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Dissertation JIAN 2016 Final
The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2016 Reading Committee: Laada Bilaniuk, Chair Ann Anagnost, Chair Stevan Harrell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology © Copyright 2016 Ge Jian University of Washington Abstract The Impact of Global English in Xinjiang, China: Linguistic Capital and Identity Negotiation among the Ethnic Minority and Han Chinese Students Ge Jian Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Laada Bilaniuk Professor Ann Anagnost Department of Anthropology My dissertation is an ethnographic study of the language politics and practices of college- age English language learners in Xinjiang at the historical juncture of China’s capitalist development. In Xinjiang the international lingua franca English, the national official language Mandarin Chinese, and major Turkic languages such as Uyghur and Kazakh interact and compete for linguistic prestige in different social scenarios. The power relations between the Turkic languages, including the Uyghur language, and Mandarin Chinese is one in which minority languages are surrounded by a dominant state language supported through various institutions such as school and mass media. The much greater symbolic capital that the “legitimate language” Mandarin Chinese carries enables its native speakers to have easier access than the native Turkic speakers to jobs in the labor market. Therefore, many Uyghur parents face the dilemma of choosing between maintaining their cultural and linguistic identity and making their children more socioeconomically mobile. The entry of the global language English and the recent capitalist development in China has led to English education becoming market-oriented and commodified, which has further complicated the linguistic picture in Xinjiang. -
Comprehensive Encirclement
COMPREHENSIVE ENCIRCLEMENT: THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY’S STRATEGY IN XINJIANG GARTH FALLON A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences International and Political Studies July 2018 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: FALLON First name: Garth Other name/s: Nil Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: MPhil School: Humanitiesand Social Sciences Faculty: UNSW Canberraat ADFA Title: Comprehensive encirclement: the Chinese Communist Party's strategy in Xinjiang Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASETYPE) This thesis argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has a strategy for securing Xinjiang - its far-flung predominantly Muslim most north-western province - through a planned program of Sinicisation. Securing Xinjiang would turna weakly defended 'back door' to China into a strategic strongpointfrom which Beijing canproject influence into Central Asia. The CCP's strategy is to comprehensively encircle Xinjiang with Han people and institutions, a Han dominated economy, and supporting infrastructure emanatingfrom inner China A successful program of Sinicisation would transform Xinjiang from a Turkic-language-speaking, largely Muslim, physically remote, economically under-developed region- one that is vulnerable to separation from the PRC - into one that will be substantially more culturally similar to, and physically connected with, the traditional Han-dominated heartland of inner China. Once achieved, complete Sinicisation would mean Xinjiang would be extremely difficult to separate from China. In Xinjiang, the CCP enacts policies in support of Sinication across all areas of statecraft. This thesis categorises these activities across three dimensions: the economic and demographic dimension, the political and cultural dimension, and the security and international cooperationdimension. -
Violent Resistance in Xinjiang (China): Tracking Militancy, Ethnic Riots and ‘Knife- Wielding’ Terrorists (1978-2012)
HAO, Núm. 30 (Invierno, 2013), 135-149 ISSN 1696-2060 VIOLENT RESISTANCE IN XINJIANG (CHINA): TRACKING MILITANCY, ETHNIC RIOTS AND ‘KNIFE- WIELDING’ TERRORISTS (1978-2012) Pablo Adriano Rodríguez1 1University of Warwick (United Kingdom) E-mail: [email protected] Recibido: 14 Octubre 2012 / Revisado: 5 Noviembre 2012 / Aceptado: 10 Enero 2013 / Publicación Online: 15 Febrero 2013 Resumen: Este artículo aborda la evolución The stability of Xinjiang, the northwestern ‘New de la resistencia violenta al régimen chino Frontier’ annexed to China under the Qing 2 en la Región Autónoma Uigur de Xinjiang dynasty and home of the Uyghur people –who mediante una revisión y análisis de la officially account for the 45% of the population naturaleza de los principales episodios in the region- is one of the pivotal targets of this expenditure focused nationwide on social unrest, violentos, en su mayoría con connotaciones but specifically aimed at crushing separatism in separatistas, que han tenido lugar allí desde this Muslim region, considered one of China’s el comienzo de la era de reforma y apertura “core interests” by the government3. chinas (1978-2012). En este sentido, sostiene que la resistencia violenta, no In Yecheng, attackers were blamed as necesariamente con motivaciones político- “terrorists” by Chinese officials and media. separatistas, ha estado presente en Xinjiang ‘Extremism, separatism and terrorism’ -as en la forma de insurgencia de baja escala, defined by the rhetoric of the Shanghai revueltas étnicas y terrorismo, y Cooperation Organization (SCO)- were invoked probablemente continúe en el futuro again as ‘evil forces’ present in Xinjiang. teniendo en cuenta las fricciones existentes Countering the Chinese official account of the events, the World Uyghur Congress (WUC), a entre la minoría étnica Uigur y las políticas Uyghur organization in the diaspora, denied the llevadas a cabo por el gobierno chino. -
Community Matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949 China Studies
Community Matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949 China Studies Published for the Institute for Chinese Studies University of Oxford Editors Glen Dudbridge Frank Pieke VOLUME 17 Community Matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949 Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur By Ildikó Bellér-Hann LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008 Cover illustration: Woman baking bread in the missionaries’ home (Box 145, sheet nr. 26. Hanna Anderssons samling). Courtesy of the National Archives of Sweden (Riksarkivet) and The Mission Covenant Church of Sweden (Svenska Missionskyrkan). This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bellér-Hann, Ildikó. Community matters in Xinjiang, 1880–1949 : towards a historical anthropology of the Uyghur / by Ildikó Bellér-Hann. p. cm — (China studies, ISSN 1570–1344 ; v. 17) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16675-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Uighur (Turkic people)—China— Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu—Social life and customs. 2. Uighur (Turkic people)—China— Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu—Religion. 3. Muslims—China—Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu. 4. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)—Social life and customs. 5. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)—Ethnic relations. 6. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China)—History—19th century. I. Title. II. Series. DS731.U4B35 2008 951’.604—dc22 2008018717 ISSN 1570-1344 ISBN 978 90 04 16675 2 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
Ethnic Minorities in Xinjiang Introduction
A ROUTLEDGE FREEBOOK Ethnic Minorities in Xinjiang Introduction 1 - Xinjiang and the dead hand of history 2 - Language, Education, and Uyghur Identity: An Introductory Essay 3 - Xinjiang from the ?Outside-in? and the ?Inside-out' 4 - Ethnic Resurgence and State Response 5 - Xinjiang and the evolution of China?s policy on terrorism: (2009-18) 6 - Conflict in Xinjiang and its resolution 7 - Reeducation Camps READ THE LATEST ON ETHNIC MINORITIES IN XINJIANG WITH THESE KEY TITLES VISIT WWW.ROUTLEDGE.COM/ ASIANSTUDIES TO BROWSE THE FULL ASIAN STUDIES COLLECTION SAVE 20% WITH DISCOUNT CODE F003 Introduction There has been significant coverage in the media in recent years on the increase of violence towards the Xinjiang Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in China. This Freebook explores how the Uyghur language, Uyghur culture, Xinjiang geopolitics and Chinese state response have all resulted in and affected the violence in Xinjiang in the Twenty-First Century. The first chapter, by Michael Dillon, gives a brief introduction to Uyghur history including an overview of Xinjiang and its location, Uyghur language and culture, the religious restrictions imposed over the years and various occasions of violence starting from the 1900s. The next chapter, by Joanne Smith and Xiaowei Zang, explores the language and education of the Xinjiang Uyghurs and how this had a direct impact on their identity. This chapter further defines ethnic identity and questions its relationship to social, cultural and religious practices. Chapter three, by Michael Clarke, delves into the problematic nature of geopolitics and explores how Beijing and the West's geopolitical perspectives have influenced and constrained the Uyghur domain. -
Alternative Report for the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights for Its Upcoming Session on the People's Republic of China
ALTERNATIVE REPORT FOR THE COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS FOR ITS UPCOMING SESSION ON THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA MARCH 2013 Adolf-Kolpingstr.9, 80336 Munich, Germany Tel: +49 89 54321999, Fax: +49 89 54349789 [email protected], www.uyghurcongress.org 1 Contents Abbreviation …........................................................................................................... p. 3 Executive Summary …................................................................................................. P. 4 Articles 1 to 5 of the Convention................................................................................ p. 5-9 Article 1 – Self-determination …................................................................ p. 5-7 Self-Identification …....................................................................... p. 6-7 Article 1(2) – Natural Resources …............................................................. p. 7-8 Article 2 - State Obligations under ICESCR …............................................. p. 8-9 Article 3 - Equal Rights of Men and Women ….......................................... p. 8-9 Article 4 - Limitations on Rights under ICESCR …....................................... p. 9 Article 5 - No Restriction or Derogation..................................................... from Fundamental Human Rights …........................................................... p. 9 Articles 6 to 15 of the Convention ............................................................................... p. -
Uighur Cultural Orientation
1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. 2 MAP OF XINJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA ............................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1 PROFILE ................................................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 6 AREA ............................................................................................................................................... 7 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES ........................................................... 7 NORTHERN HIGHLANDS .................................................................................................................. 7 JUNGGAR (DZUNGARIAN) BASIN ..................................................................................................... 8 TIEN SHAN ....................................................................................................................................... 8 TARIM BASIN ................................................................................................................................... 9 SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS .................................................................................................................. 9 CLIMATE ...................................................................................................................................... -
China's Far West: Conditions in Xinjiang One Year After
CHINA’S FAR WEST: CONDITIONS IN XINJIANG ONE YEAR AFTER DEMONSTRATIONS AND RIOTS ROUNDTABLE BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 19, 2010 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 57–904 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 17:20 Oct 27, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\57904.TXT DEIDRE C O N T E N T S Page Opening statement of Charlotte Oldham-Moore, Staff Director, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 1 Kan, Shirley A., Specialist in Asian Security Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division, Congressional Research Service ....................................... 2 Toops, Stanley W., Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Inter- national Studies Program, Miami University .................................................... 5 Richardson, Sophie, Asia Advocacy Director, Human Rights Watch .................. 8 APPENDIX PREPARED STATEMENT Toops, Stanley W. .................................................................................................... 28 SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD Prepared Statement -
CTC Sentinel 4
SEPTEMBER 2011 . VOL 4 . ISSUE 9 COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER AT WEST POINT CTC SentineL OBJECTIVE . RELEVANT . RIGOROUS Contents American Perceptions of FEATURE ARTICLE 1 American Perceptions of Terrorism Terrorism in the Post-9/11 in the Post-9/11 Decade By Paul R. Pillar Decade REPORTS By Paul R. Pillar 3 The Rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria By David Cook 5 Religious Allegiances among Pro-Iranian Special Groups in Iraq By Reidar Visser 8 AQIM Returns in Force in Northern Algeria By Andrew Lebovich 12 Violence Escalates in China’s Xinjiang Province By Jacob Zenn 15 The UK’s Efforts to Disrupt Jihadist Activity Online By Raffaello Pantucci 17 Recent Highlights in Terrorist Activity 20 CTC Sentinel Staff & Contacts he tenth anniversary of the yearning for an explanation that would 9/11 attacks has become an be too simple to be an accurate analysis occasion for reevaluating the of what has determined the amount of terrorism threat to the United terrorism directed against the United TStates. Three key questions have been States during the past decade. raised. What is the status and current strength of al-Qa`ida, the group that 9/11 was one of the most traumatic perpetrated 9/11? Have measures taken events in U.S. history. It powerfully since 9/11 made Americans any safer shaped perceptions and emotions of the About the CTC Sentinel today? Why has the United States not American public to a degree that few other The Combating Terrorism Center is an been attacked again—at least in the sense events have. -
Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror
Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2018 Reading Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Chair Ann Anagnost Stevan Harrell Danny Hoffman Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Anthropology ProQuest Number:10931877 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10931877 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ©Copyright 2018 Darren T. Byler University of Washington Abstract Spirit Breaking: Uyghur Dispossession, Culture Work and Terror Capitalism in a Chinese Global City Darren T. Byler Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Department of Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies This study argues that Uyghurs, a Turkic-Muslim group in contemporary Northwest China, and the city of Ürümchi have become the object of what the study names “terror capitalism.” This argument is supported by evidence of both the way state-directed economic investment and security infrastructures (pass-book systems, webs of technological surveillance, urban cleansing processes and mass internment camps) have shaped self-representation among Uyghur migrants and Han settlers in the city. -
Abstract Soul of the Mazar: The
ABSTRACT SOUL OF THE MAZAR: THE KHOJA AFAQ MAUSOLEUM (1600s TO THE PRESENT) AND UYGHUR COLLECTIVE MEMORY by Aaron M. Gilkison This thesis examines the history of the Khoja Afaq mausoleum located in Kashgar, Xinjiang, PRC, from the period of its construction in the middle of the 1600s to the present (2011) using varied sources, including textual sources, oral histories, and personal observations made by the author. It traces the development of the importance of the Khoja Afaq mausoleum in Uyghur collective memory and communal identity to understand the extensive changes that have occurred at the mausoleum physically and ritually since the 1970s. Contrary to much of the literature on the mausoleum, which sees changes at the site as the result of Han Chinese cultural colonization of the site and/or PRC state appropriation, this thesis illuminates the cultural agency of the Uyghurs themselves in relation to the site, giving Uyghurs a voice which would otherwise be overlooked. SOUL OF THE MAZAR: THE KHOJA AFAQ MAUSOLEUM (1600s TO THE PRESENT) AND UYGHUR COLLECTIVE MEMORY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History by Aaron M. Gilkison Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2013 Advisor____________________ (Dr. Daniel Prior) Reader_____________________ (Dr. Yihong Pan) Reader____________________ (Dr. Stanley Toops) Table of Contents Introduction 1 Historiography 5 A Focus on Nationality Unity 5 "Hanization" 8 A Touch of Uyghur Agency 11 Discussion -
China's System of Oppression in Xinjiang: How It Developed
CHINA’S SYSTEM OF OPPRESSION IN XINJIANG: HOW IT DEVELOPED AND HOW TO CURB IT JAMES MILLWARD AND DAHLIA PETERSON SEPTEMBER 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To meet these challenges and increase public aware- ness, we provide a slate of policy recommendations for Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies towards the United States, its allies, and China. These include Xinjiang have increased colonial development, further that the United States’ messaging strategy must more eroded Uyghur autonomy through force and ethnic clearly articulate the intended aims of its policy actions assimilationism, and co-opted the “Global War on on Xinjiang, including but not limited to the closure of Terror” framing to portray all Uyghur resistance as its internment camps, the reduction of surveillance, “terrorism.” Since 2016, an intensified regime of and the elimination of “pre-criminal” profiling of technologically-driven mass surveillance, internment, Xinjiang’s indigenous peoples. The Uyghur Human indoctrination, family separation, birth suppression, Rights Policy Act of 2020 and the Tariff Act of 1930 and forced labor has implicated the provinces and should be resolutely applied to address forced labor municipalities of eastern China that fund the Xinjiang and other repression. BIS and the State Department, gulag through the Pairing Assistance Program, as well along with academics, researchers, and NGOs, should as potentially thousands of Chinese and international publicly report on Chinese surveillance companies’ corporations that directly and indirectly supply and supply chains to close alternative solutions loopholes benefit from the system. and increase corporate due diligence. Candidates for the Entity List should also be informed by a public Today, more than 1,400 Chinese companies are repository of rights abuses in Xinjiang and beyond.