The Theory of Evolution & Intelligent Design Around 1800
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Piyasa Meydan Muharebesi Kaç Gün Sürer?
Ve huzurlarınızda KETÖ! zun süredir fısıltı halinde duğu, ülkenin tren kazasıyla il- U dolaşan ve “Sıra onlara gili soru sorma ihtimallerinin da gelecek” listesinde yukarı- belirdiği bir zamanda. Moda larda olan kitleden biriydi Ad- tabirle, zamanlaması mani- nan Hoca ve Kedicikleri… Dün dar bir operasyondu yapılan. sürpriz bir operasyon ile Adnan Ki Cem Küçük gibi iktidar tetik- Hoca ve grubuna bağlı 235 kişi çilerinin “bir süre ortalıklarda gözaltına alındı. Tam da dola- görünme” talimatını yerine ge- rın fırladığı, borsanın dibe vur- tirmişti. NACI KARADAĞ’IN YORUMU 7’DE Sıcağa çarpılmayın! ARKA SAYFA’DA GÜNLÜK E-GAZETE — SAYI: 536 12 TEMMUZ 2018 PERŞEMBE WWW.TR724.COM — @TR724COM Unutulan sistem Catenaccio yeniden mi doğuyor! HASAN CÜCÜK’ÜN HABER YORUMU 14’TE Piyasa Meydan Muharebesi kaç gün sürer? ürkiye ekonomi cephesinde kriz- laşılmaya başlandı. Yasama, yürütme “Doları kimin yükselttiğini biliyoruz, T den çıkmak için son fırsatı 24 ve yargı artık Erdoğan’ın iki dudağı- hesabını verecekler.” ültimatomu ile Haziran 2018 Pazar günü heba etti. nın arasında. Erdoğan kararname muharebenin koordinatları hakkın- Aile şirketi gibi idare etme vekâletini ile devleti kendi tasavvur ettiği çiz- da hayli ipucu vermişti. Erdoğan ken- seçimde Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi giye çekiyor. AKP mahallesinde bile, disini başkomutan olarak görebilir. (AKP) lideri Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’a “Bu kadarı da ayıp. O kadar yetişmiş Amma velakin yatırımcı kurşun as- veren 26 milyon kişi (yüzde 52) irtifa insan varken Hazine’nin anahtarını ker ne de piyasa muharebe yapıla- kaybeden uçağın sert iniş yapmasını damada vermenin müdafaa edilecek cak bir meydanıdır. “İlle de çarpışaca- tercih etti. Piyasa Erdoğan’ın başkan bir tarafı yok.” sesleri yükseliyor. -
Argumentation and Fallacies in Creationist Writings Against Evolutionary Theory Petteri Nieminen1,2* and Anne-Mari Mustonen1
Nieminen and Mustonen Evolution: Education and Outreach 2014, 7:11 http://www.evolution-outreach.com/content/7/1/11 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Argumentation and fallacies in creationist writings against evolutionary theory Petteri Nieminen1,2* and Anne-Mari Mustonen1 Abstract Background: The creationist–evolutionist conflict is perhaps the most significant example of a debate about a well-supported scientific theory not readily accepted by the public. Methods: We analyzed creationist texts according to type (young earth creationism, old earth creationism or intelligent design) and context (with or without discussion of “scientific” data). Results: The analysis revealed numerous fallacies including the direct ad hominem—portraying evolutionists as racists, unreliable or gullible—and the indirect ad hominem, where evolutionists are accused of breaking the rules of debate that they themselves have dictated. Poisoning the well fallacy stated that evolutionists would not consider supernatural explanations in any situation due to their pre-existing refusal of theism. Appeals to consequences and guilt by association linked evolutionary theory to atrocities, and slippery slopes to abortion, euthanasia and genocide. False dilemmas, hasty generalizations and straw man fallacies were also common. The prevalence of these fallacies was equal in young earth creationism and intelligent design/old earth creationism. The direct and indirect ad hominem were also prevalent in pro-evolutionary texts. Conclusions: While the fallacious arguments are irrelevant when discussing evolutionary theory from the scientific point of view, they can be effective for the reception of creationist claims, especially if the audience has biases. Thus, the recognition of these fallacies and their dismissal as irrelevant should be accompanied by attempts to avoid counter-fallacies and by the recognition of the context, in which the fallacies are presented. -
A Timeline of Significant Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy
SpecialSpecial PublicationsPublications MuseumMuseum ofof TexasTexas TechTech UniversityUniversity NumberNumber xx66 21 Novemberxx XXXX 20102017 A Timeline of SignificantTitle Events in the Development of North American Mammalogy Molecular Biology Structural Biology Biochemistry Microbiology Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Computer Science Statistics Physical Chemistry Information Technology Mathematics David J. Schmidly, Robert D. Bradley, Lisa C. Bradley, and Richard D. Stevens Front cover: This figure depicts a chronological presentation of some of the significant events, technological breakthroughs, and iconic personalities in the history of North American mammalogy. Red lines and arrows depict the chronological flow (i.e., top row – read left to right, middle row – read right to left, and third row – read left to right). See text and tables for expanded interpretation of the importance of each person or event. Top row: The first three panels (from left) are associated with the time period entitled “The Emergence Phase (16th‒18th Centuries)” – Mark Catesby’s 1748 map of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, Thomas Jefferson, and Charles Willson Peale; the next two panels represent “The Discovery Phase (19th Century)” – Spencer Fullerton Baird and C. Hart Merriam. Middle row: The first two panels (from right) represent “The Natural History Phase (1901‒1960)” – Joseph Grinnell and E. Raymond Hall; the next three panels (from right) depict “The Theoretical and Technological Phase (1961‒2000)” – illustration of Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson’s theory of island biogeography, karyogram depicting g-banded chromosomes, and photograph of electrophoretic mobility of proteins from an allozyme analysis. Bottom row: These four panels (from left) represent the “Big Data Phase (2001‒present)” – chromatogram illustrating a DNA sequence, bioinformatics and computational biology, phylogenetic tree of mammals, and storage banks for a supercomputer. -
Karl Jordan: a Life in Systematics
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Kristin Renee Johnson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History of SciencePresented on July 21, 2003. Title: Karl Jordan: A Life in Systematics Abstract approved: Paul Lawrence Farber Karl Jordan (1861-1959) was an extraordinarily productive entomologist who influenced the development of systematics, entomology, and naturalists' theoretical framework as well as their practice. He has been a figure in existing accounts of the naturalist tradition between 1890 and 1940 that have defended the relative contribution of naturalists to the modem evolutionary synthesis. These accounts, while useful, have primarily examined the natural history of the period in view of how it led to developments in the 193 Os and 40s, removing pre-Synthesis naturalists like Jordan from their research programs, institutional contexts, and disciplinary homes, for the sake of synthesis narratives. This dissertation redresses this picture by examining a naturalist, who, although often cited as important in the synthesis, is more accurately viewed as a man working on the problems of an earlier period. This study examines the specific problems that concerned Jordan, as well as the dynamic institutional, international, theoretical and methodological context of entomology and natural history during his lifetime. It focuses upon how the context in which natural history has been done changed greatly during Jordan's life time, and discusses the role of these changes in both placing naturalists on the defensive among an array of new disciplines and attitudes in science, and providing them with new tools and justifications for doing natural history. One of the primary intents of this study is to demonstrate the many different motives and conditions through which naturalists came to and worked in natural history. -
The 2 Fundamental Questions: Linneaus and Kirchner
2/1/2011 The 2 fundamental questions: y Has evolution taken pp,lace, and if so, what is the Section 4 evidence? Professor Donald McFarlane y If evolution has taken place, what is the mechanism by which it works? Lecture 2 Evolutionary Ideas Evidence for evolution before Darwin Golden Age of Exploration y Magellan’s voyage –1519 y John Ray –University of y Antonius von Leeuwenhoek ‐ microbes –1683 Cambridge (England) y “Catalog of Cambridge Plants” – 1660 –lists 626 species y 1686 –John Ray listing thousands of plant species! y In 1678, Francis Willoughby publishes “Ornithology” Linneaus and Kirchner Athenasius Kircher ~ 1675 –Noah’s ark Carl Linneaus – Sistema Naturae ‐ 1735 Ark too small!! Uses a ‘phenetic” classification – implies a phylogenetic relationship! 300 x 50 x 30 cubits ~ 135 x 20 x 13 m 1 2/1/2011 y Georges Cuvier 1769‐ 1832 y “Fixity of Species” Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 • Enormous diversity of life –WHY ??? JBS Haldane " The Creator, if He exists, has "an inordinate fondness for beetles" ". Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 y The discovery of variation. y Comparative Anatomy. Pentadactyl limbs Evidence for Evolution –prior to Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 1830 y Fossils – homologies with living species y Vestigal structures Pentadactyl limbs !! 2 2/1/2011 Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 Evidence for Evolution –prior to 1830 y Invariance of the fossil sequence y Plant and animal breeding JBS Haldane: “I will give up my belief in evolution if someone finds a fossil rabbit in the Precambrian.” Charles Darwin Jean Baptiste Lamark y 1744‐1829 y 1809 –1882 y Organisms have the ability to adapt to their y Voyage of Beagle 1831 ‐ 1836 environments over the course of their lives. -
Hutton, Kelvin, and the Great Earth Debates. • the Beginnings of Modern Geology “All Natural Processes That Affect the Earth’S Crust (Erosion, Deposition, • Ca
Chapter 1 The Science of Geology An Introduction to Geology • Geology - the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth • Physical geology - examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface • Historical geology - seeks an understanding of the origin of “If there is an interesting place you want to go, there is Earth and its development interesting geology that you can study there” through time Mersin ophiolite, (Cappadocia, Central Turkey). Turkey The Science of Geology The Science of Geology 1.3: satellite image of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. • Some historical views • Geology, people, and the environment of the Earth • Many important relationships exist between • Aristotle, 300 BC; people and the natural environment • James Ussher, ca. 1600, ‘Earth was created in Problems and issues 4004 BC;’ addressed by • Catastrophism geology include • Earth’s features formed through • Natural hazards, sudden and violent resources, world changes. ‘The Dog population growth, of and environmental Pompeii’ issues Dwelling in Goreme, Cappadocia The Science of Geology Hutton, Kelvin, and the great Earth debates. • The beginnings of modern geology “All natural processes that affect the Earth’s crust (erosion, deposition, • ca. 1780, James Huton’s volcanic eruptions, faulting, glaciation Theory of the Earth; etc.) operate with the same intensity • Uniformitarianism: “the and under the same set of physical processes that operate constraints now as in the geologic past.” today have operated in “(as to the age of Earth) we see no the past.” vestige of a beginning, no prospect of • a uniformitarian view of an end.” Earth requires a vast These points are incorrect - why? amount of time…. -
And Then God Created Kansas--The Evolution/Creationism Debate In
COMMENTS AND THEN GOD CREATED KANSAS? THE EVOLUTION/CREATIONISM DEBATE IN AMERICA'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS MARJORIE GEORGE' "For most Kansans, there really is no conflict between science and religion. Our churches have helped us search for spiritual truth, and our schools have helped us understand the natural world." -Brad Williamson, biology teacher at Olathe East High School in Olathe, Kansas.' INTRODUCTION Kansas has recently become embroiled in a fierce debate over the minds of the state's children, specifically regarding what those children will learn in their public school science classrooms. At first glance, a science curriculum does not seem like a subject of great controversy, but it continues to be one in Kansas and other communities across the country. The controversy hinges specifically on the role evolution should play in science classrooms, but also reflects the broader debate over what role schools should play in students' moral development. Today many parents are worried about sending their children to t BA. 1993, Washington University; J.D. Candidate 2001, University of Pennsylania. Thank you to Sarah Barringer Gordon for her initial advice and editorial comments, and Tracey George for her always helpful comments, as well as her thirty years of encouragement and inspiration. A very special thanks to Jonathan Petty tor alwa)s believing in me and providing unwavering support for my decision to attend law school and of my numerous pursuits during law school. Finally, thank you to all of the Penn Law Review editors for their hard work on this and every article. I Brad Williamson, I Teach, Therefore I IVor7, in Kansas, WASH. -
Chapter 8: Geologic Time
Chapter 8: Geologic Time 1. The Art of Time 2. The History of Relative Time 3. Geologic Time 4. Numerical Time 5. Rates of Change Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Geologic Time How long has this landscape looked like this? How can you tell? Will your grandchildren see this if they hike here in 80 years? The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The Art of Time How would you create a piece of art to illustrate the passage of time? How do you think the Earth itself illustrates the passage of time? What time scale is illustrated in the example above? How well does this relate to geological time/geological forces? The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time Go back to the Table of Contents Go to the next section: The History of (Relative) Time The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The History of (Relative) Time Paradigm shift: 17th century – science was a baby and geology as a discipline did not exist. Today, hypothesis testing method supports a geologic (scientific) age for the earth as opposed to a biblical age. Structures such as the oldest Egyptian pyramids (2650-2150 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (688 B.C.) fall within a historical timeline that humans can relate to, while geological events may seem to have happened before time existed! The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The History of (Relative) Time • Relative Time = which A came first, second… − Grand Canyon – B excellent model − Which do you think happened first – the The Grand Canyon – rock layers record thousands of millions of years of geologic history. -
Appendix A: Excerpts from of Pandas and People (2Nd Ed., 1993), the Published Version Used by Students
Case 4:04-cv-02688-JEJ Document 309 Filed 11/04/2005 Page 1 of 18 Appendix A: Excerpts from Of Pandas and People (2nd ed., 1993), the published version used by students, Quote A: “This book has a single goal: to present data from six areas of science that bear on the central question of biological origins. We don't propose to give final answers, nor to unveil The Truth. Our purpose, rather, is to help readers understand origins better, and to see why the data may be viewed in more than one way.” (Of Pandas and People, 2nd ed. 1993, pg. viii) Quote B: “If science is based upon experience, then science tells us the message encoded in DNA must have originated from an intelligent cause. But what kind of intelligent agent was it? On its own, science cannot answer this question; it must leave it to religion and philosophy. But that should not prevent science from acknowledging evidences for an intelligent cause origin wherever they may exist. This is no different, really, than if we discovered life did result from natural causes. We still would not know, from science, if the natural cause was all that was involved, or if the ultimate explanation was beyond nature, and using the natural cause.” (Of Pandas and People, 2nd ed., 1993, pg. 7) Quote C: “Today we recognize that appeals to intelligent design may be considered in science, as illustrated by current NASA search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Archaeology has pioneered the development of methods for distinguishing the effects of natural and intelligent causes. -
Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Washington University St. Louis: Open Scholarship Washington University Law Review Volume 83 Issue 1 2005 Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution Matthew J. Brauer Princeton University Barbara Forrest Southeastern Louisiana University Steven G. Gey Florida State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Education Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, Religion Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Matthew J. Brauer, Barbara Forrest, and Steven G. Gey, Is It Science Yet?: Intelligent Design Creationism and the Constitution, 83 WASH. U. L. Q. 1 (2005). Available at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/law_lawreview/vol83/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Washington University Law Quarterly VOLUME 83 NUMBER 1 2005 IS IT SCIENCE YET?: INTELLIGENT DESIGN CREATIONISM AND THE CONSTITUTION MATTHEW J. BRAUER BARBARA FORREST STEVEN G. GEY* TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. -
Chapter 7: the Age of Earth
Earth and Life History Ancient Carvings These beautiful formations in Paria Canyon, along the boder of Arizona and Utah, were carved by the Paria River about 5.4 million years ago. 40,000–12,000 1875 Years Ago Henry Hancock discovers that a Organisms are trapped tooth more than 23 cm long and in tar pits found at La 9 cm wide may be from a saber- Brea (Los Angeles, tooth cat; realizes the bones at California). La Brea could be ancient. A.D. 1 1750 1800 1850 1900 1795 1896 James Hutton pro- Henri Becquerel dis- poses idea that covers radioactivity of natural processes uranium salts not long forming rock layers after Wilhelm Conrad occur uniformly Roentgen discovers throughout time. the X ray in 1895. 278 (bkgd)Layne Kennedy/CORBIS, (t)Albert Copley/Visuals Unlimited, (b)American Institute of Physics/Emilio Segrè Visual Archives To learn more about geologists and paleontologists and their work, visit ca7.msscience.com. Interactive Time Line To learn more about these events and others, visit ca7.msscience.com. c. 1910–1915 1980 1990 First scientific digs of the La Luis and Walter Alvarez from UC NASA researchers Kevin Pope, Brea Tar Pits are made by Berkeley propose that an asteroid Adriana Ocampo, and Charles scientists from the Univer- crashed into Earth 65 million years Duller, identify a huge crater sity of California; about ago, causing the sudden extinction in the Yucatan, Mexico, that 170,000 fossils found. of dinosaurs and many other living they think is the site of the things. asteroid crash. 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 1913 1967 November 2002 First numeric time scale of geo- Richard Leakey finds two The National Science Founda- logic ages is proposed by skulls and uses new technol- tion launches a program, sci- Arthur Holmes of Great Britain; ogy to date objects more entists from around the world he used radioactive means to accurately; one is 195,000 will verify dates and class of measure the age of Earth years old, the oldest for a old specimens and analyze (about 4 billion years old). -
Franc-Maçonnerie, Sectes…Et Témoins De Jéhovah
Au nom de Allah le Tout Miséricordieux le Très Miséricordieux Franc-maçonnerie, Sectes…et Témoins de Jéhovah LIVRE 11 - Les Livres de Ribaat - 1er Édition 1433H / Septembre 2012 2ème Édition 1440H / Septembre 2018 SOMMAIRE ° Introduction. ° Les schismes engendrés du Diable. ° La Franc-maçonnerie mondiale. ° Les Charlatans sous couvert de piété. ° Le Mormonisme. ° Les Témoins de Jéhovah. ° Ahmed Deedat décrypte le mot « Jéhovah ». ° Débats religieux : Ribaat, les Mormons et Témoins de Jéhovah. ° Le Prophète Jésus (paix sur lui) n‟est pas une divinité IV. ° Les Livres 43 & 44. ° Conclusion. INTRODUCTION LIVRE 11 : FRANC-MAÇONNERIE, SECTES…ET TÉMOINS DE JÉHOVAH Ribaat Dans la Maison de l‟araignée surnommée « Nouvel ordre mondial », comploté durement par les chefs Jésuites/Juifs noachides au Vatican avec leurs plus serviles subordonnés, vous trouverez d‟autres sectes rapprochées à décrypter. Le bénéfice à en tirer n‟est pas de rentrer dans ces pièges d‟Iblis le djinn lapidé, mais de les désavouer et de vous éloigner d‟eux comme la peste pour votre Libération et Résistance Intellectuelle. Et dans le même temps, un retour à la prime nature dans le chemin droit de l‟adoration de votre propre Créateur Allah, le Dieu Unique. Tels sont les buts de la vie, avec une récompense et un châtiment éternel, au Jour de la Résurrection, au Jour des Comptes. Allah le Très Grand dit : « Dirige tout ton être vers la religion exclusivement [pour Allah], telle est la nature que Allah a originellement donnée aux hommes - pas de changement à la création de Allah -. Voilà la religion de droiture ; mais la plupart des gens ne savent pas.