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Switching Relations: the Rise and Fall of the Norwegian Telecom Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives Switching Relations The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry by Sverre A. Christensen A dissertation submitted to BI Norwegian School of Management for the Degree of Dr.Oecon Series of Dissertations 2/2006 BI Norwegian School of Management Department of Innovation and Economic Organization Sverre A. Christensen: Switching Relations: The rise and fall of the Norwegian telecom industry © Sverre A. Christensen 2006 Series of Dissertations 2/2006 ISBN: 82 7042 746 2 ISSN: 1502-2099 BI Norwegian School of Management N-0442 Oslo Phone: +47 4641 0000 www.bi.no Printing: Nordberg The dissertation may be ordered from our website www.bi.no (Research - Research Publications) ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Knut Sogner, who has played a crucial role throughout the entire process. Thanks for having confidence and patience with me. A special thanks also to Mats Fridlund, who has been so gracious as to let me use one of his titles for this dissertation, Switching relations. My thanks go also to the staff at the Centre of Business History at the Norwegian School of Management, most particularly Gunhild Ecklund and Dag Ove Skjold who have been of great support during turbulent years. Also in need of mentioning are Harald Rinde, Harald Espeli and Lars Thue for inspiring discussion and com- ments on earlier drafts. The rest at the centre: no one mentioned, no one forgotten. My thanks also go to the Department of Innovation and Economic Organization at the Norwegian School of Management, and Per Ingvar Olsen. -
INTRODUCCIÓN: Facetas Inexploradas Del Nazismo
INTRODUCCIÓN: Facetas inexploradas del Nazismo Desde principios de los 1920, han circulado al efecto informes no substanciados que no sólo los industriales alemanes, sino también los financieros de Wall Street, posiblemente tuvieron algún rol - un papel sustancial - en el ascenso de Hitler y el nazismo. Este libro presenta la evidencia previamente inédita, un gran tracto de los archivos de los Tribunales Militares de Nuremberg, para apoyar esta hipótesis. Sin embargo, no pueden encontrarse el pleno impacto y sugestividad de la evidencia de leer exclusivamente este volumen. Dos libros anteriores en esta serie, Wall Street y la Revolución bolchevique [1] y Wall Street y FDR, [2] describieron los papeles de las mismas empresas, y a menudo los mismos individuos y sus socios directores, trabajando duro, manipulando y ayudando la revolución bolchevique en Rusia en 1917, respaldando a Franklin D. Roosevelt para presidente en los Estados Unidos en 1933, así como ayudando al ascenso de Hitler en la pre-guerra de Alemania. En resumen, este libro es parte de un estudio más extenso del ascenso del socialismo moderno y los socialistas corporativos. Este grupo políticamente activo de Wall Street es más o menos el mismo círculo elitista generalmente conocido entre los conservadores como el "Establecimiento Liberal", por liberales (por ejemplo G. William Domhoff) como "clase gobernante", [3] y por los teóricos de conspiración Gary Allen [4] y Dan Smoot [5] como "Personas enteradas". Pero cualquier cosa que nosotros lo llamemos, este auto-perpetuado grupo elitista, es de aparente y fundamental significado en la determinación de los asuntos mundiales, a un nivel detrás, por lejos y anterior al de los políticos elegidos. -
Luis Rosario Albert Estado, Empresa Y
REDES ESTADO, EMPRESA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES EN PUERTO RICO LUIS ROSARIO ALBERT JuntaREGLAMENTADORA de Telecomunicaciones DE PUERTO RICO Para ver este documento como un libro ajuste el formato en Adobe Reader realizando los siguientes pasos: Adobe Reader > Ver > Presentación de Página > Vista de Dos Páginas Adobe Reader > View > Page Display > Two Page View Importante asegúrese que las siguientes opciones no estén seleccionadas: Mostrar Espacios Entre Páginas Mostrar Página de Portada en Vista de Dos Páginas Show Gaps Between Pages Show Cover Page in Two Page View REDES: ESTADO, EMPRESA Y TELECOMUNICACIONES EN PUERTO RICO © Junta Reglamentadora de Telecomunicaciones de Puerto Rico Todos los derechos reservados. Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total de este libro. Primera edición: Noviembre 2016 Investigación/Derechos morales Luis Rosario Albert Edición/Corrección de textos Maria Eugenia Hidalgo Coordinadora de producción Karen Garnik, Beyond Branding Communications Diseño gráfico/Montaje Alberto Rigau & Edna Isabel Acosta, Estudio Interlínea Diseño de gráficas Stephanie Rodríguez, Estudio Interlínea Impresión Model Offset Printing ISBN: 978-0-9981550-0-5 Impreso y encuadernado en Humacao, Puerto Rico. Fotos páginas 1-7: AGPR Foto páginas 8-9: El Mundo, UPR AbreviAturAs en ilustrAciones El Mundo, UPR Colección del periódico El Mundo, Biblioteca Digital Puertorriqueña, Universidad de Puerto Rico AGPR Archivo General de Puerto Rico FLMM Fundación Luis Muñoz Marín FRHC Fundación Rafael Hernández Colón ACPR Autoridad de Comunicaciones de -
J]!J1�©1Ffilit�J1 �@�OO�IT�'Frit@� Technical Journal of the International Telephone Arul Telegraph Corporation and Associate Companies
J]!J1�©1ffilIT�J1 �@�OO�IT�'frIT@� Technical Journal of the International Telephone arul Telegraph Corporation and Associate Companies • IN MEMORIAM-SOSTHENES BEHN GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON ELECTRONIC SWITCHING FULLY ELECTRONIC 20-LINE. AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE. EXCHANGE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS IN MECHANOELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEM HELSINKl-TAt'1PERE COAXIAL. CABLE LUMINESC:ENCE DECREASE. OF PHOSPHORS BY ELECTRON BURN AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY CONTROL FOR PULSED KLYSTRON Volume 34 JUNE, 1957 Number 2 www.americanradiohistory.com ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATI N Technical Journal of the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation and Associate Companies H. P. WESTMAN, Editor J. E. ScHLAIKJER, Assistant Editor EDITORIAL BOARD H. G.Busignies H. H.Buttner R. S. Caruthers G. Chevigny A. G. Clavier E. M. Deloraine G. Goudet J. A. Henderson B. C. Holding J. Kruithof W. P. Maginnis A. W. Montgomery E. D. Phinney G. Rabuteau P. C. Sandretto N. H. Saunders C. E. Scholz T. R. Scott C. E. Strong F. R. Thomas H.B. Wood Published Quarterly by the INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION 67 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 4, NEW YORK, U.S.A. Edmond H. Leavey, President C. Douglas Webb, Secretary Subscription, $:1.00per year; single copies, 50 cents Copyrighted© 1957 by International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation Volume 34 JUNE, 1957 Number 2 CONTENTS IN 1-fEMORIAM-SOSTHENES BEHN . • • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • 79 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON ELECTRONIC SWITCHING . • . • • • • • . 80 By Georges Goudet FULLY ELECTRONIC 20-LINE AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE EXCHANGE . • • • • . • • 92 By Claude Dumousseau PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS IN THE MECHANOELECTRONIC TELEPHONE SWITCHING SYSTEM . • • • • . • • • . • . • 102 By Hans H. Adelaar HELSINKI-TAMPERE COAXIAL CABLE . • . 122 By Olli Lehto and Raimo Piiytiiniemi LUMINESCENCE DECREASE OF PHOSPHOR SCREENS BY ELECTRON BURN ..•...•...••... -
Antony C. Sutton – Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler
PREFACE This is the third and final volume of a trilogy describing the role of the American corporate socialists, otherwise known as the Wall Street financial elite or the Eastern Liberal Establishment, in three significant twentieth-century historical events: the 1917 Lenin- Trotsky Revolution in Russia, the 1933 election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States, and the 1933 seizure of power by Adolf Hitler in Germany. Each of these events introduced some variant of socialism into a major country — i.e., Bolshevik socialism in Russia, New Deal socialism in the United States, and National socialism in Germany. Contemporary academic histories, with perhaps the sole exception of Carroll Quigley's Tragedy And Hope, ignore this evidence. On the other hand, it is understandable that universities and research organizations, dependent on financial aid from foundations that are controlled by this same New York financial elite, would hardly want to support and to publish research on these aspects of international politics. The bravest of trustees is unlikely to bite the hand that feeds his organization. It is also eminently clear from the evidence in this trilogy that "public-spirited businessmen" do not journey to Washington as lobbyists and administrators in order to serve the United States. They are in Washington to serve their own profit-maximizing interests. Their purpose is not to further a competitive, free-market economy, but to manipulate a politicized regime, call it what you will, to their own advantage. It is business manipulation of Hitler's accession to power in March 1933 that is the topic of Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler. -
Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler
PREFACE This is the third and final volume of a trilogy describing the role of the American corporate socialists, otherwise known as the Wall Street financial elite or the Eastern Liberal Establishment, in three significant twentieth-century historical events: the 1917 Lenin- Trotsky Revolution in Russia, the 1933 election of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States, and the 1933 seizure of power by Adolf Hitler in Germany. Each of these events introduced some variant of socialism into a major country — i.e., Bolshevik socialism in Russia, New Deal socialism in the United States, and National socialism in Germany. Contemporary academic histories, with perhaps the sole exception of Carroll Quigley's Tragedy And Hope, ignore this evidence. On the other hand, it is understandable that universities and research organizations, dependent on financial aid from foundations that are controlled by this same New York financial elite, would hardly want to support and to publish research on these aspects of international politics. The bravest of trustees is unlikely to bite the hand that feeds his organization. It is also eminently clear from the evidence in this trilogy that "public-spirited businessmen" do not journey to Washington as lobbyists and administrators in order to serve the United States. They are in Washington to serve their own profit-maximizing interests. Their purpose is not to further a competitive, free-market economy, but to manipulate a politicized regime, call it what you will, to their own advantage. It is business manipulation of Hitler's accession to power in March 1933 that is the topic of Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler. -
L1 1Ffilit L1 CC@ IT©£1Rit@
�l1��1ffilIT�l1 CC@���IT©£1rIT@� Tecknical Journal of the lnternaticraal Telephone and Telegraph Corporation and Asso£iate Companies • MANUFACTtIRE. (}F COAXIAL CABLES FAULT LOCATIDN BY PULSE... TIME MODULATION LIFE. OF VALVES WITH OXIDE..-COATED, CATHODES SECONDARY EMISSION IN THE PRESENCE. OXIDE...COATED CATH1JllMlS OF .DIRECT-WIRE. REMOTE CONTROL AT LOCH SL0¥ POWER STATION TELEVISION-LINK SOUND mPLEXER TRANSMISSlfiN-:UNE BALANCE INDICATOR FOR TRANSMIT'l�E-RS SUPPRESSIDN OF HABMONU::S IN RADIO TRANSMITTERS trANTIZATION PULSE-COUNT MODULATION WITH NONUN"IFORM LEVELS Q IN TIME-DIVISION-MELTJ.PLEX TELEGRAPH SYSTEM FOR. RADIO CIBCUITS INTERFERENCE IN MULTI-CHANNEL. CIRCUITS Volume 28 JUNE, 1951 NumheT 2 www.americanradiohistory.com ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION Technical Journal of the INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION and Associate Companies H. P. WESTMAN, Editor F. J. MANN, Managing Editor J. E. ScmAIKJER, Assistant Editor EDITORIAL BOARD P. Bourget H. Busignies H. H. Buttner E. M. Deloraine W. Hatton F. B. C. Holding J. S. Jammer E. Labin A. W. Montgomery E. D. Phinney E.G. Ports Haraden Pratt G. Rabuteau T. R. Scott C. E. Strong A. E. Thompson E. N. Wendell H.B. Wood Published Quarterly by the INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 4, NEW YORK, U.S.A. 67 Sosthenes Behn, Chairman William H. Harrison, President Charles D. Hilles, Jr., Vice President and Secretary 50 ElectricalSubscription, Communication $2.oo per is year;indexed single in Industrial copies, Artscents Index Copyrighted 1951 by International Telephone andTelegraph Corporation Volume JUNE, Number 28 1951 2 CONTENTS MANUFACTURE OF COAXIAL CABLES 83 FAULT LOCATION BY PULSE-TIME MODULATION . -
Teelm.Iaia ]Aumal of Tel and Telegraph Carporati
J;I1�©'1rIDJI�I1 oo���n�1rll©� Teelm.iaiA ]aumal ofthe 1*1'rWtiaRal Tel� and Telegraph Carporati� and Assa eia.te Compa.aitls COLO&.·TELETISION TRANSMITrER FOR 491 MEGACYCLE$ P SQUARE LOO S FOR FRlllQUENCY-MOOlJLATED BDOADCASTING TRIOD:il AMPLIFICATION FACTORS ATTENUATION AND Q FACTOR'S IN .WAVE. GUIDES PIEZfiELE£TRI£ SIIUTAl�l::ES RECENT TELE£0M.Ml1NICA'I'ION. DEVELOPMENTS DECEl\IBEB, 1946 VOL. 23 No.. 4 www.americanradiohistory.com ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION Technical Journal of the INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION and Associate Companies H. T. KoHLHAAS, Editor A F. J. M NN, Managing Editor H. P. WESTMAN, Associate Editor REGIONAL EDITORS E. G. PoRTS, Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation, Newark, New Jersey B. C. HoLDING, Standard Telephones and Cables, Ltd., London, England P. F. BouRGET, Laboratoire Central de Telecommunications, Paris, France H. B. Wooo, Standard Telephones and Cables Pty. Ltd., Sydney, Australia EDITORIAL BOARD H. Busignies H. H. Buttner G. Deakin E. M. Deloraine W. T. Gibson Sir Frank Gill W. Hatton E. Labin E. S. McLarn A. W. Montgomery Haraden Pratt G. Rabuteau F. X. Rettenmeyer T. R. Scott C. E. Strong E. N. Wendell W.K. Weston Published Quarterly by the INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION 67 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK 4, N.Y., U.S.A. Sosthenes Behn, President Charles D. Hilles, Jr., Vice President and Secretary Subscription, $r.50 per year; single copies, 50 cents Copyrighted 1946 by International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation Volume 23 December, 1946 Number 4 CONTENTS PAGE FEDERAL TELEPHONE AND RADIO CORPORATION 377 . • . • . • • • • A HISTORICAL REVIEW: 1909-1946 By F. -
Research and Development in Radio and Electronics, 1915-1974
All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between the Regents of the University of California and Harold H. Buttner dated March 4, 1981. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Director and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. The Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley History of Science and Technology Program RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RADIO AND ELECTRONICS, 1915-1974 Harold H. Buttner An Interview Conducted by Arthur Lawrence Norberg Copy No, ^ Q\ 1982 by The Regents of the University of California Harold H. Buttner 1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS — Harold H. Buttner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii INTRODUCTION iii CURRICULUM VITAE (Buttner) v Preliminary on the Hewlett-Packard Company 1 Education in California 4 Navy Radioman 11 Service at Bell Laboratories 21 International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation 28 Charles V. Litton 41 INDEX 44 CURRICULUM VITAE (No rberg) 46 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This interview with Mr. Harold Buttner is one of several dealing with the development of electrical engineering and elec- tronics within the larger series of oral histories produced by the History of Science and Technology Program of The Bancroft Library.