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The Married Life of Anne of Austria Queen of France (1864)

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The Married Life of Anne of Austria Queen of France (1864) V THE MARRIED LIFE ANNE OF AUSTRIA, THE MARRIED LIFE ANNE OF AUSTEIA, ' QUEEN OF FRANCE, MOTHER OF LOUIS XIV. AM) DON SEBASTIAN, KING OF PORTUGAL isiontal FROM NUMEROUS UNPUBLISHED SOURCES, INCLUDING MS. DOCUMENTS IN THE BIBLIOTHEQUE IMPERIALS, AND THE ARCHIVES OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. MARTHA WALKER FREER, Author of "The Life of Margnerite d'Angouletne, Queen of Navarre ;" "The Life of " " of of France Jeanne d'Albret ; The Court and Times Henry III., King and " " Poland The Life of Henri tic. ; Qiiatre^' &.C., IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. LONDON : TINSLEY BROTHERS, 18, CATHERINE ST., STRAND. 1864. [The right of Translation is reserved.] F14- LONDON BBADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHTTEFEIARS. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. CHAPTER 1. PAGE ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND LOOS XIII 1 CHAPTER II. ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM . 44 CHAPTER III. ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND THE CONSPIRACY OF THE PRINCE DE CHALAIS 108 CHAPTER IV. ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND MARIE DE' MEDICI . .166 CHAPTER V. ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND MADEMOISELLE DE HAUTEFORT . 242 CHAPTER VI. ANNE OF AUSTRIA, MADEMOISELLE DE LA FAYETTE, AND THE DUCHESSE DE CHEVREUSE 301 THE MARRIED LIFE OF ANNE OF AUSTRIA. CHAPTER I. 16121617. ANNE OF AUSTRIA AND LOUIS XIII. ON the 18th of March, 1612, proclamation was made throughout Paris, of the betrothal of Louis XIII., by the grace of God King of France and Navarre, with the Infanta Marie Anne Mauricette, daughter of Philip III. King of Spain, and of of Austria also of Marguerite ; Madame Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Henri Quatre and Marie de' Medici, sister of Louis XIIL, with Don Philip Prince of the Asturias, eldest son of the Catholic King. The year 1612, from the splendid festivities which ensued, was termed L'ANNEE DBS MAGNIFICENCES. In celebration of the auspicious event of the mar- riages, a carousal was holden in the Place Royale the first week in during April ; which was followed by a succession of brilliant fetes, balls and banquet- VOL. I. 2 THE MARRIED LIFE OF [1612 ings at the Louvre, at Fontainebleau, and at St. Germain. The Spanish Ambassador, Duque de Pas- trana, son of Ruy Gomez de Silva Prince of Eboly, the famous favourite of Philip II. late King of Spain, arrived in state at the Louvre, and saluted the bride elect of the Prince of the Asturias and youthful ; throughout the festivities he gave her the honours due to the consort of the heir of Spain.* The Duke de Mayenne Charles de Lorraine Guise, was at the same time despatched to the court of Madrid, to compliment the young Infanta in the name of his Louis XIII. and to master ; express the earnest desire of his Majesty to hasten her arrival in his realm. By the signature of these marriage contracts, which bound the realms of France and Spain by double matrimonial alliance, the Regent Marie de' Medici and her reactionary faction reversed the of Henri and policy Quatre ; pardoned the Spanish cabinet the calamities inflicted on the realm by the wars of the and the Holy League ; perfidious intrigues and machinations which had finally compassed the assassination of a hero so dear to France, In 1609 similar overtures for the marriage of the children of France and Spain had been summarily * MS. Bibl. Colbert Imp. 500, vol. 140, p. 32. Mem. de Wicquefort t. 1, p. 4. 1617.] ANNE OF AUSTRIA. 3 rejected by Henri IV. Indeed, Henry testified an " invincible aversion for such alliance as ; being a step and to alienate the crowns impolitic, likely totally ; for, as the grandeur of France is the humiliation of Spain, no concord is possible. France can never forgive the woes, and political calamities inflicted during the past half century by the government of Spain."* The allies towards whom Henry inclined were the King of England, the German Protestant Princes, and the Dutch Republic. The secret aim of his policy was to humble the haughty princes of to break the from the neck Hapsburg ; Spanish yoke of to curtail the dominions of Europe ; Austria, by exciting to revolt and freedom her tributary king- doms of and and Hungary, Bohemia ; by maintaining the rights of the Electors of the Germanic Empire, to choose and proclaim their Imperial Chief. Marie de' Medici, however, brought up in abject veneration for and actuated intense dis- the Spanish monarchy ; by trust of the ministers and friends of her deceased husband, adopted, on her accession to the regency, a totally different policy. The vast preparations and edicts of Henri IV. for the campaign which his death interrupted, were cancelled. The alliance of * Histoire de la Mere et du Fils, t. 1. This history was written by the Cardinal de Richelieu, and published during the cardinal's lifetime, under the name of Eudes de Mezeray, who was historiographer to the king. B2 4 THE MARRIED LIFE OF [1612 was for the moment abandoned was England ; Sully Concini was created disgraced ; Marquis d'Ancre, in the council while and elevated to a place ; the Holy See received assurances of the devotion of the Queen, and of her submission to the counsels, and interest of his Holiness. These measures were followed by civil disaffection : the Prince de Conde, the Duke de Bou- illon, the Constable de Montmorency, and the Duke de Nevers, retired from court and intrenched them- " selves within their respective governments. France/' " said they, is now governed in Turkish fashion by that scoundrel and traitor the Florentine Concini ; who sells by auction the honours of the realm, and dares to set his plebeian foot on the necks of the chivalrous captains of Henri Quatre." Duplessis " Mornay, the pope of the Calvinists," deemed this an opportunity not to be neglected : the Huguenot for- tresses therefore soon bristled with arms and ; Mornay, exulting already in the hope of success, defied the menaces of the and the Regent ; more conciliatory overtures of his old adversary the secretary of state, Villeroy. The government of Queen Marie thus be- came isolated, and found support only from the Duke d'Epernon,* from Soissons, and other antagonists of * Jean Louis Nogaret de la Valette, Due d'Epernon, born in 1554. The a Duke, cadet of La Valette, was raised to his dignities by King Henri III., whose favourite he became. He married Marguerite de Foix a Candale, princess allied to the blood royal. The Duke d'Epernon 1617.] ANNE OF AUSTRIA. 5 late minister for at the Sully ; who, power court, were content to connive at the assumptions of Concini. At issue with the princes of the blood, and the more potent of vassals of the the the great crown ; with Hugue- nots of the Protestant of the realm ; and with princes Europe the only policy which the Regent and her clique could oppose to combinations so hostile, was alliance offensive and defensive with Spain. The Grand-Duke of Tuscany* uncle of the Queen, under- took to make the first overtures to obtain the re- newal of the ancient alliance of the crowns. The Duke of Lerma,f prime minister of Philip III., to the advance a few graciously responded ; and, months later, the double alliance between the chil- dren of France and Spain was proposed and ac- cepted. The Infanta Marie Anne Mauricette was born in the Escorial on the 22nd of September, 1601, five days before her future consort, Louis XIII. The Condesa de Altamira was her governess, and had trained her in habits of piety, and in courtly devoirs. Anne was a fair and bonny child, the darling of died in 1646, at the age of 88. "Tout chez lui etait splendeur et faste." * Ferdinand 1st, Cardinal, Grand-Duke of Tuscany. His consort was Christine de Lorraine, daughter of Duke Charles III. of Lorraine, and of Claude de France, daughter of Henri II. and Catherine de' Medici. t Don Francisco Rojos de Sandoval, Duke of Lerma, minister and favourite of Philip III., King of Spain. 6 THE MARKIED LIFE OF [1612- the ceremonious court of Madrid, and of her father and her gentle mother, Marguerite.* She seems never to have been consigned to the dreary mono- tony of a royal nursery establishment, but appears to have always followed the queen her mother. At the masques and court revels, the dainty little Infanta often appeared en scene, drawn by two diminutive in a car or ponies golden ; upborne, by tiny nymphs of her own age, in a mimic conch-shell. Anne early lost her virtuous mother, who died at Valladolid, after giving birth to a third daughter, the infanta Marguerite a fatal event, preceded, as it was said, by the booming of the mystic Bell of Vil- lela,f which was heard throughout the peninsula. Anne was eleven years old when she was betrothed to Louis XIIL, and thus became the heroine of the splendid ambassage of the Duke de Mayenne. The Duke was received with enthusiasm by the Spanish court ; which, perhaps, remembered that his father, and his uncle Henri, Duke de Guise, had proved themselves to be better subjects of Spain, than loyal to their own princes. On the 17th of July, 1612, Mayenne was presented to Philip III. by the Duke d'Uzeda. His Majesty, by a great stretch of con- * Marguerite of Austria, daughter of Charles, Archduke of Gratzen, and niece of the Emperor Maximilian II. t See History of Don Sebastian, King of Portugal, chap. 3. 1617.] ANNE OF AUSTRIA. 7 descension, embraced the ambassador cordially, and presented to him the Prince of Asturias, who stood at his right, as the future husband of Madame Isabel of France. The marriage contract, which had been negotiated in Paris, was signed on the 22nd day of August, after final revision by the Spanish privy council.
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