Andrew Melville and Humanism in Renaissance Scotland 1545–1622 Studies in the History of Christian Traditions

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Andrew Melville and Humanism in Renaissance Scotland 1545–1622 Studies in the History of Christian Traditions Andrew Melville and Humanism in Renaissance Scotland 1545–1622 Studies in the History of Christian Traditions General Editor Robert J. Bast Knoxville, Tennessee In cooperation with Henry Chadwick, Cambridge Paul C.H. Lim, Nashville, Tennessee Eric Saak, Liverpool Brian Tierney, Ithaca, New York Arjo Vanderjagt, Groningen John Van Engen, Notre Dame, Indiana Founding Editor Heiko A. Oberman† VOLUME 154 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/shct. Andrew Melville and Humanism in Renaissance Scotland 1545–1622 By Ernest R. Holloway III LEIDEN • BOSTON LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Cover illustration: ‘John Slezer. St Andrews – ‘The Prospect of the Town of St Andrews’ in Theatrum Scotiae. 1693. [NLS shelfmark EMS.b.5.1] Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Holloway III, Ernest R. Andrew Melville and humanism in Renaissance Scotland, 1545-1622 / by Ernest R. Holloway III. p. cm. -- (Studies in the history of Christian traditions, ISSN 1573-5664 ; v. 154) Based on the author’s thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Aberdeen, 2009, issued under the title: Andrew Melville and humanism in the reign of James VI. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-90-04-20539-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Melville, Andrew, 1545-1622. 2. Humanism--Scotland--History. I. Title. BX9225.M4H65 2011 285.092--dc22 2011011258 ISSN 1573-5664 ISBN 978 90 04 20539 0 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� vii A Melville Chronology ���������������������������������������������������������������������� ix Abbreviations �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xi I. Andrew Melville and the Melville Legend ������������������������������ 1 1. The Melville Legend �������������������������������������������������������������� 1 2. The Development of the Legend ����������������������������������������� 7 3. Demythologizing the Legend ���������������������������������������������� 13 4. Knox and Melville ����������������������������������������������������������������� 18 5. Buchanan and Melville ��������������������������������������������������������� 22 6. Melville and Humanism ������������������������������������������������������� 27 II. The Formative Years (1545–1563/4) ���������������������������������������� 35 1. The Narrative History ����������������������������������������������������������� 35 2. Childhood and Family ���������������������������������������������������������� 37 3. Early Education ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 4. The University of St Andrews ���������������������������������������������� 53 5. Conclusion ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 58 III. France: Paris and Poitiers (1563/4–1569) �������������������������������� 61 1. The Collège Royal and University of Paris ������������������������� 61 2. Petrus Ramus ������������������������������������������������������������������������� 74 3. George Buchanan ������������������������������������������������������������������ 82 4. Poitiers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 91 5. Conclusion ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 98 IV. Switzerland: Geneva (1569–1574) �������������������������������������������� 101 1. The Academy of Geneva ������������������������������������������������������� 101 2. Melville’s Genevan Circle ����������������������������������������������������� 112 3. Joseph Justus Scaliger ����������������������������������������������������������� 131 4. Theodore Beza ����������������������������������������������������������������������� 136 5. Melville’s Departure �������������������������������������������������������������� 146 6. Conclusion ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148 vi contents V. Scotland: Glasgow (1574–1580) �������������������������������������������� 151 1. Melville as Private Tutor ���������������������������������������������������� 151 2. The University of Glasgow ������������������������������������������������ 155 3. A Humanist in Service to the Kirk ����������������������������������� 166 4. Fellow Humanists and Advocates of Reform ����������������� 170 5. 1577 Nova Erectio ��������������������������������������������������������������� 179 6. Relocation to St Andrews �������������������������������������������������� 185 7. Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 187 VI. Scotland: St Andrews (1580–1607) ��������������������������������������� 191 1. The University of St Andrews ������������������������������������������� 191 2. The Controversy Over Aristotle ��������������������������������������� 197 3. The Ecclesiastical Statesman ��������������������������������������������� 205 4. Exile in England: London, Oxford, and Cambridge ������ 210 5. The Visit of Du Bartas ........................................................ 220 6. Melville’s Literary Circle ���������������������������������������������������� 223 7. Melville’s Poetry ������������������������������������������������������������������ 232 8. Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 246 VII. England and France: London and Sedan (1607–1622) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 251 1. Prelude to Conflict ������������������������������������������������������������� 251 2. James VI and the Tower of London ��������������������������������� 260 3. The Melvini Epistolae ��������������������������������������������������������� 268 4. The University of Sedan ���������������������������������������������������� 277 5. Arthur Johnston ����������������������������������������������������������������� 283 6. Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 287 VIII. Andrew Melville and the Renaissance in Scotland �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 1. Melville the Humanist ������������������������������������������������������� 291 2. Melville the University Reformer. ������������������������������������ 306 3. Melville the Ecclesiastical Statesman ������������������������������� 315 4. Melville the Man ����������������������������������������������������������������� 329 5. Conclusion �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 336 Selected Bibliography ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 337 Index of Melville’s Selected Works ��������������������������������������������������� 359 General Index ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 361 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study is based on my PhD thesis “Andrew Melville and Humanism in the Reign of James VI” originally submitted to the University of Aberdeen in 2009 and supervised by Nicholas J. Thompson in the School of Divinity, History and Philosophy. During my time in Old Aberdeen, I enjoyed interaction with a number scholars who contributed to the development of my own thought on Melville, humanism, and the north- ern European Renaissance but none were more helpful than my advisor who generously gave of his time and skillfully assisted me in my investi- gations. For this and his enduring friendship I remain in his debt. Complementing the work of my supervisor, I would also like to thank those who conducted my viva at King’s College, Mark Elliot of the University of St Andrews and Marie-Luise Ehrenschwendtner of the University of Aberdeen. I am most grateful for their careful perusal of the thesis and their insightful and probing questions. Those hours of examination were a sheer delight stimulating my own thought and opening up new avenues of inquiry. Another scholar who is owed special thanks for his indirect contri- bution to this work and his direct contribution to my development as an historian of early modern Europe is my former American doc- toral thesis advisor Carl Trueman. It was during his doctoral seminar on the English Reformation that the seeds of my subsequent Aberdeen research were sown. As an alumnus of and former Senior Lecturer at the University of Aberdeen, his friendship helped make the transition from Philadelphia to Old Aberdeen relatively seamless. I would especially like to thank the members of staff of the Special Collections at King’s College, the University of Aberdeen who graciously provided invaluable assistance in the research process. Particular recog- nition should be given to Mrs.
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