kate Malloy, joins them in the office’s very origins and so is absolute. Scholastica, begins an oral history of a mile-high altitude of their mountain It is the church historian’s job to point Catholic girls’ academy in North campus. She would be teaching a out that this has not always been the Carolina, an account that would later ninth-grader named Tildy Stratton, case. be published as Mount St. Gabriel’s who has jettisoned Maud Norton as a O’Malley’s judgment of the more Remembered. She jogs her memory friend because of irregularities in recent popes is a bit more tentative. with yearbooks and “scrapbooks cover- Maud’s home life and has accepted And in tying his whole book together, ing the years from the school’s opening into her closest friendship Chloe O’Malley reminds his readers that in 1910 to its closing in 1990,” but she Starnes, a cousin and new day student while the papacy may be the oldest liv- is also intimately connected with the now living with her uncle after the ing institution in the Western world, place, having started there as a sev- sudden death of her mother. its day-to-day functioning in 2010 enth-grade boarder in 1929, taken The relationships can be slightly may owe far more to the vows as a postulant in her senior year dizzying at first, for as Uncle Henry Ultramontatist spirit of the 19th cen- and become headmistress of the acade- notes for Chloe, “I hardly see how you tury than to the office that Peter and my at the age of 29. can be an outsider [at Mount St.

March 1, 2010 America 31 Gabriel’s] when there are so many con- Wallingford’s impetuous purchase of a oral history, “You could say I offered nections. Mother Ravenel was your rambling, 80-bedroom Victorian hotel my play as tinder and threw in the first Aunt Antonia’s best friend. And at auction in 1909 in order lit match myself.” Antonia’s niece Tildy Stratton will be to create the girl’s school. To say more your classmate. Antonia and her twin Suzy Ravenel’s play ended would give away too sister, Cornelia, and your mother were with the poignant legend much. Godwin is the all in the class of thirty-four.” of a Caroline DuPree, who celebrated, best- Shifting through time just as mem- sadly died of malaria just selling author of 12 ory does, Gail Godwin swiftly devel- before she could enter the earlier, critically ops a host of female characters and novitiate. An unfinished acclaimed novels, two overarching plot lines: one having statue of the girl in red including The Odd to do with Antonia and Suzanne dis- Italian marble was the Woman, Father cerning a religious vocation with the focus of an academy grot- Melancholy’s Order of St. Scholastica when they to. Daughter and the were seniors, and the other having to But the ending of “The gorgeous Evenings at do with Headmistress Ravenel’s deci- Red Nun” would change in Five. She writes with sion to concentrate Tildy’s flair and the 1951 performance a 19th-century intri- energies in directing “The Red Nun,” a because Cornelia Stratton, cacy of plot, the play written by Suzy Ravenel when Tildy’s mother, resents Mother shrewdness and wit of Muriel Spark in she too was a 14-year-old freshman. Ravenel for having been “a pernicious The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and a In 1931, “The Red Nun” was a influence” on her twin sister when tender, fetching, Southern voice that ghostly pageant that depicted the con- Antonia and Suzanne were intimates, may owe something to Margaret version to Catholicism of Elizabeth and she urges her daughter to invent Mitchell’s Gone With the Wind. Wallingford, a sea journey to America “some sort of breakout from the tradi- Godwin in fact attended St. with her Irish “fellow adventurer,” tional old party line. Her party line. “ Genevieve-of-the-Pines school for Fiona Finney, and Mother As Mother Ravenel puts it in her girls in Asheville through the ninth

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32 America March 1, 2010 grade and in her “Acknowledgements” indebtedness to the graceful, dedicat- acters think of this future winner of thanks Mother Kathleen Winters, ed, soul-searching nuns who them- the Nobel Prize for Literature and the R.C.E., “for fifty years of friendship selves were “works in progress” but Mann Booker Prize (twice, and a final- and spiritual guidance.” oversaw those years with such wisdom ist again for Summertime)? The Not the least of the pleasures in and love. women wonder whether he might be Unfinished Desires is to read it as a fond homosexual—and if not that, then RON HANSEN’s most recent novel is Exiles. remembrance of the hectic melodra- He teaches at Santa Clara University, Santa certainly not a very adroit or expressive mas of adolescence and an act of Clara, Calif. lover (“neither rich nor handsome nor appealing....a narrow, myopic kind of cleverness...no sexual presence what- soever”). Even now, decades after they JOHN C. HAWLEY had played a major role in his life, they are not very impressed with him. But IMAGINARY FRIENDS since the author sees fit to include them in John Coetzee’s story, it would appear that he, on the other hand, was SUMMERTIME and unrelated stories that make up the impressed with them—for good or ill. A Novel first novel: one a tale of the slow descent Summertime compiles some snippets By J. M. Coetzee into insanity of an American agent of from 1972 to 1975 in a notebook the Viking. 272p $25.95 psychological warfare during protagonist left the Vietnam War; the other behind, plus inter- J. M. Coetzee has now published 20 the story of a Coetzee ances- views undertaken by books, among them several fictional- tor who was once nursed a Mr. Vincent as ized autobiographies: Boyhood: Scenes back to health by a background for a from Provincial Life (1997), Yo ut h Namaqua tribe in southern proposed biography (2002) and now this one, which covers Africa, to whom he later of the famous author. the 1970s but is presented in our own returns and whom he One might not be year, following “John Coetzee’s” recent slaughters. By analogy, the surprised that the death, and told through the reminis- stories display the atavism at inscrutable Coetzee cences of those who knew him back the heart of colonization and would take the occa- then. Boyhood deals, in third person, thereby announce the agen- sion of his autobiog- with Coetzee’s struggle in the 50s in da for the rest of Coetzee’s raphy to write, Cape Town, South Africa, to gain work: typically, a relatively instead, the biogra- some respect for his father while trying slight tale of a male protago- phy of others—his to recover from an overdependence on nist uncomfortable with his body, his aged father, with whom he lives; one of his mother. Yo ut h moves into the 60s, history, his ambitions and his coterie. his female cousins; the mother of a and observes the same imagined char- Surprisingly, and in a most round- young Brazilian girl he tutored in acter’s move to London and Berkshire, about way, one might conclude that English; a former married colleague at where he tries a desiccating job at a Summertime’s meandering series of the university where he taught and with computer company while yearning for interviews with relatives and former whom he had an affair. As an autobiog- a literary life. There his ineptitude at lovers of “John Coetzee” (none of raphy, this is a postmodern series of poetry mirrors his nascent love life. whom appears to mourn his passing) points of view—a kind of Afrikaner Coetzee published his first novel, does reveal the perceptions faux inti- Rashomon—all truncated and filtered Dusklands, in 1974, so we might expect mates may have had of him during the through an imaginary biographer. What that Summertime provides him an occa- 70s—at least in J. M. Coetzee’s imagi- is gained by this approach, among other sion to reveal the influences and pro- nation. The book provides a back- things, is a suspension of suspicion on cesses that brought it about. Since this handed insight into what Coetzee the part of readers who might otherwise author’s forte is reticence, however, we imagines to have been the influences look with a jaundiced eye on the autobi- are left to imagine how the ricocheting during his important creative decade, ographer’s self-understanding. Since the biographical details that occasionally the one that set the stage for all the contributors are unsparing in their bleak shoot by the reader of Summertime novels and essays that followed. summaries of Coetzee’s limitations, might have resulted in the two violent And what do the interviewed char- readers are more likely to jump to the

March 1, 2010 America 33 other side of the equation and mentally The Reid Group Forum for Diocesan Leaders defend the famous man against these Planning for Parish Reorganization unfeeling or jealous individuals. May 18–19, 2010 The first entry in the notebook asks Holiday Inn Express O’Hare - Chicago, Illinois the rhetorical question: “Where in the Join other diocesan teams to learn a proven approach to world can one hide where one will not planning – implemented in the Archdiocese of Newark feel soiled?” The answer for J. M. and the Dioceses of Scranton and Madison – that saves Coetzee would seem to be: between thousands of dollars and promotes parish renewal. the lines—so see if you can find me. In Dioceses will come away with: fact, the central portion of this book, Prophetic Presenters John Reid and the interviews, might actually serve as s 3TRATEGIESTOHELPPARISHES Maureen Gallagher Planning a massive displacement of our atten- and parishioners enhance their Who should attend? commitment to the mission and Five to seven of your diocesan tion, a plea not to focus on Coetzee ministry of Jesus Christ leaders who will work with the but on the lives around him. Thus, Change and bishop to implement diocesan- s 3KILLSANDMATERIALSTOPLANFORPARISH wide planning initiatives. while many of those interviewed argue Transition reorganization in your diocese, that their lives must hold no particular and to minister to individuals and communities in the midst of change, interest except insofar as they had a For more information, relationship with the famous man, J. including rituals of loss and grief visit Conflict M. Coetzee seems to feel differently, Management s !SCHEDULEFORFOLLOW UPCOACHING www.TheReidGroup.biz calls or call 800-916-3472 surrendering the bulk of the book to s !COPYOFThe Art of Change: Faith, Call now: them and to an account of their lives. Vision and Prophetic Planning and 10% discount for first But since the bulk of the book is sur- Plan companion DVD by John Reid and five dioceses to register rendered to them, and since they are J. Implemen- Maureen Gallagher tation M. Coetzee’s imaginary playthings, the Co-sponsored by Conference for Pastoral Planning and Council Development author seems to feel differently. The other bookend, though, is a number of undated notebook frag- Poetry Contest ments, and these obsess over John Coetzee’s relationship with his father. Poems are being accepted for the 2010 Near the novel’s end he pleads for for- Foley Poetry Award giveness... Each entrant is asked to submit for countless acts of meanness. only one typed, unpublished For the meanness of heart in poem of 30 lines or fewer that is which those acts originated. In not under consideration else- sum, for all I have done since the where. Include contact informa- day I was born, and with such suc- tion on the same page as the poem. Poems will not be cess, to make your life a misery. returned. Please do not submit poems by e-mail or fax. The “agenbite of inwit” (prick of Submissions must be post- conscience) to which he refers in an marked between Jan. 1 and March 31. early notebook entry haunts this novel, as it seems to haunt the body of Poems received outside the designated period will be treated as regular poetry Coetzee’s writing. submissions, and are not eligible for the prize. The story is not over. There are sev- eral decades left for this fascinating The winning poem will be published in the June 7-14 issue of America. Three runner-up poems will be published in subsequent issues. chameleon to recreate, but for all his particularity he manages to sound very Cash prize: $1,000. much like Everyman.

Send poems to: Foley Poetry Contest JOHN C. HAWLEY is chair of the department America, 106 West 56th Street, New York, NY 10019 of English at Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, Calif.

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March 1, 2010 America 35 tutions of the archdiocese. Additional responsibili- 2010. Salary will be commensurate with experi- CLASSIFIED ties include managing and directing archdiocesan ence and is negotiable, depending on qualifications Books worship activities; preparing archdiocesan liturgies; and experience. Interested candidates are asked to HELP SEVERELY AUTISTIC adults. Buy a book at providing consultation, resources and workshops; send a cover letter, résumé and names, addresses douglasacres.com. and developing and administering programs of and telephone numbers of three professional refer- liturgical formation consistent with archdiocesan ences to: [email protected] or Dr. Anthony Education policies, goals and guidelines. Master’s degree in Miserandino, Search Committee, Mount St. OBLATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY offers an liturgical studies or theology and four to five years Michael Academy, 4300 Murdock Avenue, Bronx, M.A. degree in spirituality; regular semester and of pastoral experience preferred. The successful NY 10466. intersession courses. Web: www.ost.edu. candidate must be a practicing Catholic with exten- sive knowledge of Roman Catholic doctrine, church Retreats Parish Missions law and religious and liturgical programs and ser- BETHANY RETREAT HOUSE, East Chicago, Ind., INSPIRING, DYNAMIC PREACHING: parish vices that would be acquired through three to five offers private and individually directed silent retreats, missions, retreats, days of recollection; www years of related experience. For more information including Ignatian 30 days, year-round in .sabbathretreats.org. or to apply, please visit our Web site at www.arch- a prayerful home setting. Contact Joyce Diltz, balt.org/employment. EOE M/F/D/V P.H.J.C.; (219) 398-5047; [email protected]; Positions www.bethanyretreathouse.org COLLEGE CHAPLAIN. Mount Saint Mary PRINCIPAL. Brooklyn Jesuit Prep is seeking a College, celebrating its 50th anniversary in principal to begin July 1, 2010.This Jesuit-spon- BETHANY SPIRITUALITY CENTER, Highland Newburgh, N.Y., seeks a chaplain to serve the col- sored Nativity school in Crown Heights current- Mills, N.Y., offers the following retreats: “Preaching lege’s faith community of students, faculty, staff ly enrolls 70 boys and girls in grades 5–8. A com- the Just Word,” May 10-14, for clergy and other min- and administrators. Appointment commencing plete job description and instructions for apply- isters of God's word, with Rev. Raymond Kemp and the 2010-11 academic year. The chaplain shall be ing can be found on the Web site www.nynativi Nancy Sheridan, S.A.S.V. Visit www.bethanyspiri- an ordained Catholic priest. He will supervise ty.org. tualitycenter.org, or call (845) 460-3061; “Praying sacramental worship, prayer, devotionals, spiritual With Creation: An Exploration of Ecological development programs, retreats and pastoral coun- PRINCIPAL. Mount St. Michael Academy, owned Spirituality,” June 3-6, with Alexandra Kovats, seling in accordance with Catholic and Dominican and operated by the Marist Brothers of the C.S.J.P.; “Sacred Spaces,” July 2-9, with Margaret teachings, to foster religious and spiritual values in Schools, seeks qualified candidates for the position Silf. campus life. The chaplain will also participate in of Principal. The school is a boys’ Catholic high orientation, Parents Weekend, Commencement, school located on a 22-acre campus in the north WISDOM HOUSE, Litchfield, Conn. Retreats Open Houses, New Student Days, Alumni Bronx and borders on Westchester County. It is include: March 6, Praying Luke’s Gospel in Lent, Weekend and other events. Campus housing and recognized by the U.S. Department of Education Rev. Wm. Carter; March 8-10, Quiet days for per- meals provided. Send résumé indicating experience and U.S. News and World Report as a “School of sonal retreats; March 12-14, Merton and Jung— and salary to: Harry Steinway, Vice President for Excellence” serving a population of over 1,100 Journey to the True Self, Donald Bisson, FMS. Student Development, Mount Saint Mary urban, multicultural students in grades 6 through Contact (860) 567-3163; programs@wisdom- College, 330 Powell Avenue, Newburgh, NY 12. Ideal candidate should be a practicing Catholic house.org; www.wisdomhouse.org. 12550; e-mail: [email protected]. and hold a master’s degree in educational adminis- tration and have a minimum of 10 years of educa- Translator tional experience and a strong background in stu- DIRECTOR OF WORSHIP, Archdiocese of SPANISH TRANSLATOR. Luis Baudry-Simon, dent-focused achievements and instructional lead- Baltimore. The Archdiocese of Baltimore seeks a specialized in religion/human sciences, will trans- ership. Candidate must be New York State certi- Director of Worship to serve as a primary resource late into Spanish any book, article, essay, blog, fied in administration or in the process of attaining to the archbishop and archdiocese for the liturgical Web site. E-mail: [email protected]; such certification. Application deadline is March 3, life and formation of the church. This individual Ph: (815) 461-0321. will oversee the implementation of the 2000 revi- 2010. sion of the Roman Missal in the parishes and insti- The position will be filled effective July 1, Web Sites THE EVOLUTION OF SYMBIOSIS is nature’s pattern and God’s plan. Enrich your faith with the Looking for a job in the synthesis of science. Free resources at: www.secon- denlightenment.org and www.evolution101.org. Catholic sector? America classified. Classified advertisements are Hiring at your church or school? accepted for publication in either the print version of America or on our Web site, www.americam- agazine.org. Ten-word minimum. Rates are per word JOB LISTINGS per issue. 1-5 times: $1.50; 6-11 times: $1.28; 12-23 times: $1.23; 24-41 times: $1.17; 42 times or more: $1.12. For an additional $30, your print ad will be posted on America’s Web site for one week. The flat rate for a Web-only classified ad is $150 for 30 days. Ads may be submitted by e-mail to: ads@americam- agazine.org; by fax to (928) 222-2107; by postal mail to: Classified Department, America, 106 West 56th St., New York, NY 10019. To post a classified ad For more information visit americamagazine.org online, go to our home page and click on “Advertising” at the top of the page. We do not accept ad copy over or e-mail [email protected] the phone. MasterCard and Visa accepted. For more information call: (212) 515-0102.

36 America March 1, 2010 LETTERS We should not allow Madison beyond the human pale of fault. Avenue to provide us clever labels, I certainly did not come away from Trillions for Defense even if they put our position in a favor- this arresting film buoyed with any- Re “Weakened by Defense” (Editorial, able light or the opponent’s position in thing like hope, even whispers of it. 1/18): I don’t know whether I should an unfavorable one. That may say something about the smile or cry when I hear the word tril- PETER CASTALDI director’s nihilism. Thanks for the Shrewsbury, Mass. lion used so glibly in the media today. good review of an interesting and com- How much is a trillion dollars? No pelling, if flawed, film. Compelling, if Flawed human being has ever been able to JOHN A. COLEMAN, S.J. count to a trillion for the simple reason Re “Guilt Remains” (Web only, 2/22): San Francisco, Calif. that, if you could say one number I, like Maurice Timothy Reidy, was every second, it would take you 32,000 deeply captivated—yet also trou- Simply Grateful years to count to one trillion. To spell bled—by Michael Haneke’s film “The All I can say to Kevin Clarke is, thank it out: There are 3,600 seconds in 1 White Ribbon.” It is, one can say, one God those boys have you both as par- hour, 86,400 seconds in 1 day, of the most beautifully photographed ents (Of Many Things, 2/15). Thank 31,536,000 seconds in 1 year, films in recent years. Many saw a you for sharing your personal story in 31,536,000,000 seconds in 1,000 resemblance to Ingmar Bergman’s a wonderful article. years, 1,009,152,000,000 seconds in great films. At no moment as I ANN O’DONAGHUE New York, N.Y. 32,000 years. watched the film was I anything but LARRY N. LORENZONI, S.D.B. mesmerized. San Francisco, Calif. Still, like your reviewer, I felt the The Real Greensboro Four lack of redemption, compassion, the Re “Saving a Lunch Counter” Slogans and Labels other side of our sinfulness. In many (Current Comment, 2/15): A magazine with the thoughtful, ways, the director seems too easily to I am a longtime reader who eagerly Christian background of America dis- say, “We all were guilty.” While that awaits each new issue of America. I appoints me by using the pro-life label may be true in some sense, like the was pleased to see your coverage of the (Signs of the Times, 2/15). Everyone I Nuremburg trials, we also need to cal- opening on Feb. 1 of the International know is pro-life; they much prefer life culate carefully true metrics or mea- Civil Rights Center and Museum in to death, and they abhor the notion of sures of guilt. When all are guilty, Greensboro, N.C. I was disappointed, taking life, particularly the life of an somehow we lack the bite for those however, to see a glaring error in your infant at any stage of conception or who are more sinful, more guilty, coverage. The Greensboro Four who development. Similarly, everyone I know is pro-choice: People should be given as many choices as are possible WITHOUT GUILE without preventing or neutralizing the legitimate choices of others. The abortion debate uses labels to cover the real issue: should terminat- ing the life of a child in the womb be handled in the legal system as a crimi- nal act, or should it be recognized as a painful moral decision to be made in the realm of conscience without state involvement? Such debasing of words and advertising slogans makes it hard for a person of conscience to find sin- cerity in the discussion. I expect America to impose disci- pline on its use of language always, especially when a moral issue is being discussed. It is the truth that will set us free, and truth appears only in lan-

guage carefully and prayerfully used. CARTOON BY HARLEY SCHWADRON

March 1, 2010 America 37 sat at the Woolworth counter on Feb. compassionate as [our] Father is com- ate boss at times. I still mourn the loss 1, 1960, included Franklin McCain, passionate.” (Lk 6:36). Compassion is of Lenny Briscoe! Keep up your great Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair Jr. (Jibreel one of a physician’s most powerful work, Mr. Balcer! Khazan) and the late David tools, one that brings blessing to those JOE WALKER East Grand Rapids, Mich. Richmond—not Melvin Alston and who wield it. Earl Jones. ANDRE F. LIJOI, M.D. York, Pa. The Seamless Robe Alston and Jones, active in city and Thank you, William Van Ornum, for state politics, were visionaries in their No More Law and Order your excellent review of the movie effort to save the downtown Re “Moral Convictions,” by Emily “Extraordinary Measures” (Web only, Woolworth’s and create a civil rights Brennan (Books and Culture, 2/22): I 2/15). For over 40 years I have lived in museum to honor the place where the used to watch “Law and Order,” but I that deep divide between rhetoric and sit-in movement started. They were don’t anymore. René Balcer, the show’s reality for families who care for chil- not, however, participants in the sit-in producer, has a very left-wing political dren with special needs. Both of my at Woolworth’s. ideology, and at times he gets very EDWARD ROBINSON children, who have special needs, have Greensboro, N.C. preachy about his particular political lived with me their entire lives. Now point of view. He never gives any that I am getting older and less able to A Doctor’s Vocation attention to the other side—only the care for them, my deepest anxiety is left’s spin. I watch television for enter- When a physician’s work transcends about what will happen to them when tainment, not to be preached at from occupation and becomes one of voca- I am incapacitated. either side of the political spectrum. I have to rely on governmental pro- tion, then God’s grace begins to work JIM COLLINS through us, as Dr. Pat Fosarelli so Farmington Hills, Mich. grams, as the church by and large does aptly describes in her essay “Healing not have anything to offer my family. Faith” (1/18). Her essay is a beautiful Up With Law and Order While I am avidly pro-life, I am also testament to how we meet the suffer- “Law and Order” is one of my very very critical of the pro-life groups, who ing Christ and are blessed in our work favorite television shows. I appreciate should be in the forefront of helping as physicians. The Holy Spirit leads us it not only because the stories are rele- our families and are strangely missing. forward and empowers us and we are vant to city life today, but also because My family’s needs were well known able to “suffer with” our patient and the scripts and the acting stimulate in the parishes we belonged to. I have share the compassion that God has for moral reflection and discernment. given up on getting any kind of help each of us—the suffering, their loved Connie seems to be Jack McCoy’s con- for us, but there are many young fami- ones and those who are called to help science in some episodes. She also is lies who need the kind of loving sup- them. God’s grace allows us to “be courageous in challenging her immedi- port that Catholics can and should give as part of the body of Christ. Why the disconnect between advocat- ing for life of the unborn and then abandoning those families who give birth to a child with disabilities? I am sad to have to say that I have been sustained throughout my parent- hood by my Catholic faith but have been abandoned by my church, the people of God. JANICE JOHNSON San Diego, Calif.

America (ISSN 0002-7049) is published weekly (except for 13 To send a letter to the editor we recommend using the link that appears below combined issues: Jan. 4-11, 18-25, Feb. 1-8, April 12-19, June 7- 14, 21-28, July 5-12, 19-26, Aug. 2-9, 16-23, Aug. 30-Sept. 6, articles on America’s Web site, www.americamagazine.org. This allows us to Sept. 13-20, Dec. 20-27) by America Press, Inc., 106 West 56th consider your letter for publication in both print and online versions of the mag- Street, New York, NY 10019. Periodicals postage is paid at New York, N.Y., and additional mailing offices. Business Manager: Lisa azine. Letters may also be sent to America’s editorial office (address on page Pope; Circulation: Judith Palmer, (212) 581-4640. Subscriptions: 2) or by e-mail to: [email protected]. They should be brief and United States, $56 per year; add U.S. $30 postage and GST (#131870719) for Canada; or add U.S. $54 per year for interna- include the writer’s name, postal address and daytime phone number. Letters tional priority airmail. Postmaster: Send address changes to: America, 106 West 56th St. New York, NY 10019. Printed in the may be edited for length and clarity. U.S.A.

38 America March 1, 2010 THE WORD I Am Who Am THIRD SUNDAY OF LENT (C), MARCH 7, 2010 Readings: Ex 3:1-8a, 13-15; Ps 103:1-11; 1 Cor 10:1-12; Lk 13:1-9 “I AM the One who causes to be what comes into existence” (Ex 3:14)

well-known evangelical tumor. In an instant her life took a dra- who is and who causes all to be. Yet we preacher recently pointed a matic turn, as the possibility of a long for precise answers to A finger at the Haitians, shortened life faced her. Her response our most difficult ques- declaring that their own sinfulness had brought many up short. “I can honest- tions. Moses insists that he brought down upon them the wrath of ly say I have no regrets,” she needs to be able to tell the God in the form of an earthquake. It’s said. The Gospel today Israelites who it is that sent such a simple explanation: If some- invites all of us more him. But God rightly thing bad happens, then the victims deeply into such a rela- resists any limitations of must have done something to deserve tionship with God, human categorization. In it. That’s what Jesus figures people are where we too can say we ancient cultures it was thinking when they report to him are ready at any moment, thought that knowing about those whom Pilate murdered with no regrets. another’s name gave you and the people who were killed when a The Gospel also under- power over that person. tower fell on them. scores God’s patience in Not only can we not have power There may, indeed, be sinful causes waiting for us to repent and “bear behind these events but not on the fruit.” In Luke’s Gospel, repentance PRAYING WITH SCRIPTURE part of the victim. Pilate, who carries does not come about by human efforts out violent executions of innocent at reforming our lives. Rather, the pro- • Allow God to reveal to you a new name people, embodies a sin-wracked sys- cess of transformation begins with for Holy Mystery. Try it out in your prayer. tem. Deaths caused by shoddy work- God’s gracious initiative. Our Lenten • If the end of your earthly life were near, manship or construction shortcuts, practices help to sharpen our ability to would you be ready? when profit is prized over human safe- be transformed and to respond in • What is an example of God’s patience ty, are the result of sinful practices but such ways that can set us ablaze with with you? not those of the ones who fall victim. divine love, like the bush that caused In the Gospel, Jesus does not Moses to turn aside and look. ART: TAD DUNNE answer the more complex question of The examples of people dying in over God, but any words or images we why bad things happen to good peo- unexpected ways are not meant to use are completely inadequate to put ple, but he does clearly dissociate scare us into repentance. They are a into speech who and what God is. Any untimely death from sin and guilt. sobering reminder, however, that our image falls short and captures only a What he emphasizes in his response is time to respond to the divine invita- glimpse of our experience of the ever- the need always to be prepared—the tion is limited. We would not want to expanding power of love that end could come quite unexpectedly. miss the opportunity to enter more emanates from the cause of all being. Are you ready? deeply into the heart of “the One who As we journey in Lent with those A dear friend was recently diag- causes to be all that comes into exis- who are being initiated into the faith, it nosed with a life-threatening brain tence,” as the renowned biblical scholar is a good time to let go any overconfi- William F. Albright translated the dence, as Paul admonishes the BARBARA E. REID, O.P., a member of the mysterious divine name in Ex 3:14. Corinthians, allowing ourselves to be Dominican Sisters of Grand Rapids, Mich., is There is no adequate explanation enveloped in mystery, to be fashioned a professor of New Testament studies at Catholic Theological Union in Chicago, Ill., for sudden, tragic death. Nor is there anew by the one who causes all to be. where she is vice president and academic dean. any adequate way to speak of the one BARBARA E. REID

March 1, 2010 America 39 Celebrating the Partnership of TTwwo Exceptional Institutions

J e s u i t S c h o o l off T h e o l o g y of Sannta Clara University

An IInternationalnterrnnanational TTheologicalh Center PPrPreparingrreeparing Leaders for a Changing World

» Ecclesiastical Faculty » Member of the Graduate Theological Union » Continuation of all Graduate prroogograms » Located in Berkeley, California

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