Sweetness and Power the Place of Sugar in Modern History
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Building Big Flavor
BUILDING BIG FLAVOR Watching your sodium intake? Balancing flavors is the key to a flavorful meal when reducing the salt in a dish. Think about adding these flavor enhancers instead of reaching for the salt shaker! Sweet Bitter Acidic Umami (Savory) Brings balance and Balances sweetness Brings brightness Makes a dish savory or roundness to a dish by and cuts richness - and adds a salty meaty tasting and balancing acidity and best used as flavor that enhances flavors - reach bitterness and background flavor balances for these before salt! highlighting other flavors sweetness Fruit juices, Nectars, Greens (Kale, Lemon, Lime, Tomato Products Concentrates, Chard, Dandelion, Orange and (especially canned, like Reductions, Caramelized Chicory, Watercress, Pineapple Juice, paste) Soy Sauce, Onions, Carrots, Sweet Arugula) Broccoli Vinegars, Wine, Mushrooms (especially Potatoes, Butternut Rabe, Broccoli, Tamarind, dried) Cured or brined Squash, Roasted Cabbage, Brussels Pickled Foods, foods (olives) Seaweed, Peppers, Honey, Maple Sprouts, Asparagus, Cranberries, Sour Fish Sauce, Fermented Syrup, Molasses, Dried Some Mustards, Cherries, Tomato Foods (Miso, Fermented Fruits, Tomato Paste, Grapefruit, Citrus Products Black beans, Sauerkraut) Beets, Reduced Vinegars, Rind/Zest, Beer, Aged cheeses (Parmesan, Wine, Wine, Teas (black & Blue, Gouda) Liquid Amino green) Acids, Seafood (especially dried), Worcestershire Sauce, Anchovy, Beef, Pork (especially cured), Chicken Don’t forget to read nutrition labels and watch for foods that are commonly high -
Caramelization of Sugar
Caramelization of Sugar Sugar is caramelized when it is melted into a clear golden to dark brown syrup, reaching a temperature from 320 to 356 degrees F. It goes through many stages which are determined by the recipe being made. Using a pure copper sugar pan will allow total control of the sugar and avoid crystallization of sugar. At 338 degrees F, the sugar syrup begins to caramelize creating an intense flavor and rich color, from light and clear to dark brown. Depending upon when the cooking stops and it cools and hardens, caramel textures can range from soft to brittle. A soft caramel is a candy made with caramelized sugar, butter and milk. Crushed caramel is used as a topping for ice cream and other desserts. When it cracks easily and is the base for nut brittles. To start, add some water to dry sugar in a pure copper sugar pan, stirring, until it reaches the consistency of wet sand. An interfering agent, such as lemon juice will help prevent re-crystallization because of the acid in it. Instead of using lemon juice, you could add acidity with vinegar, cream of tartar or corn syrup. Always start with a very clean pan and utensils. Any dirt or debris can cause crystals to form around it. Heat the pure copper sugar pan over a medium flame. As the sugar melts, you can wash down the sides of a pan with a wet brush, which also prevents crystallization by removing any dried drops of syrup that might start crystals. As the caramel heats, it colors in amber shades from light to deep brown. -
Taste and Smell Disorders in Clinical Neurology
TASTE AND SMELL DISORDERS IN CLINICAL NEUROLOGY OUTLINE A. Anatomy and Physiology of the Taste and Smell System B. Quantifying Chemosensory Disturbances C. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders causing Primary Smell Impairment with Secondary Loss of Food Flavors a. Post Traumatic Anosmia b. Medications (prescribed & over the counter) c. Alcohol Abuse d. Neurodegenerative Disorders e. Multiple Sclerosis f. Migraine g. Chronic Medical Disorders (liver and kidney disease, thyroid deficiency, Diabetes). D. Common Neurological and Medical Disorders Causing a Primary Taste disorder with usually Normal Olfactory Function. a. Medications (prescribed and over the counter), b. Toxins (smoking and Radiation Treatments) c. Chronic medical Disorders ( Liver and Kidney Disease, Hypothyroidism, GERD, Diabetes,) d. Neurological Disorders( Bell’s Palsy, Stroke, MS,) e. Intubation during an emergency or for general anesthesia. E. Abnormal Smells and Tastes (Dysosmia and Dysgeusia): Diagnosis and Treatment F. Morbidity of Smell and Taste Impairment. G. Treatment of Smell and Taste Impairment (Education, Counseling ,Changes in Food Preparation) H. Role of Smell Testing in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders 1 BACKGROUND Disorders of taste and smell play a very important role in many neurological conditions such as; head trauma, facial and trigeminal nerve impairment, and many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson Disorders, Lewy Body Disease and Frontal Temporal Dementia. Impaired smell and taste impairs quality of life such as loss of food enjoyment, weight loss or weight gain, decreased appetite and safety concerns such as inability to smell smoke, gas, spoiled food and one’s body odor. Dysosmia and Dysgeusia are very unpleasant disorders that often accompany smell and taste impairments. -
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UMAMI 1 A Message from the Umami Information Center n pursuit of even more flavorful, healthy cooking, seas researchers. As a result, umami was internation- chefs the world over are turning their attention ally recognized as the fifth taste, joining the existing Ito umami. four basic tastes, and in 2002, the presence of umami Once there were thought to be four basic—or pri- receptors in the taste buds on the tongue was revealed: mary—tastes: sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Until that further scientific proof cementing umami's status as a is, Japanese scientist Dr. Kikunae Ikeda noted the primary taste. presence of another savory taste unexplainable solely In December 2013 “Washoku, traditional dietary by these four. In 1908 Ikeda attributed this fifth taste cultures of the Japanese” was accorded Intangible to the amino acid glutamate found in large quantities Cultural Heritage status by UNESCO. Japanese cui- in kombu seaweed, and dubbed it “umami.” Then sine is currently enjoying a burgeoning international in 1913 Shintaro Kodama found inosinate to be the profile thanks to the growing awareness of healthy umami component in dried bonito flakes (katsuo- eating choices. One characteristic of Japanese food bushi), and in 1957, Dr. Akira Kuninaka discovered is the skillful use of umami to create tasty, healthy umami in guanylate, later identifying guanylate as dishes without animal fats. Umami—a Japanese the umami component in dried shiitake mushrooms. word now internationally recognized—is a key ele- Glutamate, inosinate and guanylate are the three ment in palatability or “deliciousness,” and a focus dominant umami substances, and are found not only of intense interest among people involved in food, in kombu and katsuobushi, but other foods as well. -
Onset of Dysgeusia in Cancer Patients Receiving Outpatient Chemotherapy (Review) Yoshiko HASEBE Nayoro City University, JAPAN Introduction-My Background
Onset of dysgeusia in cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy (review) Yoshiko HASEBE Nayoro City University, JAPAN Introduction-My Background • I have 12 years of experience as a nurse, primarily in university hospitals. • Since then, I have been teaching theory in the areas of adult nursing at university, and I also take students on clinical practice for hands-on instruction now for 19 years. • One of the nursing philosophies that I have developed over these 31years of my career as a nurse is that “The joy that patients experience in eating can draw out their drive to survive.” Oxygen Cannula Iriscorder Introduction I have been experimentally Measurement of salivary researching on nursing care for patients of cancer, neurovascular diseases, COPD, Stoma, and so on. (from https://www.convatec.co.jp) Current initiatives related to chemotherapy • Taste disorders are well known to occur frequently as a side effect of chemotherapy. • However, the relationship between changes in the five primary tastes and the regimen or the mechanism of taste disorders is not explored in detail in the field of nursing. • As such, I reviewed nursing databases and papers on the anatomical and biological studies on this topic in medicine or dentistry to elaborate this analysis. Data collection methods • We searched the literature database of 4 journals that publish articles related to “chemotherapy” and “taste”, and reviewed knowledge useful for “nursing care of cancer patients. • The name of 4 journals: ★Japanese journal of cancer chemotherapy ★The Japanese journal of taste and smell research ★Journal of Japanese society of cancer nursing ★Oral science international • I conducted on April 26, 2016. -
Ingredient Book 11-4-2020.Pdf
The following is a list of ingredients used in various recipes that are served to clients of Meals on Wheels as dictated through our menus. Regular and modified menus are approved by a registered dietitian to ensure proper nutrition for older adults. It is the client’s responsibility to ensure physician’s recommendations are followed. Every effort will be made to provide the selected menu, but occasionally there may be a substitution served due to circumstances beyond our control. Menus are subject to change. In addition, substitute ingredients may be used due to circumstances beyond our control with vendors. Exact serving sizes and detailed nutrition information is available upon request. For questions or concerns about the menu or for the most up to date ingredients please call Amber Goines at 740-681-5050. 11/4/2020 Beef BEEF, STRIP FAJITA SEASONED COOKED FROZEN SMARTSERVE INGREDIENTS BEEF, WATER, SEASONING [SALT, MALTODEXTRIN, SODIUM PHOSPHATE, GARLIC, SPICES, DISODIUM INOSINATE AND DISODIUM GUANYLATE, PAPAIN], VEGETABLE PROTEIN PRODUCT [SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE, ZINC OXIDE, NIACINAMIDE, FERROUS SULFATE, COPPER GLUCONATE, VITAMIN A PALMITATE, CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE, THIAMINE MONONITRATE B1, PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE B6, RIBOFLAVIN B2, CYANOCOBALAMIN B12], CONTAINS 2 OR LESS OF THE FOLLOWING CANOLA OIL WITH TBHQ AND CITRIC ACID, DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE], BLACK PEPPER, DEXTROSE, SODIUM PHOSPHATE, YEAST EXTRACT, NATURAL FLAVOR. CONTAINS SOY BEEF, TOP INSIDE ROUND PACKER INGREDIENTS NOT AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME BEEF, PATTY GROUND STEAK 78/22 4:1 HOMESTYLE RAW FROZEN CLOUD THE CLOUD BEEF BEEF, BREADED STEAK COUNTRY FRIED LOW SALT COOKED FROZEN ADVANCE FOOD HEARTLAND BEEF BEEF, SALT, POTASSIUM AND SODIUM PHOSPHATE. BREADED WITH: ENRICHED BLEACHED WHEAT FLOUR ENRICHED WITH NIACIN, FERROUS SULFATE, THIAMINE MONONITRATE, RIBOFLAVIN, FOLIC ACID, SPICES, SALT, LEAVENING SODIUM ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE, TORULA YEAST, SOYBEAN OIL, ONION POWDER. -
Nutritive Sweeteners from Corn Have Become America’S Premier Sweeteners
NutritiveNutritive SweetenersSweeteners FromFrom CornCorn CONTENTS Member Companies and Plant Locations ....................................... 2 Foreword .......................................................................................... 3 Historical Perspective ...................................................................... 4 Research and development orientation ....................................... 5 Technology aimed at needs .......................................................... 7 Growth, Development and Diversity ............................................. 7 CONTENTS Classification and Nutrition ............................................................ 9 Classification ................................................................................. 9 Corn sweeteners in nutrition ..................................................... 10 Technical Background ................................................................... 11 Corn starch ................................................................................. 11 Starch hydrolysis ........................................................................ 13 Crystalline dextrose .................................................................... 14 Dextrose isomerization .............................................................. 15 Manufacture ................................................................................... 17 Corn syrups ................................................................................ 17 Dried corn syrups ...................................................................... -
Alteration, Reduction and Taste Loss: Main Causes and Potential Implications on Dietary Habits
nutrients Review Alteration, Reduction and Taste Loss: Main Causes and Potential Implications on Dietary Habits Davide Risso 1,* , Dennis Drayna 2 and Gabriella Morini 3 1 Ferrero Group, Soremartec Italia Srl, 12051 Alba, CN, Italy 2 National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; [email protected] 3 University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele 9, Bra, 12042 Pollenzo, CN, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0173-313214 Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 23 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Our sense of taste arises from the sensory information generated after compounds in the oral cavity and oropharynx activate taste receptor cells situated on taste buds. This produces the perception of sweet, bitter, salty, sour, or umami stimuli, depending on the chemical nature of the tastant. Taste impairments (dysgeusia) are alterations of this normal gustatory functioning that may result in complete taste losses (ageusia), partial reductions (hypogeusia), or over-acuteness of the sense of taste (hypergeusia). Taste impairments are not life-threatening conditions, but they can cause sufficient discomfort and lead to appetite loss and changes in eating habits, with possible effects on health. Determinants of such alterations are multiple and consist of both genetic and environmental factors, including aging, exposure to chemicals, drugs, trauma, high alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, poor oral health, malnutrition, and viral upper respiratory infections including influenza. Disturbances or loss of smell, taste, and chemesthesis have also emerged as predominant neurological symptoms of infection by the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as well as by previous both endemic and pandemic coronaviruses such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV. -
A Taste by Any Other Name
by Rowan Jacobsen I’ve always struggled to explain to the uninitiated my weakness for certain foods. Raw oysters, for example. A Taste by Any What do they taste like? Hard to say. I usually trot out some bromide about the essence of the sea, wet rocks at Other Name low tide, leaving my audience more skeptical than ever. Then there are tea, anchovies, tomatoes, Gor- gonzola — love ’em or leave ’em. I love ’em. And Umami Comes West at last I and the other anchovyheads out there have scientific proof that we aren’t deranged. Those foods I’ve mentioned — oysters, tea, cured fish, ripe toma- toes, aged cheese — are burgeoning with umami, the “fifth taste.” It’s hard for Westerners to say umami without feel- ing silly, but the word has been common in Japan for centuries. Literally, it means “the essence of delicious- ness,” and it’s used to describe any food at its height of perfection. As such, it was the word chosen in 1907 by a food chemist named Kikunae Ikeda to evoke the elusive tastiness of a bowl of dashi (dried-kelp-and-fish broth), which has a taste separate from the standard quartet of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The word stuck and was adopted by the rest of the world. Umami is a vague term. It’s as if a Frenchman had discovered this indescribable fifth taste and named it je ne sais quoi. But we know the quoi: it’s an amino acid called glutamate. When Dr. Ikeda put his kelp to the rack, he discovered it was loaded with glutamate — so much, in fact, that pure white crystals of the stuff appeared on the kelp as it dried. -
NELSON WÜRZER 2018 Awards Wine Analysis E Vineyard
NELSON WÜRZER 2018 Awards 4 Stars - Michael Cooper, ‘New Zealand Wines 2020’ michaelcooper.co.nz - Nov19 Wine Analysis Vineyard: Seifried Redwood Valley Vineyard Sugar at Harvest: 21.4°Brix Date of Harvest: 11 March 2018 pH of Wine: 3.16 T.A of Wine: 7.4g/L Residual Sugar: 10g/L Suitable for Vegetarians and Vegans: Yes “Exotic, fruity and aromatic bouquet with avours of sweet grapefruit, peach, red apple, and juicyfruit gum. O dry with some honey, barley sugar and lemon avours. Fresh, crisp nish. Fresh, crisp nish. Drink now and through 2021.” Cameron Douglas MS, July 2018 e Vineyard e unirrigated Redwood Valley vineyard is situated on a gently sloping, north-facing clay site; the vines were planted in 1999. Vertical shoot positioning helps to expose the berries to sunlight, thus getting maximum intensity and optimal ripeness. Winemakers Note Our Würzer has developed quite a following in the dozen or so years that we have been producing it. We proudly make the only Würzer in New Zealand, with just a few rows of the fragrant grape variety on our clay-soiled Redwood Valley vineyard. e aromatic cross is only planted in very small quantities, even in its home country of Germany. e Würzer was some of the very rst fruit we harvested during the 2018 vintage. It was picked in good condition as the vintage commenced. Aer harvest, the grapes were de-stemmed and pressed quickly to retain the clean freshness of the variety. e clear juice was inoculated with a pure yeast strain and then a cool, temperature controlled fermentation began. -
Flavor Profiles and How to Balance and Enhance These Flavors in Your Cooking
GUIDE TO Here’s your guide to basic flavor profiles and how to balance and enhance these flavors in your cooking. With this info you’ll create FLAVOR PROFILES perfectly balanced and flavorful culinary masterpieces! SALTY & SAVORY/UMAMI BITTERNESS Balances bitterness. Enhances sweetness. Balances sweetness, saltiness. THE FLAVOR STAR SALTY/ UMAMI IF YOU NEED TO ADD SALT/UMAMI ENHANCES IF YOU NEED TO ADD BITTER Brings out the other flavor SPICE SWEET BALANCES KOSHER SEA ANCHOVIES/ HARD CHEESES, Counteracts the other SALT SALT ANCHOVY PASTE LIKE PARMESAN flavor. If your dish is COFFEE COCOA/CACAO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE BEER experiencing too much of BITTER SOUR one flavor, use a balancing FOOD INGREDIENTS THAT ARE BITTER flavor to level it out. SOY FISH PICKLED SAUCE SAUCE SEAWEED MISO VEGETABLES Balances sourness, bitterness, DANDELION GREENS ENDIVES BROCCOLI SPINACH FOOD INGREDIENTS THAT ARE SALTY/UMAMI SWEET spice. Enhances saltiness. IF YOU NEED TO ADD SWEET MUSHROOMS TOMATOES BACON AND OTHER CURED MEATS KALE OKRA BITTER MELON RADICCHIO MAPLE JAM SOUR SUGAR STEVIA SYRUP HONEY SPICY Balances spice, sweetness, bitterness. Balances sweetness. Enhances saltiness. IF YOU NEED TO ADD SPICE IF YOU NEED TO ADD SOUR BALSAMIC APPLE CIDER BBQ MOLASSES VINEGAR VINEGAR KETCHUP SAUCE FOOD INGREDIENTS THAT ARE SWEET HOT SAUCES WASABI HORSERADISH DIJON MUSTARD LEMON LIME ORANGE VINEGARS LIKE SHERRY, RED, RICE, JUICE JUICE JUICE BALSAMIC, APPLE CIDER BUTTERNUT, CARROTS SWEET CORN BEETS KABOCHA HARISSA JALPEÑOS HABAÑEROS PICKLED POTATOES SQUASH TOMATO PASTE YOGURT SOUR CREAM VEGETABLES FOOD INGREDIENTS THAT ARE SPICY FOOD INGREDIENTS THAT ARE SOUR RADISHES TOMATOES SUGAR MOST ARUGULA (WHEN RAW) WATERCRESS SNAP PEAS FENNEL PARSNIPS PEAS FRUIT helping home cooks live To learn more about adding flavor to your meals visit happier, simpler, smarter in the kitchen cooksmarts.com/flavor. -
A-08) the Health Effects of High Fructose Syrup (Resolution 407, A-07) (Reference Committee D
REPORT 3 OF THE COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND PUBLIC HEALTH (A-08) The Health Effects of High Fructose Syrup (Resolution 407, A-07) (Reference Committee D) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Objective: To review the chemical properties and health effects of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in comparison to other added caloric sweeteners and to evaluate the potential impact of restricting use of fructose-containing sweeteners, including the use of warning labels on foods containing high fructose syrups. Methods: Literature searches for articles published though December 2007 were conducted in the PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews using the search terms “high fructose corn syrup” and “high fructose syrup.” Web sites managed by federal and world health agencies, and applicable professional and advocacy organizations, were also reviewed for relevant information. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the reference lists of pertinent publications. Results: HFCS has been increasingly added to foods since its development in the late 1960s. The most commonly used types of HFCS (HFCS-42 and HFCS-55) are similar in composition to sucrose, consisting of roughly equal amounts of fructose and glucose. The primary difference is that these monosaccharides exist free in solution in HFCS, but in disaccharide form in sucrose. The disaccharide sucrose is easily cleaved in the small intestine, so free fructose and glucose are absorbed from both sucrose and HFCS. The advantage to food manufacturers is that the free monosaccharides in HFCS provide better flavor enhancement, stability, freshness, texture, color, pourability, and consistency in foods in comparison to sucrose. Concern about HFCS developed after ecological studies, using per capita estimates of HFCS consumption, found direct correlations between HFCS and obesity.