DOCSLIB.ORG

South Asian Border Crossings, Migration and Sex Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
South Asian Border Crossings, Migration and Sex Work Sexuality Research & Social Policy http://nsrc.sfsu.edu December 2008 Vol. 5, No. 4 South Asian Border Crossings and Sex Work: Revisiting the Question of Migration in Anti-Trafficking Interventions Svati P. Shah Abstract: Tracing the genealogy of U.S. foreign policy interests in trafficking through the first major con- temporary trafficking case in the United States, the author shows that historical concerns about pro- tecting U.S. borders form a set of principles criminalizing migrants and argues that these principles are being exported through U.S. anti-trafficking work abroad. Moving from the moment in the 1990s when a consolidated anti-trafficking agenda was being determined in the United States, the author discusses the ways in which this agenda is now potentially migrating to South Asia and, in particular, to India— albeit with some major tensions already in play. The author argues that states’ anxieties about migra- tion are themselves migrating, such that states in different regions are aiming to coordinate their responses to increased economic migration everywhere, and shows that anxieties about preventing sex work gain purchase in an international context in which migration and decriminalized borders are increasingly suspect. Key words: trafficking debate; law; India; diaspora; immigration Discourses and debates regarding the implementa- U.S. domestic policy. Using both Chapkis’s and Luibhéid’s tion of free-trade policies around the world have tended work on the relationship between anti-migrant and anti- to emphasize how these policies enable the more unfet- trafficking agendas, critiques of the conceptual and politi- tered migration of capital across international borders cal conflation of trafficking and prostitution, as well as the (Jha, 2000; Overbeek, 2002). Critics of these policies construction of innocence in these discourses offered by have tried to emphasize their human cost, especially with Chapkis and by Kamala Kempadoo and Jo Doezema (1998), respect to low-income migrants, who have more signifi- I argue that this synergy is now increasingly apparent in U.S. cantly reduced access to cross-border migration within the foreign policy as well. The focus on international security, context of neoliberalism than they did previously. At the contextualized by the so-called war on terror, has consti- same time, governmental concerns regarding human traf- tuted a foreign-policy discourse that seems to be aimed at ficking are rising, leading to further advocacy for height- heightening national border controls in countries and ened law enforcement and added border-control regions that are of strategic interest to the United States, measures, which are rationalized as protective of the rights including South Asia. Anti-trafficking initiatives under- of innocents who may be unwittingly trafficked into taken by the U.S. government abroad include both shaping prostitution. and strengthening law enforcement in allied countries In this article, I draw on the critiques of Wendy Chapkis through the dominant anti-trafficking framework. To illus- (2003) and Eithne Luibhéid (2002), who have argued that trate this trajectory, I discuss U.S. governmental interests there is a synergy, both contemporary and historical, in shaping anti-trafficking laws and policies in India. My between anti-trafficking and anti-migration discourses in argument, which stems from concerns that grew out of my Address correspondence concerning this article to Svati P. Shah, Department of Women’s Studies, Duke University, 210 East Duke Building, Box 90760, Durham, NC 27708. E-mail: [email protected] Sexuality Research & Social Policy, Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 19–30, electronic ISSN 1553-6610. © 2008 by the National Sexuality Research Center. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permissions to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintInfo.asp 19 SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY ethnographic research on sex work and migration in the city person deserves this hell. Let us break our silence. of Mumbai (Shah, in press), is based on a contextualized Let us break our tolerance to such a crime, and analysis of newspaper reportage, research conducted by strengthen the hands of those of us who are fight- academics and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), ing this battle. Come. Join me in this global fight and legal cases. against human trafficking. Rhetorics of Trafficking and In Hindi, however, he said: Prostitution in South Asia Every girl bought and sold is someone’s sister or Current U.S. governmental interest in preventing daughter. Today you don’t have any relationship trafficking in South Asia—and especially in India—is sig- (rishta) to them, but you can. Until then, will you nificant, both in terms of the space the issue claims in pub- watch this fight in silence? The time is not for think- lic discourses on migration, sexuality, and charity, as well ing, the time is for stopping. Respect women. Stop as the number of resources being poured into the issue. human trafficking. (United Nations Office on Drugs India is becoming a hub of this work for international and Crime, 2007) agencies and for bilateral donors alike. One example of this focus is the South Asia Regional Conference of the Global As the Hindi film industry’s biggest star, Bachchan’s Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking (UN GIFT), a meet- involvement in this campaign is not insignificant. ing held in New Delhi in October 2007 and sponsored by There is much to pull apart regarding the fact that the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Celebrity these messages emphasized organized crime for the endorsements for fighting trafficking in India accompa- English-speaking audiences but stressed family, rela- nied the conference, including prerecorded messages of tionships, and the status of women in the Hindi mes- solidarity from such A-list Bollywood actors as Amitabh sage. The issue of subjectivity in these messages, as Bachchan, Preity Zinta, John Abraham, and Suneil Shetty. well as in the discourse as a whole, is also critical: To A growing cadre of major and minor Bollywood per- whom is our hero speaking? In the Hindi message, sonalities, it seems, are jumping onto the anti-trafficking the imperative form of Bachchan’s exhortation to bandwagon, probably because the issue increasingly is respect women indicates that women are not speak- becoming a nodal point for charity. With trafficking being ing here at all; rather, they are the object of a con- represented as the nexus of all so-called social evils, includ- versation between Bachchan and his imagined (and ing prostitution, slums, child labor, poor sanitation, educa- necessarily gendered) audience, whom he implores tion, and HIV/AIDS, an endorsement on behalf of an to take action to protect their women. For the purpose anti-trafficking campaign, it follows, is an endorsement of this piece, I indicate this analysis but bracket it in against all of these ills rolled into one simple message. The favor of emphasizing the ways in which Bachchan’s celebrity endorsements at the New Delhi event were the message mirrors some of the problems and elisions most public aspect of a series of high-level meetings and con- in the international anti-trafficking discourse, as well ferences held over the last year involving the United States as how these elisions may be historicized, in part, in Agency for International Development, the United Nations U.S. domestic anti-trafficking policy. Office on Drugs and Crime, UNICEF, and the Indian Ministry The genealogy of the international debate on traf- of Women and Child Development. These meetings and ficking includes contemporary feminist debates on pros- consultations have been convened to help formulate a road titution and, of course, older debates on pornography, in map for eradicating human trafficking in the region. which feminists in the United States argued that pornog- Although human trafficking does have several official, raphy and violence against women were two aspects of a yet highly contested definitions, the term itself is subject seamless whole (Bernstein & Schaffner, 2004; Spector, to the kinds of slippages that are evident in the celebrity 2006; Vance, 1984). Like contemporary anti-trafficking endorsements shown during the UN GIFT conference. Of and antiprostitution activism, antipornography activism these, Amitabh Bachchan’s video message to conference mobilized a call to empower states so that they could pro- participants was, perhaps, the most emblematic. Two ver- tect women from violence (Brown, 1995; Doezema, 2001). sions of his message were broadcast, one in Hindi, the Although Bachchan never utters the word prostitution in other in English. In his English-language message, he said: English or in Hindi, his messages’ emphasis on women in To combat an organized crime, we need to be orga- relation to human trafficking and slavery can be under- nized, all of us, who believe that no human being stood as referencing prostitution. In a matrix that empha- should be enslaved. No child, no woman, no human sizes femaleness and human trafficking, women are legible December 2008 Vol. 5, No. 4 20 SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY as prostitutes because of the historicity of this particular with any historical perspective on how this situation came trope. An emphasis on people or human beings in relation to be or what other aims this rhetoric may serve. to human trafficking would have mitigated the conflation On the surface, increasing parallels are evident between trafficking and prostitution by emphasizing all between the U.S. government’s position on trafficking forms of human trafficking, which includes all manner of and prostitution and some elements within the Indian low-wage labor and labor sectors. government. Without critical historical analysis of the Institutions such as the United Nations and some sec- development of this issue in social policy, however, the tors of the Indian government are under pressure to adopt explanatory choices for this development are limited to an abolitionist agenda with respect to all sexual com- theories of unilateral U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai Findings in Public Establishments, Private Networks and Survivor Perspectives
    Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai Findings in Public Establishments, Private Networks and Survivor Perspectives Presented by Maharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights and International Justice Mission Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Mumbai Findings in Public Establishments, Private Networks and Survivor Perspectives Presented by Maharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights and International Justice Mission ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Core Study Team (International Justice Mission) Andee Cooper Parks Sanjay Macwan Alesha Guruswamy Rusk Cassandra Fernandes Melissa Walavalkar Sheela Alfanso Lila Nanda Shalini Newbigging Sian Morley Pranay Mane Kelvin Symon Kevin Blagg Vic Lacey Kristy Pyke Liz West Harshal Sumitra Research Coordinator: Andee Cooper Parks External Analysis Method Reviewers: Richard Valliant, Saman Muthukumarana Statistical Data Analyst: Kyle Vincent, Zixin Nie, Ashley Russell Qualitative Data Analyst: Julie Stricker This research was made possible through the support, courage, and diligence of many data collectors in Mumbai, India. The entire field office’s staff in Mumbai was “all hands on deck” for various parts of this study. We are extremely grateful for your willingness to try something experimental in an attempt to shed light on a dark part of human nature. Your exposure to personal risk for the sake of the study has not gone unnoticed. Other colleagues that spent hours brainstorming methodology, reviewing data collection instruments, and providing technical and/or on-the-ground counsel included Terence Fitzgerald, Saju Mathew, and Sharon Cohn Wu. The findings of this report are the property of IJM. The contents of the report may be cited with due acknowledgement to IJM. Prelude aharashtra State Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (MSCPCR) and International Justice Mission India present the research study on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation (CSE) of Mminor victims in Mumbai.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Caste in Prostitution: Culture and Violence in the Life Histories of Prostitutes in India Thesis
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The Role of Caste in Prostitution: Culture and Violence in the Life Histories of Prostitutes in India Thesis How to cite: Rozario, Mary Rita (1998). The Role of Caste in Prostitution: Culture and Violence in the Life Histories of Prostitutes in India. MPhil thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1998 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000fed1 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk 0(fVi2err/^tcT THF. ROLE OF CASTE IN PROSTITUTION: CULTURE AND VIOLENCE IN THE LIFE HISTORIES OF PROSTITUTES IN INDIA by Sr. Mary Rita Rozario, R.G.S. A thesis submitted to the Open University United Kingdom in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy The Oxford Centre for Mission Studies Oxford, UK April, 1997 ProQuest Number: 27696842 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Trafficking in India
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Fifth Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Human Trafficking 2013 Trafficking at the University of Nebraska 10-2013 Wither Childhood? Child Trafficking in India Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelfattah Abdelaziz Helwan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtrafcon5 Abdelaziz, Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelfattah, "Wither Childhood? Child Trafficking in India" (2013). Fifth Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking 2013. 6. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/humtrafcon5/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking at the University of Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fifth Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking 2013 by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Wither Childhood? Child Trafficking in India Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelfattah Abdelaziz This article reviews the current research on domestic trafficking of children in India. Child trafficking in India is a highly visible reality. Children are being sold for sexual and labor exploitation, adoption, and organ harvesting. The article also analyzes the laws and interventions that provide protection and assistance to trafficked children. There is no comprehensive legislation that covers all forms of exploitation. Interven- tions programs tend to focus exclusively on sex trafficking and to give higher priority to rehabilitation than to prevention. Innovative projects are at a nascent stage. Keywords: human trafficking, child trafficking, child prostitution, child labor, child abuse Human trafficking is based on the objectification of a human life and the treat- ment of that life as a commodity to be traded in the economic market.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Best Practices on Anti Human Trafficking
    Government of India COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES ON ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING BY NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS Acknowledgments ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ms. Ashita Mittal, Deputy Representative, UNODC, Regional Office for South Asia The Working Group of Project IND/ S16: Dr. Geeta Sekhon, Project Coordinator Ms. Swasti Rana, Project Associate Mr. Varghese John, Admin/ Finance Assistant UNODC is grateful to the team of HAQ: Centre for Child Rights, New Delhi for compiling this document: Ms. Bharti Ali, Co-Director Ms. Geeta Menon, Consultant UNODC acknowledges the support of: Dr. P M Nair, IPS Mr. K Koshy, Director General, Bureau of Police Research and Development Ms. Manjula Krishnan, Economic Advisor, Ministry of Women and Child Development Mr. NS Kalsi, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Ms. Sumita Mukherjee, Director, Ministry of Home Affairs All contributors whose names are mentioned in the list appended IX COMPENDIUM OF BEST PRACTICES ON ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING BY NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS © UNODC, 2008 Year of Publication: 2008 A publication of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Regional Office for South Asia EP 16/17, Chandragupta Marg Chanakyapuri New Delhi - 110 021 www.unodc.org/india Disclaimer This Compendium has been compiled by HAQ: Centre for Child Rights for Project IND/S16 of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Regional Office for South Asia. The opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily represent the official policy of the Government of India or the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The designations used do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Trafficking in the South Asian Region: SAARC's Response and Initiatives
    Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 1, No. 1, 2015, pp. 14-31 http://www.publicscienceframework.org/journal/jssh ISSN: 2381-7763 (Print); ISSN: 2381-7771 (Online) Human Trafficking in the South Asian Region: SAARC’s Response and Initiatives Chanchal Kumar * Department of Political Science, Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi, India Abstract Human trafficking is considered to be a serious violation of human security. Causes that contribute to human trafficking are commonly believed to be related to poverty, globalization and economic disparities among countries. Human trafficking is the modern equivalent to slavery. It presents a dangerous threat to the human rights and human dignity of many people each year. Despite this, it remains one of the least understood forms of transnational crime, with major gaps existing in both the data on the prevalence of the problem, as well as gaps in the ability of legislators to properly address the problem in their respective countries. Human trafficking is a serious violation of human rights because of the involuntary manner in which trafficked victims are recruited, entrapped, transported and subsequently subjected to the exploitation and abuses inherent in the act. Keywords Human Trafficking, Human Security, Women Security, South Asia, SAARC Received: March 16, 2015 / Accepted: March 29, 2015 / Published online: March 30, 2015 @ 2015 The Authors. Published by American Institute of Science. This Open Access article is under the CC BY-NC license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ dignity. It also violates the right to health and health care, 1. Introduction liberty and security of person, and the right to freedom from torture, violence, cruelty or degrading treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Street Corner Secrets
    STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH STREET CORNER SECRETS NEXT WAVE: New Directions in Women’s Studies A series edited by Inderpal Grewal, Caren Kaplan, and Robyn Wiegman STREET CORNER SECRETS Sex, Work, and Migration in the City of Mumbai SVATI P. SHAH Duke University Press Durham and London 2014 © 2014 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Chaparral Pro by Copperline Book Services, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in- P ublication Data Shah, Svati Pragna Street corner secrets : sex, work, and migration in the city of Mumbai / Svati P. Shah. pages cm — (Next wave : new directions in women’s studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0- 82 23-5689- 9 (cloth : alk. paper) isbn 978- 0- 8223- 5698- 1 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Prostitutes — India — Mumbai. 2. Prostitution — India — Mumbai. 3. Rural- urban migration — India — Mumbai. 4. Women — Employment — India — Mumbai. i. Title. ii. Series: Next wave. hq240.m86.s43 2014 306.740954'792 — dc23 2014000765 Cover image by Chitra Ganesh To Sojar Bai, who talked to me for no good reason, to my mother, Dr. Pragna Nina Shah, and to the loving memories of Dr. Madhukar Kantitlal Shah and Dr. Sid (Uday) Madhukar Shah CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. Day Wage Labor and Migration: Making Ends Meet 41 2. Sex, Work, and Silence from the Construction Workers’ Naka 77 3. Sex Work and the Street 113 4. Red- Light Districts, Rescue, and Real Estate 147 Conclusion Agency, Livelihoods, and Spaces 189 Notes 207 Bibliography 231 Index 247 PREFACE The project from which this book emerged developed out of a three- month internship in 1996, when, as a master’s student in public health, I worked with an international nongovernmental organization (ngo) devoted to preventing hiv transmission in the main red- light districts of Mumbai.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015 - 2016 Apne Aap Women’S Collective (AAWC)
    Annual Report 2015 - 2016 Apne Aap Women’s Collective (AAWC) the right to a better life for women and children in red light areas From the CEO’s desk 1st June, 2016 Dear Incredible Supporters, Greetings from Apne Aap Women’s Collective (AAWC)! I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank you all for your constant support towards our cause and also present you with Apne Aap Women’s Collective’s Annual Report for F.Y. 2015-16. I’m pleased to let you know that this year we were once again bestowed with increasing recognition of our work on both national and international levels: we were awarded the Gulabrao Ganacharya Award for 2015, selected as the top 150 Global Finalists under BASF’s Connected to Care Program, and awarded the GuideStar India NGO Transparency Award for voluntarily showcasing our financial and legal compliances to all stakeholders. Additionally, we welcomed interns and volunteers from India, Europe, and the United States of America during the year and, for the first time, had remote interns from the University of Michigan who worked throughout the year to create educational videos for Udaan girls. During the past financial year, along with the existing services, we introduced two important projects; the Umang children’s Night Shelter and the Beautician Training Project for the Umeed women. We are pleased to let you know that the Night Shelter Program has proven to be of immense benefit to the children as we have observed positive behavioural changes and social skills development in them. The women enrolled under AAWC’s Beautician Training Program were also assisted in acquiring advance training and internships.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing and Combating the Trafficking of Girls in India Using Legal Empowerment Strategies Copyright © International Development Law Organization 2011
    Preventing and Combating the Trafficking of Girls in India Using Legal Empowerment Strategies A Rights Awareness and Legal Assistance Program in Four Districts of West Bengal June 2010 – March 2011 Preventing and Combating the Trafficking of Girls in India Using Legal Empowerment Strategies Copyright © International Development Law Organization 2011 International Development Law Organization (IDLO) IDLO is an intergovernmental organization that promotes legal, regulatory and institutional reform to advance economic and social development in transitional and developing countries. Founded in 1983 and one of the leaders in rule of law assistance, IDLO's comprehensive approach achieves enduring results by mobilizing stakeholders at all levels of society to drive institutional change. Because IDLO wields no political agenda and has deep expertise in different legal systems and emerging global issues, people and interest groups of diverse backgrounds trust IDLO. It has direct access to government leaders, institutions and multilateral organizations in developing countries, including lawyers, jurists, policymakers, advocates, academics and civil society representatives. Among its activities, IDLO conducts timely, focused and comprehensive research in areas related to sustainable development in the legal, regulatory, and justice sectors. Through such research, IDLO seeks to contribute to existing Practice and scholarship on priority legal issues, and to serve as a conduit for the global exchange of ideas, best practices and lessons learned. IDLO produces a variety of professional legal tools covering interdisciplinary thematic and regional issues; these include book series, country studies, research reports, policy papers, training handbooks, glossaries and benchbooks. Research for these publications is conducted independently with the support of its country offices and in cooperation with international and national partner organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RESPONSIBILITY of the STATES UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW to ADDRESS the Trafflcklng in NEPALESE GIRLS INTO PROSTITU
    THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATES UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW TO ADDRESS THE TRAFFlCKlNG iN NEPALESE GIRLS INTO PROSTITUTION Kumar Regrni A thesis submitted in confomity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws Graduate Department of the Faculty of Law University of Toronto O Copyright by Kurnar Regmi, 2001 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 ofCanada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 WeYington Street 395. nie Wellington Ottawa ON KlAON4 OüawaW KlAW Canada canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence alïowhg the exclusive permettant à la Naboaal Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seU reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fJm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otheIWise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATES UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW TO ADDRESS THE TRAFFICKING IN NEPALESE GIRLS INTO PROSTITUTION Master of Laws, 200 1 Kurnar Regmi Faculty of Law University of Toronto Abstract Trafficking in girls into prostitution is a global probiem and has been destroying the lives of thousands of innocent victims resulting in physical and mental violence and various kinds of diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Health Implications of Trafficking
    Wright State University CORE Scholar Master of Public Health Program Student Publications Master of Public Health Program 2008 The Public Health Implications of Trafficking Tami Ashbridge Wright State University - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/mph Part of the Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons Repository Citation Ashbridge, T. (2008). The Public Health Implications of Trafficking. Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. This Master's Culminating Experience is brought to you for free and open access by the Master of Public Health Program at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master of Public Health Program Student Publications by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact library- [email protected]. The Public Health Implications ofTrafficking 1 The Public Health Implications ofTrafficking in Women and Children for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation ( TamiL. Ashbridge Culminating Experience Wright State University Master ofPublic Health The Public Health Implications ofTrafficking 2 Contents Abstract Page 3 Introduction Pages 3-4 Purpose Statement Page 4 Definitions Pages 4-8 Methods Pages 8-9 Results/Review of Literature Pages 9-22 Discussion Pages 22-26 References Pages 27-36 Appendix A: Public Health Competencies Pages 37-38 Appendix B: Table, Annual Profits Made from Exploitation Page 39 Appendix C: Map, Origin & Destination of Trafficking Victims Page 40 Appendix D: Table, Child Prostitution Global Health Burden ... Page 41 Appendix E: Graph, Common Barriers to Accessing Services Page 42 Appendix F: Graph, Number ofVictims by Recruitment Method Page 43 Appendix G: Excerpt from Radio Drama against Page 44 HIVIAIDS, Trafficking and Drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Social Enterprise Approaches Adopted by Faith-Based Projects Supporting Women to Leave Prostitution
    Durham E-Theses Global Perspectives on Sustainable Exit from Prostitution: An analysis of social enterprise approaches adopted by faith-based projects supporting women to leave prostitution THORLBY, KATIE,ELAINE How to cite: THORLBY, KATIE,ELAINE (2015) Global Perspectives on Sustainable Exit from Prostitution: An analysis of social enterprise approaches adopted by faith-based projects supporting women to leave prostitution, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11072/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Global Perspectives on Sustainable Exit from Prostitution: An analysis of social enterprise approaches adopted by faith-based projects supporting women to leave prostitution Katie Elaine Thorlby School of Applied Social Sciences Durham University April 2015 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Prostitution is highly contested and extensively researched yet despite the amount of research that has been carried out there has, until recently, been little focus on how people leave prostitution.
    [Show full text]
  • D:\Kamla-Raj T-Anth 17(2)
    © Kamla-Raj 2014 Anthropologist, 17(2): 591-598 (2014) Trafficking of Children for Prostitution in West Bengal: A Qualitative Study Sonal Pandey Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India KEYWORDS Sex Trafficking. Qualitative Research. Child. Prostitution. Delinquent Behavior. West Bengal ABSTRACT The objective of the current study is to examine the context and processes of sex trafficking of children for brothel-based prostitution in West Bengal. The present paper is based on a qualitative design and thematic analysis of the primary data collected from the sex trafficked victims who have been rescued from the brothels. Four major pathways of trafficking have been identified for the children: employment induced trafficking, lure of better opportunities in the urban areas, façade of romantic relations, and run away children who easily succumb to the bait of traffickers. Based on the findings of the study certain policy recommendations have been suggested. INTRODUCTION eastern states with the southern states of the country (Sen 2004). Migration from Bangladesh, West Bengal has emerged as focal point of Nepal, and Bhutan, and within the country from activity for sex trafficking (ST) of children for the states referred to earlier, has been in exist- brothel-based prostitution in India (Deb et al. ence for long. 2011; Hameeda et al. 2010; Sen 2004). The traf- The attributes to ST are both socio-econom- ficking of children in brothel-based prostitution ic as well as accidental. The extreme poverty con- has assumed serious proportions in the state of ditions often lead women and children to explore West Bengal (India) at the interstate as well as livelihood where they become easy prey to traf- intrastate level and across the porous interna- fickers who trap them in their interest by making tional borders.
    [Show full text]