Science Is a Study of Earth: a Resource Guide for Science Curriculum Restructure
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The Cosmic Calendar
The Cosmic Calendar Astronomers believe that the Cosmos in which the Solar System and Earth resides is about 16 billion years old. We believe the Earth is about 4.6 billion years old and base this on carbon dating of rocks both from Earth and the Moon. However, billions of years is a very hard thing to grasp! Fortunately there is a creative way to get a grasp on this kind of time and that is with the "cosmic calendar" which Carl Sagan created and popularized. We set the Big Bang on January 1st and divided the events into one year, with now being the first day of the next new year. Before you read further, take a guess at which month humans enter into the calendar! The first stars and galaxies did not begin to form until the universe had cooled and expanded. Our Milky Way galaxy comes into existence on May 1st of our calendar. Our Solar System forms September 9th and the Earth on September 14th. The "infant" Earth was a hot, molten and toxic place, nothing like the paradise we know today. As Earth cooled, the first rocks solidified on October 2nd. The oldest known fossils, nothing more complex than bacteria and bluegreen algae, appear October 9th on our cosmic calendar. These early life forms reproduced by splitting cells. Sexes did not begin as a means of reproduction until about November first. The most basic plants which used photosynthesis to get energy, appear on November 12th. The first cells with nuclei, eukaryotes, appear on November 15th, and begin to flourish immediately. -
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C
Imagining Outer Space Also by Alexander C. T. Geppert FLEETING CITIES Imperial Expositions in Fin-de-Siècle Europe Co-Edited EUROPEAN EGO-HISTORIES Historiography and the Self, 1970–2000 ORTE DES OKKULTEN ESPOSIZIONI IN EUROPA TRA OTTO E NOVECENTO Spazi, organizzazione, rappresentazioni ORTSGESPRÄCHE Raum und Kommunikation im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert NEW DANGEROUS LIAISONS Discourses on Europe and Love in the Twentieth Century WUNDER Poetik und Politik des Staunens im 20. Jahrhundert Imagining Outer Space European Astroculture in the Twentieth Century Edited by Alexander C. T. Geppert Emmy Noether Research Group Director Freie Universität Berlin Editorial matter, selection and introduction © Alexander C. T. Geppert 2012 Chapter 6 (by Michael J. Neufeld) © the Smithsonian Institution 2012 All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2012 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. -
Artificial Intelligence, Counseling, and Cognitive Psychology
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 376 423 CG 025 844 AUTHOR Brack, Greg; And Others TITLE Artificial Intelligence, Counseling, and Cognitive Psychology. PUB DATE Apr 94 NOTE 38p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (New Orleans, LA, April 4-8, 1994). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) Information Analyses (070) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Artificial Intelligence; Cognitive Processes; *Cognitive Psychology; Computers; *Computer Simulation; *Counseling; *Counselors; Epistemology; Heuristics; Learning Processes; Logical Thinking; Simulated Environment; *Simulation ABSTRACT With the exception of a few key writers, counselors largely ignore the benefits that Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cognitive Psychology (CP) can bring to counseling. It is demonstrated that AI and CP can be integrated into the counseling literature. How AI and CP can offer new perspectives on information processing, cognition, and helping is focused upon. Some of the various computer simulations developed by the authors along with those programs available from software publishers, are reviewed. Such programscan provide a potent means of simulating various counseling related systems. Besides providing insights into clinical practice, such simulations can offer training and supervision experiences into CP studies of systems theory, emergent properties, and emotions. The rapid evolvement of AI and CP in the last few years means that the only major barrier to opening these fields to counseling applications is ignorance of their applicability and their availability. These technologies allow counselors to experience more empirical thought experimenting environments so that therapists can test these simulations against the real world of counseling. While these technologies will never replace more traditional research paradigms, they can become an invaluable adjunctive teaching and research tool for counseling professionals. -
Lecture 2: Cosmic Calendar Lecture 3
LLeeccttuurree 11:: OOuurr CCoossmmiicc AAddddrreessss Local supercluster SCI 199Y second term: Local group 60 million Milky Way galaxycontains Astronomy @ the Frontiers light-years ~100 billion stars 14 billion 2.5 million 28,000 light-years light-years light-years Universe contains Prof. Yanqin Wu ~100 billion galaxies Earth Solar system (not to scale) 1) Review last term and connection to this term 0.04 light-seconds 2) technical details 8 light-minutes 3) Measuring distances – the universe is expanding! LLeeccttuurree 22:: CCoossmmiicc CCaalleennddaarr LLeeccttuurree 33:: TThhee January February March April SScciieennccee ooff 1 Big Bang AAssttrroonnoommyy May June July August Loop: you can never 1 Milky Way Loop: you can never born prove a hypothesis, you can only disprove (“falsify”) it September October November December 9 Solar system 2 Oldest rocks 1 Sex invented 1 Oxygen in air A scientific statement born known 12 Oldest fossil 17 Cambrian is falsifiable. 14 Earth forms 9 Oldest fossils plant 27 Jurassic 25 First life on (bacteria/blue- 15 Eukaryotes 30 Dinos extinct Earth? green algae) flourish 31 ... Next slide n o o M e h t f o s Seasons e s a h P LLaawwss ooff GGrraavviittyy LIGHT: wave/particle M M F =G 1 2 g d 2 M 1 M 2 d 2M2 2d wavelength energy Spectrum TTeelleessccooppeess Atmosphere not transparent at all wavelengths; for all but visible and radio, need to go up! e IInstantnstant QQuuiziz:: e r WhWhaatt keekeeppss tthehe SuSunn shshiningining?? r u u t t a a r r On fire? 1 hand up r On fire? 1 hand up r e e Too little -
Hutton, Kelvin, and the Great Earth Debates. • the Beginnings of Modern Geology “All Natural Processes That Affect the Earth’S Crust (Erosion, Deposition, • Ca
Chapter 1 The Science of Geology An Introduction to Geology • Geology - the science that pursues an understanding of planet Earth • Physical geology - examines the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface • Historical geology - seeks an understanding of the origin of “If there is an interesting place you want to go, there is Earth and its development interesting geology that you can study there” through time Mersin ophiolite, (Cappadocia, Central Turkey). Turkey The Science of Geology The Science of Geology 1.3: satellite image of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. • Some historical views • Geology, people, and the environment of the Earth • Many important relationships exist between • Aristotle, 300 BC; people and the natural environment • James Ussher, ca. 1600, ‘Earth was created in Problems and issues 4004 BC;’ addressed by • Catastrophism geology include • Earth’s features formed through • Natural hazards, sudden and violent resources, world changes. ‘The Dog population growth, of and environmental Pompeii’ issues Dwelling in Goreme, Cappadocia The Science of Geology Hutton, Kelvin, and the great Earth debates. • The beginnings of modern geology “All natural processes that affect the Earth’s crust (erosion, deposition, • ca. 1780, James Huton’s volcanic eruptions, faulting, glaciation Theory of the Earth; etc.) operate with the same intensity • Uniformitarianism: “the and under the same set of physical processes that operate constraints now as in the geologic past.” today have operated in “(as to the age of Earth) we see no the past.” vestige of a beginning, no prospect of • a uniformitarian view of an end.” Earth requires a vast These points are incorrect - why? amount of time…. -
DEEP FUTURE of BIG HISTORY: Cultural Evolution, Technoculture, and Omega Civilization
DEEP FUTURE of BIG HISTORY: Cultural Evolution, Technoculture, and Omega Civilization Cadell Last Global Brain Institute Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels) http://cadelllast.com [email protected] (v1.3., September 22, 2014) ABSTRACT: The study of big history attempts to identify major trends and processes throughout the development and evolution of the local universe. Big history has allowed for the integration of many disparate academic subjects, revealing a science and art of studying the emergence of complexity, the relation between evolutionary processes, and the cosmic context of the human experience. Current big historical data and theory identifies “Three Eras” of ordered and organizing complexity regimes: Physical, Biological, and Cultural Eras. These Eras change as a consequence of “Three Evolutionary Processes”: Physical, Biological, and Cultural Evolution. Contemporary science has developed the necessary tools to extrapolate and make predictions about the future of both the Physical and Biological Eras of evolution, but the potential future of the Cultural Era of evolution remains mysterious, yet intriguing. Cosmological theory predicts that all Eras will eventually end in thermodynamic equilibrium, or “heat death”. However, throughout the history of the cosmos, complexity and order have steadily increased in our local region of the universe, drifting further and further from simplicity and thermodynamic equilibrium in the process. Physical systems achieve higher order through gravitationally influenced energy flows; and living systems achieve higher organization through an information-based regulation of energy flows. Both processes contribute to the cosmic evolutionary trends of increased material integration, variation, and space-time compression. Cosmic evolution is fundamentally unified throughout this complexification process, manifesting as physicochemical, biochemical, and biocultural evolution, respectively. -
Chapter 8: Geologic Time
Chapter 8: Geologic Time 1. The Art of Time 2. The History of Relative Time 3. Geologic Time 4. Numerical Time 5. Rates of Change Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Geologic Time How long has this landscape looked like this? How can you tell? Will your grandchildren see this if they hike here in 80 years? The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The Art of Time How would you create a piece of art to illustrate the passage of time? How do you think the Earth itself illustrates the passage of time? What time scale is illustrated in the example above? How well does this relate to geological time/geological forces? The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time Go back to the Table of Contents Go to the next section: The History of (Relative) Time The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The History of (Relative) Time Paradigm shift: 17th century – science was a baby and geology as a discipline did not exist. Today, hypothesis testing method supports a geologic (scientific) age for the earth as opposed to a biblical age. Structures such as the oldest Egyptian pyramids (2650-2150 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (688 B.C.) fall within a historical timeline that humans can relate to, while geological events may seem to have happened before time existed! The Good Earth/Chapter 8: Geologic Time The History of (Relative) Time • Relative Time = which A came first, second… − Grand Canyon – B excellent model − Which do you think happened first – the The Grand Canyon – rock layers record thousands of millions of years of geologic history. -
Chapter 7: the Age of Earth
Earth and Life History Ancient Carvings These beautiful formations in Paria Canyon, along the boder of Arizona and Utah, were carved by the Paria River about 5.4 million years ago. 40,000–12,000 1875 Years Ago Henry Hancock discovers that a Organisms are trapped tooth more than 23 cm long and in tar pits found at La 9 cm wide may be from a saber- Brea (Los Angeles, tooth cat; realizes the bones at California). La Brea could be ancient. A.D. 1 1750 1800 1850 1900 1795 1896 James Hutton pro- Henri Becquerel dis- poses idea that covers radioactivity of natural processes uranium salts not long forming rock layers after Wilhelm Conrad occur uniformly Roentgen discovers throughout time. the X ray in 1895. 278 (bkgd)Layne Kennedy/CORBIS, (t)Albert Copley/Visuals Unlimited, (b)American Institute of Physics/Emilio Segrè Visual Archives To learn more about geologists and paleontologists and their work, visit ca7.msscience.com. Interactive Time Line To learn more about these events and others, visit ca7.msscience.com. c. 1910–1915 1980 1990 First scientific digs of the La Luis and Walter Alvarez from UC NASA researchers Kevin Pope, Brea Tar Pits are made by Berkeley propose that an asteroid Adriana Ocampo, and Charles scientists from the Univer- crashed into Earth 65 million years Duller, identify a huge crater sity of California; about ago, causing the sudden extinction in the Yucatan, Mexico, that 170,000 fossils found. of dinosaurs and many other living they think is the site of the things. asteroid crash. 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 1913 1967 November 2002 First numeric time scale of geo- Richard Leakey finds two The National Science Founda- logic ages is proposed by skulls and uses new technol- tion launches a program, sci- Arthur Holmes of Great Britain; ogy to date objects more entists from around the world he used radioactive means to accurately; one is 195,000 will verify dates and class of measure the age of Earth years old, the oldest for a old specimens and analyze (about 4 billion years old). -
Simcity Creator Ds Instruction Manual
Simcity Creator Ds Instruction Manual This was remade as SimCity DS. SimCity 4 (2003) was the second Notable for coming with a Doorstopper of an instruction manual. SimLife: SimCity meets. Log In needed · $10 · Sonic Chronicles - Nintendo DS Sim City Creator for Nintendo DS, in plastic case. Comes in original case with the instruction booklet. SimCity BuildIt is a spin-off game of the SimCity series for iOS and Android released.. Animal Crossing DS Game in great condition, the memory has been cleaned and comes with instruction booklet. Please Let's Go To The City Bratz The Movie High School Musical 3 Senior Year Dance Sim City Creator. SimCity is a city-building simulation game released in 1989 and designed by eventual Sims creator Will Wright. SimCity, being Maxis' first game and originally. Item, Photo, Description, Bids, High Bidder, Current Amount. Simcity Creator Ds Instruction Manual Read/Download Wii U · Nintendo 3DS · Wii · Nintendo DS · Contact Us · Repair Help Health & Safety Precautions Manual · Product Manuals · Privacy Notice · Terms of Use. SimCity Creator, SimCity Societies, SimCity Societies - Destinations, Skate 2, Skate Electronic Arts will mail a replacement Recording Medium and/or Manual to you. will need to follow the instructions for returns after the 90-day warranty period. Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo Wii, Nintendo DS, or Sony PlayStation. Find Super Mario in Nintendo DS / Buy or sell new or used video games & consoles in Cases and instructions included. of destruction $5 Sim city creator $15 Mario kart $25 Mario Party DS $25 Kirby super star ultra $35 Open to multi-item offers. -
Third Person : Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives / Edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin
ThirdPerson Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 8 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email [email protected]. This book was set in Adobe Chapparal and ITC Officina on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Third person : authoring and exploring vast narratives / edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-23263-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Electronic games. 2. Mass media. 3. Popular culture. 4. Fiction. I. Harrigan, Pat. II. Wardrip-Fruin, Noah. GV1469.15.T48 2009 794.8—dc22 2008029409 10987654321 Index American Letters Trilogy, The (Grossman), 193, 198 Index Andersen, Hans Christian, 362 Anderson, Kevin J., 27 A Anderson, Poul, 31 Abbey, Lynn, 31 Andrae, Thomas, 309 Abell, A. S., 53 Andrews, Sara, 400–402 Absent epic, 334–336 Andriola, Alfred, 270 Abu Ghraib, 345, 352 Andru, Ross, 276 Accursed Civil War, This (Hull), 364 Angelides, Peter, 33 Ace, 21, 33 Angel (TV show), 4–5, 314 Aces Abroad (Mila´n), 32 Animals, The (Grossman), 205 Action Comics, 279 Aparo, Jim, 279 Adams, Douglas, 21–22 Aperture, 140–141 Adams, Neal, 281 Appeal, 135–136 Advanced Squad Leader (game), 362, 365–367 Appendixes (Grossman), 204–205 Afghanistan, 345 Apple II, 377 AFK Pl@yers, 422 Appolinaire, Guillaume, 217 African Americans Aquaman, 306 Black Lightning and, 275–284 Arachne, 385, 396 Black Power and, 283 Archival production, 419–421 Justice League of America and, 277 Aristotle, 399 Mr. -
Cosmos: a Spacetime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based On
Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) Episode Scripts Based on Cosmos: A Personal Voyage by Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan & Steven Soter Directed by Brannon Braga, Bill Pope & Ann Druyan Presented by Neil deGrasse Tyson Composer(s) Alan Silvestri Country of origin United States Original language(s) English No. of episodes 13 (List of episodes) 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way 2 - Some of the Things That Molecules Do 3 - When Knowledge Conquered Fear 4 - A Sky Full of Ghosts 5 - Hiding In The Light 6 - Deeper, Deeper, Deeper Still 7 - The Clean Room 8 - Sisters of the Sun 9 - The Lost Worlds of Planet Earth 10 - The Electric Boy 11 - The Immortals 12 - The World Set Free 13 - Unafraid Of The Dark 1 - Standing Up in the Milky Way The cosmos is all there is, or ever was, or ever will be. Come with me. A generation ago, the astronomer Carl Sagan stood here and launched hundreds of millions of us on a great adventure: the exploration of the universe revealed by science. It's time to get going again. We're about to begin a journey that will take us from the infinitesimal to the infinite, from the dawn of time to the distant future. We'll explore galaxies and suns and worlds, surf the gravity waves of space-time, encounter beings that live in fire and ice, explore the planets of stars that never die, discover atoms as massive as suns and universes smaller than atoms. Cosmos is also a story about us. It's the saga of how wandering bands of hunters and gatherers found their way to the stars, one adventure with many heroes. -
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella NASA SP-2009-4802 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors. p. cm. -- (NASA SP ; 4802) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Cosmology--History. 2. Astronomy--History. 3. Culture--Origin. 4. Social evolution. 5. Human evolution. I. Dick, Steven J. II. Lupisella, Mark. QB981.C8263 2009 523.109--dc22 2009004348 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 Table of Contents Introduction – Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella v Part 1: The Cosmic Context Chapter 1 – Eric J. Chaisson Cosmic Evolution State of the Science 3 Chapter 2 – Steven J. Dick Cosmic Evolution History, Culture, and Human Destiny 25 Part 2: Cultural Evolution Chapter 3 – Kathryn Denning Social Evolution State of the Field 63 Chapter 4 – Daniel C. Dennett The Evolution of Culture 125 Chapter 5 – Howard Bloom The Big Burp and the Multiplanetary Mandate 145 Chapter 6 – John M.