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Die Vererbung Der Fellfarbe Bei Pferden
Die Vererbung der Fellfarbe bei Pferden Von Noémie Pauwels Fach: Biologie Lehrerin: Frau Laubenbacher Abgabetermin: 08.03.2011 Gliederung: 1 Einleitung 1.1 Erläuterung 1.2 Genetische Grundlagen 2 Basisfarben und ihre Merkmale 2.1 Basisfarben 2.2 Rappe 2.3 Brauner 2.4 Fuchs 2.5 Multiple Allelie 3 Aufhellungen 3.1 Cream 3.1.1 Einfachaufhellungen 3.1.2 Doppelaufhellung 3.2 Champagne 3.3 Falben 3.4 Windfarben 3.5 Sonstige Aufhellungen 4 Fehlende Pigmentierung 4.1 Schecken 4.2 Tiger 4.3 Roan 4.4 Weißgeborene 5 Fortschreitende Depigmentierung 5.1 Schimmel 6 Spezielle Farbausprägungen 6.1 Kopf- und Beinabzeichen 6.3 Farbsprenkel und Äpfelung 6.4 Flächenpigmentierung 6.5 Diffuse Farbausprägungen 6.6 Augen und Hufhorn 7 Zusatzmaterial 7.1 Fußnoten 7.2 Bildmaterial 7.3 Arbeitstagebuch 7.4 Quellen 7.5 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 1 Einleitung 1.1Erläuterung Das Thema „Die Vererbung der Fellfarbe bei Pferden“ habe ich gewählt, da wir auf der Rainbow-Valley Ranch in diesem Jahr mit unserer Zucht begonnen haben und nun die ersten Fohlen geboren werden. Meiner Meinung nach sollte jeder Züchter über bestimmte Grundkenntnisse der Farbvererbung verfügen, da einige Farbschläge auch gesundheitliche Risiken für das Pferd bergen. Eine besondere oder seltene Farbe ist sicher ansprechend und erhöht den Wert eines Pferdes, dennoch sollte stets die Gesundheit und die Qualität des Pferdes im Vordergrund stehen. Zunächst werde ich einige genetische Grundlagen erläutern, damit die verschiedenen Erbgänge der Farb-Gene verständlich sind. Erst danach werden die drei möglichen Basisfarben und dann deren Aufhellungen und Muster, sowie die fortschreitende Depigmentierung aufgeführt. 1.2 Genetische Grundlagen Die Erbanlage für die Fellfarbe liegt beim Pferd in den Chromosomen, die, wie beim Menschen, immer paarweise vorliegen. -
Horse Coat Color Test Results Dt34839
HORSE COAT COLOR TEST RESULTS TONI PERDEW Case: DT34839 3005 LEXINGTON CT Date Received: 05-Aug-2013 BEDFORD, IA 50833 Report Date: 07-Aug-2013 Report ID: 3263-6964-9709-4059 Verify report at https://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/myvgl/verify.html Horse: HI JACD SILVER Reg: 5220615 DOB: 05/31/2009 Breed: QH Sex:M Alt. ID: Sire: MAINLY MERLIN Reg: Dam: BAILEYS BADLAND BUCK Reg: W10 DOMINANT RED FACTOR Not requested. Not requested. WHITE SPLASHED AGOUTI Not requested. Not requested. WHITE CREAM Not requested. TOBIANO Not requested. PEARL Not requested. LEOPARD Not requested. SILVER Not requested. GRAY Not requested. Horse is homozygous for the Dun gene. All DUN ROAN Not requested. D/D offspring should be dun dilute. CHAMPAGNE Not requested. LETHAL WHITE Not requested. OVERO SABINO 1 Not requested. For more details on horse coat color tests, please visit: www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/coatcolorhorse.php Tests for Gray, Leopard/Appalossa and Lethal White Overo are performed under license. Horse Coat Color Results with Explanations Red Factor Silver e/e - Only the red factor detected. Basic color is sorrel or chestnut in the absence of other N/N - No evidence of the altered sequence detected. modifying genes. N/Z - One copy of the altered sequence detected. Black-based horses will be chocolate with flaxen E/e - Both black and red factors detected. Either E or e transmitted to offspring. Basic color is or lightened mane and tail. Bay-based horses will have lightened black pigment on lower legs, mane black, bay or brown in the absence of other modifying genes. -
Homozygous Tobiano and Homozygous Black Could Be Winners for Your Breeding Program, If You Know How to Play Your Cards
By IRENE STAMATELAKYS Homozygous tobiano and homozygous black could be winners for your breeding program, if you know how to play your cards. L L I T S K C O T S N N A Y S E T R U O C n poker, a pair is not much to brag gets one of the pair from the sire and the in equine color genetics. If your goal about. Two pairs are just a hair bet - other of the pair from the dam.” is a black foal, and you’ve drawn the ter. But in equine color genetics, a Every gene has an address—a spe - Agouti allele, you’re out of luck. pair—or, even better, two—could cific site on a specific chromosome. be one of the best hands you’ll ever We call this address a locus—plural The Agouti effect hold. We’re talking about a sure bet— being loci. Quite often, geneticists use Approximately 20 percent of horses a pair of tobiano or black genes. the locus name to refer to a gene. registered with the APHA are bay. If Any Paint breeder will tell you that When a gene comes in different you also include the colors derived producing a quality foal that will forms, those variations are called alle - from bay—buckskin, dun, bay roan bring in top dollar is a gamble. In this les. For example, there is a tobiano and perlino—almost one-quarter of business, there are no guarantees. But allele and a non-tobiano allele. Either registered Paints carry and express the what if you could reduce some of the one can occur at the tobiano locus, Agouti allele, symbolized by an upper - risk in your breeding program as well but each chromosome can only carry case A. -
The Base Colors: Black and Chestnut the Tail, Called “Foal Fringes.”The Lower Legs Can Be So Pale That It Is Let’S Begin with the Base Colors
Foal Color 4.08 3/20/08 2:18 PM Page 44 he safe arrival of a newborn foal is cause for celebration. months the sun bleaches the foal’s birth coat, altering its appear- After checking to make sure all is well with the mare and ance even more. Other environmental issues, such as type and her new addition, the questions start to fly. What gender quality of feed, also can have a profound effect on color. And as we is it? Which traits did the foal get from each parent? And shall see, some colors do change drastically in appearance with Twhat color is it, anyway? Many times this question is not easily age, such as gray and the roany type of sabino. Finally, when the answered unless the breeder has seen many foals, of many colors, foal shed occurs, the new color coming in often looks dramatical- throughout many foaling seasons. In the landmark 1939 movie, ly dark. Is it any wonder that so many foals are registered an incor- “The Wizard of Oz,” MGM used gelatin to dye the “Horse of a rect—and sometimes genetically impossible—color each year? Different Color,” but Mother Nature does a darn good job of cre- So how do you identify your foal’s color? First, let’s keep some ating the same spectacular special effects on her foals! basic rules of genetics in mind. Two chestnuts will only produce The foal’s color from birth to the foal shed (which generally chestnut; horses of the cream, dun, and silver dilutions must have occurs between three and four months of age) can change due to had at least one parent with that particular dilution themselves; many factors, prompting some breeders to describe their foal as and grays must always have one gray parent. -
Color Coat Genetics
Color CAMERoatICAN ≤UARTER Genet HORSE ics Sorrel Chestnut Bay Brown Black Palomino Buckskin Cremello Perlino Red Dun Dun Grullo Red Roan Bay Roan Blue Roan Gray SORREL WHAT ARE THE COLOR GENETICS OF A SORREL? Like CHESTNUT, a SORREL carries TWO copies of the RED gene only (or rather, non-BLACK) meaning it allows for the color RED only. SORREL possesses no other color genes, including BLACK, regardless of parentage. It is completely recessive to all other coat colors. When breeding with a SORREL, any color other than SORREL will come exclusively from the other parent. A SORREL or CHESTNUT bred to a SORREL or CHESTNUT will yield SORREL or CHESTNUT 100 percent of the time. SORREL and CHESTNUT are the most common colors in American Quarter Horses. WHAT DOES A SORREL LOOK LIKE? The most common appearance of SORREL is a red body with a red mane and tail with no black points. But the SORREL can have variations of both body color and mane and tail color, both areas having a base of red. The mature body may be a bright red, deep red, or a darker red appearing almost as CHESTNUT, and any variation in between. The mane and tail are usually the same color as the body but may be blonde or flaxen. In fact, a light SORREL with a blonde or flaxen mane and tail may closely resemble (and is often confused with) a PALOMINO, and if a dorsal stripe is present (which a SORREL may have), it may be confused with a RED DUN. -
4COLOURS of the FJORD HORSE2014
COLOURS of the FJORD HORSE By Tor Nestaas. The colours of the Fjord Horse are a variety of dun colours. The central –Asian Wild Horse, the Prezewalski horse and the European Wild Horse, the Tarpan have the same types of colour and these colours are seen to be the original colours of the wild horse. The colour is also called a primitive colour or “viltfarge“. (Protective colour ). The pure dun colours are brown dun, red dun and grey dun but variations such as “uls dun “ and yellow dun are also seen . These five colours are recognized as pure fjord horse colours. Earlier these colours could have different names in different districts, but in 1922 the Department of Agriculture decided on the names that are used today. The Annual General Meeting of NFHL in 1980 agreed that these five colours are all typical fjord horse colours and should be treated equally. Colour variations The brown dun colour (brunblakk ) is dominant, 85-90 % of all fjord horses have this colour which can be of lighter or darker shades.The body colour is pale yellow brown and can vary from cream yellow to almost light brown. The “midtstøl “the middle darker stripe through the mane, carrying on as the dorsal stripe* to the snow -shute* ( all considered as primitive markings ) is black or dark brown. In paler individuals the forelock and “sides“ (of the upright mane ) are white but darker in darker individuals. * Sometimes called eel or list. Fanshaped growth of hairs at the top of the tail Ulsdun (ulsblakk ) is a variation of brown dun because of a factor which reduces the production of pigment ; so called diluted colour. -
EQUINE COAT COLORS and GENETICS by Erika Eckstrom
EQUINE COAT COLORS AND GENETICS By Erika Eckstrom Crème Genetics The cream gene is an incomplete dominant. Horse shows a diluted body color to pinkish-red, yellow-red, yellow or mouse gray. The crème gene works in an additive effect, making a horse carrying two copies of the gene more diluted towards a crème color than a horse with one copy of the gene. Crème genes dilute red coloration more easily than black. No Crème Genes One Crème Gene Two Crème Genes Black Smokey Black Smokey Crème A Black based horse with no "bay" A Black horse that received one copy A Black horse that received one copy gene, and no dilution gene, ranging of the crème dilution gene from one of the crème gene from both of its from "true" black to brown in of its parents, but probably looks no parents, possessing pink skin, blue eyes, and an orange or red cast to the appearance. different than any other black or brown horse. entire hair coat. Bay Buckskin Perlino A Black based horse with the "bay" Agouti gene, which restricts the A Bay horse that received one copy A Bay horse that received one copy of black to the mane, tail and legs of the crème dilution gene from its the crème gene from both of its (also called black "points") and no parents, giving it a diluted hair coat parents, and has pink skin, blue eyes, a ranging in color from pale cream, cream to white colored coat and a dilution gene. gold or dark "smutty" color, and has darker mane and tail (often orange or black "points". -
Features of Coat Color and Markings and Impact of Dun Factor on Vyatka Horse Breed
BIO Web of Conferences 17, 00202 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700202 FIES 2019 Features of coat color and markings and impact of dun factor on Vyatka horse breed Natalia F. Belousova1, Svetlana P. Bass2, Svetlana A. Zinoveva3, Sergei A. Kozlov3,*, and Sergei S. Markin3 1All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (VNIIK), 391105 Divovo Village, Ryazan Region, Russia 2Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, 426069 Izhevsk, Russia 3Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia Abstract. The predominant coat colors in Vyatka horse breed are bay-brown (69.6 %) and mousey (20.8 %). Among the genotyped livestock, three genotypes of the base bay coat color (EE/AA, EE/Aa, Ee/AA) and two genotypes of the base solid blackcock (EE/a/a, Ee/aa) have been detected. The proportion of horses with Cr allele is 2.1 %. In Vyatka horse breed, three isabelline-brown horses (Cr/Cr) have been recorded and the presence of W20n allele was detected. Among the horses genotyped, 35.5 % are DD homozygous, 61.3 % are heterozygous (Dd1, Dd2), 3.2 % have the nd2/nd2 genotype. Allele d2 against the background of D does not always cause the presence of “wild” markings, unlike D/D. The influence of Dun-factor on the depigmentation area has not been detected. 39.9 % of horses have white markings (including 30 % of stallions), which are mainly facial markings (59.8 %), less often they are leg markings (21.6 %) or both facial and leg markings (18, 6 %). 1 Introduction At the same time, the chestnut (red and brown) coat color has become rather rare in the breed. -
Distinguishable Markings Guide Color Chart
Gypsy Horse Registry of America, Inc. Color & Pattern Guide Distinguishable Markings Guide Star Star Star, Strip Blaze Bald Apron & Strip Snip & Snip Front Front Front Front Rear Rear Rear Rear Coronet Fetlock Sock Stocking Coronet Fetlock Sock Stocking Color Chart Light yellow to reddish brown body to dark grey with dorsal Bay Chestnut body color with black mane, tail & points Dun stripe, may have primitive markings on head, withers and legs. Black Black hairs, no brown, red or tan hairs visible. Grey Born any dark color, gradually turning white with age Smokey to mouse grey (not a roan) with darker head with black A very dark brown, almost black coat with lighter brown Brown Grullo mane, tail & points, may have dorsal stripe & primitive markings highlights on muzzle, flanks & inside legs. on head, withers and legs. Buckskin Light tan to golden body with black mane, tail & points Palomino Clear yellow to rich golden coat with white mane and tail Silver Dark steel grey, chocolate to light sepia brown, light to heavy Chestnut Red with red or flaxen mane & tail Dapple dappling with flaxen to white mane, tail & points Color Pattern Guide TOBIANO (toe-bee-ah-no): SABINO (sah-bee-no): SOLID The most common type of white spotting seen This is a common pattern also known as Body is a solid color, black, chestnut, bay, buckskin, on horses. The white areas usually have a flecked roan, roan or Blagdon in Europe. silver dapple, palomino, etc. May have white on face distinct, sharp edge to them. The back is Blue eyes are common, head and legs (star, blaze, snip or strip, etc.) and /or lower legs usually crossed at some point by white. -
DNA Is Our Core Information About Coat Colours in Horses
Information about Coat Colours in horses Within the large number of coat colour factors three genetic features explain the major differences in coat colours. These are the Agouti Factor, the Red Factor (Extension locus) and the Cream Dilution Factor. In the table below, possible combinations are indicated: Genetic Factor Coat Colour Agouti Red Factor, Extension Cream Dilution locus Factor Black a/a E/E or E/e N/N Brown or Bay A/A or A/a E/E or E/e N/N Chestnut A/A, A/a or a/a e/e N/N Smoky black a/a E/E or E/e N/Cr Buckskin A/A or A/a E/E or E/e N/Cr Palomino A/A, A/a or a/a e/e N/Cr Smoky cream a/a E/E or E/e Cr/Cr Perlino A/A or A/a E/E or E/e Cr/Cr Cremello A/A, A/a or a/a e/e Cr/Cr The Agouti Factor encloses the following results: A/A In the hair, the black pigment is point shaped distributed. Basic colour is bay or brown in the absence of other modifying genes. A/a In the hair, the black pigment is point shaped distributed. Basic colour is bay or brown in the absence of other modifying genes. a/a Only recessive allele detected. Black pigment distributed uniformly. Basic colour is black in the absence of other modifying genes. The Red Factor (Chestnut) encloses the following results: e/e Only red factor detected. -
Genetics and Genomics of Mammalian Pigment Patterns
GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF MAMMALIAN PIGMENT PATTERNS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Lewis Zuocheng Hong August 2011 © 2011 by Zuocheng Lewis Hong. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/jx191nt1141 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Gregory Barsh, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Andrew Fire I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kingsley I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Arend Sidow Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. -
Coat Color Testing Application
American Morgan Horse Association, Inc. 4037 Iron Works Parkway, Suite 130, Lexington, KY 40511-8508 COAT COLOR TESTING (802) 985-4944 • Fax: (859) 287-3555 [email protected] APPLICATION www.morganhorse.com COAT COLOR TESTING IS OPTIONAL. If the horse being tested tests positive for a specific coat color gene, that information can be recorded on the horse’s registration certificate (a $25 printing fee applies). Horse’s Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Registration Number: ____________________________________________________________________ AVAILABLE COAT COLOR TESTS FEES (check appropriate box) (See reverse for descriptions) Member Non-Member q Cream Dilution q Gray First Coat Color Test .............................................................................................. $40 o $125 o q Red Factor and Agouti q Splash Each additional Coat Color Test on same horse ................................................ $25 o $110 o RUSH FEE (charge per horse) ............................................................................$100 o $100 o q Sabino 1 q Dun *AMHA membership applications can be found at www.morganhorse.com or by contacting AMHA. q Silver q Dominant White Pattern Reissue certificate with coat color test results .................................................. $25 o $110 o (original certificate must be submitted) q Lethal White Overo I understand that upon receipt of this application and the