DOCSLIB.ORG

Digital Television

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Legal Information Services from the European Audiovisual Observatory Digital Order: • online at http://www.obs.coe.int/about/order Television • by email: [email protected] • by fax: +33 (0) 3 90 21 60 19 2010-1 IRIS plus Legal, technological or economic developments in the audiovisual sector generate immediate priority information needs for professionals. IRIS plus identifies these issues and provides the LEAD Article A legal hot topic examined relevant legal background. It features a combination of a lead article, related reporting and from different angles a Zoom section, comprising overview tables, market data or practical information. This brand Development of Digital Terrestrial Television new format provides you with the knowledge to follow and join in the latest and most relevant discussions concerning the audiovisual sector. in Russia and Ukraine For more information, please contact: [email protected] National Policy towards Digital TV Legal Concepts, Decrees, and Other Acts The IRIS Merlin database enables you to access nearly 5,000 articles reporting on legal events of IRIS Merlin Aspects of the Process relevance to the audiovisual industry. These articles describe relevant laws, decisions of various Database on legal information courts and administrative authorities, and policy documents from over 50 countries. They also Licensing and Competitions relevant to the audiovisual report on legal instruments, decisions and policy documents of major European and interna- Ownership Issues sector in Europe tional institutions. Free access at: http://merlin.obs.coe.int Practice of the Digital Switch-over IRIS Newsletter The IRIS Newsletter is an invaluable, highly topical and very reliable information service covering all legal developments in Europe relating to the audiovisual sector. Related REPortinG Legal Observations IRIS covers all areas of law of importance to the audiovisual sector. The main emphasis of the of the European Audiovisual IRIS articles is on legal developments in the fifty or so countries that make up greater Europe. Digital Television on Its Way? Observatory IRIS reports on media legislation in the broadest sense, as well as major developments in Observatory Member States case law, important administrative decisions, and policy decisions with potential effects on law. Other countries For more see: http://www.obs.coe.int/oea_publ/iris/index.html Latest News IRIS Special The themes chosen for our IRIS Special publications are all topical issues in media law, which we explore from a legal perspective. IRIS Special publications offer detailed surveys of ZOOM Comprehensive factual relevant national legislation facilitating the comparison of the legal frameworks in different information coupled countries, they identify and analyse highly relevant issues and outline the European or Advancing in Europe: with in-depth analysis international legal context that influences national legislation. IRIS Special publications explore their legal themes in an extremely accessible way. You don’t have to be a lawyer Reception of Digital Television to read them! Every edition combines a high level of practical relevance with academic rigour. Implementation of DTT For a list of all IRIS Specials, see: http://www.obs.coe.int/oea_publ/iris_special/index.html IRIS plus 2010-1 Digital Television 24,50 e - ISBN 978-92-871-6792-7 IRIS plus 2010-1 Digital Television European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2010 ISBN: 978-92-871-6792-7 Price: EUR 24,50 Information services Director of the Publication: Wolfgang Closs, Executive Director of the European Audiovisual Observatory E-mail: [email protected] for the audiovisual sector Editor and Coordinator: Dr Susanne Nikoltchev, LL.M. (Florence/Italy, Ann Arbor/MI) It is the task of the European Audiovisual Observatory to improve transparency in the Head of the Department for Legal Information E-mail: [email protected] audiovisual sector in Europe. It does this by collecting, processing and publishing up-to-date information about the various industries concerned. Editorial Assistant: Michelle Ganter The Observatory has adopted a pragmatic definition of the audiovisual sector in which it E-mail: [email protected] works. Its principal areas of interest are film, television, video/DVD, new audiovisual media services and public policy on film and television. In these five areas, the Observatory provides Marketing: information in the legal field as well as information about the markets and financing. As Markus Booms E-mail: [email protected] far as its geographical scope is concerned, the Observatory monitors, records and analyses developments in its member states. In addition, data on non-European countries is also made Typesetting: available when judged appropriate. The various stages involved in providing information Pointillés, Hoenheim (France) include the systematic collection and processing of data as well as its final distribution to our users in the form of print publications, information on-line, databases and directories, and our Print: Pointillés, Hoenheim (France) contributions to conferences and workshops. The Observatory’s work draws extensively on Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg (France) international and national information sources and their contributions of relevant information. The Observatory Information Network was established for this purpose. It is composed of Cover Layout: partner organisations and institutions, professional information suppliers and selected Acom Europe, Paris (France) correspondents. The Observatory’s primary target groups are professionals working within the Publisher: audiovisual sector: producers, distributors, exhibitors, broadcasters and other media service European Audiovisual Observatory providers, international organisations in this field, decision-makers within the various public 76 Allée de la Robertsau bodies responsible for the media, national and European legislators, journalists, researchers, F-67000 Strasbourg lawyers, investors and consultants. Tel.: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 19 The European Audiovisual Observatory was established in December 1992 and is part of the E-mail: [email protected] www.obs.coe.int Council of Europe thanks to its status as a “partial and enlarged agreement”. Its offices are in Strasbourg, France. The Observatory’s membership currently comprises 36 European States and the European Community, which is represented by the European Commission. Each member appoints one representative to its board, the Executive Council. An Executive Director heads the international Observatory team. Contributing Partner Institutions : Institute of European Institute for Moscow Media Law Media Law (EMR) Information Law (IViR) and Policy Center The Observatory’s products and services are divided into Franz-Mai-Straße 6 Kloveniersburgwal 48 Moscow State University D-66121 Saarbrücken NL-1012 CX Amsterdam ul. Mokhovaya, 9 - Room 338 four groups: Tel.: +49 (0) 681 99 275 11 Tel.: +31 (0) 20 525 34 06 125009 Moscow L Print Publications Fax: +49 (0) 681 99 275 12 Fax: +31 (0) 20 525 30 33 Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +7 495 629 3804 L Information on-line www.emr-sb.de www.ivir.nl Fax: +7 495 629 3804 www.medialaw.ru L Databases and Directories L Conferences and workshops European Audiovisual Observatory 76 Allée de la Robertsau – F-67000 Strasbourg – France Tel: +33 (0) 3 90 21 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0) 3 90 21 60 19 Please quote this publication as: www.obs.coe.int – E-mail: [email protected] IRIS plus 2010-1, Digital television (Susanne Nikoltchev (Ed.), European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg 2010) © European Audiovisual Observatory, 2010 Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. 2010-1 p.1 Digital Television © 2010, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg (France) 2010-1 p.3 Foreword Imagine turning on your television and not receiving any signal. For an increasing number of television viewers this could have been the case had they not re-equipped themselves for digital television. To mention only the early birds: Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden completed the transition to digital terrestrial television between 2006 and 2007. Consumers living in these countries had no choice but to follow suit lest they feared to lose what is still one of – if not– the most used audiovisual media service. If everything goes according to the expectation of the EU Commission, almost all EU member states will meet the 2012 EU target for switch-off and, hence, more digital television equipment will find its homes. All this hype about the pre-imminent completion of an EU-driven digital television landscape may easily blind us to the fact that going digital is not a piece of cake. Sure enough some EU member states lag behind causing some kind of “European digital divide”. The divide, however, deepens, if one looks beyond the EU borders where for a significant part of European territory, namely Russia and Ukraine, the goal to switch-off analogue digital television still seems to be pie in the sky. The lead article of this IRIS plus focuses on these two countries and their national policies for catching up with their digitally more advanced European neighbours. It explores existing legal instruments that might accelerate the switch-over and alludes to others which would still need to be developed. As pressing as the need for a “digital-proof”
Recommended publications

  • Public Broadcasting in Ukraine

    РОЗДІЛ 1 ДЕРЖАВНЕ МОВЛЕННЯ: ВІД ПРОПАГАНДИ ДО АДМІНРЕСУРСУ Svitlana Ostapa, Vadym Miskyi, Ihor Rozkladai under the general editorship of Natalia Lyhachova Svitlana Ostapa, Vadym Miskyi, Ihor Rozkladai Miskyi, Ihor Rozkladai Svitlana Ostapa, Vadym PUBLIC BROADCASTING IN UKRAINE: History of Creation and Challenges PUBLIC BROADCASTING IN UKRAINE: HISTORY OF CREATION AND CHALLENGES IN UKRAINE: HISTORY OF CREATION PUBLIC BROADCASTING 1 2 Svitlana Ostapa, Vadym Miskyi, Ihor Rozkladai under the general editorship of Natalia Lyhachova PUBLIC BROADCASTING IN UKRAINE: History of Creation and Challenges UDC 654.19 О 76 Production of this brochure was made possible with the financial support from the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark and the Government of Sweden. The content of the brochure is the sole responsibility of Detector Media NGO and does not necessarily reflect the po- sition of the National Endowment for Democracy, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, or the Government of Sweden. S.V. Ostapa, V.V. Miskyi, I.Ye. Rozkladai under the general editorship of Natalia Lyhachova. О 76 Public broadcasting in Ukraine: History of Creation and Challenges. — Kyiv: VIOL PRINTING HOUSE LLC, 2018. — 168 p. Fig. Media experts directly involved in the establishment of the Public Broadcasting in Ukraine reveal the history of the transformation of state broadcasters into the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine. It was a path from advocating for the legislation necessary for the formation of a legal entity and its first steps. This brochure also describes the main challenges faced by the National Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine at the end of the first two years of its operation.
  • DISCOVER NEW WORLDS with SUNRISE TV TV Channel List for Printing

    DISCOVER NEW WORLDS with SUNRISE TV TV Channel List for Printing

    DISCOVER NEW WORLDS WITH SUNRISE TV TV channel list for printing Need assistance? Hotline Mon.- Fri., 10:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. Sat. - Sun. 10:00 a.m.–10:00 p.m. 0800 707 707 Hotline from abroad (free with Sunrise Mobile) +41 58 777 01 01 Sunrise Shops Sunrise Shops Sunrise Communications AG Thurgauerstrasse 101B / PO box 8050 Zürich 03 | 2021 Last updated English Welcome to Sunrise TV This overview will help you find your favourite channels quickly and easily. The table of contents on page 4 of this PDF document shows you which pages of the document are relevant to you – depending on which of the Sunrise TV packages (TV start, TV comfort, and TV neo) and which additional premium packages you have subscribed to. You can click in the table of contents to go to the pages with the desired station lists – sorted by station name or alphabetically – or you can print off the pages that are relevant to you. 2 How to print off these instructions Key If you have opened this PDF document with Adobe Acrobat: Comeback TV lets you watch TV shows up to seven days after they were broadcast (30 hours with TV start). ComeBack TV also enables Go to Acrobat Reader’s symbol list and click on the menu you to restart, pause, fast forward, and rewind programmes. commands “File > Print”. If you have opened the PDF document through your HD is short for High Definition and denotes high-resolution TV and Internet browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari...): video. Go to the symbol list or to the top of the window (varies by browser) and click on the print icon or the menu commands Get the new Sunrise TV app and have Sunrise TV by your side at all “File > Print” respectively.
  • Telenor and BBC World Service Enter Agreement for Digital Broadcasting

    Telenor and BBC World Service Enter Agreement for Digital Broadcasting

    Telenor and BBC World Service enter agreement for digital broadcasting Telenor-owned Norkring has entered into an agreement with the BBC World Service for digital broadcasting over short wave, DRM. As part of the agreement, the BBC will be among the first in the world to broadcast over DRM. From Norkring's transmitting station at Kvitsøy, signals will be broadcast to Central Europe. This new agreement with the BBC is an important step in the digitalisation of short wave, which actually has the capacity to achieve global reach. The agreement involves broadcast of the radio channel BBC World Service "English for Europe" for an initial period of 18 months. The BBC is also using UK-based transmitters owned and operated by VT Communications (VTC) to provide a multi-frequency network aimed at Benelux and neighbouring countries. "For us this as an exciting partnership with one of the world's leading broadcasters. The BBC is a driving force within DRM, and contributes to set the standard for the future role of short wave," said sales and marketing director at Norkring, Per Maltun. The first major test will be the launch of receivers for DRM at the world's largest exhibition for consumer electronics, the IFA in Berlin 2-7 September 2005. About DRM DRM is short for Digital Radio Mondiale, a new digital radio standard specifically designed for use in short wave, medium wave and long wave bands. A worldwide consortium, consisting of all the leading broadcasters from all five continents, is responsible for the development of the DRM standard, which is now being implemented across the globe.
  • Competition in Local Broadcast Television Advertising Markets Kevin Caves and Hal Singer August 4, 2014

    Competition in Local Broadcast Television Advertising Markets Kevin Caves and Hal Singer August 4, 2014

    Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) 2014 Quadrennial Regulatory Review – Review ) MB Docket No. 14-50 of the Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules ) and Other Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section ) 202 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) 2010 Quadrennial Regulatory Review – Review ) MB Docket No. 09-182 of the Commission’s Broadcast Ownership Rules ) and Other Rules Adopted Pursuant to Section ) 202 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ) ) Promoting Diversification of Ownership ) MB Docket No. 07-294 in the Broadcasting Services ) ) Rules and Policies Concerning ) MB Docket No. 04-256 Attribution of Joint Sales Agreements ) in Local Television Markets ) ) Competition in Local Broadcast Television Advertising Markets Kevin Caves and Hal Singer August 4, 2014 -2- Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 I. Background ......................................................................................................................... 4 A. The DOJ Asserts That Local Broadcast Television Advertising Is a Relevant Antitrust Product Market ........................................................................................ 4 B. The DOJ’s Position Lacks Empirical Support ........................................................ 5 II. Empirical Evidence Is Inconsistent with the DOJ’s Definition of the Relevant Product Market ................................................................................................................................
  • Temptation to Control

    Temptation to Control

    PrESS frEEDOM IN UKRAINE : TEMPTATION TO CONTROL ////////////////// REPORT BY JEAN-FRANÇOIS JULLIARD AND ELSA VIDAL ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// AUGUST 2010 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// PRESS FREEDOM: REPORT OF FACT-FINDING VISIT TO UKRAINE ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2 Natalia Negrey / public action at Mykhaylivska Square in Kiev in November of 2009 Many journalists, free speech organisations and opposition parliamentarians are concerned to see the government becoming more and more remote and impenetrable. During a public meeting on 20 July between Reporters Without Borders and members of the Ukrainian parliament’s Committee of Enquiry into Freedom of Expression, parliamentarian Andrei Shevchenko deplored not only the increase in press freedom violations but also, and above all, the disturbing and challenging lack of reaction from the government. The data gathered by the organisation in the course of its monitoring of Ukraine confirms that there has been a significant increase in reports of press freedom violations since Viktor Yanukovych’s election as president in February. LEGISlaTIVE ISSUES The government’s desire to control journalists is reflected in the legislative domain. Reporters Without Borders visited Ukraine from 19 to 21 July in order to accomplish The Commission for Establishing Freedom the first part of an evaluation of the press freedom situation. of Expression, which was attached to the presi- It met national and local media representatives, members of press freedom dent’s office, was dissolved without explanation NGOs (Stop Censorship, Telekritika, SNUJ and IMI), ruling party and opposition parliamentarians and representatives of the prosecutor-general’s office. on 2 April by a decree posted on the president’s At the end of this initial visit, Reporters Without Borders gave a news conference website on 9 April.
  • Broadcasting & Convergence

    Broadcasting & Convergence

    1 Namnlöst-2 1 2007-09-24, 09:15 Nordicom Provides Information about Media and Communication Research Nordicom’s overriding goal and purpose is to make the media and communication research undertaken in the Nordic countries – Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden – known, both throughout and far beyond our part of the world. Toward this end we use a variety of channels to reach researchers, students, decision-makers, media practitioners, journalists, information officers, teachers, and interested members of the general public. Nordicom works to establish and strengthen links between the Nordic research community and colleagues in all parts of the world, both through information and by linking individual researchers, research groups and institutions. Nordicom documents media trends in the Nordic countries. Our joint Nordic information service addresses users throughout our region, in Europe and further afield. The production of comparative media statistics forms the core of this service. Nordicom has been commissioned by UNESCO and the Swedish Government to operate The Unesco International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media, whose aim it is to keep users around the world abreast of current research findings and insights in this area. An institution of the Nordic Council of Ministers, Nordicom operates at both national and regional levels. National Nordicom documentation centres are attached to the universities in Aarhus, Denmark; Tampere, Finland; Reykjavik, Iceland; Bergen, Norway; and Göteborg, Sweden. NORDICOM Göteborg

  • Universal Remote Code Book

    Universal Remote Code Book www.hestia-france.com TV CENTURION 0051 0169 CENTURY 0000 A CGE 0129 0047 0131 0043 ACER 1484 CIMLINE 0009 0028 ACME 0013 CITY 0009 ADA 0008 CLARIVOX 0169 0037 ADC 0012 0008 CLATRONIC 0009 0011 0051 0002 0083 ADMIRAL 0019 0108 0002 0001 0047 0003 0129 0030 0043 0000 COMBITECH 0248 ADYSON 0003 CONCORDE 0009 AGAZI 0002 CONDOR 0198 0051 0083 0003 0245 AGB 0123 CONRAC 0038 1395 AIKO 0003 0009 0004 CONTEC 0003 0009 0027 0030 0029 AIWA 0184 0248 0291 CONTINENTAL EDISON 0022 0111 0036 0045 0126 AKAI 1410 0011 0086 0009 0068 0139 0046 0004 0006 0008 0051 0061 COSMEL 0009 0088 0169 0200 0133 0141 CPRTEC 0156 0069 CROSLEY 0129 0131 0000 0043 AKIBA 0011 CROWN 0009 0169 0083 0047 0051 AKURA 0169 0074 0002 0009 0011 0245 0121 0043 0071 CS ELECTRONICS 0011 0129 0003 ALBA 0028 0027 0009 0011 0003 CTC 0129 0068 0083 0169 0047 0245 CTC CLATRONIC 0014 0248 0162 0062 CYBERCOM 0177 0038 0171 0002 0009 ALBIRAL 0037 0206 0205 0207 0208 0210 ALKOS 0164 0169 0042 0044 0127 0047 ALLORGAN 0157 0026 0061 0063 0067 0068 0103 ALLSTAR 0051 0107 0115 0154 0168 0185 ALTUS 0042 0228 0209 0343 0924 0933 AMPLIVISION 0003 0248 0291 AMSTRAD 0011 0009 0068 0074 0002 CYBERMAXX 0177 0038 0171 0002 0009 0108 0071 0069 0030 0123 0206 0200 0205 0207 0208 0013 0210 0211 0169 0015 0042 ANAM 0009 0065 0109 0044 0047 0048 0049 0061 ANGLO 0009 0063 0067 0068 0087 0103 ANITECH 0009 0002 0043 0109 0107 0115 0127 0154 0155 ANSONIC 0009 0014 0168 0170 0185 0228 0229 AOC 0134 0209 0218 1005 0894 0343 ARC EN CIEL 0126 0045 0139 0924 0933 0248 0291 ARCAM 0003 CYBERTRON
  • Investing in Future Satellite Capacity to Satisfy Growing Maritime Requirements Julian Crudge, Director – Datacomms Division

    Investing in Future Satellite Capacity to Satisfy Growing Maritime Requirements Julian Crudge, Director – Datacomms Division

    Investing in future satellite capacity to satisfy growing maritime requirements Julian Crudge, Director – Datacomms Division Telenor Group Among the major mobile operators in the world • Mobile operations in 11 markets in Norway, Europe and Asia • Over 31,000 employees and present in markets with 1.6 billion people • A voting stake of 42,95 per cent (economic stake 35.7 per cent) in VimpelCom Ltd. with 209 mill. mobile subscriptions in 18 markets • Among the top performers on Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes • Revenues 2012: NOK 101,7 bn (USD 17 bn) 147 millions consolidated mobile subscriptions; Q4 2012 Revenue distribution 2012 ”Other” includes Other Units/Group functions and eliminations Telenor Satellite Broadcasting Part of Telenor Broadcast Broadcast Telenor Satellite Canal Digital Norkring Broadcasting Conax Satellite/DTH Radio & TV Satellite Content security for digital TV & video TV services terrestrial network transmission distribution TSBc – A Pan-European Satellite Operator • Telenor Satellite Broadcasting has provided communications to the maritime and offshore sectors since the late 70’s • Initial requirements driven by the North Sea oil fields and the need to connect Svalbard to the mainland • Today, TSBc carries on this legacy as the owner and operator of the Telenor satellite fleet (THOR satellites) • TSBc wholesales capacity and services to a wide range of distributors throughout Europe and the Middle East 4 Working with our distribution partners we provide: • Satellite Capacity – Ka and Ku • 24/7/365 Operational Support
  • 1152/8/3/10 (IR) British Sky Broadcasting Limited

    1152/8/3/10 (IR) British Sky Broadcasting Limited

    Neutral citation [2014] CAT 17 IN THE COMPETITION Case Number: 1152/8/3/10 APPEAL TRIBUNAL (IR) Victoria House Bloomsbury Place 5 November 2014 London WC1A 2EB Before: THE HONOURABLE MR JUSTICE ROTH (President) Sitting as a Tribunal in England and Wales B E T W E E N : BRITISH SKY BROADCASTING LIMITED Applicant -v- OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS Respondent - and - BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLC VIRGIN MEDIA, INC. THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION PREMIER LEAGUE LIMITED TOP-UP TV EUROPE LIMITED EE LIMITED Interveners Heard in Victoria House on 23rd July 2014 _____________________________________________________________________ JUDGMENT (Application to Vary Interim Order) _____________________________________________________________________ APPEARANCES Mr. James Flynn QC, Mr. Meredith Pickford and Mr. David Scannell (instructed by Herbert Smith Freehills LLP) appeared for British Sky Broadcasting Limited. Mr. Mark Howard QC, Mr. Gerry Facenna and Miss Sarah Ford (instructed by BT Legal) appeared for British Telecommunications PLC. Mr. Josh Holmes (instructed by the Office of Communications) appeared for the Respondent. EE Limited made written submissions by letter dated 9 May 2014 but did not seek to make oral representations at the hearing. Note: Excisions in this judgment (marked “[…][ ]”) relate to commercially confidential information: Schedule 4, paragraph 1 to the Enterprise Act 2002. 2 INTRODUCTION 1. On 31 March 2010, the Office of Communications (“Ofcom”) published its “Pay TV Statement.” By the Pay TV Statement, Ofcom decided to vary, pursuant to s. 316 of the Communications Act 2003 (“the 2003 Act”), the conditions in the broadcasting licences of British Sky Broadcasting Ltd (“Sky”) for what have been referred to as its “core premium sports channels” (or “CPSCs”), Sky Sports 1 and Sky Sports 2 (“SS1&2”).
  • This Is War. You're Part of It.__Slawsky.Pdf

    This Is War. You're Part of It.__Slawsky.Pdf

    “THIS IS WAR. YOU’RE PART OF IT.” The conflict between mainstream and alternative media before, during, and after Ukraine’s Euromaidan _______________________ Renee Bernadette Slawsky Master’s Candidate for Eurasian, Russian, and East European Studies Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Georgetown University May 6, 2016 Table of Contents I. Introduction………………………………………………………………2 II. Theory: The mediatization of war………………………………………..3 a. Three phases of mediatization………………………………………...5 b. Third axis: Greater uncertainty in decision-making………..………...8 c. Summary……………………………………………………………...9 III. The media in Ukraine: Before Euromaidan…………………………….10 a. Initial changes in the 1990s………………………………………….10 b. The Orange Revolution……………………………………………...13 c. Mainstream media before Euromaidan……………………………...16 d. Summary.………………………………………………….……..… 22 IV. The media in Ukraine: Euromaidan and the rise of alternative media.…23 a. Role of social media…………………………………………………23 b. Mainstream media during Euromaidan……………………………...25 c. Rise of alternative media…………………………………………….27 V. The media in Ukraine: After Euromaidan, war with Russia……………30 a. Mainstream media on the war in eastern Ukraine……….…………..31 b. More alternative media focused on war in eastern Ukraine….……...34 c. Outside influences and computer-assisted reporting……………..…36 VI. The Ukrainian government and its information………………………...39 VII. Analysis and discussion………………………………………………...43 VIII. For further research……...………………………………………….…..46 IX. Conclusion…………………………………………………………...…48 I. Introduction Slawsky 1 “This is war. You’re part of it.” - Appeal of Ukrainian civil society organization to a group of international journalists Albeit unintentionally, this appeal in February 2014 by a Ukrainian civil society organization to a gathered group of journalists from around the world sums up the interaction between Ukraine’s recent crises and the media. News media no longer stands separate from conflict.
  • Internal Memorandum

    Internal Memorandum

    Non-confidential version text which has been removed from the confidential version is marked [business secrets] or [XXX] as the case may be Case handlers: Tormod S. Johansen, Brussels, 11 July 2007 Runa Monstad Tel: (+32)(0)2 286 1841/1842 Case No: 13114 e-mail: [email protected] Event No: 436086 By fax (+47 22 83 07 95) and courier Viasat AS Care of: BA-HR Advokatfirma Att: Mr. Helge Stemshaug Postboks 1524 Vika N-0117 Oslo Norway Dear Mr. Stemshaug, Case COM 13114 (former case COM 020.0173) - Viasat/TV2/Canal Digital Norge (please quote this reference in all correspondence) I refer to the application of Viasat AS dated 30 July 2001, pursuant to Article 3 of Chapter II of Protocol 41 to the Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice (hereinafter “Surveillance and Court Agreement”), regarding alleged infringements of Articles 53 and 54 of the Agreement on the European Economic Area (hereinafter “EEA Agreement” or “EEA”) by TV2 Gruppen AS and Canal Digital Norge AS. By this letter I inform you that, pursuant to Article 7(1) of Chapter III of Protocol 4 to the Surveillance and Court Agreement,2 the Authority considers that, for the reasons set out below and on the basis of the information in its possession, there are insufficient grounds for acting on your complaint. 1 As applicable before the entry into force of the Agreement amending Protocol 4 of 24 September 2004 (e.i.f. 20.5.2005). 2 As applicable after the entry into force of the Agreement amending Protocol 4 of 3 December 2004 (e.i.f.
  • The Kremlin's Irregular Army: Ukrainian Separatist Order of Battle

    The Kremlin's Irregular Army: Ukrainian Separatist Order of Battle

    THE KREMLIN’S IRREGULARY ARMY: UKRAINIAN SEPARATIST ORDER OF BATTLE | FRANKLIN HOLCOMB | AUGUST 2017 Franklin Holcomb September 2017 RUSSIA AND UKRAINE SECURITY REPORT 3 THE KREMLIN’S IRREGULAR ARMY: UKRAINIAN SEPARATIST ORDER OF BATTLE WWW.UNDERSTANDINGWAR.ORG 1 Cover: A Pro-Russian separatist sits at his position at Savur-Mohyla, a hill east of the city of Donetsk, August 28, 2014. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing or from the publisher. ©2017 by the Institute for the Study of War. Published in 2017 in the United States of America by the Instittue for the Study of War. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 | Washington, DC 20036 understandingwar.org 2 Franklin Holcomb The Kremlin’s Irregular Army: Ukrainian Separatist Order of Battle ABOUT THE AUTHOR Franklin Holcomb is a Russia and Ukraine Research Analyst at the Institute for the Study of War where he focuses on the war in Ukraine, Ukrainian politics, and Russian foreign policy in Eastern Europe. His current research focuses on studying the development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Russian-backed separatist formations operating in Eastern Ukraine, as well as analyzing Russian political and military activity in Moldova, the Baltic, and the Balkans. Mr. Holcomb is the author of “The Order of Battle of the Ukrainian Armed Forces: A Key Component in European Security,” “Moldova Update: Kremlin Will Likely Seek to Realign Chisinau”, “Ukraine Update: Russia’s Aggressive Subversion of Ukraine,” as well as ISW’s other monthly updates on the political and military situation in Ukraine.