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Newly Discovered Muong Nong-Type Layered Impact Glass / Tektites from Paracale, Philippines and Implications for Source Crater Location

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Newly Discovered Muong Nong-Type Layered Impact Glass / Tektites from Paracale, Philippines and Implications for Source Crater Location 11th Planetary Crater Consortium 2020 (LPI Contrib. No. 2251) 2006.pdf NEWLY DISCOVERED MUONG NONG-TYPE LAYERED IMPACT GLASS / TEKTITES FROM PARACALE, PHILIPPINES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SOURCE CRATER LOCATION. A. Whymark1, 1Consultant Wellsite Geologist ([email protected]). Introduction: Ballistically ejected Muong Nong- A B type (MN-type) layered impact glasses are character- ized by their blocky appearance, inhomogeneity, relict mineral grains, bubbles, and enrichment of volatiles compared with splash-form tektites [1]. They are ge- nerically related to splash-form tektites but formed at lower peak temperatures [1] indicative of greater prox- imity to the impact site. This article reports the discovery of two new MN- type layered impact glass specimens from the Paracale, C D Bicol area of the Philippines. These represent the most distal MN-type layered impact glasses to have been found in the Australasian tektite strewn field. Previous Finds: MN-type layered impact glasses have previously been reported and photographed from Babuyan, Zambales (15°48' N, 119°57' E) and Kubao (= Cubao, Metro Manila) (14°37' N, 121°04' E) in the Philippines [2]. These sites are 1,309 km and 1,456 km, respectively, from the assumed impact region cen- E tered on 17°45'20" N, 107°50'30" E. Fragments were small: 2.12 g and 9.52 g, respectively. Images were of a small surface area in thin section and were consistent with being MN-type layered impact glasses. The pres- ence of MN-type glasses in the Philippines could not be independently confirmed by the author until now. The author had handled tens of thousands of Philippin- ites from numerous localities, mainly the Bicol region, plus Beyer material (including Kubao). A single 66.46 g, 56 x 46 x 30 mm, MN-type lay- ered impact glass had been identified (Fig 1A). This was purchased in 2009 from an antique shop (who had purchased around 10 years earlier) and was mixed in with undocumented Philippinites. Whilst all specimens Fig. 1: A: 66.46 g from unknown Australasian locality. B: were morphologically Philippinites, they were likely 112.09 g from Brgy Talusan. C: 241.44 g and 78.00 g from derived from multiple localities judging from the vari- Brgy Tugos. D & E: 241.44 g from Brgy Tugos. able surface sculptures (one tektite was labelled ISA, New Material: The two newly found specimens presumably Isabella). Some (or all) were likely derived were purchased by Myla Camalla, who identified the from Henry Beyer (the grandson of Henry Otley Bey- first one as unusual as she had not seen this texture er) who was based in Baguio (‘Mountain Region’ be- before in a tektite. The specimen was unquestionably a ing a quoted source of material for the antique shop). MN-type glass but was unique in that it had a rounded The specimen looked like a typical Indochinese MN- tektite-like exterior surface. This was indicative that it type layered impact glass, even down to the encrusting may be somewhat transitional between splash-form limonite. It was assumed that perhaps Virgil Barnes tektites and MN-type glass. This likely played a signif- may have given Beyer the specimen. Beyer may also icant role in its recognition and collection. The first have visited Laos, as an unpublished paper by Henry specimen (Fig. 1B), weighing 112.09 g and measuring Otley Beyer and his son William G. Beyer was titled 65 x 46 x 37 mm, was found at Barangay Talusan, ‘New finds and studies of the tektites of Laos’ (con- Municipality of Paracale, Province of Camarines tents page of [3]). The specimen was a curio, but with Norte, Philippines in November 2018. Approximate no scientific value due to poor provenance. 11th Planetary Crater Consortium 2020 (LPI Contrib. No. 2251) 2006.pdf geographic coordinates 14°15'13.26" N, 122°46'32.52" follows an assumed SW butterfly ray into the Indian E. This specimen is around 1,643 km from the proba- Ocean towards southern Madagascar (Fig. 2). The mir- ble impact site. The specimen was purchased by the roring SE ray is assumed to transect Paracale, Philip- author, with a request to look out for further examples. pines and head into the Pacific Ocean towards Micro- In April 2019, a second specimen (Fig. 1C-E) was nesia. The proximal part of this ray, which might be identified by Myla Camalla. It had been broken into 2 assumed to be a triangular wedge containing MN-type parts (with a small part missing) weighing 241.44 g impact glass would lie in the Gulf of Tonkin and South and 78.00 g (total 319.44g). Dimensions were 56 x 60 China Sea. The presence of MN-type impact glasses in x 50 mm and 64 x 40 x 30 mm, respectively, or 85 x Paracale supports this idea. This would mean that the 59 x 51 mm when pieced back together. The break was 10Be analyses by [10,11] may be mainly based on the fortuitous in revealing folded and faulted schlieren. westerly butterfly ray, with minor input from the east- The white area in this specimen may represent devitri- erly butterfly ray (Hainan), giving the impression that fied glass: It is certainly part of the impact glass as it the crater is in the western part of the Gulf of Tonkin. also occurs in small spots on the interior. The speci- Geologically, sediments at the center of the Song Hong men came from the nearby Barangay Tugos, Munici- - Yinggehai Basin / Gulf of Tonkin appear to be the pality of Paracale, Province of Camarines Norte, Phil- most probable site of impact and factoring in this sam- ippines. Approximate geographic coordinates are ple bias may draw the same conclusion. 14°16'59.74" N, 122°46'40.92" E. This specimen is around 1,644 km from the probable impact site. The specimen was purchased by the author. Discussion: These Philippine MN-type glasses ap- peared transitional in morphology between MN-type impact glass and Philippinite splash-form tektites. They are, however, unmistakably layered, presumably representing compositional variations in source rock. Blocky MN-type layered impact glasses are formed by lower peak temperatures [1] when compared to tek- tites that formed melt droplets controlled by surface tensions. They were first found in Muong Nong, Laos [4]. Within the Australasian strewnfield they are typi- Fig 2: The distribution of MN-type impact glasses (red dia- cally found in assumed proximal areas: Laos, NE Thai- monds). The grey shaded triangular wedge comprises MN- land, Vietnam, and Hainan. They have also been found type impact glasses in the near-absence of splash-form tek- in the North American strewnfield in Georgia and in tites after [6]. This grey shaded area belongs to the SW but- the Central European strewnfield. These are all proxi- terfly ray. The Philippine MN-type impact glasses occur on mal localities. In equivalent medial localities, North the SE butterfly ray. Inset: Global view of prominent Aus- American MN-type Bediasites were questionably iden- tralasian tektite ejecta rays. tified [5] but may be poorly mixed bicolored melts. Within the Australasian strewnfield MN-type lay- References: [1] Koeberl C. (1990) Tectonophysics. ered impact glasses are most prominently found in 171, 405-422. [2] Chapman D. R. and Scheiber L. C. southern Laos and north-eastern Thailand as well as (1969) J. Geophys. Res. 74 (27), 6737-6776. [3] Beyer numerous localities in Vietnam. A triangular wedge of H. O. 1962. Philippine Tektites: Volume 1 (Parts I and predominantly MN-type impact glass in the absence of II). University of the Philippines Publications in Natu- splash-form tektites was identified in southern Laos ral History and in the new field of Space Science. Que- and NE Thailand [6,7]. Many authors have speculated zon City. [4] Lacroix A. (1935) Comptes Rendus de that the crater must lie within the bounds of this area. l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 200, 2129-2132. [5] However, the wider picture tells a different story. Wittke J. H. and Barnes V. E. (1988) Meteoritics, 23, Large MN-type impact glasses can also be found in 311. [6] Schnetzler C. C. and McHone J. F. (1996) Hainan [8] and this easterly extent, combined with MAPS, 31, 73-76. [7] Fiske P. S. et al. (1999) MAPS, absence in western Thailand [9], is suggestive that the 34, 757-761. [8] Futrell D. S. and Wasson J. T. (1993) center of occurrence (i.e. the source crater) is located Meteoritics, 28, 136-137. [9] Schnetzler C. C. (1992) in the Gulf of Tonkin. This is supported by 10Be iso- Meteoritics, 27, 154-165. [10] Ma P. et al. (2001) LPS concentrations of MN-type impact glasses [10,11]. XXXII, Abstract #1351. [11] Ma P. et al. (2004) Geo- The triangular wedge of MN-type impact glasses chim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68, 3883-3896. [6] appears to emanate from the Gulf of Tonkin and .
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