Die Vererbung Der Fellfarbe Bei Pferden
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19/07/2018 Page 1 of 9 Genetic Screening Tests Available Symbol
Genetic Screening Tests available Symbol Name Description of variant effects Genetic Disease Testing CA is a neurological disorder that affects the cells in the cerebellum, causing head tremors, ataxia and other effects. Affected horses are more likely to fall and are generally not safe to ride. Symptoms appear from 6 weeks to around 4 months old. CA has been linked to a mutation in the TOE1 Cerebellar CA gene and is a recessive disorder, meaning that a horse must Abiotrophy be homozygous (CA/CA) to be affected. If a horse is a carrier (CA/n), it will not show any clinical signs of CA, but it will pass the variant on to approximately half its offspring. Mating to other carriers should be avoided to prevent the birth of an affected foal. LFS causes neurological dysfunction in foals. The symptoms include seizures, hyperextension of the limbs, neck and back, leg paddling, and inability to stand. As the name suggests, LFS also dilutes to the coat to a pale lavender pink or silver colour. The foal will not improve and will die, so it should be euthanised. LFS is a recessive disorder so two copies of the Lavender Foal defective version of the MYO5A gene must be inherited LFS Syndrome (LFS/LFS) for a foal to be affected. If a horse is a carrier (LFS/n), it will not show any clinical signs of LFS. However, there is a 50% chance it will pass the variant to its offspring, so mating to other carriers should be avoided to prevent the birth of an affected foal. -
Homozygous Tobiano and Homozygous Black Could Be Winners for Your Breeding Program, If You Know How to Play Your Cards
By IRENE STAMATELAKYS Homozygous tobiano and homozygous black could be winners for your breeding program, if you know how to play your cards. L L I T S K C O T S N N A Y S E T R U O C n poker, a pair is not much to brag gets one of the pair from the sire and the in equine color genetics. If your goal about. Two pairs are just a hair bet - other of the pair from the dam.” is a black foal, and you’ve drawn the ter. But in equine color genetics, a Every gene has an address—a spe - Agouti allele, you’re out of luck. pair—or, even better, two—could cific site on a specific chromosome. be one of the best hands you’ll ever We call this address a locus—plural The Agouti effect hold. We’re talking about a sure bet— being loci. Quite often, geneticists use Approximately 20 percent of horses a pair of tobiano or black genes. the locus name to refer to a gene. registered with the APHA are bay. If Any Paint breeder will tell you that When a gene comes in different you also include the colors derived producing a quality foal that will forms, those variations are called alle - from bay—buckskin, dun, bay roan bring in top dollar is a gamble. In this les. For example, there is a tobiano and perlino—almost one-quarter of business, there are no guarantees. But allele and a non-tobiano allele. Either registered Paints carry and express the what if you could reduce some of the one can occur at the tobiano locus, Agouti allele, symbolized by an upper - risk in your breeding program as well but each chromosome can only carry case A. -
The Base Colors: Black and Chestnut the Tail, Called “Foal Fringes.”The Lower Legs Can Be So Pale That It Is Let’S Begin with the Base Colors
Foal Color 4.08 3/20/08 2:18 PM Page 44 he safe arrival of a newborn foal is cause for celebration. months the sun bleaches the foal’s birth coat, altering its appear- After checking to make sure all is well with the mare and ance even more. Other environmental issues, such as type and her new addition, the questions start to fly. What gender quality of feed, also can have a profound effect on color. And as we is it? Which traits did the foal get from each parent? And shall see, some colors do change drastically in appearance with Twhat color is it, anyway? Many times this question is not easily age, such as gray and the roany type of sabino. Finally, when the answered unless the breeder has seen many foals, of many colors, foal shed occurs, the new color coming in often looks dramatical- throughout many foaling seasons. In the landmark 1939 movie, ly dark. Is it any wonder that so many foals are registered an incor- “The Wizard of Oz,” MGM used gelatin to dye the “Horse of a rect—and sometimes genetically impossible—color each year? Different Color,” but Mother Nature does a darn good job of cre- So how do you identify your foal’s color? First, let’s keep some ating the same spectacular special effects on her foals! basic rules of genetics in mind. Two chestnuts will only produce The foal’s color from birth to the foal shed (which generally chestnut; horses of the cream, dun, and silver dilutions must have occurs between three and four months of age) can change due to had at least one parent with that particular dilution themselves; many factors, prompting some breeders to describe their foal as and grays must always have one gray parent. -
EQUINE COAT COLORS and GENETICS by Erika Eckstrom
EQUINE COAT COLORS AND GENETICS By Erika Eckstrom Crème Genetics The cream gene is an incomplete dominant. Horse shows a diluted body color to pinkish-red, yellow-red, yellow or mouse gray. The crème gene works in an additive effect, making a horse carrying two copies of the gene more diluted towards a crème color than a horse with one copy of the gene. Crème genes dilute red coloration more easily than black. No Crème Genes One Crème Gene Two Crème Genes Black Smokey Black Smokey Crème A Black based horse with no "bay" A Black horse that received one copy A Black horse that received one copy gene, and no dilution gene, ranging of the crème dilution gene from one of the crème gene from both of its from "true" black to brown in of its parents, but probably looks no parents, possessing pink skin, blue eyes, and an orange or red cast to the appearance. different than any other black or brown horse. entire hair coat. Bay Buckskin Perlino A Black based horse with the "bay" Agouti gene, which restricts the A Bay horse that received one copy A Bay horse that received one copy of black to the mane, tail and legs of the crème dilution gene from its the crème gene from both of its (also called black "points") and no parents, giving it a diluted hair coat parents, and has pink skin, blue eyes, a ranging in color from pale cream, cream to white colored coat and a dilution gene. gold or dark "smutty" color, and has darker mane and tail (often orange or black "points". -
DNA Is Our Core Information About Coat Colours in Horses
Information about Coat Colours in horses Within the large number of coat colour factors three genetic features explain the major differences in coat colours. These are the Agouti Factor, the Red Factor (Extension locus) and the Cream Dilution Factor. In the table below, possible combinations are indicated: Genetic Factor Coat Colour Agouti Red Factor, Extension Cream Dilution locus Factor Black a/a E/E or E/e N/N Brown or Bay A/A or A/a E/E or E/e N/N Chestnut A/A, A/a or a/a e/e N/N Smoky black a/a E/E or E/e N/Cr Buckskin A/A or A/a E/E or E/e N/Cr Palomino A/A, A/a or a/a e/e N/Cr Smoky cream a/a E/E or E/e Cr/Cr Perlino A/A or A/a E/E or E/e Cr/Cr Cremello A/A, A/a or a/a e/e Cr/Cr The Agouti Factor encloses the following results: A/A In the hair, the black pigment is point shaped distributed. Basic colour is bay or brown in the absence of other modifying genes. A/a In the hair, the black pigment is point shaped distributed. Basic colour is bay or brown in the absence of other modifying genes. a/a Only recessive allele detected. Black pigment distributed uniformly. Basic colour is black in the absence of other modifying genes. The Red Factor (Chestnut) encloses the following results: e/e Only red factor detected. -
Coat Color Testing Application
American Morgan Horse Association, Inc. 4037 Iron Works Parkway, Suite 130, Lexington, KY 40511-8508 COAT COLOR TESTING (802) 985-4944 • Fax: (859) 287-3555 [email protected] APPLICATION www.morganhorse.com COAT COLOR TESTING IS OPTIONAL. If the horse being tested tests positive for a specific coat color gene, that information can be recorded on the horse’s registration certificate (a $25 printing fee applies). Horse’s Name: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Registration Number: ____________________________________________________________________ AVAILABLE COAT COLOR TESTS FEES (check appropriate box) (See reverse for descriptions) Member Non-Member q Cream Dilution q Gray First Coat Color Test .............................................................................................. $40 o $125 o q Red Factor and Agouti q Splash Each additional Coat Color Test on same horse ................................................ $25 o $110 o RUSH FEE (charge per horse) ............................................................................$100 o $100 o q Sabino 1 q Dun *AMHA membership applications can be found at www.morganhorse.com or by contacting AMHA. q Silver q Dominant White Pattern Reissue certificate with coat color test results .................................................. $25 o $110 o (original certificate must be submitted) q Lethal White Overo I understand that upon receipt of this application and the -
Newcolorcharts2020.Pdf
1 Lesli Kathman Blackberry Lane Press First published in 2018 by Blackberry Lane Press 4700 Lone Tree Ct. Charlotte, NC 28269 blackberrylanepress.com © 2020 Blackberry Lane Press, LLC. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Assessing Color and Breed In model horse competitions, the goal is to faithfully recreate the equestrian world in miniature. It is what exhibitors strive to do and what judges consider when evaluating a table of entries. One aspect of that evaluation is whether the color of the model is realistic. In order to assess this, a judge must be able to distinguish between visually similar (but often geneti- cally distinct) colors and patterns and determine whether or not the color depicted on the model is suitable for the breed the entrant has assigned. This task is complicated by the fact that many participants—who are at heart collectors as well as competitors—are attracted to pieces that are unique or unusual. So how does a judge determine which colors are legitimate for a particular breed and which are questionable or outright unrealistic? When it comes to the range of colors within each breed, there are three basic considerations. Breeds are limited by the genes present in the population (what is possible), by any restrictions placed by their registry (what is permissible), and by what is counted as a fault in breed competitions (what is penalized). -
Guide to Coat Colour Registration of CRTWH Horses
CANADIAN REGISTRY OF THE TENNESSEE WALKING HORSE A Guide to Coat Colour Registration of CRTWH Horses http://www.crtwh.ca [email protected] December, 2020 Disclaimer: The information below is based on the best information we have at the time of writing. We have not included horse colours that are not found in our breed. It is intended as a guide for TWH owners who want to be as accurate as possible when registering foals. However, as new genetic information is discovered and more genetic tests become available, there may be changes. For Your Information 1. POINTS include the mane, tail, lower half of legs, tips of ears, and nostril edges. 2. CRÈME dilutes red but has a limited effect on black. It is possible for a horse that appears to be black to produce one of the crème dilutes but only if the black parent carries a hidden crème gene from an ancestor that had it and passed it on. 3. OVERO was used as a collective term for any pattern of white that was NOT tobiano. It is no longer widely used. See Splash and Frame. 4. SABINO is the ‘signature’ white spotting pattern in TWH. There are, however, horses that do not appear obviously sabino that still produce offspring of that pattern. Some sabinos have one or both blue eyes throughout their life. 5. DEPTH & INTENSITY of a horse’s colour is influenced by other genetic factors such as shade, sootiness, mealy (pangare`) and others. Currently there are no genetic tests for these. 6. MANE & TAIL COLOUR is not always governed by the same genetic control as coat colour, especially in red base colours. -
MFTHBA Horse Color Chart
Section 5. Color Guide Some horses have several color patterns evident either visually or in their genetic makeup. Choose the color category which most accurately describes your horse. Look at the bold area of each color description. Your horse must fit that part of the description to be registered as that color. Should you need to further clarify subcategories of the color (when a computer code is not available) please do so in the markings details section. Because of past inaccuracies in color descriptions, prior registration papers do not necessarily reflect the correct color of parents, and the MFTHBA will try to work with members in establishing correctness from this point forward. BA: BAY – Red body with shades varying from light yellow tan to almost black. Must have black points: mane, tail and legs. Black Bay – Body almost black, or brown. Blood Bay – Body dark rich red color. BL: BLACK – Body, head, muzzle, flanks and legs composed of uniform black hairs. BD: BLACK DILUTE - Smoky Black – a black-appearing horse with a dilute parent (palomino, buckskin, cremello, perlino) that has the capability of producing 1) a palomino or buckskin when bred to chestnut, or 2) a cremello/perlino if bred to a palomino, buckskin or smoky black. Color can be verified through genetic testing. BN: BROWN – Body brown or black with light areas at muzzle, eyes, flank, inside upper legs; black mane and tail. BK: BUCKSKIN – Non-linebacked dilute color with yellow body. Must have black or dark brown points: mane, tail and legs. CP: CHAMPAGNE – A group of muted colors with underlying skin of pink or pale tan that may develop dark freckling on the genetalia and muzzle at maturity. -
Champagne Delusion
Champagne Delusion: Champagne Look-Alike Dilutions Carolyn Shepard Here at ICHR, we find ourselves in some interesting situations involving unusual horse colors. Until we can remove the perception from people’s minds that champagne is a “default” horse color (if we can’t figure out the color - it must be champagne), and replace that perception with the idea that champagne is a specific color GENE, and not just a set of symptoms (why, my horse shows every characteristic of a champagne, so it must be one!), we’ll keep getting stuck in this uncomfortable rut of trying to explain why a certain horse is NOT champagne. The main point of this article will be that a horse does NOT have every characteristic of a champagne-colored horse – if it does not have a champagne-colored parent. Cream Dilutes: The Bane of Our Existence It’s an unfortunate fact that a seemingly large proportion of palomino foals are born with pink skin and blue eyes. This is the most common condition that is mistaken for champagne. While it is true that “most” gold champagne foals are born a shade of red, and “most” palomino foals are born a shade of cream, peach or yellow, it is not unheard of for gold champagne foals to be born yellow, and palomino foals to be born red. So the overlap between them is considerable, and a person would be hard-pressed to tell which was which - unless they had parents to look at. In the case of mixed parentage - where there is both cream and champagne in the background - only time and cream gene testing will tell. -
Everything I Know About Champagne Colored Horses
Just About Everything You Need to Know About Champagne Colored Horses Carolyn Shepard A Brief History The champagne dilution appears to be a recent phenomenon. While we have seen pale skinned horses in centuries old paintings that “look” champagne, it is more likely they were double cream dilutes or cream-pearls. The champagne gene appears to be American, as we have not yet seen the color in the current Spanish or European breeds, the ancient breeds, such as Icelandic horses and Shetland ponies, or in any of the breeds of South America, Russia, India, China, or Arabia. So far, the champagne gene has only been isolated in breeds of American origin. These include the American Quarter Horse, American Paint Horse, American Appaloosa, American Saddlebred, American Cream Draft, Tennessee Walking Horse, Missouri Fox Trotter, Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse, American Miniature Horse, and crosses from these breeds. One only needs to review the names of these breeds to realize the gene has its foothold in North America. The champagne gene seems to have originated in full sized horses. We have no evidence to suggest the gene exists in any of the purebred pony breeds. The gene has been introduced into the Miniature Horse through down-sizing, and there are quite a few representatives in that breed. The first known and photographed champagne colored horse was Golden Lady, a Tennessee Walking Horse mare born in Tennessee in approximately 1910. Old Granny, an American Cream Draft horse was born in 1913, but there are no known photographs. The first photographed champagne American Saddlebred, Jonquil, was born in 1920. -
Horse Coat Color Genetics and Identification
Horse Coat Color Genetics and Identification By Jesse Azevedo Last edited: 3/05/12 Basics • Base colors: Black, Bay, Chestnut • Extension (E) - whether or not true black pigment (eumelanin) can be formed in the hair • Agouti (A) - controls the restriction of eumelanin in the coat – usually points • Gower’s Hypothesis: Agouti locus also affects chestnut shade – Multiple Alleles: A+ dominant over all, Aᵃ recessive to all • A+/-- Light Chestnut • Aᴬ/-- Red Chestnut – Aᴬ/Aᴬ being reddest • Aᵗ/-- Standard Chestnut • Aᵃ/Aᵃ – Liver Chestnut • Grey (G) – dominant. horse born non-grey but whitens to grey or fleabitten grey with age. Dilutions • Dun (D) - controls the saturation or intensity of pigment in the coat, is simple dominant, affects eumelanin and pheomelanin (red/yellow pigment) equally, does not affect eyes or skin. • Cream (Cr) - incomplete dominant allele - distinct dosage effect – 1= it dilutes "red" pigment to yellow or gold(stronger effect on the mane and tail), but not black. Minimal impact on eye color. – 2= both red and black pigments affected , will be blue-eyed red hairs = cream black hairs = reddish • Champagne (Ch) - simple dominant. – Distinctive traits: hazel eyes and pinkish, freckled skin – Red hair = gold, black = chocolate. (chestnut = gold champagne, bay = amber champagne, seal brown = sable champagne, black = classic) • Silver (Z) - dominant, dilutes eumelanin – mane/tail = flaxen, – body = chocolate (bays retain red color since no eumelanin) – Often associated with eye defects • Pearl (Barlink Factor) (Prl) – dilution, recessive. – Pale skin, blue/green eyes – Uniform apricot color White markings • Tobiano (TO) – dominant – pinto patterning. • White usually rounded with vertical orientation. • White extends across back, face/tail usually dark • Frame Overo (O, Fr, or FrO) – dominant.