DOCSLIB.ORG

Veterinary Dermatology: Unusual Complaints and Case Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Veterinary Dermatology: Unusual Complaints and Case Studies Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Veterinary dermatology: unusual complaints and case studies Author : Ariane Neuber Categories : Clinical, RVNs Date : December 7, 2015 Dermatology cases are frequently seen in small animal practice, making up about 20% of patients seen for appointments. Figure 1. An indolent ulcer on the upper lip. Skin patients often suffer from lifelong diseases and need to be managed rather than being cured. They are also a common reason for people to change practice. Veterinary nurses can play an important part in improving the owner’s experience, gaining a successful outcome for the patient and compliance. Flea allergy in cats Although flea allergy is a common disease in cats, there can be slight variations to the theme, 1 / 7 making diagnosis a bit harder. The most commonly seen clinical signs in a cat with flea allergic dermatitis is probably miliary dermatitis. However, all the so-called cutaneous reaction patterns (miliary dermatitis, symmetrical alopecia, head and neck pruritus, and eosinophilic granuloma complex, which includes indolent ulcers, eosinophilic granulomas and eosinophilic plaques) can be seen associated with a flea allergy. Some cats even start showing signs consistent with one of the reaction patterns, add another variety, go back to the first and so on. Also, most owners find it difficult to admit there could possibly be a flea problem in their households. Equally, most believe they are carrying out comprehensive flea control when, in reality, they are using a flea product two to three times a year – unless environmental flea control in addition to adulticides on all pets in the household is used at regular intervals (for example, for imadicloprid, fipronil or selamectin-based products, usually monthly) or oral flea control with fast speed of kill (for example, nitenpyram-based products daily, spinosad or afoxolaner-based products monthly or fluralaner based products every three months). When an active infestation is detected, environmental flea control is essential to eliminate all life stages as quickly and effectively as possible. If the adulticides are in regular use, additional environmental control should not be needed as the fleas should be killed before they get a chance to lay eggs. It is therefore important to ask all the pertinent questions about flea control and make sure a comprehensive programme is in place. VNs can play an important part in advising clients about good flea control, taking the particulars of the animal’s situation into account. Case study: indolent ulcer Maisy – a four-year-old female, neutered, domestic shorthaired cat – presented with a persistent indolent ulcer affecting her upper lip (Figure 1). Initially, the lesion had responded to courses of glucocorticoids; however, longer courses were required and the lesions failed to fully respond at some stage. Flea control was not in place as the two cats in the household only went into an outside run, rather than roaming freely. General clinical examination was unremarkable. Dermatological examination revealed a large 2 / 7 thickened area on the upper lip, which was ulcerated on the surface. No other dermatological signs were seen. Cytology revealed numerous cocci and some eosinophils and neutrophils. Intense flea control consisting of monthly spinosad for both cats in the household, in conjunction with a household flea spray, was introduced, alongside amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and a course of prednisolone, each for four weeks. The lesion responded fully and the patient remained in remission with adequate flea control being used lifelong. Demodex in cats Young dogs and older dogs with immunosuppressive diseases such as Cushing’s disease or hypothyroidism suffer from demodicosis relatively commonly. In cats, this disease is rare. Demodex cati can cause localised alopecia in cats with immunosuppression. A contagious form of the disease also exists, with Demodex gatoi being the mite. This parasite often results in pruritic disease and can be hard to find on skin scrapings. Faecal flotation may be the better suited test for pruritic cats, as they over-groom and swallow the parasites. In a cattery situation, the history often involves a new cat having been introduced into the premises and, subsequently, one or several cats have become pruritic. Not all cats show pruritus and it may be easier to find the mite on skin scrapings from non-pruritic individuals. Dermatophytosis in dogs Ringworm in cats and horses is a relatively frequently diagnosed condition. In dogs, however, it is a much rarer disease. Most lesions we classically think of as ringworm – that is, circular alopecia and erythema – are more commonly associated with a bacterial infection in the dog – they are so-called Staphylococcus rings. However, dermatophyte infections can occur and can look similar to the disease we know in cats. They can affect the nails and can even present in a way that resembles Pemphigus foliaceus, an autoimmune disease, both clinically, cytologically and even histopathologically. Although dermatophytosis can be self-limiting – for example, the patient can self cure without any treatments – some patients seem to need intense therapy. This is the case in immunosuppressed dogs in particular and certain body locations – for example, the nails and paw pads – can pose a particular challenge. 3 / 7 It is imperative veterinary nurses are aware of the zoonotic potential and importance of environmental decontamination if dermatophytosis is present in a household. In-house cultures will often be performed and veterinary nurses will usually check these. It is important to examine the culture plate on a daily basis, as dermatophyte test medium can easily be wrongly interpreted as a positive if, due to fungal growth of environmental contaminants, the colour changes after the colony has reached a certain size. Case study: Trichophyton mentagrophytes Figure 2. Missing claws, alopecia, erythema and crusting affecting the paw of Annie, diagnosed with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Annie – an eight-year-old Staffordshire bull terrier – presented with a history of two years’ duration of erythema, scaling, alopecia and, more recently, lameness and intense pruritus (Figure 2). At some stage at the start of the disease, dermatophytes had been cultured in-house. The condition had been successfully treated with topical enilconazole and a negative culture had been obtained prior to discontinuing treatment. However, more lesions had appeared and Annie had become lame and pruritic. At the time of 4 / 7 presentation, she was receiving prednisolone and regular chlorehexidine/miconazole baths. General physical examination was unremarkable, apart from the patient being depressed and lame. Numerous patches of alopecia, erythema, scaling and papules were found to affect the head, feet and trunk. Many nails showed onychogryphosis, onychorrhexis and there was paronychia. Several deep skin scrapings were negative for Demodex canis and microscopy of a hair pluck revealed “dirty looking” hairs. Cytology revealed neutrophils and cocci. A dermatophyte culture grew Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Annie was treated with itraconazole at a dose of 5mg/kg/day. Adjunctive topical treatment with a miconazole/chlorhexidine shampoo was used to reduce the environmental contamination with fungal spores shed on the hairs. Cephalexin at 25mg/kg was prescribed to treat the secondary pyoderma. The house was thoroughly decontaminated with disinfectants. Antifungal therapy continued for five months until maximal clinical resolution and two negative fungal cultures at monthly intervals. Despite resolution of infection, scarring alopecia frequently remains in these cases and some small areas of scarring remained in this case. Dermatophytes of the genus Trichophyton are zoophilic and an infection is generally acquired from rodents. Trichophyton species do not always grow well on dermatophyte test medium (most in-house tests use this medium). Samples should therefore be sent to a qualified diagnostic laboratory. Dermatophytosis is also a zoonotic disease, so care should be taken – in particular if young children, elderly people or patients with immunosuppression live in the household of an affected dog (or cat). Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy Figure 3. A close-up of the paw of a dog suffering from symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy refractory to medical therapy. The picture was taken post-onychoectomy and the wounds are 5 / 7 healing well. Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO; Figure 3) affects the nails of a dog and is considered to be a reaction pattern, rather than a true autoimmune disease, despite showing histopathological features similar to some autoimmune diseases. SLO usually affects mulitiple claws on all four feet and a breed predisposition exists for German shepherd dogs, Gordon setters, giant schnauzers and Rottweilers. The condition usually starts at three to eight years of age. At the onset of the disease, often one or two claws are affected, which are lost. This may be confused with traumatic nail loss and a subsequent bacterial infection. However, eventually, most, if not all, the claws are progressively lost. The affected patient is often severely lame due to pain associated with the loose claws rubbing on the quick. Once the nail has eventually been lost, a clinical improvement is usually seen quite rapidly, unless other nails are also in the process of shedding. The most commonly seen clinical signs include
Load more

Recommended publications
  • C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator
    CONTINUING EDUCATION All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or C.O.E. professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. Page 1 of 199 Click Here To Take Test Now (Complete the Reading Material first then click on the Take Test Now Button to start the test. Test is at the bottom of this page) 5 hr. Nail Structure and Growth & TCSG Health and Safety Outline Why Study Nail Structure and Growth? • The Natural Nail • Nail Anatomy • Nail Growth • Know Your Nails Objectives After completing this section, you should be able to: C.O.E.• Describe CONTINUING the structure and composition of nails. EDUCATION • Discuss how nails grow. • Identify diseases and disorders of the nail All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O. E. Continuing Education. The course provided was prepared by C.O.E. Continuing Education Curriculum Coordinator. It is not meant to provide medical, legal or professional services advice. If necessary, it is recommended that you consult a medical, legal or professional services expert licensed in your state. 1 CONTINUING EDUCATION All Rights Reserved. Materials may not be copied, edited, reproduced, distributed, imitated in any way without written permission from C.O.
    [Show full text]
  • E464ac551ab13f3547a4f8129a8
    Revista6Vol88ingles_Layout 1 1/8/14 12:02 PM Página 1022 1022 COMMUNICATION s Perception of brittle nails in dermatologic patients: a cross-sectional study* Percepção de unhas frágeis entre pacientes dermatológicas: um estudo transversal Giulio Cesar Gequelim1 Cynthia Yone Kubota1 Sarah Sanches2 Daniela Dranka1 Marcelo Murilo Mejia1 Fernando Mitsuo Sumiya1 Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132327 Abstract: Brittle Nails Syndrome is characterized by fragility of the nail plate, affecting 27% of women. We eval- uated dermatology patients in a cross-sectional study about perception of nail fragility. One hundred and thirty- eight women were included, with median age of 36.5 years. Nail examination showed changes in 57% and 49% reported nail fragility. The first three fingernails were the most affected. Onychoschizia was related to ony- chophagia (OR = 3.29), housework (OR = 2.95) and water contact (OR = 2.44). Onychorrhexis had the strongest association with nail fragility perception (OR = 17.89). The fragility was more perceived by those who were black, of mixed race and atopic, and was associated with depressed mood. Keywords: Asthma; Depression; Nail diseases; Race or ethnic group distribution; Risk factors Resumo: A síndrome das unhas frágeis caracteriza-se por fragilidade da lâmina ungueal, acometendo 27% das mulheres. Realizamos estudo transversal com pacientes dermatológicas sobre a percepção de fragilidade ungueal. Avaliamos 138 pacientes com idade mediana de 36,5 anos. Ao exame, 57% apresentavam alterações e 49% relatavam fragilidade ungueal. Os três primeiros dedos das mãos foram os mais acometidos. A onicosquizia associou-se com onicofagia (OR = 3,29), trabalhos domésticos (OR = 2,95) e contato com água (OR = 2,44).
    [Show full text]
  • NAIL CHANGES in RECENT and OLD LEPROSY PATIENTS José M
    NAIL CHANGES IN RECENT AND OLD LEPROSY PATIENTS José M. Ramos,1 Francisco Reyes,2 Isabel Belinchón3 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain; Medical-coordinator, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Ethiopia 2. Medical Director, Gambo General Rural Hospital, Ethiopia 3. Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Spain Disclosure: No potential conflict of interest. Received: 27.09.13 Accepted: 21.10.13 Citation: EMJ Dermatol. 2013;1:44-52. ABSTRACT Nails are elements of skin that can often be omitted from the dermatological assessment of leprosy. However, there are common nail conditions that require special management. This article considers nail presentations in leprosy patients. General and specific conditions will be discussed. It also considers the common nail conditions seen in leprosy patients and provides a guide to diagnosis and management. Keywords: Leprosy, nails, neuropathy, multibacillary leprosy, paucibacillary leprosy, acro-osteolysis, bone atrophy, type 2 lepra reaction, anonychia, clofazimine, dapsone. INTRODUCTION Leprosy can cause damage to the nails, generally indirectly. There are few reviews about the Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection affectation of the nails due to leprosy. Nails are caused by Mycobacterium leprae, known keratin-based elements of the skin structure that since ancient times and with great historical are often omitted from the dermatological connotations.1 This infection is not fatal but affects assessment of leprosy. However, there are the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease causes common nail conditions that require diagnosis cutaneous lesions, skin lesions, and neuropathy, and management.
    [Show full text]
  • Hair and Nail Disorders
    Hair and Nail Disorders E.J. Mayeaux, Jr., M.D., FAAFP Professor of Family Medicine Professor of Obstetrics/Gynecology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA Hair Classification • Terminal (large) hairs – Found on the head and beard – Larger diameters and roots that extend into sub q fat LSUCourtesy Health of SciencesDr. E.J. Mayeaux, Center Jr., – M.D.USA Hair Classification • Vellus hairs are smaller in length and diameter and have less pigment • Intermediate hairs have mixed characteristics CourtesyLSU Health of E.J. Sciences Mayeaux, Jr.,Center M.D. – USA Life cycle of a hair • Hair grows at 0.35 mm/day • Cycle is typically as follows: – Anagen phase (active growth) - 3 years – Catagen (transitional) - 2-3 weeks – Telogen (preshedding or rest) about 3 Mon. • > 85% of hairs of the scalp are in Anagen – Lose 75 – 100 hairs a day • Each hair follicle’s cycle is usually asynchronous with others around it LSU Health Sciences Center – USA Alopecia Definition • Defined as partial or complete loss of hair from where it would normally grow • Can be total, diffuse, patchy, or localized Courtesy of E.J. Mayeaux, Jr., M.D. CourtesyLSU of Healththe Color Sciences Atlas of Family Center Medicine – USA Classification of Alopecia Scarring Nonscarring Neoplastic Medications Nevoid Congenital Injury such as burns Infectious Systemic illnesses Genetic (male pattern) (LE) Toxic (arsenic) Congenital Nutritional Traumatic Endocrine Immunologic PhysiologicLSU Health Sciences Center – USA General Evaluation of Hair Loss • Hx is
    [Show full text]
  • Alopecia Areata – a Literature Review
    Review Article Alopecia Areata – A literature Review S Mushtaq 1*, Md. Raihan2, Azad Lone3, Mushtaq M4 1M.D. Scholar, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi; 2Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Rama Medical College Delhi; 3Medical Officer, ISM department, Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir; 4Medical Officer, L.D Hospital, Govt. of Jammu and Kashmir. ABSTRACT Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease marked by extreme variability in hair loss, not only at the time of initial onset of hair loss but in the duration, extent and pattern of hair loss during any given episode. This variable and unpredictable nature of spontaneous re-growth and lack of a uniform response to various therapies has made clinical trials in alopecia areata difficult to plan and implement. It is a type of alopecia that affects males and females equally. It occurs in both children and adults. The peak age of occurrence is 20 to 50 years .The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic shedding of telogen hairs followed by patchy non scarring hair Dermatology loss in association with nail pitting, Beau’s line and nail dystrophy. The disease may progress from this limited – presentation to total loss of all scalp hairs (Alopecia totalis) or all body hair (alopecia universalis) with significant onychodystrophy. Mostly it is characterised by reversible hair loss involving the scalp although others areas of head including eyelashes, eyebrows and beard may also be affected. Although, it is a mostly Section cosmetic problem but it often has devastating effects on quality of life and self-esteem. The paper aims at providing an overview of Alopecia areata.
    [Show full text]
  • Nails in Systemic Disease
    CME: DERMATOLOGY Clinical Medicine 2021 Vol 21, No 3: 166–9 Nails in systemic disease Authors: Charlotte E GollinsA and David de BerkerB A change in colour, size, shape or texture of finger- and MatrixCuticle toenails can be an indicator of underlying systemic disease. Nail plate An appreciation of these nail signs, and an ability to interpret them when found, can help guide diagnosis and management Nail bed of a general medical patient. This article discusses some ABSTRACT common, and some more rare, nail changes associated with systemic disease. Proximal nail fold Introduction Cuticle Examination of nails is a skill that, although emphasised when Matrix (lunula) revising for general medical exams, can be overlooked in day- Nail plate Lateral nail fold to-day practice. The value of noticing, understanding and Onychocorneal interpreting nail changes can positively add to clinical practice as band these signs can provide valuable clues to a diagnosis. Here we present a brief overview of selected common and rarer Fig 1. Anatomy of the nail plate. nail abnormalities associated with systemic conditions, as well as a limited explanation of the pathophysiology of some of the changes. Anatomy of the nail unit located in the distal third of the nail plate. They are caused The nail unit (Fig 1) is an epithelial skin appendage composed by damage to capillaries within the nail bed, which have a of the hardened nail plate surrounded by specialised epithelial longitudinal orientation, leading to their linear appearance. In the surfaces that contribute to its growth and maintenance.1 The nail case of bacterial endocarditis, this damage is likely to be caused by plate is formed of keratinised epithelial cells.
    [Show full text]
  • A Deep Learning System for Differential Diagnosis of Skin Diseases
    A deep learning system for differential diagnosis of skin diseases 1 1 1 1 1 1,2 † Yuan Liu ,​ Ayush Jain ,​ Clara Eng ,​ David H. Way ,​ Kang Lee ,​ Peggy Bui ,​ Kimberly Kanada ,​ ​ ​ ‡ ​ 1​ ​ 1 ​ 1 ​ Guilherme de Oliveira Marinho ,​ Jessica Gallegos ,​ Sara Gabriele ,​ Vishakha Gupta ,​ Nalini 1,3,§ 1 ​ ​ 4 ​ 1 ​ ​ 1 Singh ,​ Vivek Natarajan ,​ Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof ,​ Greg S. Corrado ,​ Lily H. Peng ,​ Dale ​ ​ 1 1 ​ † 1, ​ 1, ​ 1, ​ R. Webster ,​ Dennis Ai ,​ Susan Huang ,​ Yun Liu *​ , R. Carter Dunn *​ *, David Coz *​ * ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Affiliations: 1 G​ oogle Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA 2 U​ niversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA 3 M​ assachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 M​ edical University of Graz, Graz, Austria † W​ ork done at Google Health via Advanced Clinical. ‡ W​ ork done at Google Health via Adecco Staffing. § W​ ork done at Google Health. *Corresponding author: [email protected] **These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Skin and subcutaneous conditions affect an estimated 1.9 billion people at any given time and remain the fourth leading cause of non-fatal disease burden worldwide. Access to dermatology care is limited due to a shortage of dermatologists, causing long wait times and leading patients to seek dermatologic care from general practitioners. However, the diagnostic accuracy of general practitioners has been reported to be only 0.24-0.70 (compared to 0.77-0.96 for dermatologists), resulting in over- and ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ under-referrals, delays in care, and errors in diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we developed a deep learning system (DLS) to provide a differential diagnosis of skin conditions for clinical cases (skin photographs and associated medical histories).
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article
    Review Article Nail changes and disorders among the elderly Gurcharan Singh, Nayeem Sadath Haneef, Uday A Department of Dermatology and STD, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. India Address for correspondence: Dr. Gurcharan Singh, 108 A, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kammanhalli, Bangalore-560043, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Nail disorders are frequent among the geriatric population. This is due in part to the impaired circulation and in particular, susceptibility of the senile nail to fungal infections, faulty biomechanics, neoplasms, concurrent dermatological or systemic diseases, and related treatments. With aging, the rate of growth, color, contour, surface, thickness, chemical composition and histology of the nail unit change. Age associated disorders include brittle nails, trachyonychia, onychauxis, pachyonychia, onychogryphosis, onychophosis, onychoclavus, onychocryptosis, onycholysis, infections, infestations, splinter hemorrhages, subungual hematoma, subungual exostosis and malignancies. Awareness of the symptoms, signs and treatment options for these changes and disorders will enable us to assess and manage the conditions involving the nails of this large and growing segment of the population in a better way. Key Words: Nail changes, Nail disorders, Geriatric INTRODUCTION from impaired peripheral circulation, commonly due to arteriosclerosis.[2] Though nail plate is an efficient Nail disorders comprise approximately 10% of all sunscreen,[3,4] UV radiation may play a role in such dermatological conditions and affect a high percentage changes. Trauma, faulty biomechanics, infections, of the elderly.[1] Various changes and disorders are seen concurrent dermatological or systemic diseases and in the aging nail, many of which are extremely painful, their treatments are also contributory factors.[5,6] The affecting stability, ambulation and other functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerato-Conjunctivitis Sicca and Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.15.1.21 on 1 March 1956. Downloaded from Ann. rheum. Dis. (1956), 15, 21. KERATO-CONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BY MALCOLM THOMPSON* AND STELLA EADIE From the Rheumatic Unit, Northern General Hospital, Edinburgh, and the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION OCTOBER 13, 1955) Although the ophthalmic lesions which constitute arthritis is an integral part of the symptom complex. kerato-conjunctivitis sicca have long been known, It is my feeling that the arthritis is an incidental the nature of the condition has remained obscure. finding." Ellman, Weber, and Goodier (1951) Duke-Elder (1930) reviewed those rare cases in remarked that: "rheumatoid arthritis is fairly which lesions of the lacrimal secretary nerves or of common among women, and that very few patients the gland parenchyma (including congenital aplasia, with rheumatoid arthritis ever manifest any symp- surgical extirpation, infiltrations by sarcoid, leu- toms resembling Sjogren's disease". They recorded kaemic or malignant tissue) resulted in deficient the case history and autopsy findings in a patient lacrimal secretion and the subsequent development who did suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, but in of corneal and conjunctival lesions of the sicca type. whom the symptoms of xerostoma, salivary gland These rare cases, however, accounted for only a enlargement, and ocular inflammation preceded the small proportion of all the patients suffering from development of the arthritis by several years. no However, Reader, Whyte, and Elmes (1951) con- kerato-conjunctivitis sicca, and in the majority copyright. local ophthalmic cause for deficient lacrimation and firmed the opinion of Holm (1949) that many sicca lesions could be found.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of the Oral Supplementation with a Natural
    TRICHOLOGY AND COSMETOLOGY Open Journal Original Research The Effects of the Oral Supplementation with a Natural Keratin Hydrolysate (Kera-Diet®) on Hair and Nails: Randomized, Placebo and Benchmark-Controlled Clinical Trial on Healthy Females Vincenzo Nobile, PhD1; Francesco Tursi, PhD1; Enza Cestone, MD1; Renaud Sergheraert, Eng2; Joel Duperray, Eng2* 1Complife Italia Srl,Via Monsignor Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario (PV), Italy 2BCF LIFE Sciences, Boisel, 56140 Pleucadeuc, France *Corresponding author Joel Duperray, Eng BCF LIFE Sciences, Boisel, 56140 Pleucadeuc, France; Tel. +33 (0) 2 97 26 91 21; E-mail: [email protected] Article information Received: November 23rd, 2020; Revised: January 8th, 2021; Accepted: January 12th, 2021; Published: January 29th, 2021 Cite this article Nobile V, Tursi F, Cestone E, Sergheraert R, Duperray J. The effects of the oral supplementation with a natural keratin hydrolysate (Kera-Diet®) on hair and nails: Randomized, placebo and benchmark-controlled clinical trial on healthy females. Trichol Cosmetol Open J. 2021; 1(1): 27-36. doi: 10.17140/TCOJ-1-115 ABSTRACT Background Telogen effluvium (TE) and its acute form (aTE) are two of the commonest occurrences in a trichology clinic, with patients claiming excessive hair shedding. ATE can occur in people of any age and ethnicity and is considered to be a quite common con- dition in either sex even if women are more likely to have a lowered quality of life and restricted social contacts as compared to men as a result of hair loss. Brittle nail syndrome (BNS) is a common condition affecting up to 20% of the population, especially women over 50 years of age.
    [Show full text]
  • (Kera-Diet ) Hydrolysate on Hair and Nails. Randomized, Placebo
    J Cosmo Trichol 2020, 5:1 Journal of Cosmetology & Trichology DOI: 10.4172/2471-9323.1000140 Research Article Open Access Efficacy and Safety of a Natural Keratin (Kera-Diet®) Hydrolysate on Hair and Nails. Randomized, Placebo-and Benchmark-Controlled Clinical Trial on Healthy Females Part 2 Vincenzo Nobile*, EnzaCestone1, Renaud Sergheraert2, Francesco Tursi1, Joel Duperray2 1Complife Italia Srl, Via Mons.Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy 2BCF® Life Sciences, Boisel, 52140 Pleucadeuc, France *Corresponding author: Nobile V, Department of Dermatology, San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy, Tel: 0039 0382 25504, Fax: 0039 0382 536006, E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 03, 2020; Accepted: February 13, 2020; Published: February 21, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 NobileV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Telogen effluvium (TE) is one of the commonest occurrences in a trichology clinic, with patients claiming excessive hair shedding. TE is so frequent and worrying as to convey urgently the patient to the dermatologist and to extend the complaint even to social blogs on the web worldwide. In its acute (aTE) form, telogen effluvium clinical course duration does not exceed 6 months. The excessive hair shedding typical of aTE is triggered when a large number of hair in the growing phase of the hair cycle (anagen) prematurely and abruptly enter the resting phase (telogen). The duration of the interruption of the anagen hair growth is not noticed by the patient since the mitotically inactive nature of telogen.
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern of Alopecia and the Effect of Alopecia on the Quality of Life of Patients
    PATTERN OF ALOPECIA AND THE EFFECT OF ALOPECIA ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS BY DR. EKPUDU, VIOLET IDONNI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE NATIONAL POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF FELLOWSHIP OF THE COLLEGE IN INTERNAL MEDICINE (IN THE SUBSPECIALTY OF DERMATOLOGY). MAY 2008 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page --------------------------------------------------- i Declaration ----------------------------------------------- ii Supervisor’s Certification ------------------------------- iii Head of Department’s Signature ----------------------- v Table of contents ------------------------------------ ------ vi List of Figures -------------------------------------------- vii List of Tables ---------------------------------------------- viii List of Abbreviations ------------------------------------ ix Dedication ------------------------------------------------ x Acknowledgement --------------------------------------- xi Summary ------------------------------------------------- xii Chapter 1. Introduction -------------------------------- 1 Chapter 2. Literature Review -------------------------- 4 Chapter 3. Aim and Objectives ------------------------ 49 Chapter 4. Materials and Methods -------------------- 50 Chapter 5. Results ------------------------------------- 62 Chapter 6. Discussion --------------------------------- 113 Chapter 7. Conclusion and Recommendations ----- 131 References ---------------------------------------------- 135 Appendix I. Questionnaire -----------------------------
    [Show full text]