F'ROM WASCA¡{A PARK TO THB CITY CEI{TRE : THE URBAN LINK a proposal for a series of peclestrian con'iclors which connect an urban parkland to the

central busine.ss district in the City of Regina, Saskatchewan.

by Hin Tat Lam

A Practicum submittecl in Patial Fulfillment

of the Reqr-rirements for the Degree N4aster of L¿ndscape Architecture

Depaltment of Landscape Architecture

University of Manitoba

Winnipeg. Canada

1992 N,flonarLibrav Bibliothèque nationale ffi*$f du Canada

Acquisitions and Direction des acquisitions et Bibliographic Services Branch des services bibliograPhiques

395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa (Ontario) K1A ON4 K1A ON4 Your lile Voue tètércnce

Our l¡le No!rc rélétence

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Canadä F'ITOM WASCA.NA PARK TO TIIE CTTY CENTR.E

SASK.ATCHEWAN

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THE IJRBAN LINK FROM I^IASCANA PARK TO THE CITY GENTRE:

THE URBAN LINK

BY

HIN TAT LAI4

A practicun submitted to the Faculfy of G¡aduate Studies of the Universify of Ma¡titoba in partial fulfillment of the reguirenenb of the degree of

MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCI{ITECTURE

(c) L992

Psstission has been granted to the LIBRâRY OF TItr UNÍ\ÆRSITY OF I,fA'I\TTOBA to lend this or sell copies of this fracticum, to the NATIONAI LIBRÄRY OF CA.IrI.{DA to miaofilm pracicun a¡rd to lená or sell copies of the film, and IJNTÍÆRSITY il'ÍICROEILMS to publish a¡t abstract of this practictr-ut.

The autftor teseryes other publication ,ifihe, and neither the practicum nor exte¡rsÍve extracts Êom it may be p;ot"a or othe¡wise reproduced wíthout the auiho/s written perzrission ABSTRACT

Streetscapes and urbdn open spaces are some of the key elemens in today's design and planning of the urban environment. These elements can make important contributions to the quality of the built environment and for the enjoyment and preservation of the designed landscape.

This practicum proposes to develop appropriate streetscapes that would connect

Wascana Park and the Central Business District of the City of Regina, and at the same time to revitalize and to strengthen the identity of the Transitional Area neighborhood.

The goal of this Urban Pedestrian Link is to provide a more balanced man-made and

natural environment in an urban setting, hence reviving a design principle put forward

in 1914 by Thomas H. Mawson. In order to achieve this goal, a se¡ies of transitional

focal poinrs are created within the study area to enhance the proposed pedestrian routes

through the site. -TÌ;ese woulcl enhance the existing focal points (destinations) in both

the Wascana Park precinct and the Centl al Business District. An imponant outcome of

this study is the contemporary reinterpretation of the original Mawson masterplan proposed for the development of the City of Regina tn I9I4. This is achieved through

careful study of the existin-e urban fabric and land use pattem and correlating the

findings to the historic master plan. From this analysis, concepts are generated which

are consistent with the basic plinciples used by Mawson. ACKNO\ryLEDGEN{ENTS

I would like to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Ron Pitchko and the City of Regina

Urban Planning Depafimentfor providing valuableresource material for this study. As well,I would like to give special thanks to Mr. Manley LaFoy, a Regina architect, Mr.

Bill Henderson, and Mr. Roger Green of the City of Regina Cenral Services

Department, for thei¡ interest in my work and for providing valuable information.

I would also like to express my sincere thanks to nry advisors within the Department of

Landscape Architecture at the University of Manitoba - Professor Ca¡l R. Nelson Jr.

(committee chair), Professor Tecl Mclachlan, and Professo¡ Alexander E. Rattray, for their perceptive and eonsû uctive criticism.

I would also like to thank Professor John Denehy of the University of Toronto's

Scliool of Architecture and Landscape Architecture for allowing me the use of their con'ìputer facilities f'or the completion of this report.

Thanks, as well, to all my special fiieuds in the Department who made my education in

Canada more of a discovery of friendship than just an ambition.

Finally, I wish to tirank my family for their continued supporl and encouragement through nly years of education.

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract i Acknowledgements ii Listof illusEations iv

1.0 Introduction L 1.1 History 1 1.2 Study Area 4 I.2.I Urban Framework 4 1.2.2 Urban Qualiry 6 1.3 Problem Statement 10 1.4 Focus of the Practicum 11

2.0 Methodology 15

3.0 Site Analysis 18

4.0 fssues, Opportunities, and Objectives t1 4.1 Building and Streetscapes 23 4.2 Urban Open'Space 24 4.3 Circulatic,n ancl Parking 26 4.4 Neighborhood Public ancl Private Envi¡onment 28

5.0 Conceptual Study: 29 5.1 General Concept Statement 29 5.2 Design Concepts JJ 5.2.1 Axial Connections 34 5.2.2 Historical Revitalization 45 5.2.3 Neighborhôod Parks 50 5.3 Pecìestrian Street System 59 5.4 The Transitional Area Boarder 65

6.0 Conclusio¡rs 66 6.1 Further Studies ,68

Appendix Bibliography

1u [,Íst Of Illustrations Fig. I WascanaLakeandLegislativeBuilding. Fig.2 Regina's City Plan, prepared by T. H. Mawson. Fig. 3 Plan of Existing Physical Condition of the

Transitional Area and the North and South Context. 5

Fig. 4 Location of Study Site. 7

Fig. 5 Example of Historic HomesÆuildings. 8

Fig. 6 Heritage Quality of the Neighborhood. 13 Fig. 7 The Connection Between Wascana Park and

the Cenüal Business District. t4

Fig.8 DesignMethodology. L7 Fig.9 Figule-GloundRelationship. I9

Fig. 10 Physical Land Use Pattern 20

Fig. 1 1 Physical Site Analysis 22 Fig. 12 ConceptMasterplan.. 32

Fig. 13 Central Axìs - Cornwall Street 35 Fig. 14 Cornwall Stleet- Concept 39 Fig. i5 Government Axis - Smith street 4T Fig. 16 Smith St'eet Axis - Concept 44 Fig. 17 HistoricalBlock 46

Fig. 18 2200 Block - concept 49

Fig. i9 CentralCollegiatePark 51

Fig. 20 Central Colle-eiate and Grounds - concept 54

Fig. 21 St¡atl'rcona School Block 56

Fí9.22 Strathcona School Grourrds - concept 58

lv Fig.23 Bus Stop and On-Street Parking 60 Fig. 24 Alternative Parking LotDesign 61

Fig.25 Signage and Lighting 62

Fig.26 Sidewalks and Nodes 63

Fig.27 Cross Section Showing Pedestrian Environment. 64

Fig. 28 Cross Section of a Typical St¡eet in the Neighborhood

Showing tlle Pedestrian Environment. $-t of= f----]8 ogoor@ r nF a) fã ffilJof= DII ftttr =Sffi n,ï"onU r{-J ,Ftl Fftn nftrl-l E¡qm trry n r---r .grry"Æ ln l--ï at ",'îinfl 0 P" [-]r\r\ E u I ü [nö' 0ú tE t-:t Eru oioFp.o ge [o,n#æ nnr] Ëlitlr d qr:I[]dÌ t ú lil [rl-Bn'u Bt--$ l-J U tr F¡< t__---lrT-H-l U f]{- Dttr lr r Ë'Æ rofrnl-lü D#,Ë, H,J='ffiR:gåH o H !f1! ¡ tlr ¡![ ¡ÊtroF g gm Ftr BLqg F D nt ür m! !t r::h t'neg"* lücåil qE[ É t-E ! ffi Ç Tlr il Er-F-flCa - " W To"q.q] Fil"olooum g DuF rJttr N ÛN UùTJ ffi ffiËir ffi"dffi¡fr ffiffir E !! L"S IE ! üt"ffiflffi*#ffifr? çrE F tr EEsn Ë { r %'FSl[ $Em o"wqnofß ufl "flno D [il n -JÐ-o &cúo nuqlÈ qU x..0 ]]NTI]RC]DUCTJION

T"X. HTSTORY

Regina is the capital city of tlie prairie province of Saskatchewan. In August 23, 1883,

the Canadian Pacific Railway reached tlie location of Saskatchewan's future capital and

was christened "the Queen City of the Plains". At that time, this region was literally a

flat, prairie grassland. This condition remained until after the Legislative Building was

built ín i909 when Frederick G. Todd, a landscape architect f¡om Montreal, advocated

the placement of native sown grass and to "clothe the ba¡e terrain" with irreguiar

planting of uees and shrubs (Fig. i).

Fig. 1 Wascana Lake and Legislative Building, Octobe¡ 1912. (Photo, courresy of the

S askatchewan Archives B oard)

TÏTEURBA}ILINK This was a major undertaking because there were no indigenous trees available in this

region at that time. Most of the seedlings were from other prairie regions like

Manitoba and North Dakota, and more than 100,000 trees and shrubs were acquired

from commercial nurseries as far away as France and Germany. Seeds and plants

were solicited from the botanical division of the federal government, from the

American Bureau of foreign plant inEoductions, and from collectors in countries - for

example Siberia, Russia, and Korea - known to have severe continental climates.

In 1912, Thomas Mawson was commissioned to layout the grounds of the Legislative

Building and the adjacent parkland, now called Vy'ascana Park (Fig. 2), to select a site

for a government house and to design the setting, and to device a scheme for the civic

improvement of Regina. The Regina commission enabled Mawson to practice two

principles that guided much of his work: that gardens should complement the buildings

they embellish, and that public gardens and parks should be integrated with their

surroundings.

In his report to the Regina city council, Mawson devoted the final, and what he

described as "the most important" chapter, to the park system. He described it as a

unifyingchain designed to convert the city into an artistic whole by binding all parks.

He envisaged th¡ee connected zones of parkland: a protective belt of woodland around the city; a parkway of woodland and landscaped gardens running the length of

Wascana Lake and Creek; and a connecting tissue of small parks and bouleva¡ds within

the city. Mawson's objective was to convert Regina into a "Garden City" from which

the reproach "treelessness" would be removed forever.

THE URBAN LINK Fig.2 Regina's city plan, prepared by Thomas H. Mawson, circ 1914.

T}IE URBAN LINK 1"2 THE STUÐY AREA

1.2.1, Urban Framework

The study area is bounded by Victoria Avenue on the north, College Avenue on the

south, with Broad Street and Albert Street esøblishing the east and west boundaries.

The a¡ea is made up of 32 blocks laid out in a typical grid-iron pattern. This study area

is known by the City of Regina as the "Transitional Area".

A typical urban block in the "Transitional A¡ea" is 500ft. (152.4m) by 270ft. (82.3m)

with a 20ft. (6.1m) lane running through it. The steets which bound this study area

have a 100ft. (30.5m) right-of-way, while the interior street rights-of-way are 66fr

(20.1m) wide (measurements take from easement to easement). Most lots face the

north-south streets but, at Victoria and College Avenues, the lots are turned to face

them. These lots are slightly deeper than the regular lots facing the Streets. (130ft.

(39.6m) and125ft. (38.lm) respectively (Fig. 3).

THE URBAN LINK VIA TRAIN STATION RECINA CARTACE arì drivcma tr E ffibl Eil

! ffiEH ffiil

victoria avenue æ

n 3th. avenue

4th. avenue

Sth. avenue ffiffiffiffi EEffi lege avenue

IIlr !lr ttç Wascana Lake Tf L] LEGISLATURE BUILDING

Fig. 3 Plan of existing physical condition of the Transitional Area and the norrh and southcontexl

T}IE URBANLINK 1,.2.2 Urban Oualitv

There are two major north-south vehicular arteries that connect the downtown precinct

to Vy'ascana Park; Broad Street on the east, and Albert Sreet on the west. Between

these two arteries is the Transitional Area, part of the original City of Regina which was

planned around remains from the original C.P.R. townsite layour in 1882 (Fig. a).

This Transitional Area is a potential heriøge district within the city. The Central

BusinessDistrictgraduallydevelopedsouth from the tacks towa¡ds Victoria Avenue.

The area south of that developed between the turn of the century and immediately

following the first World War. It was primarily the upper and middle-income

neighborhood. With the completion of the Wascana Bridge and the opening of the

Lakeviewneighborhoodin the boom and growth period prior to the depression in the

30's, there was a shift of upper income homes farther southward, but many of the fine

older homes on College Avenue and throughout the a¡ea remained.

The Transitional Area was Regina's first upper income residential neighborhood.

Some of the houses and apartrnents which remain from the early era of construction

show significant heritage merit (Fig. 5). Such merit is based on a range of criteria

which include the architecture of the structure, history of the building, and the persons

associated with the building, as well as the contribution to the local environment that the

building may have made as one element of a streetscape.

Thepresentlandscape conditions indicate that Mawson's principles were implemented

in a limited area of the city : the portion south of the Central Business District,

focusing on Wascana Cenfre and the University of Regina proper.

TTIE URBANLINK 6 VIA Train Station

CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT t

Victoria Avenue

HOSPITAL CATHEDRAL AREA AREA cÉ Èl o (t S]NUDY SME À) rD p- Þ{ (n (t) oÞt oH o lD TRANSMIONAL AREA

College Avenue TINIVERSITY OF REGINA

WASCANA PARK

LAKEVIEW AREA

Fig. 4 Locarion of Study Site.

THE URBAN LINK 2ZO5 ??o7 ÞÊLnoAT AY[S.

4æ AßÊy1E coutr

flEK¡TAGE COIISEKUÑIOA PIsIKJCT fp[: f]i¡tt¡stn0/+ L AKf^ COnflUÁrry 3ff;EII ,te C'lff "l KECI^IA 61 2 ?1.u. l-^Íol ^'Ã,chllf¿tÈJ

Fig. 5 Examples of Historic Homes/Buildings.

TFIE LIRBANLINK There are still some existing avenues of trees which were a part of the initial development of the neighborhood in some sections of the Transitional Area, like

Cornwall Steet and Smith Street. But, at the time of this study, most of this setting

has disappeared, due to the deterioration of the older trees and the lack of replacement

of newer trees.

To the north of Victoria Avenue, Victoria Pa¡k was developed in accord with the

Mawson masterplan Gtg. 2). But there in now no strong link between the two existing

park systems (Wascana and Victoria Parks) because the connection between them has

been weakened by the deterioration of the Transitional Area neighborhood. What was

once a wealthy single family neighborhood has been left untended, and is now evolving

into a commercial-retail-multi family area due to the expansion of the downtown

Cental Business District towards the south. This evolution must now be controlled

and designed so as to prevent the neighborhood from fragmentation, eventually loosing

its unique historic identity.

T}IEURBANLINK 9 1.3 Froblem Statement

The influence of Mawson's philosophy and masteqplan is rapidly diminishing. It has

been gradually taken over by insensitive urban developments and the encroachment of

the "devastating concrete jungle" of urban development, including the ever-present

parking lot. The process of removing trees to make room for growth and development

and the loss of mature trees through disease may eventually, through neglect, eradicate

Mawson's "Garden City" concept. This "depreciation" is presently occurring in the

Transitional Alea, in the downtown Central Business District area, and in the other

neighborhoods outside the jurisdiction of the wascana cenhe Authority

As a result of the above process, ttre identity of the Transitional Area is slowly being

weakened with the loss of the characteristic avenues of trees along each of the streets

which was typical of the streetscape style of the period when this neighborhood was

conceived.

The goal of this study is to propose a revitalization strategy to improve the quality and

image of the Transitional Area so as to contribute to the restoration and enhancement of

the vitality of this neighbourhood from its current deteriorating state. This can be

achieved through the concepts and guidelines proposed in this study.

TIIEURBANLINK 10 1.4 Focus of the Practicum

Numerous documentations and studies have been performed on the Transitional A¡ea

of the City of Regina. They all addressed the issues pertaining to the efficiency of use

and future revitalization of the area. The important landscape issues discussed

included; vehicular circulation, parking, pedestrian circulation, streetscaping, future uses

of vacant lots, and revitalization of the existing fabric.

This practicum does not propose planning and zoning changes, nor any large scale

alterations to the existing fabric. These planning concepts have al¡eady been discussed

in the publications listed in the Bibliography.

Specifically, the ideas discussed in these reports focus on the following topics:

1. addressing the need for improvement to Victoria Park

in terms of aesthetics, safety, comfort, and general maintenance and/or

replacement of deteriorated plant material.

2. documenting both the existing land use and physiological

characteristics of the Transitional Area.

3. the Wascana Park masterplan reports dealt with the planning

principles of Thomas Mawson, and reinterpreted them to

contemporary standards. This precinct acts as a destination point to the

south of the Transitional Alea, accommodating the University of Regina

campus, the Wascana Centre Authority and the Museum.

4. the Bicycle Transport and Pedestrian Downtown circulation

concept study explored the feasibility and general site plan of a series

proposed bicycle routes through the City of Regina.

THE URBAN LINK 1l This study addresses the landscape issues and planning concepts discussed in these

reports and attempts to give form to them, providing a th¡ee dimensional visualization

of the underlying ideas. It also acknowledges the heritage value of the existing housing

stock and theperiod landscapes where applicable (Fig. 6). Finally, suggestions are put

forward to address the.issue of revitalization of the existing housing.

The purpose of this practicum is to strengthen the visual connection between the

downtown Central Business District and V/ascana Park using a contemporary

interpretation of Thomas Mawson's Plan. One of Mawson's ideas dealt with axial

connections from one destination or important element to another. He proposed these

axes be enhanced with avenues of trees to establish visual and physical connections.

Another strong ideology to be expressed here is the "string of parks" by which

Mawson was attempting to weave the natural landscape into the urban. fabric. This

conceptcanbe achieved through the treatment of sfreetscapes to connect one parkland

to another. It is proposed the connection of the two areas occur in the Transitional Area (Fig.7).

The objectives of this practicum are to strengthen the identity and to unify the

neighborhood. The process is intended to provide an enhanced parklike setting through

the Transitional A¡ea neighborhood. The pedesnian routes are established through the

analysis of the existing land use patterns and the visual characteristics and composition

of the urban fabric, as illustrated in the Appendix. From this analysis, a set of goals

and objectives are outlined in Chapter 4, which serve as the basis for the conceptual

studies outlined in Chapter 5. The principal focus is to design a series of suitable

pedestrian connections between the Central Business Disrict and Wascana Cenfte

THE URBAN LINK T2 which are appropriate for this urban setting, as established from the site analysis in

Chapter 3. It is recognized that these connections nÌust be sensitive to the existing

neighborhood, thus ensuring that additional vehicular through traffic is not int¡oduced

to the a¡ea.

.%@RÞ*.. #h*.ti*"¡.--."' .).r s¿4 .. *'{ÈÉiË;. ...' Bø6¡ r @^ J-l Kr h wúAÀ,;ê f .* ,e"rúd 4-'*f' -.w Fb-

+:---**È:---+

THE I,I. H. DUNCAN RESIDTNCE , 2A74 CORNI.JALL STRËTT. C. Ig?i. ( Photo Credi t: The Saskatchewan Anchi ves Boðnd )

Fig.6 Heritage quality of the neighborhood.

TI{E L]RBANLINK t3 e a m mm m !E T

! ! I wascana Park r I ä\ CJ\[\ ! fure building

Fig. 7 The potential connection between Wascana Park and the Central Business District.

THE URBAN LINK L4 L{ o E¡ oD f-----lA DorE¡@ r CF rñ mÊJnL----Li 0I[ DrItr dsqüffiid ndffinlI c.)I' "F[]Hta Dftrn ,E¡qro Xq n trg¡rr$ú_n"Æ En l--T fï\r\ rt! l--l LË cq [aff 'J ;,ffiefr 0 P. î"oop"F.o fn-l EqJ Sq [oF#t]B l-l[E-l 6 r-\__-f---Ft l}l]-BËn Ël- e-l g útil Hff,ä Lil t_l r:rtr F.ù-{ l=-r rT-trnH U F{- DilT lr rËffi TNNE fì--H "9 T*l r-rr"ftff" noç3ß fJil1-il ¿J}--_.l o" ldo aå I trÐ ñ"o'afË H nf}!! n! ¡!l f1Ëtr-03 ! ßm ptr SL':g D D rul (Jo æü rt =b[','¡*fin** rür:åil f-t[ [ mÇ Ena'¡l w xôg.ql ßd"T.oqgg ostFry _3 LJM n fln rÅE ffir ffil# h"Æffinffi frËtrñb Ê trtrr q_",ryE"ru lPe o,oql m.çgP il !! btfi !E rü fl"c:! ffi äu,i,öñË tæU.þ' çrn [:flrn o m"Pqnog Ftr"Dn= Dfilc: Ëtrrq %TS"0[ S.=qil sfl -JrÐ &cr= nn¡c n {"m 2.@ NÆ]ÐTI]HIO]DOTOGY

INFORMATION GATHERING

The design process was initiated by choosing a topic that allowed a serious

investigation into for future applications to the landscape architecture profession.

After travelling through numerous cities in Canada; Toronto, Edmonton, Ottawa,

V/innipeg, Windsor, Saskatoon, and Regina, a specific site was chosen which was both

familiar and convenient for the designer. This decision was also influenced by the

availability of information and professional correspondence.

The next step included information gathering and meetings with the local city planner

and architect, followed by the compilation of base reading material about the site and

material which dealt with theories of urban design and urban open spaces. The

meetings with the a¡chitect and planner were to establish a direct tie with the major

sources of information, and to become involved with the local designers who were

interested in the project. Graphic material pertaining to the site was gathered; including

base maps, air photographs and sfreet elevation studies.

SYNTHESIS

This stage of work involved a review of pertinent publications to determine the goals

and objectives, purpose, and problems to be addressed, and opportunities and

constraints associated with the site; basically a summary of the available compiled

information. Work on the site analysis compoñent of the project was then undertaken.

The use of the Macintosh computer system was adopted as a tool to encode and

analyse the acquired data, to develop the proposal from its conceptual to final design

THE URBAN LINK 15 stage, and to prepare the final copy. The specific progrÍìms used for this process were,

Thunderscan, MacDraft, Minicad, Spaceedit, and Write Now.

INPI.-N AND ANALYSIS

The initial step was to encode the base map into the computer system, as the basis for

the site analysis; land use patterns, figure-ground study of the urban fabric, hierarchy of

theexisting street system, vehicular and pedestrian use, and user profile. The growth pattern of the site was also analysed using the map of the genealogical growth of

Reginaprovided by the Planning Department. This analysis also involved overlaying

the Mawson plan and the plan of the existing situation, to determine how closely the

historical masterplan had been followed.

PROGRAM

The information gathered was synthesized and a suitable program was then derived for

the development and generation of the final design. An appropriate link from

downtown to Wascana Park was determined, and the specific boundaries of the area

were defined. The relationship of the sur¡ounding context was also examined, in terms

of its connections and edges to the study site.

DESIGN

The design stage began with the development of a suitable concept for the site and the

pedestrian link(s) to downtown and Vy'ascana Park. This add¡essed the purpose

defined from the synthesized information through urban design and sEeetscape

proposals. The specific steps and processes are outlined in the design methodology

chart on the next page @ig. 8).

TFIE URBANLINK t6 FI h¡ ct'rj Ìl F oe DESIGN METHODOLOGY tú oo z U r{ o 2 v, X oc 7 o¡.1 o oÞ- o oq

D¡h Collæriø rnd Sitr lôvcntory

\¡

STUDY PROCESS RESOURCE PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ANALYSTS/ DESIGN INVENTORY DEFINMION SYNTTIESTS RECOMMENDATION I-{ o l----'l 90 rl l-----lÕ ooo¡t¡@ s cF AJ L----n-l ffiun üI[ mtr -s'üååffi ¡o''iËU -l-J trl--lÊ g¿qm ogErsúJ"Æ "FTI [iltu n Iry n r-J P.. ln t--l l--H1,f1 ELI Iü cq [nff ilfuT o o"ooF"Ð*o H! 6 f-\..f,-l.-lfn-l Eru [oF$ç+ l--lnr] El- \---l_l rr{-fr0rifl -l rl Ft H ú|il B:; Li u tr F¡-{ l=--l H U ffiE lr ! Ë'Æ filnE il-H "f Ril r-_r["Ðffo n"oÇ""F frn-l--lü ¿Jl-._l o'ldo æoå E BÐ ñ"c,'noü H nf]!! nr D![ nËtrog g gu FI] Btqg D D TTf oû '! d nh["6"* ¡üaål q![ o"ûg.wl fÏ[ mÇ Ettr-r- - m ril.o3.Dqgg nFffi - Llttr ! û! rËE tuï[ ffinffi uænn,t #ffi-d Ttrr E !l btfi !r I üt"e*Hå'$-#ffiH? t ÞrTS"0[ trEF'Dn= tr b[rn Ë _o Ð $E=qt e""Fqoop ufl tr[ilc: =JrD &cû= lu¡qlE E'r- 3"0 S]ITI]Ð ADSAIYSIS

The site analysis was accomplished through the examination of aerial photographs,

topographical surveys, land use plans, and actual field observation (for graphical

reference, see Appendix). The figure-ground sheet (Fig. 9) revealed that the fine

grained small scale housing stock was slowly being replaced by larger colporate,

government, and multi-family apartment buildings, due to the growth of the downtown

a¡ea towards the south end of the city and the fact that the Transitional A¡ea is located

immediately adjacent to the Central Business District. Similarly, the other adjacent

neighbourhoods will also eventually be affected by this growth.

Examination of the site indicates that most of the existing single-family house-forms

are concenÍated towa¡ds the south-west portion of the Transitional Area. Other sinrilar

house forms are scattered throughout the central and western areas. .The northern

section of the site is predominantly made up of larger building types, including hotels,

apartments, and government offices. Some of the original houses have been converted

intocommercial-retailfacilities. These conversions are found scattered throughout the

neighborhood, with the majority concentated in the south-westportion of the area (Fig.

10 ).

Figure 10 indicates that there is a considerable amount of land that is used for street

level parking, in addition to the parking spaces on both sides of the streets and avenues about the neighborhood.

There is an open spaceþark located north of the Central Collegiate which is being used

as a sports field for baseball and football for the neighborhood.

THE URBAN LINK 18 tr:= I U I ! ,r--J I 0 zb 50 100M, -r Fig. 9 Figure-Ground Relationship

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Non-House Forms

E..ll OFro Space/Rrk

fukrng T o-t-_= 2sso loûM lNì Fig. 10 Physical Land Use Partern. 'Z\

TI]E URI]AN LINK 20 During this study, Central Collegiate no longer sewed as an education centre for the

neighborhood, although its grounds were used for active amatuer sports. The other

education facility, Strathcona School, was also closed and converted into the Bosco

Homes for boys. Its grounds are presently fenced to provide a private facility.

Finally, all the streets and avenues within the Transitional Area have one-way vehicular

taffic as shown in the Appendix. The t'wo streets and avenues on the periphery of the

neighborhood carry two-way traffic, and divert most of the vehicular Eaffic a¡ound the

area. Broad and Albert Sfreets and Victoria and College Avenues are the primary

vehicular traffic arteries bounding the neighbourhood. They are also primary collectors

serving the study a¡ea. The pedestrian circulation conforms primarily to the network of

steets and avenues through the area. Since Broad and Albert streets are fairly busy

vehicular thoroughfares, the less active streets in the area are more pleasant for

pedesniancirculati on.

Thesite context and land use patterns are analysed and graphically documented in the

Appendix of' this report and provid the basis for the above analysis. Figure 11

documents the physical condition of the existing site; the encroachment of the

commercial district, one-way vehicular circulation within the Transitional Alea,

primary vehicular traffic surrounding the neighborhood, and the area of concentration

of the remaining single family housing. This inventory coupled with the field

observations, provided the basis fo¡ the identification of concems, opportunities and

objectives outlined in Chapter4.

T}IE URBAN LINK 2t CEI-ITK,EL þüb\Il?ss ?I STKIÔT rñ o +ffizãåffiab"r-â

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El r.rFl

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ÐH

H nn IJ H

a1 r rlE3- o --ÆJL IL lS to* pEHslTY +o cÉHT6,{L -HL 3 8 w{þæ6 ßE9rÞÉHTtÁL \% w cþu-E6KL.- <92 +toHL ^FrÁ. UHIVþKåLY of ñE6lr'K / Vlæ*rx PÅKK.

tHl 0 25 50 100M.

Fig. 11 Physical Site Analysis.

TTIE T]RBAN LINK 22 tr--Pffi! "qk -ilDE C=[rE EHn otr[- Fs goohm",ffi[*-rnã fftü% *h , F ¡ilq å fl¡4 åffiffi'**å'Em"i[ ilF T ---' ! r! r ú il l_Jl_J ff qnroç &o!ffiH Ð:g rH !il n tnn å- ffio frõn',ïo'üæt tu*Ëoï mõ mi, E{E rTT r m ¡n_l Diç1._fn $ffi"[qr: F n' oÐ [T] û ñ1ffiû úqt ncÐ o'-o"flo[¡ D¡ ¡ !E ! ßilt !L]E Hffii5Rq'Etrffi'H"ffil rTtï]ilTt r IF', I ilil [;tril Õ Ð Effi l.-¡ E¡ 0ff f-LqlsTi_;"qffiutrmF-ooErihi¡[ E -) l---ltl-J ffi,Th"dsd* m¡ m sD Ë! ,m[ Èq3 !t ruE0[ry': rqF fln Tl f] tr_l #E 'ooDtËllm¿o MJ € n hl tIHhrH LJ cilo [tfn-r-l [-1j10 rl- q@@q--r ffnqmo¡ !Doroo ol- tr qdftrn @eooo mf, Ft[! t-LE ro þ9.,*!u Ef----] 0o t=o 4.0 cCINe IBiRNSo OIPIPOIRTIUNIITIIIIÐSo AND O]EJ]ÐCTI]IVtsS

TheanalyticalworkundertakeninChapters I and 3, together with the land use pattem

informationdocumentedinthe Appendix, have led to the identification of four general

issues: buildings and streetscapes, urban open spaces, circulation and parking, and

neighborhood environment. These have been assessed in terms of the concerns and

opportunities they present, followed by the articulation of planning and design

objectives derived from them; objectives intended to provide direction for the

subsequent design concept ideas.

4.L BUILDING AND STREETSCAPES

The existing streetscapes are characteized by rows of single family residential

buildings of traditional typology and materials, on tree-lined streets, with the vistas

typically framed by the trees.

In spite of general deterioration over time, the sfreetscapes in the southwest portion of

theTransitional Area are generally of reasonable quality.

Concerns

1) deterioratio:r of streetscape continuity as a result of building demolition.

2) deterioration of streetscape continuity as a result of infill incompatible with

heritage buildings in terms of height, bulk, and form.

3) loss of existing süeet plantings due to insensitive building infilling as well as

through age and disease of the trees.

T}IEURBANLINK 23 Opportunities

1) available vacant sites suitable for the construction of infill buildings appropriate

to the adjacent sfteetscape.

2) significant sections of the existing building fabric still consist of traditional single family residential buildings.

Objectives

1) provide for the retention, maintenance and/or restoration of buildings in the

Transitional Area which, by virtue of their individual architectu¡al and heriøge

qualities, or by their contribution to the surrounding sfreetscape reinforce the

residential character typified by the original buildings of the Transitional Area.

2) facilitate the change in internal use of some traditional residential buildings to

commercial or office functions, in order to maintain the extemal historic

character of the Area

3) replace streettrees that have been lost to disease and urban development.

4.2 URBAN OPEN SPACE

The urban open space quality of the neighborhood is under developed and under

utilized. This may be due to the lack of public ammenities and recreational facilities

within the Transitional Area. The closing of some educational facilities may be the

cause. The abundance of mature trees is one of the outstanding characteristics of the

Area. Unfortunately, some of these have deteriorated or have been removed over the

years, through redevelopment of sites and/or disease of the trees.

T}IEURBANLINK 24 Concerns

1) general impairment of the residential appearance and environment of the TransitionalArea.

2) intrusion of off-steet parking in front yards.

3) lack of public amenity and open space appropriate to aresidential area.

4) underutilization of education and recreation grounds within the Transitional

Area, due to the changing use of the educational facilities.

Opportunities

1) street trees which, in spite of some deterioration, are an outstanding resource of

the area.

2) the potential of Central Collegiate and Strathcona School buildings to be

converted to mix-use.or culfural and community facilities.

3) the availability of some parking lots for redevelopment as neighborhood park

spaces.

Obiectives

1) to provide open space within the Transitional Area necessary to allow for a full

range of neighborhood-oriented recreational and social activities.

2) to encourage the provision of private yards, the cha¡acter of which should

support and enhance the residential use and character ofthe A¡ea.

3) to enhance the unique character of the Transitiónal Area, including its open

space, landscape, and street trees, through the development of landscape

proposals which complement an improved pedesfrian walkway system through

the Area.

4) to otherwise unify and strengthen the visual identity of the Transitional A¡ea.

THEURBANLINK 25 4.3 CIRCULATION AND PARKING

The growth in downtown office and retail space, and conversion of single family

housing to retaiVoffice services over the years has created a significant demand for

additional parking spaces in the Transitional A¡ea.

In general terms, the high demand for parking in the area has resulted in an increase in

surface parking lots.

Concerns

1) incompatibility of existing distribution and volume of traffic within

theArea.

2) traffic noise and congestion.

3) inappropriately high ievels of on-street and surface lot parking.

4) threat to pedestrian safety from vehicular traffic.

5) lack of high quality, well-maintained, pedestrian walkways and amenities.

Opportunities

1 ) tree-lined streets of hsingle family residential buildings conducive to a pleasant pedestrian environmenl 'Wascana 2) creation of distinctive pedestrian linkage between downtown and

Pa¡k, which would complement and enhance the Area.

3) a well concealed parking facility which would enhance the character of the Area.

Three specific aspects of circulation and parking in the Transitional Area need to be

addressed:

a) the identification of sources and locations of parking demand.

b) the volume and distribution of vehicular haffic.

THE URBAN LINK 26 c) the development of pedestrian requirements for sidewalk improvements,

includingprotection from hazardous conditions, eg. icy walkways, vehicular

traffic, etc.

Obiectives

1) to integrate within the pedestrian walkway system of the Area a pedestrian

linkage between the downtown central business district and Wascana Cenûe

which will complement and enhance the unique cha¡acter of the Area, including

its streetscapes, and heritage buildings and open spaces.

2) to provide an environment in the Transitional A¡ea conducive to safe and

pleasant pedestrian circulation by introducing appropriate lighting, vehicular

buffer zones and brick paved sidewalks to differentiate the pedestrian zone from

thevehicular zone.

3) regulate parking in the Area, especially parking related to non-residential uses,

in order to reduce areas exclusively dedicated to the vehicle.

4) accomodateonlythatlevelofvehicularFafficinthe Transitional Area which is

compatible with residential land use.

THE URBANLINK 27 4.4 NEIGHBORHOOD PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ENVIRONMENTS

Due to the lack of open space in the Transitional Area, a landscape of high quality is

important. The close proximity of a variety of uses and building forms may preclude

the provision of typical grassed yard space. Moreover, such a landscape expression

may not meet the requirements for open space of various types of households in the TransitionalArea.

Concerns

1) lack of attention to private yards.

2) voids in residential blocks, either neglected or paved for parking.

Opportunities

1) appropriately sized front yards for individual landscape development.

2) residential infilling of voids in the residential blocks, or development as

parkettes.

Objective

1) new developments should include open space for private and public enjoyment,

thus conributing to the overall streetscape and visual amenity of the Area.

THEURBANLINK 28 q&Ê tr ÞtËtr (F[¡r= EHn Fn oo\m",ï =#DT =trf]. 4; [*-=nË niüft% * h , F nflql å flc¡ö åffifrTJ-*1Ëm"inil rT TFqrúil !! ff wffi ffi!ffiqr Ð:TrH ¡u ! fnn S- ñOnË,o 8ñm'iå,ïæü "@*Ë0ï ßõ ¡U, ffE rTT TU r il_l Di9.5n $$#,[1 qr= F !' no tfl il û ffi;"'û fldi mÐ fi o"flo[r t¡ tr [n !Bffi DTIE H"""äHffi'E trffi'H"*=il NlI]llTI T o Çtil n trf ffio= flN F-¡ nEtr F) &=il*F*ffiffiffi*f;"E m S¡) Ël 0 &ryi: ,m[ Èr2 fln EO #E ff"o-aa['#o t'r il E mI r-r[r n hn [ftft¡fitru |j cilo ![fl-Lfl [-]fl" m c-l- TLr----r H=og."u m"T= qdtltil mil \---J'J rDE õE @{ros Ðf-----l t=o 5"0 COD$Crc]PTUAL STIIJ]DY

s.tr. GENERAN, CO¡{CEPT ST'ATEMENT

Several alternative new pedestrian routes which would connect Wascana Park to the

City centre were revealed from the land use analysis and other site conditions in the

TransitionalA¡ea. Thealternativechosen for development was seen to be a simple but

effective solution which convey effectively the idea of connection between the north-

south and east-west neighborhoods.

This design proposal utilizes the concept of neighborhood-to-neighborhood linkage.

The Transitional Area neighborhood defined by Victoria and College Avenues, and

Albert and Broad Streets, is the a¡ea that provides both north-south and east-west linkage.

The Conceptual Masterplan (Fig. 12) shows how the connection is achieved. The

building elements surrounding the neighborhood form a "wall" to enclose the

Transitional Area, thus defining the neighborhood. It is proposed that the lots that are

vacant be planted with bosques of tees to form continuous "walls". These bosques are

to consist of a maximum of two rows of trees, with an understorey of shrubs to maintain the consistency of this "wall". This would visually reduce the inpact of

parking lots or parkettes, and outdoor activity areas which may be related to the

functions of the adjacent buildings. The only parts of these "walls" that will not be

planted are at existing streets. These streets a¡e subdivisioned as the perforations in the

"walls", the connections to the other neighborhoods in the City. South of this

neighborhood is the University of Regina campus and Wascana Park. Along this edge

is a strip of lawn area, a buffer zone which acts as a "foyer" to the park from the north.

T}IEURBANLINK 29 The neighborhood-to-neighborhood link is fu¡ther enhanced by incorporating Leon

Krier's "Cities within a City" concept. This section of Regina conforms with what

Leon Krier describs as a pedestrian oriented city, in which services and work places are

easily accessible with the minimal usage of the vehicle. From the existing land use

patterns, it is evident that the Transitional Area is composed of a range of services and

activitieswhicha¡e essential components of any city; governmental, commercial /retall,

offices, residential, recreational, and educational facilities. Most of these services are at

the same concentration thoughout the Transitional Area and are zoned in one particular

area is the case as in any typical North American city. The area of this neighborhood is

approximately one kilometer square, which is a reasonably comfortable walking

distance, making the Area a potential prototype for the Krier model. This is also ideal

for the residents within the Area, as they can walk to their places of work in the

neighborhood. The adequacy of the housing stock to accommodate most of the local

working residents in the Area must be investigated further, but this is not within the

scope of this study.

Outside this neighborhood are axial components which enhance the north-south link;

the Legislative axis on Smith Steet, terminating at the intersection of Smith and

Victoria to the north and opening up in the south to Wascana Park, and the Cenotaph

axis on Cornwall Street, with the Cenotaph in Victoria Park in the north and Darke Hall

in the University of Regina in the south. These conceptual components will be further

elaborated in chapter 5.

There are also three major foci or destination points within the neighborhood, which

provide avariety of opportunities for a more interesting pedestian oriented circulation

link through and beyond the Transitional A¡ea. They are the Historic Precinct

TI{EIJRBANLINK 30 (connecteddirectlytotheSmith Street axis), the Cenual Collegiate Precinct (a shaft of

green space which connects with W'ascana Park), and Strathcona School Precinct (an

active green space which opens up to the A¡ea to the easÐ. At the north shore of

Wascana Lake, where the Central Collegiate "shaft" intersects with the Smith Street

"spread", an amphitheater-marina has been proposed to further enhance the tie of the

Transitional Area to Wascana Park. These will be elaborated further in the following

section.

T}IEURBANLINK 31 1'î*:".'ï"

iffiI rEË tewayi--l E={ r---J-[f-1

U) X

¿4& cÆ õ ø 3 3t ¡< ol n5l ffiL-

t----tr-f W.trl *lh-JFnfL-r

Wascana Park Fig. 12 Conceptual Masterplan.

THE URBAN LINK 5.2 DESIGN COI{CEPTS

This section outlines the basis for the design choices, and follows with explanations of

the design concepts and resulting design solutions for the neighborhood thus providing

the general design strucfure for the Alea, including:

1) AxialConnections

Central Axis - Axial connection between Darke Hall of University of

Regina/WascanaCentre and the Cenotaph in Victoria Park along Cornwall Street.

Government Axis - Legislative Building axis along Smith Street to the

Eateway at the intersection of smith street and victo¡ia Avenue.

2) HistoricRevitalization

Restoration of the fab¡ic of the proposed historic brock.

The existing converted blocks of single family housing. .

3) Neighborhood Parks

Central Collegiate and grounds.

conversion of strathcona school grounds to an active play area. l

4) The Neighborhood "V/all"

The streetscape encompassing the Transitional Area as an identifiable

component, which allows interaction with adjacent neighborhoods.

THE URBAN LINK 33 5.2.I AXIAI- CONNECTIONS

Central Axis (Fig. 13) - design criteria

This choice was made on the basis of the physicat axial connection between the

Cenotaph in Victoria Park and Darke Hall at the University of Regina carnpus, as

depicted in the existing site plan. These elements provide a strong north-south

connection along Cornwall Street through the Transitional Area, thus contributing to the

linking of Wascana and Victoria Parks. This provided a conceptual connection for a

pedestrian route developed to enhance the already existing concrete sidewalk. This

acknowledged the above mentioned elements which originally created this axis. This

offers an opportunity to introduce a formal element to this neighborhood, providing a

"spine" which can visually and functionally bring the area together.

T}IEURBANLINK 34 7.-1 ltiIi TArl I l7 _û______ì, ___,r______l[-ll[----rlli H ll lt r H lt it lii 11,------I ll |( _1.___ll hr it tLl -_&___r I ll[_ ! 'æ------rr------iit un\ lElrItr-ll ll l---Jlj Yç'i I ill \ ay I jll,F¡_ l\ llil-h r ll î"¿utaoa+ll I iL_.1 I i il l' -offif<. i ll I lLrtrlN silrQ-ll il,l il I IllLl/. Aw. .ll----r'Ê ll l, lr--lt I ll¡lill rulLtl.ll----rnl 1l] illlit itt ilrilllrl il ll¡ ju /illl||D il ll ll¡ ll ll¡ ¡ltt tt¡lt¡ MÅl-..]l.,_J-r*-æ Etl lt ,l vù ltll tlrllr tt tll tt lt- t¡I li¡ttl i li! ffiËii ii ii H l--_--llE 'ILlll- tlf wvat--_-ll---lt-_-li- I tiø ilI llr ffi:il- il il ii L-_]LL___tE ffi'uij ii l1 ii tr4'/ut =------_lt-r-_-l- ëB j rr------l , *;' EæËry .-FtM li

Fig. 13 Central Axis - Cornwall Street.

TIIE T.IRBANLINK Cornwall Street (Fig. la) - concept

This creates an axial connection between Darke Hall in the University of

Regina/Wascana Park precinct and the Cenotaph in Victoria Park.

This is an important linking element, as it strengthens the north-south connection; one

of the objectives of the study. Unlike its counterparts, Albert and Broad Streets,

Cornwall Street terminates at College Avenue to the south and Victoria Avenue to the

north. It is proposed that the quality of this street be enhanced to provide a ceremonial

identity because of its axial quality. However, it should be pedestrian in character, with

the introduction of nodesþarkettes where the streets intersect the avenues, thus

encouragingincreased pedestrian activity. This begins to develop in consistency with

Mawson's concept of a "sfring of parks", connecting Victoria and Wascana Parks.

The Cenotaph symbolises the past and the war for the freedom of Canada, and Darke

Hall as part of the University of Regina campus, which symbolizes a progressive

education system for the future. This axial quality enhances the history that this

neighborhood experienced during the city's growth and evolution. This is the main

"spine" which ties the three neighborhoods; the City centre, the Transitional Area and

Vy'ascana Park.

In contrastto its presentdeteriorated condition, Cornwall Street witl be framed by two

rows of trees and symmetrically designed to enhance its axial quality. These trees are

planted at20feet cenfres so that once mature, they will form a strong canopy framing

the axial vista. The dense branching patterns will create a galleria-like canopy over the

street in the summer, while still maintaining a strong structural form in the winter. This

would seem to emphasize the axis for the vehicle, but if the trees are planted on the

THEURBANLINK 36 easement between the property limit and the sidewalk, the pedestrians will also be able

to perceive this spatial quality.

It is intended that parallel parking on both sides of the street be interrupted with lawn

areas, reducing the visual impact of the cars as shown in Figure 14. These lawn areas

occurdi¡ectly opposite each other, thus allowing for safe and convenient mid-block

pedestrian crossings. This proposal limits the allowance for transient street parking,

hence displacing the over-flow of vehicles to surface parking lots already existing

within and outside the neighborhood.

It is proposed that all the intersection points along Cornwall Sneet with the Avenues be

"punctuated" with focal points or activity nodes, in the form of pocket parks. It is

envisionedthatthese areas be converted to sheltered pedestrian stopping/resting areas,

and in some instances, as activity generating plazas. These plazas are located adjacent

to commercial/retail or office buildings. Commercial buildings will be enhanced with

outdoor cafes or markets, and office buildings will have sculpture gardens or fountain

plazaand seating. The framework of these nodes has been designed, and the functions

to be filled by the existing or prograrnmed activities of the specific areas are add¡essed

in this study. Sketches of this layout is depicted in Figures 26 and 27. The sketches

illustrate a lockstone paved area with Íee wells and street furniture, such as pole or

bolla¡d lighting, benches, and fountains or sculptures, depending on the image each

individual block chooses to present. These particular street corners are selected not

only as north-south connectors, but also to atract activities east-west along the avenues.

THE URBAN LINK 37 This series of pocket parks helps to conhect Wascana and Victoria parks, realizing

Mawson's description of '.... the park system as a untfyíng ch.aín designed to convert

the city into an artistic whole by binding all parks. ,

THE URBAN LINK 38 I I -_], ir rnmr r_-l r'rr-rlin-Ll¡¿--L-1-,=.=-- !ffnffi-uq* (^ fìTqnnlrrtlfìIt= * i¿E! .Hri - - __ \: r- ::__'-____mru'-_----- ,g''tsr,,-r.' li-I.ìv^ o =.-i-$3 "'. \11 >. lir 'ì 7 nn )F : I I Llltrffidffi*4ffit---i lL çl -t iil t r ' -' ----ï-;;{:T--T r::: -- - ':: :F :i

n l-lrl I llil,ljtrlhr: -r n rlìi, Scarth St. Mall

J -'t z

ï -lr LflllI t- r-'rl !--=+4

úl t_fil E

PLAN tr ---- V/r4.5CÄ,N;{ TAñK =lrLl l

AXONOMETRTC t.= Ê,:::,= I l-r-J I

Fig. 14 Cornwall Street Axis - concept

.IIIE URI]AN LINK Government Axis (Fig. 15) - design criteria

This axis is a historical reference to the original Mawson plan (Fig. 2), but, the

proposal establishes only a portion of the formal axis associated with Mawson,s proposal. While there is now no terminus to the north of Smith Street, the relationship of the Legislative Building and Smith Street to City Hall does imply a physical axis. This Legislative Axis recognizes the importance of the provincial seat of govemment in

the capital City of Regina, with the southern axis te¡minating at the formal entrance of the Legislative Bûilding. This axial quality can be perceived as both symbolic and ceremonial

T}IEURBANLiNK 40 l Ëî I

I

I

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Fig. 15 Government Axis - Smith Streer 4l TIIETIRBANLINK SmÍth Street (Fig. 16) - concepr

This concept re-establishes the axial design originally depicted in the Mawson plan

(Fig.2), which shows the Legislative Building terminating the southern axis at what

appears to be a railway building terminating the northern axis. Just before the north

terminus is the quarter blockplan as shown in the Mawson plan.

This quarter block plan is now different in layout. The blocks are amalgamated into

two regular city blocks and they hold the; City Hall, the provincial office building, the

city library, Knox Church, and the Masonic Temple. The southern terminus remains as

it was originally designed, the location of the Legislature Building.

The northern terminus originally planned by Mawson is now the Regina Carøge and

Storage building, not a very significant focus. This could in future be replaced by a

moreprominent focal point or building to mark this terminus. The proposed north

terminus is a gateway located at the intersection of Smith Street and Victoria Avenue.

This symbolically provides a framework for the north-south connection.

The southern terminus at Smith Street begins with a gateway leading to a circular

ceremonial driveway and a marina that is on axis with the existing boat dock across

Wascana Lake. This ceremonial driveway is a contemporary reinterpretation of the

Mawson proposal for a Civic Cenhe. The middle strip of this ci¡cle should have annual

pianting beds similar to the formal planting beds in front of the Legislative Building.

The "spread" mentioned in the general concept section begins from the gateway, and

opens towa¡ds the south, leading to the museum and the proposed amphitheater-marina

on the north shore of Vy'ascana Lake (Figs. 19 and 20). This element is composed of

two formal rows of hees radiating from the intersection of Smith and College Sfteets to

THE URBANLINK 42 the south, towards V/ascana Lake, thus forming a strong gestue between the City

(order) and the park (nature). Schematically, this gesture opens a vista towards the

Legislative grounds or, in reverse, concentrates on Smith Sneet and drawing the

parkland into the city.

This proposal also helps to direct activities to and from the Historic precinct discussed

laterin this chapter, in addition to its use as a thoroughfare. The Smith Street axis is

framed by an avenue of trees to enhance the formality of this Govemment axis. This

planting pattern also offers a protective micro environment at the steet level, deflecting

the harsh rvinter winps. This is accomplished by planting some medium height (20-

25ft.) street trees, such as maples and ashes, at 15 feet centres. This will create a

canopyeffectabovethepedestriansidewalkarea only, and not over the street as is the

case on Cornwall Street. The trees selected for this street are chosen for their red autum

colour, should turn red thus distinguishing this axis from other parts of the neighborhood.

SmithStreet is a one-way south-bound street, hence there is a strong movement from

the commercial area to Wascana Park. Pedestrian movement, however, is bi-

directional. Parking occurs on both sides of the street, which is visually broken at

regular intervals by"shrub and lawn intrusions. This is an attempt to break up the

monotonous string of parked cats, hence de-emphasizing the vehicle, as previously

described in the Cornwall Street proposal.

TFIEURBANLINK 43 r_l tf 5-l f,l Ër= _a

urÀ €'r?-. \T,rir Tu:'u ì-fr-ìxtp o

PLAN f__ Fig. 16 Smith Street Axis - concept

1]II] URI]AN LINK .À{C

itt' &", I|J i¡ ÜTil; iLl I ".È i.'-ñ t..j

a/ 5-lilqilurI [lTl nn¡lllruF øln | ¡LJ,llJ rttri I T \l 1i il ¿ aiLl r-r r-l : i --1¿ li lln fïr ,;i[]iËn ) Ët 5.2.2 HISTORIC REVITALIZ.A,TION

Historic Block (Fig. 17) - design criteria

The proposal for this area is developed to address the historic quality of the study area.

This area was selected on the basis that most of the historic fabric still exists and it has

the potential to be revitalized and preserved. This site was defined by analysing the

land use pattems (compiled in the appendix section) which indicates the concentration

of single family house-forms that are still intact in the Transitional Area.

THE URBAN LINK 45 ! TETT

l--tTvlclIT !,ÜTiIT 'Ær-El

W Elr 1--Li ----_-i n ;fu.*lll m ffilfr t¡t n fr{illL__j m &fEII F ËII rl.r e4r I L-] L_, - n 2200 Block (Fig. 18) - concept

Since this block contains historically designaæd houses, it is worthwhile that this block

berestored to its historical condition but in a more contemporary sense. Restoring the

historical typology of the building, at the same time, perform technical upgrades to

facilit¿te modern functions such as restaurants, offices, and galleries. This restoration

shall focus on locating each of these historic houses and researching into their

background in terms of notable ownership, period-style, and by virtue of their

individual architectural and heritage merit. Not forgetting their contribution to the

surrounding sEeetscape which reinforce the residential character typified by the original

buildings of the Transitional Area.

This restoration involves repairing the fabric of the 2200 þlock between Lorne and Smith, and 74th' and 15th' and bringing it back to period houses with period

landscapes. As to the effect on the streetscape, the houses on the opposite sides of the streets should be treated with the utmost importance to create a "complete picture" of

this historic neighborhood. The process of repairing shall involve infilling the empty

lots with houses that complement the characteristics of the existing fabric to ensure a

uniformity in the streetscape is developed. The existing building stocks that were built

in a latterperiod (which do not belong to the required style; eg. apartments and flat roof

buildings that do not have this historic quality) shall be replaced or renovated with

historical typology to reflect the character of the neighborhood. These replacements

shall reflect and complemenr the historic building rypes in rhe area (Fig. 5).

Contemporary means that these houses will nothecessarily be residential dwellings but

revenue generating elements which may be able to channel funds to maintain and

preservetheexternalhistoricalchaÍactÊÍ of the block. This could be achieved through

THE URBANLINK 47 neighborhood and government encouragement by use of special benefits and financial

assistance. Thesecommercialproperries may be professional offices, specialty stores,

restaurants, art galleries, and regional museums.

This block is complemented by the existing converted house forms located in the 2300

blocks just south of it. These blocks also possess similar characters and qualities as in

this proposed study site.

This proposal is enhanced by the proposed Smith Street axis which provides a formal

channel for the flow of people and activities through and into the Transitional Area.

This proposed idea shall reflect the historical streetscape with the adaptation of avenues

of trees, and teatment of the yard space directly adjacent to the city easement using

wrought iron or picket fencing with hedgerows of flowering shrubs. The trees on

Smith Steet shall be as described previously, but the treatment of the streets parallel to

Smith shall have a different planting pattern. The trees shall be planted at 25-30 feet

on-cenEe to create a less enclosed effect as attempted on Smith Street. A different tree

species shall also be used to differentiate the streets. While the historical fronts are

superficially maintained, the backyards and alleyways could be enriched by developing

into a courtyard for programmed activities and parking. Some of these activities may

include a cafe, outdoor art space, and gardens, to complement the restaurants, galleries,

and offices in the Area. These back areas should also be maint¿ined as service and fire

access through the neighborhood. The courtyards could house inteqpretive plaques to

convey the history of the Area.

T}IEURBANLINK 48 AXONOMETRIC

IrI ;E] E ' 14th. Atc. - raJ læln I tpi t- H EaÄ"Kr^o K.o.\¡/. t-t éßEEil s?Æ- r1 t= l--l ll &ÍwoelrÃtvw lreçr¡,nd ¡ L-J, 15th. Ave. -ì lr-- -] u H rL_il trl tf, T= E fl EÉ' i r:f Lf=l E=

fl LJôIt

Ft=ff ffi Fig. 18 2200 Block-concept

THE URBAN LINK 49 5.2.3 NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS

Central Collegiate Park (Fig. 19) - design criteria

The Central Collegiate is selected in terms of its historic quality for being one of the

original educational facilities in the neighborhood. The two-block area addresses the

need for a large neighborhood public open space. There is also potential to convert

Cennal Collegiate into a neighborhood community centre and a mixed use complex.

THE URBANLINK 50 ruTTruru ITT ffiT Tru n[-ilTl--- TffiMffiT L]L-]MTT hl---__ll----l

vl ll I $L_lL__llrnlT úlo ffiw .F oeffio ,CI %"8 æ #"lm ß-'æ Ë *.€ Y¿ASCÆ+{ Þ4K< @: q% ffi"*#q* ,:,:t¿l*¡* QS

nd l[i,i,:,i,i::i:i:i::::1 Lr- L]gJ Fig. 19 Centrdl Collegiate park Concepr 51 .rrb ungANI-[.rK Central Collegiate and Grounds (Fig. 20) - concept

TheCentralCollegiaæbuilding is designated as a priority heritage site by the Heritage

Society of Regina. There is a potential for a variety of functions to be programmed for

this building. These new functions will retain and preserve this heritage building's

external features.

Some of the potential functions include converting part of the interior of Central

Collegiate into a historical interpretive facility for this neighborhood (the Transition

Area being part of the first 1883 plan of the City of Regina), a coûrnuniry cenfre,

daycare, and possibly a restaurant or even a theatre of the arts to complement the

University of Regina's Fine Arts Faculty. For a neighborhood of this unique quality,

there is a need for a community facilify, a place for the residents to congregate and hold 'With community functions. some interior renovations, this building will have the

capacity to hold a fai¡ size community gathering.

The portion of l5ú' Avenue between Scarth and Hamilton streets witl be closed off to connect Central Park to the Cennal Collegiate block to enhance the extension of parkland which extends from Wascana Park into the neighborhood. This park will

integrate the Transitional Area with Wascana Park. This site will be the blending of the

formalVictorian landscape and the picturesque landscape from V/ascana Park. The

same plant material as in Wascana Pa¡k wilt be used in this proposed extension to

enhance this parkland integration. The portion of College Avenue adjacent to this

section could not be closed off due to its function as a primary thoroughfare. Closing it

off will involve considerable traffic studies andie-planning. This continuity can easily

be achieved with the use of paving material and planting the bouleva¡d with an

identifiable tree specie.

THEURBANLINK 52 As an added contrast to the rigid gridiron layout of the streets, the portions of Scarth

and Hamilton street immediately adjacent to the Central Collegiate siæ is curved to

mimic the flow of the Victorian landscape. This attempt is to help slow down vehicular

fraffic because once developed, this will be a fairly high pedestrian traffic a¡ea.

The gridiron layout of the city blocks is carried through into the picturesque landscape

of Wascana Pa¡k by the use of regimented tree planting. And, from there, the grid

blends into the free-flowing parkland of Wascana Park. The impact on the existing

condition will be negligible compared to the strength of the resultant statement. This

provides a setting for Central Collegiate in a park-like environment and at the same

time, providing an urban open space/neighborhood park for the community with

amenities like baseball, playground structures, and apicnic area.

The end of this intrusion will be punctuaúed with an amphitheater-marina on the north

shore of Wascana Lake. This will function as an outdoor facility for fine arts and

performance art, and will be a complementary structure to the Canadian Broadcasting

Corporation Facility and University of Regina Fine Arts Faculty. From here, a foot

bridge will connect across the lake onto Goose Island. This proposal strengthens the

connection between the structured city grid layout and the natural park environmenl

T}IEURBANLINK 53 1l þ+tI -.i.Æ-¿ ï-ïs : L-å ' di e{,: ---d\ +) -..--d.' # 6+' @ sú q¿ 4, .qt

IJn ftTJ

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PLAN

Wascana Lake {J €Ð @ @ @ @ û @ {Ê @ @ å1 @ d) l8 ø @ @ ø @ @ @

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Wascana l-ake

/l\ .,i s ^, \-. "[tq )_\ \\ '\ {.. t\\¡\ ',:,'t '. .-è,'é; "t ,!JÞ4 .,L I

AXONOMETRIC

L-- Fig"2 0 Cenü'al Coilegiate and Grounds - concept

1]'IIJ URI}AN I-INK Strathcona Schoot Block (Fig. 2t) - design criteria

The Strathcona School is also one of the original educational facilities in this

neighborhood. Although it is no longer functioning as a school, the building has the

potential to be treated for its historic qualities and the grounds developed into an active

park area to serve the neighborhood and enhance the Cenral Collegiate grounds design.

THETIRBANLINK 55 ÍúTT TMffiT TKTTT TMTEN TTlTffiW TMTffiffiH NNNNWFTI F Lt L);t!@wE -__lt-- W sry Strathcona Schoo! Grounds (Fig.2?) - concept

Theexistingbuildingstructureispresentlybeingusedby the Bosco Boys home. This

is the only building in the entire city block area. A proposal for a designed landscape

development will be appropriate to conveft this block into a focus area which will be

identifiable with the cha¡acter porrayed by the Transitional Area as discussed in

previous sections. This idea can be accomplished with the use of landscapes and

süeetscape methods proposed for the other zones in the Area. However, the outer

boundaries along Broad Street will have to blend in to the "wall" concept depicted in the

general concept ståtement. This proposed freatment will provide a standard framework

for a more detailed programmed site specific activity which will help open up the

Transitional Area to Broad Street and enhance the amenities al¡eady available in the

neighborhood. This development will function as a gateway into tlre Transitional Area

from the west side of the neighborhood.

The proposed trees will be planted at25 feet centres around the block to enclose this

active ¿ìrea to cÍeate an illusion of a park when observed from the adjacent streets.

V/ithin this enclosure, pockets of active play areas will be developed.

TTIEURBANLINK 57 U) J (.f) õ o ¡< Êo E,[;l lll r. r:r tr l¡il E !=u

E] ü E E tf trl

ô ruF. m Fig.22 Strathcona School Grounds - concept

TTIE URBANLINK 58 5.3 PEDESTRXAI{ ST'REET SYSTEM

This section deals with the typical design elements which are essential for the complete

animation of the framework of the Transitional Area and it's surrounding edges as

described in the concept development section of this proposal.

It is essential that an environmentally protected outdoor pedestrian ci¡culation and

activityareasbedesigned for these proposed routes. This confrolled condition can be

achievedwith the innoduction of lockstone paved pedestrian walkways, sheltered rest

areas, telephone booths, interpretive plaques, pedestrian scale lighting, and pick-

up/drop-offa¡eas for both buses and ca¡s are provided for in this proposed streetscape

I (Fig. 23). These elements enhance the design concepts and the street planting

proposals discussed in section 5.2. Anintensified street tree planting as well as private

yard landscapes will create a fairly comfortable micro-climate in the pedestrian precinct

in the winter as well as in the surruner. This treatment will help develop a unique and

uniform identity for the Transitional A¡ea.

Figure 23 shows some standard treatments of on-street parallel parking layouts for the

study a¡ea, indicating some possibilities of pedestrian and vehicular integration and

safety. The upper section of the diagram describes a typical bus bay with an enclosed

sftucturelocated on top of a lockstone paved a¡ea. This also provides outdoor sitting

areas in the summer: This improved bus-pedestrian environment will help encourage

more residents to use the City's public transit and noi be dependent on their cars.

Deductions from random interviews with the residents of the area indicates that the lack

of use of the transit ,system stems from the infrequency of it's services to the lack of

bus shelærs.

T}IEURBANLINK 59 This improvement would alleviate some of the parking problems and also help reduce

the number of parking lots in the downtown area.

É,tþ zrorf æwer

+ l-+xpt\fn&.'-r

Fig.23 Bus Stop and shelter, and On-street Parking.

THE I.JRBAN LINK 60 Realistically, there must also be enough parking areas to accommodate the present

demand and the influx of activities due to the introduction of additional programming

mentionedpreviously. An extensive traffic study should be ca¡ried out independently

to dete¡mine the feasibility of the parking requirement in the Area. A set of design guidelines should be developed to specify that these parking lots would be sensitive and

responsive to the site in terms of control and invisibility of the parked cars so as not to

visuaily impose on the historic cha¡acter of the Area (Fig. 24). The sketch proposes

how the parking lots can be enclosed in a ring of trees with low shrubs to conceal the

cars. Maintenance of these lots may be add¡essed separately in another study.

Otrt\oñ*: td66¿.¡¿ç

Fig.24 Alternative Parking Lot Designs.

T}IEURBANLINK 61 The pedestrian sidewalk zones will be furnished with benches, garbage receptacles,

period street lights, and designed street signage @ig. 25) that enhances rhe unique

character of the a¡ea. All these elements accompanied by lockstone paved sidewalks

will provide a very unique pedestrian experience which will snenghthen this

neighborhood's special identity (Fig. 26). The sketches suggest thar the signage and

other sEeet furniture will depict a unique character for the Area. These authentic images

will be replicated more accurately through indepth literature search and archival

documentations. These are only recommendations of historical vernacular forms and

styles to bring out the character of the early Regina steetscape.

tÉN(flfon Þus sfoßS

É,\S SloF ã\6N s-Tßu--T s\6l

Fig. 25 Signage, lighting, benches.

T}IEURBANLINK 62 '5É¡ffi¿1 .IûÅô(G4rt 'W*1çÅîÑ W€Ã' - ucrYuÉá

$uttÐt116 hrçrbl(Þ

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Fig.26 Sidewalk fearmenr and Nodes (detail of a Cornwall Street node)

T}IELIRBANLINK 63 There-furbished streetplanting (avenue of rees) not only bring back the characær the

original neighborhood, it also will provide a more comfortable pedestrian environment

(Fig. 27).

This intensified planting will also provide a more continuous park-like envi¡onment 'Wascana which will strenghthen the connection between Victoria and Parks.

Therefore, this setting will create the impression that one is still in a park setting. This

is one of the principles that Thomas Mawson was trying to achieve in his masærplan

proposal.

Fig.27 Cross section showing pedestrian envi¡onment at a Cornwall Street node.

Fig. 28 Cross section of a typical street the neighborhood showing the pedestrian environment.

T}IEURBANLINK 64 5.4 The Transitional Area Border

The facades around the Transitional Area will be designed to provide a continuous

"wall" effect, defining the neighborhood from the rest of the City (Flg. 12). Apart

from the physical edges of the existing su¡rounding streets, this "wall" will be

reinforced with an identifiable boulevard tree planting, in terms of form, colour and

density (eg. Shurbert Chokecherry - red twig and red foliage), to visually distinguish

the study area. This technique will be apptied to define other components such as the

axial connections. At the pedestrian level, sidewalk paving style and colour, custom

designed light standards, and signage, will bring out the unique identity of the Transition Area.

The empty lots around the neighborhood will be filled in with buildings which are

sensitive and complementary to the existing character, or will be infitled with a bosque

of treesto provide acontinuous "wall" to the sfreet. The streets and avenues running

through the neighborhood will be the connections from the Transitional Area to the rest

of the City through the "perforations" in the "wall". The connections being the north-

south and east-west cross roads to the adjacent neighborhoods of the City, hence

expanding the ordering principle and design guidelines est¿blished in the Transitional

Areainto the other neighborhoods. This attitude will eventually convert the greater

portion of the City of Regina into a garden city. This "blue skying" idea can be

achieved in part through support from the proper political and financial channels.

THEURBANLINK 65 F{ E o o f----lE -iî-E oooor@ È a) mrutrL-{ ffirüiltr +ffi ¡d,'o¡$ -l I EçIDNEÚOo E a ,Ð [tr]o ÉOU èN E f-.nl trl fiä3*H*o ;,ifoTÏ 0 e" fn-l 0ú \---L-Jf----\_¡f---r--ì Ël-tlo ¿ HEiru#dËH,Eî tr F¡ùE{ n cl U l-tfF-i\ Yr ! Ë'Æ t]xnnr [4T-n D#Ë,Hno5'ffiH:f,åE H nfr!¡ nt ¡¡[ ¡ËtrJi ! gæ pE Etqg D JD rul üo m! d c:h["uEg* ¡daåt qE[ É ft[ [ mÇ EËn-r- - gvl 1og.*] fúSg,ow ! ogpffi rJm ¡ ütr rËË så¡ ffiËfr naæm¡m dffid trtrr E !r tr=cft !E u üt"Ëffiflffi,##fr? çrE Ftr EflrD ufl 'fln= Df,iln Ë: Ðn '-TS,o! $-rmg.{oqooP -JÐ &c*= [¡¡"nE "lu" 6"C CODVCLUS]IOD$

The design guidelines proposed in this practicum introduce elements to develop a basic

framework to strengthen the existing pedestrian and vehicular circulation network

system within the Transitional Area. The axes discussed symbolically and physically

emphasize the north-south connections between the Central Business District and

Wascana Park. It is inænded that all streets and avenues continue to carry the

pedestrian and vehicular flow within and through the neighborhood as they presently

do. With the adaptation of these design guidelines, a series of unique streetscapes can

be developed, streetscapes which create safe and climactically comforøble

environments for pedestrians.

It is anticipated that these proposed developments will eventually extend through the

entire neighborhood, thus resulting in an improved pedestrian oriented environment for

the Transitional Area. The eventual outcome will be an interweaving of the entire

community,creating a precinct with its own identity. The key foci established in this

neighborhood will be highlighted by the different uses of the design components

prograrnmed for this site. These components include a selected list of tree species and

the rhythm of the plantings, paving materials and patterns, and the existing urban

fabric. The unique identity of the neighborhood will be enhanced by the use of a family

of simila¡ elements, including street furniture and brick paved pedestrian walkways.

Finally, the dense planting pattern in the Transitional Area will provide a park-like

setting for residents of the neighborhood, while offering a continuous connection

between Wascana and Victoria Parks through the neighborhood. As a result, the park-

like setting proposed by Thomas Mawson in his masterplan will be achieved through

T}IEURBANLINK 66 I

this design. This satisfies the requirement for a more pedestrian oriented connection

betweentheparkland and the built urban envi¡onment, enhancing the unique cha¡acter

of this historic neighborhood.

In the process of developing this neighborhood connection, and through it, the

revitalization of the Transitional Area, some of the design components from the

Mawson plan have been infroduced in this proposal. It is a necessity to bring back

portions of this historic design and physically implement them as part of the

Transitional Area neighborhood in order to maintain a historical connection to the

principles in the Mawson masterplan for the City of Regina. This is an important

process, both to recognize the history of the area, and as an opportunity to utilize the

design principles put forward by one of the great pioneers of the landscape architecture profession.

! It has become apparent that a set of urban design guidelines should be developed from

this practicum, guidelines which would address the issues discussed and positively

direct the future growth of the City. Further evolution and changes within the

TransitionalArea,asin the City of Regina generally, is a reality. This can, however,

be contolled by means of historical preservation measures, sensitive planning policies,

and the mandatory environmental assessment of each proposed development.

THE URBAN LINK 67 6"tr F'URTITER STT]DIES

The components of this proposal have the potential to be developed and refined further.

Suggested further studies includes; evaluation of the land use economics/marketability

of the neighborhood, political implications of change, the realistic co-relation between

the proposals and the existing fabric, and the impact of proposed interventions on the

visual identities and viability of theArea.

A valuable set of urban design and planning guidelines and policies may also be

formulated to assisl in the sound development growth of the City which, at the same

time, ensuring that growth is responsive to the natural environment and economically

viable for the residents and the City.

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tHl 0 25 50 100M. HERITAGE BUS (outbound) r[] l--l ,m !tIT ffi !!!! !f !! !!,l! il T mr!T m m [-lt [] E4

ffifÌoo'ô CITY tsUS ROUTE #4 il_thEÊn (FFE EHn po .qþ =ilD¡ =trU. gnohø',i[*offi !.i,#ü% oh " F nflq åfl ¡cf åffifr-+'J-#'im-in I E! ilFqrúil n! ff Hffi U!ffiH Ð:lum n m 9- ffin Efodå,,laü ffi'fio"' thñ !u 0É D{E FTT üril [[ I lJioitr ilffi[q=r qE nD ¡û [T] ilt E cÐ û-o"flou¡ l-¡d c ffin ru lntr Dn !Bffi og ÇqT,g";9 tr¡ E Wrr ,o"nA-U F-l¡ DDE F¿cr ëiËffit ",iinï[rr ßqå ã nilÏTt l-l o r Ft I n5\ NEU EJI &snub " t c tr f-rl_l 0q n_jÇl strr"q-crlhin[ ffimil ilÐF E m H ¡ lnLJ ffi Jaídorí,* frË Ët 0 ,m[ ÈA3 sD Se !Æ"1 L'-J fl¡_¡ TI E mt [_lq tr"ó-atU'60 n hn [Hhnd lJ *t:a 0[3Tir []{o € R=og."t flffiFms= dfl]t trtrf,[l FLT_] l.-'.¡ q @Foo mt L---rJ ,) ðE çff---.l 0o c=o tsIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

J. H. Archer. Saskatchewan A History. Westem Producer Prairie Books, Saskatchewan,

1980. ;, H. Arnold. Trees in urban Design. van Nostrand Rein-hold co., New yorþ 19g0.

E. Bacon. Designof Cities. The Viking Press, New yorþ 1974.

Leonardo Benevolo. The History of the Citv. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MfT Press,

1980.

DieterBoeming. PedestrianAreas+DesignElements. Karl Kramer Verlag, Stuttgar! lgg2. l

Design council streetsAhead. whitney Library of Design, New yorþ Lg7g.

D. Gosling & B. Maitland. Concepts of Urban Design. Academy Editions, SL Martin's

J. Press, New Yorþ 1984.

R. Krier. Urban Space. Rizzoli, New Yorþ Lg7g. l K. Lynch & G. Hack. SitePlannine. MIT press, England, 19g5.

T. H. Mawson. CivicAr[. London,1910.

T. H. Mawson. TheLifeandWorkofAnEnslishLandsca;eArchiæcl London, IgZ7.

A.E'J. Morris. History of urban Forrn- A Halsted press Booþ N. y., 1979

w. A. Riddell. Regina frorn Pile o'Bones to oueen citv of the plains. windsor

Publications Ltd., Ontario, 1981.

PUBLICATIONS:

Architects in Association. wctoriaParkconceptualMasterplnn , Regina, Lgg7.

A¡chitects in Associat io¡. Wctoria Park Upgrading Sndy, A Report Documenting The History of The Parlç April ó, tggl. Architects in Associati on- Victoria Park Upgrading Study, A Report Documenting The

Horticultural Condition of the Parþ May 28, Lg87.

Amott MacPhail Associates tø. Concept Smdyfor the Transitional Area, Reginn, :t 1982.

R. du Toit. WascanaCente: l9S2MasterPlnn , June 29, 1983.

J. W. Long. Five Year Master PIan Review ofWascana Centre, February, L973.

J. W. Long . Five Year Master Plan Review of Wascana Centre , Decembe r, L978.

T. H. Mawson and Sons. REGIN,,4 , A Preliminary Report on the Development of the City , L912.

Parks and Recreation Departm ent. Open Space Manngement Strategy Phase 1, City of

Regina, 1987.

Planning Department. Bicycle Transportation in Downtown Regína, City of Regina,

Lg82. ;

R. Rees. Wascana C entre : aM etaphorþr P rairie SetÍlem ent, I ourîal of Garden

History, Vol. 3, No. 3, 1983.

Sankey PartnershipArchitects &ArnottMacPhailAssoc. Ltd. DowntownPedestri.an

Concept Study, Regina" 1983.

Minoru Yamasaki and Thomas Church. Report on Wascana Centre, January, L962.

ARTICLES:

Demetri Porphyrios . LEON KRIER, Houses, Palaces, Cities, ArchitecturalDesign54

718-1984. ,,

Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporatio4 SitePlanningCriteria, C.M.H.C. Lg8Z.