DOCSLIB.ORG

Special Claims Commission (Agreement 10 September 1923) (United Mexican States, United States of America)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Special Claims Commission (Agreement 10 September 1923) (United Mexican States, United States of America) REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Special Claims Commission (Agreement 10 September 1923) (United Mexican States, United States of America) 26 April 1926-24 April 1931 VOLUME IV pp. 772-927 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 PART II SPECIAL CLAIMS COMMISSION 50 773 SPECIAL CLAIMS COMMISSION The Special Claims Commission established under the Convention of September 10, 1923, was a tribunal of limited jurisdiction. It was to decide only claims of American citizens against Mexico which arose during the revolutionary period in Mexico from November 10, 1910 to May 31, 1920, inclusive, and which were due to acts of certain forces specifically designated in Ariicle III of the Convention. The volume of these claims was not markedly smaller than those filed with the General Claims Commission (supra Part I), being 3,176 for the Special Claims Commission as against 3,617 for the General Claims Commission. A period of five years from the date of the first meeting of the Commission was allowed for the final disposition of these claims. Mexico assumed responsibility ex gratia for the claims coming within the jurisdiction of the Special Claims Commission. The Convention of September 10, 1923, provided in Article II "that it will be sufficient that it be established that the alleged loss or damage in any case was sustained and was due to any of the causes enumerated in Article III hereof". Difficulties arising in connexion with the decision in the Santa Isabel claims led to a disruption of the work of the Commission following the decision in that case 1. On July 7, 1926, the Presiding Commissioner (Dr. Rodrigo Octavio) resigned for reasons of health. He was succeeded about two years later, on June 16, 1928, by Dr. Kristian Sindballe, who also began to serve on the same day as Presiding Commissioner of the General Claims Commission. No meetings of the Special Claims Commission took place during his presidency, which ended July 1, 1929. Horacio F. Alfaro was thereafter appointed as Presiding Commissioner and in February, 1931, the Commission finally reconvened after a lapse of five years. The Russell claim was the only claim finally decided at the 1931 session and this decision also occasioned considerable differences among the Com- missioners. The term of the Commission thereafter shortly came to an end, after some eight years of existence. A convention of June 18, 1932, sought to extend the life of the Commission for an additional two years but it failed of ratification by the United States. By :i convention of April 24, 1934-, an agreement was reached for the en bloc settlement of the Special Claims. Pursuant to this convention the global sum of $5,448,020.14 (U.S. currency) was arrived at as the sum payable by Mexico in final settlement of the Special Claims. Such sum was payable in annual instalments of $500,000.00 each. Pursuant to an Act of Congress approved April 10, 1935 2, a domestic Special Mexican Claims Commission was established to dispose of all claims filed with the former Special Claims Commission under the Convention of September 10, 1923, and in which that Commission had failed to award compensation to the claimants, except, of course, those which had also 1 For an account of these difficulties see A. H. Feller, pp. 63-65; Carlston, The Process of International Arbitration (New York, 1946), sec. 12. 2 U. S. Stat. L., Vol. 49, p. 149 as amended by Joint Resolution approved August 25, 1937, U.S. Stat. L., Vol. 50, p. 785. 774 MEXICO/U.S.A. (SPECIAL CLAIMS COMMISSION) been filed jointly with the General Claims Commission and found by the latter to be within its jurisdiction. The Special Mexican Claims Commission functioned during a period of three years during which it considered and decided a total of 2,833 claims. Of these 1,475 were disallowed and awards favourable to claims were granted in 1,358 cases in the total sum of $9,135,041.79. Pursuant to section 4 of the Act of April 10, 1935, however, this sum was reduced in each award to 57 percent1. 1 Special Mexican Claims Commission under the Act of Congress approved April 10, 1935. Report to the Secretary of State with Decisions showing the Reasons for the Allowance or Disallowance of the Claims (Washington, 1940) pp. 4-12. 775 BIBLIOGRAPHY Convention of September 10, 1923; U.S. Treaty Ser., No. 676; U.S. Stat. L., Vol. 43, p. 1722; Treaties, etc., 1923-1937, Vol. 4, p. 4445; State Papers, Vol. 118, 1923, p. 1108; de Martens, 3d ser.. Vol. 17, p. 301; Am. J., Int. Law Supp., Vol. 18, 1924, p. 143; R. G. P. C, 1936, Pt. 2, p. 26. Convention of August 17, 1929; U.S. Treaty Ser., No. 802; U.S. Stat. L., Vol. 46, p. 2417; Treaties, etc., 1923-1937, Vol. 4, p. 4457; State Papers, Vol. 131, 1929, Pt. 2, p. 573; de Martens, 3d ser.. Vol. 21, p. 761; R. G. P. C., 1936, Pt. 2, p. 27. Convention of April 24, 1924 ; {en bloc settlement) : U.S. Treaty Ser.. No. 878; U.S. Stat. L., Vol. 49, p. 3071; Treaties, etc., 1923-1937, Vol. 4, p. 4487; de Martens, 3d ser., Vol. 30, p. 747; Am. J. Int. Law Supp. Vol. 30, 1936, p. 106; R. G. P. C, 1936, Pt. 2, p. 27. Other references: Memoria, 1925-1926, p. 28; Memoria, 1926-1927, p. 203; Memoria, 1928-1929, Vol. 2, p. 1115; Memoria, 1929-1930, Vol. 1, p. 824; Memoria, 1930-1931, Vol. 1, p. 616; Memoria 1931-1932, p. 268; Memoria, 1932-1933, p. 166; Informe, 1933-1934, p. 290. McKernan, L. W., "Special Mexican Claims", Am. J. Int. Law, Vol. 32, 1938, p. 457. Turlington, Edgar, "Work of the Special Claims Commission, United States and Mexico", Fed. B. A. Jour., Vol. 3, 1937, p. 23. U.S. Government, Special Mexican Claims Commission under the Act of Congress approved April 10, 1935. Report to the Secretary of State with Decisions showing the Reasons for the Allowance or Disallowance of the Claims. (Washington, 1940). (Note: See also bibliographical references in Part I, Section I.) SECTION I SPECIAL AGREEMENT: September 10, 1923. PARTIES: United Mexican States, United States of America. ARBITRATORS : Rodrigo Octavio (Brazil), PresidingCommissioner until July 9, 1926; Kristian Sindballe (Denmark), Presiding Commissioner, June 16, 1928—July 1, 1929; Horacio F. Alfaro, Presiding Commissioner from May 27, 1930; Fernando Gonzalez Roa, Mexican Commissioner; Ernest B. Perry, Ameri- can Commissioner until November 30, 1930; Fred K. Nielsen, American Commissioner from January 6, 1931. REPORT: Opinions of Commissioners under the Convention concluded September 10, 1923, between the United States and Mexico as extended by the Convention con- cluded August 17, 1929. April 26, 1926, to April 24, 1931. (Government Printing Office, Washington, 1931.) 779 Convention SPECIAL CLAIMS CONVENTION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF CLAIMS OF AMERICAN CITIZENS ARISING FROM REVOLUTIONARY ACTS IN MEXICO FROM NOVEMBER 20, 1910, TO MAY 31, 1920.1 Signed at Mexico City, September 10, 1923 ; ratification advised by the Senate, January 23. 1924 ; ratified by the President, February 4, 1924 ratified by Mexico, Febiuary 16, 1924; ratifications exchanged at Mexico City, February 19, 1924; proclaimed, February 23, 1924. The United States of America and the United Mexican States, desiring to settle and adjust amicably claims arising from losses or damages suffered by American citizens through revolutionary acts within the period from November 20, 1910, to May 31, 1920. inclusive, have decided to enter into a Convention for that purpose, and to this end have nominated as their Plenipotentiaries : The President of the United States: George F. Summerlin, Chargé d'Affaires ad interim of the United States of America in Mexico. The President of the United Mexican States: Alberto J. Pani, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers found to be in due and proper form, have agreed upon the following Articles : ARTICLE I. All claims against Mexico of citizens of the United States, whether corporations, companies, associations, partnerships or individuals, for losses or damages suffered by persons or by their properties during the revolutions and disturbed conditions which existed in Mexico, covering the period from November 20, 1910, to May 31, 1920, inclusive, including losses or damages suffered by citizens of the United States by reason of losses or damages suffered by any corporation, company, association or partnership in which citizens of the United States have or have had a substantial and bona fide interest, provided an allotment to the American claimant by the corporation, company, association or partnership of his proportion of the loss or damage is presented by the claimant to the Com- mission hereinafter referred to, and which claims have been presented to the United States for its interposition with Mexico, as well as any other such claims which may be presented within the time hereinafter specified, shall be submitted to a Commission consisting of three members. Such Commission shall be constituted as follows: one member shall be appointed by the President of the United States; one by the President of the L nited Mexican States ; and the third, who shall preside over the Com- mission, shall be selected by mutual agreement between the two Govern- ments. If the two Governments shall not agree within two months from the exchange of ratifications of this Convention in naming such third member, then he shall be designated by the President of the Permanent Administrative Council of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The 1 Source: Treaties, etc.. 1923-1937, Vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JOHNSTOWN V. the NEGRO: SOUTHERN MIGRANTS and the EXODUS of 1923
    JOHNSTOWN v. THE NEGRO: SOUTHERN MIGRANTS AND THE EXODUS OF 1923 BY RICHARD B. SHERMAN* ONE of the most significant demographic changes in American history was the vast migration of Southern Negroes to the North during and shortly after the First World War. Within a period of a few years hundreds of thousands of Negroes found opportunities in the North that heretofore had been denied to them. However, the migration also made clearer than ever before the national character of American racial problems. Particularly in the early stages, it meant that an economically and culturally oppressed minority was placed in sharp and unaccustomed contact with people in Northern communities who were unprepared for the change. This process provided a dramatic test of the devotion of Americans to their ideals of freedom and equality. In some areas there were heartening instances of successful adjustment. But there were also dismaying failures. An example of the latter was provided during the early 1920's by Johnstown, Pennsylvania, where community apathy and demagogic leadership resulted in misfortune for many of the newcomers. From 1915 through the 1920's the Negro's northward migration came in two main phases, and Johnstown was affected by both. The first phase reached a peak between 1916 and 1917, and then sharply declined for a few years. A second phase was under way by 1922 and culminated the next year. Prompted by economic and social oppression in the South, and lured by the opportunities presented by labor shortages in the North, vast numbers of Negroes moved off the land, to the cities, and into the North.] *Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Free City of Danzig
    f m'"»1-*!, Of [Distributed to the Council C. 580. M . 197. 1924. I. 0d the Members of the League.] (Extract from Official Journal, November 1924.) LEAGUE OF NATIONS Geneva, October 10th, 1924. FREE CITY OF DANZIG GENERAL REPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR THE PERIO D APRIL-OCTOBER 19241. In forwarding this report, which is intended to serve as a reference document, to the Council and Members of the League, the Secretary-General has the honour to draw attention o the general review of Danzig and Polish-Danzig questions for the year September 1923- iugust 1924, which is contained in the report and the supplementary report to the Fifth Assembly on the work of the Council2. I. Questions before the Council a t its 29th (June 1924) a n d 3 0 th (A u g u s t - S e p t e m b e r -O c t o b e r 1924) S e s s i o n s . In view of agreements or provisional agreements reached, as explained by the Rappor- itur at the opening of the Council session in June 1924, it was not necessary for the Council io deal during that session with one single Danzig question, although eight had originally en included on the agenda. The two questions mentioned below came before the Council at its following session 1. Quinones de Leôn, representative of Spain, acted as Rapporteur. His reports and the {solutions adopted by the Council on each question will be found in the Official Journal as nnexes to the Minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk 2009- Contemporary Mexican Politics
    CONTEMPORARY MEXICAN POLITICS EMILY EDMONDS-POLI and DAVID A. SHIRK ContempMexPolPBK.indd 1 10/16/08 12:23:29 PM #/.4%-0/2!29 -%8)#!.0/,)4)#3 CONTEMPORARY MEXIC AN POLITICS Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2009 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Emily. Contemporary Mexican politics / Emily Edmonds-Poli and David A. Shirk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4048-4 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4048-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-7425-4049-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-7425-4049-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mexico--Politics and government--2000- I. Shirk, David A., 1971- II. Title. F1236.7.E36 2009 320.972--dc22 2008031594 Printed in the United States of America ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
    [Show full text]
  • (Santa Isabel Claims) (USA) V. United Mexican States
    REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Cornelia J. Pringle, et al., (Santa Isabel Claims) (U.S.A.) v. United Mexican States 26 April 1926 VOLUMEIV pp. 783-804 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 783 Decisions CORNELIA J. PRINGLE, ET AL., (SANTA ISABEL CLAIMS) (U.S.A.) v. UNITED MEXICAN STATES {Decision Mo. 1, April 26, 1926, dissenting opinion by American Commissionei, April 29, 1926. Pages 1-32.) INTERPRETATION OF Compromis.—PAYMENT ex gratia. Since respondent Government agreed in the compiomis to make payment ex gratia instead of on the basis of the accepted rules of international law, the terms of the compromis should be strictly followed in determining responsibility. RESPONSIBILITY FOR ACTS OF FORCES,—STATUS OF VILLISTA FORCES UNDER THE compromis. Adherents or former adherents of Villa as of January 10, 1916, held bandits under subdivision 5 of article III of the compromis. FAILURE TO SUPPRESS OR PUNISH. Facts held to establish that no failure to suppress or punish bandits occurred so as to entrain responsibility under the compromis. EFFECT OF ACT OF AMNESTY. Amnesty extended to Villa and his followers by the Mexican Government on July 28, 1920, held not a failure to suppress or punish within terms of compromis. FAILURE TO PROTECT. Group of approximately fifteen American officials and employees of mining company, under invitation from General Obregôn, who had promised them the necessary protection and assured them there was no danger from Villa forces, returned to Mexico to reopen the mines in January, 1916. They requested a military escort but author- ities replied that they were unable to furnish the same.
    [Show full text]
  • Title: the Avant-Garde in the Architecture and Visual Arts of Post
    1 Title: The avant-garde in the architecture and visual arts of Post-Revolutionary Mexico Author: Fernando N. Winfield Architecture_media_politics_society. vol. 1, no.3. November 2012 Mexico City / Portrait of an Architect with the City as Background. Painting by Juan O´Gorman (1949). Museum of Modern Art, Mexico. Commenting on an exhibition of contemporary Mexican architecture in Rome in 1957, the polemic and highly influential Italian architectural critic and historian, Bruno Zevi, ridiculed Mexican modernism for combining Pre-Columbian motifs with modern architecture. He referred to it as ‘Mexican Grotesque.’1 Inherent in Zevi’s comments were an attitude towards modern architecture that defined it in primarily material terms; its principle role being one of “spatial and programmatic function.” Despite the weight of this Modernist tendency in the architectural circles of Post-Revolutionary Mexico, we suggest in this paper that Mexican modernism cannot be reduced to such “material” definitions. In the highly charged political context of Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century, modern architecture was perhaps above all else, a tool for propaganda. ARCHITECTURE_MEDIA_POLITICS_SOCIETY Vol. 1, no.3. November 2012 1 2 In this political atmosphere it was undesirable, indeed it was seen as impossible, to separate art, architecture and politics in a way that would be a direct reflection of Modern architecture’s European manifestations. Form was to follow function, but that function was to be communicative as well as spatial and programmatic. One consequence of this “political communicative function” in Mexico was the combination of the “mural tradition” with contemporary architectural design; what Zevi defined as “Mexican Grotesque.” In this paper, we will examine the political context of Post-Revolutionary Mexico and discuss what may be defined as its most iconic building; the Central Library at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • @ Copyrighted by Ward Sloan Albro, Iii 1967
    Ricardo Flores Magón and the Liberal Party: an inquiry into the origins of the Mexican revolution of 1910 Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Albro, Ward S. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 11:00:40 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565157 @ COPYRIGHTED BY WARD SLOAN ALBRO, III 1967 RICARDO FLORES MAGON AND THE LIBERAL PARTY: AN INQUIRY INTO THE ORIGINS OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION OF 1910 by Ward Sloan Albro, III A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 7 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Ward Sloan Albro. Ill____________________________ entitled ftir.ardo Flores Maron and the Liberal Party: An Inquiry into the Origins of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy_________________________________ After inspection of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* f + 6 7 Q/Aa. 1/ / 9&7 /?& .V, pa z Z *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacies of the Mexican Revolution” a Video Interview with Professor Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato
    DISCUSSION GUIDE FOR “LEGACIES OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION” a video interview with Professor Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato Organizing • What were the immediate and long-term legacies of the Mexican Questions Revolution within Mexico? • What legacies of the Mexican Revolution were intended from its outset? Which were achieved and which were not achieved? Summary Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato is a Professor of Historical Studies at Colegio de México. In this 18-minute video, Professor Gómez-Galvarriato discusses how perceptions of the legacies of the Mexican Revolution have changed over time. She talks about the immediate legacies of the Revolution, intended outcomes that did not materialize, and the legacies that have persisted until today. Objectives During and after viewing this video, students will: • identify the immediate and long-term consequences of the Mexican Revolution; • discuss to what extent the goals of the original revolutionaries were achieved by the end of the Mexican Revolution; and • evaluate whether the benefits of the Mexican Revolution justified the costs. Materials Handout 1, Overview of the Mexican Revolution, pp. 5–10, 30 copies Handout 2, Video Notes, pp. 11–13, 30 copies “LEGACIES OF THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION” DISCUSSION GUIDE 1 introduction Handout 3, Perspectives on the Legacies of the Mexican Revolution, p. 14, 30 copies Handout 4, Synthesis of Perspectives, pp. 15–16, 30 copies Handout 5, Assessing the Mexican Revolution’s Costs and Benefits, p. 17, 30 copies Answer Key 1, Overview of the Mexican Revolution, pp. 18–19 Answer Key 2, Video Notes, pp. 20–21 Answer Key 3, Perspectives on the Legacies of the Mexican Revolution, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Masato Shizume
    WINPEC Working Paper Series No.E1611 November 2016 Financial Crises and the Central Bank: Lessons from Japan during the 1920s Masato Shizume Waseda INstitute of Political EConomy Waseda University Tokyo,Japan Financial Crises and the Central Bank: Lessons from Japan during the 1920s Masato Shizume Waseda University Abstract * A series of financial crises following a boom during World War I marked the turning point for the emergence of prudential policy in Japan. An economic backlash after the war created mounting bad loans. After the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) introduced a special treatment facility for the devastated area. The BOJ hoped to rescue solvent but illiquid financial institutions, but the facility was abused by banks that were already in financial distress, paving the way toward a financial crisis. Banking panic spread nationwide in the spring of 1927. In 1928, the authorities introduced new arrangements for prudential policy with mergers and acquisitions, new types of regulations, and dual inspection by the Ministry of Finance and the BOJ. These arrangements restored financial stability while imposing a new constraint on monetary policy. * Masato Shizume would like to thank the Seimeikai Foundation for financial support. 1 1. Introduction In this chapter, we look at the conduct of prudential policy in Japan during the 1920s. Japan experienced economic stagnation and financial instability following a boom during and right after World War I (WWI). An economic backlash and the government’s attempt to keep economic growth high even after the war created mounting bad loans. Then, the Great Kanto Earthquake hit the Tokyo metropolitan area in 1923, and the Bank of Japan (BOJ) introduced a special treatment facility for the devastated area.
    [Show full text]
  • Month Calendar 1923 & Holidays 1923
    January 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 New Year's Day 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 Martin Luther King Day 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 4 28 29 30 31 5 January 1923 Calendar February 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 7 Lincoln's Birthday Mardi Gras Carnival Valentine's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8 Presidents Day and Washington's Birthday 25 26 27 28 9 February 1923 Calendar March 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 9 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 Daylight Saving St. Patrick's Day 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 13 Good Friday March 1923 Calendar April 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 Easter April Fool's Day Easter Monday 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 29 30 18 April 1923 Calendar May 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 18 Cinco de Mayo 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mother's Day Armed Forces Day 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 Pentecost Pentecost Monday 27 28 29 30 31 22 Memorial Day May 1923 Calendar June 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 22 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 24 Flag Day 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 Father's Day 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 26 June 1923 Calendar July 1923 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 27 Independence Day 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 28 15 16 17 18 19
    [Show full text]
  • TIEMPO MUERTO Number 5A| Year 2018
    TIEMPO MUERTO Number 5a| Year 2018 1 TIEMPO MUERTO #5 INDEX 3 EDITOr’s nOTE TO TIEMPO MUERTO 5 Juan Pablo Macías 5 CHICOMEXOCHITL & THE ORIGIN OF CORN IN THE NAHUA ORAL TRADITION OF THE HUASTecA MAIZE AND Anuschka van´t Hooft (2008) 9 THE PeOPLE OF LA HUASTecA DO NOT ANARCHISM – CONCEIVE LIFE AWAY FROM THE MILPA Alfredo Zepeda (2012) 11 MAIZE & COMMUNALITY A CORRELATION Kiado Cruz (2014) 15 COMMUNITY & COMMUNALITY OF THOUGHT, Floriberto Díaz Gómez (2004) 19 THE INDIAN & THE INDIGENOUS IN THE MAGÓNIST ANARCHISM ORDER AND Benjamín Maldonado Alvarado (2000) 27 FeRNANDO PALOMAREZ, MAYO INDIAN. LIBERTY ON LIBERTARIAN EPISTLES & OTHER TEXTS. Alfonso Torúa Cienfuegos (2016) 31 MAGÓNISM & INDIGENOUS MOVEMENT THE EXTENSION Juan Carlos Beas and Manuel Ballesteros (1986) 43 THE MeXICAN ReVOLUTION Voltairine de Cleyre (1911) TIEMPO MUERTO Authors Graphic project Publisher Thanks to #5a | 2015 Anuschka van´t Hooft, Alfredo Zepeda, Brice Delarue Zirkumflex WORD+MOIST PRESS Bruna e Matteo Viglietta, Eva Brioschi, Kiado Cruz, Floriberto Díaz Gómez, www.zirkumflex.com Manuela Galliano, Marco Scotini, Andris Editor | Editorship Benjamín Maldonado Alvarado, Printed in May 2018, China Brinkmanis, Shuai Yin, Paolo Caffoni, Juan Pablo Macías Alfonso Torúa Cienfuegos, Juan Carlos Visual content Chen Jianxin, Liu Pei, Brice Delarue, Beas, Manuel Ballesteros, Plotino Juan Pablo Macías stills from “Museum Produced by Alessandra Poggianti, Rodrigo Villasmil, Rhodakanaty, Julio López Chávez, pieces, a 6000 year-old corn fossil, two Yinchuan Biennale Yu Hsiao-hwei, Evelyne Jouanno, Hou Emiliano Zapata, Voltairine de Cleyre agronomists and a geneticist,” 2018 Hanru, Pengpeng Wang, Alberto Paredes With the support of Sánchez, Abel Muñoz Orozco, Abel Gil- Translations Cover Collezione La Gaia Muñoz, José Regalado, Kiado Cruz, Lucia Rodrigo Villasmil, Yu Hsiao-hwei Juan Pablo Macías “Teocintle, the Giardino e Chico Bacci.
    [Show full text]
  • The Japanese Economy During the Interwar Period
    20092009--JE--21 The Japanese Economy during the Interwar Period: 両大戦間期Instabilityの日本における恐慌と政策対応 in the Financial System and ― 金融システム問題と世界恐慌への対応を中心にthe Impact of the World Depression ― Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies 金融研究所 鎮目雅人 Masato Shizume 2009 年 4 月 May 2009 The Japanese economy during the interwar period faced chronic crises. Among them, the Showa Financial Crisis of 1927 and the Showa Depression of 1930-31 marked turning points. The Showa Financial Crisis of 1927 was the consequence of persistent financial instability because of the incomplete restructuring in the business sector and postponements in the disposal of bad loans by financial institutions. The crisis brought reforms in the financial sector through large-scale injections of public funds and the amalgamation of banks. The Showa Depression of 1930-31 was caused by the Great Depression, a worldwide economic collapse, which had been intensified in Japan by the return to the Gold Standard at the old parity. Japan escaped from the Great Depression earlier than most other countries through a series of macroeconomic stimulus measures initiated by Korekiyo Takahashi, a veteran Finance Minister who resumed office in December 1931. Takahashi instituted comprehensive macroeconomic policy measures, including exchange rate, fiscal, and monetary adjustments. At the same time, the Gold Standard, which had been governing Japan’s fiscal policy, collapsed in the wake of the British departure from it in September 1931. Then, Japan introduced a mechanism by which the government could receive easy credit from the central bank without establishing other institutional measures to govern its fiscal policy. This course of events resulted in an eventual loss of fiscal discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise and Fall of Venustiano Carranza and His Contributions to Mexican Constitutionality and Nationalism, 1910-1920
    Godfather of the Mexican Revolution: The Rise and Fall of Venustiano Carranza and His Contributions to Mexican Constitutionality and Nationalism, 1910-1920 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Rubalcaba, Christian Jesus. 2011. Godfather of the Mexican Revolution: The Rise and Fall of Venustiano Carranza and His Contributions to Mexican Constitutionality and Nationalism, 1910-1920. Master's thesis, Harvard University, Extension School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37367556 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Godfather of the Mexican Revolution: The Rise and Fall of Venustiano Carranza and His Contributions to Mexican Constitutionality and Nationalism, 1910-1920 Christian Jesus Rubalcaba A Thesis in the Field of History for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University March 2011 Copyright 2011 Christian Jesus Rubalcaba Abstract Most of the academic attention devoted to the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920) in recent times has focused on revolutionary leaders. Inspiration for this thesis comes from a desire to understand an important participant of the Revolution, Venustiano Carranza, whose story deserves further investigation because of his catalytic role in the ten-year conflict. This thesis poses the argument that fluctuations in the rhetoric of Carranza’s Constitutionalist campaign reflect a sense of willingness on his part to adapt strategically to new contexts; however, to show deep conviction, he always stood behind a platform that was characterized by an unwavering faith in the political doctrine of constitutionality.
    [Show full text]