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Cape Cod National Seashore OLD HARBOR LIFE-SAVING STATION Cape Cod National Seashore m m ·- ·- . -·'•'":.'!.__ _ ~~-----_J-- Historic Structure Report OLD HARBOR LIFE-SAVING STATION Provincetown, Massachusetts HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Cape Cod National seashore south Wellfleet, Massachusetts By Peggy A. Albee Building Conservation Branch, Cultural Resources Center North Atlantic Region, National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Boston, Massachusetts June 1988 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS .....................viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .•......•....•....................xii PREFACE .•............•..........••......•.............xiii I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ............•..........•.............. 1 THE STRUCT'UR.E ............................................ 2 THE SITE........................•.........•.............. 3 CHAIN OF TITLE...................•........•.............. 4 I I . ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY .................•.................. 8 THE UNITED STATES LIFE-SAVING SERVICE PERIOD (1897-1915) ......................................... 9 A. Formation of the Life-Saving Service............ 9 B. Construction of the Old Harbor Life-Saving Station.•.•.....•.•................ 13 C. Alterations Made by the Life-Saving Service. ....................................... 18 THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD ERA (1915-1947) ........... 29 A. Formation of the Coast Guard.•••.••............ 29 B. Alterations Made by the Coast Guard............ 29 C. Abandonment Proceedings•••••.....•.•........... 33 PRIVATE OWNERSHIP (1947-1973) •..•••••••••••............. 35 iii NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACTIVITIES (1973-Present) ......• ... 38 A. Period of Private Occupancy..........•......... 38 B. Relocation of the Life-Saving Station.......... 38 C. Restoration.................................... 48 III. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION .....................•.........55 EXTERIOR DESCRIPTION ....................................5 6 A. Foundations....................................56 B. Walls .......................................... 57 C. Doorways .......................................5 9 D. Windows ........................................ 61 E. Porches . .......................................63 F. Roofs and Chimney........•..................... 65 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION: BASEMENT .......................... 66 A. Room BO 1 •••••••.••••••.••••••••..•.••••••••••.. 6 6 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION: FIRST FLOOR ....................... 68 A. Mess Room (Room 101) .............•............. 68 B. Storm Clothes Room (Room 102) ....•.............71 C. Kitchen (Room 103) ...............•.............72 D. Pantry (Room 104) ................•............. 74 E. Rear Entry (Room 105) ..........................77 F. Keeper's Room (Room 106) .........•.............78 G. Keeper's Office (Room 107) .....................81 H. Stair-Hall Foyer (Room 108) ....•.•.....•....... 82 iv I. First-Floor Stair Hall (Room 109) •.•.•....• ~···84 J. Boat Room {Room 110) . •.•••••••......••..•.... 86 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION: SECOND FLOOR •..••................. 91 A. Quarters (Room 201) •.• .91 B. Spare Room {Room 202). .94 C. =L~o~c~k~e~r-...R~o=-=o=m~C~R~o~o~m=-.;2=--0~3~>············ .96 D. Second-Floor Stair Hall {Room 204) .............98 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION: THIRD FLOOR •••••••.•..•..•....... 101 A. Stowaway (Room 301) •..• .101 B. ~T~h~i~r~d~-~F~l~o~o~r__S~t---=a~i~r__H~a~l-l__(_R_o_o~m____3~0-2~l .•.•..•...... 102 INTERIOR DESCRIPTION: FOURTH FLOOR ......•.....•..•....•105 A. Lookout (Room 401) •••••........•...•....•..... 105 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•.••.•..•.. 108 INTRODUCTION •••..•••.•••.••..•••••.••••••.•••.•.••..•.. 109 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS •••••.•••.•••.•.•••••••.•..••..• 110 EXTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS •.••..••..•..•••....••......•.. 111 A. Foundations••. .111 B. Walls ••••• . .. .112 c. Doorways .. ...................... .112 D. Windows •••.••••• . • .113 E. Porches . ...................................... 113 V F. Roofs and Chimney...•..•••.••.••....•..•... ~ .. 113 G. Utilities. ............................... 114 H. Finishes . ..................................... 114 INTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS: GENERAL ..•..•..........•..... 116 A. Floors........................................ 116 B. Walls . ........................................ 116 C. Cei 1 ings......................................117 D. Doorways ......................................117 E. Windows . ...................................... 117 F. Finishes . .................................... 118 INTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS: BASEMENT •••...•.•.....•...... 120 A. Room BO 1 • •••.••.•..••••.•••••••••.•.•••••.••.. 12 0 INTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS: FIRST FLOOR ••.•.......•.•..•. 121 A. Mess Room (Room 101) ••..•••.••...••..•.•.•..•• 121 B. storm Clothes Room (Room 102) ••••••......•.... 122 c. Kitchen (Room 103) .......................... 122 D. Pantry (Room 104) . ......................... 124 E. Rear Entry (Room 105) •••••••.•••••••.•••.••••• 125 F. Keeper's Room (Room 106) ..••.•••.•...••.•.....125 G. Keeper's Office (Room 107) ..•.•.•........•.... 126 H. Stair-Hall Foyer (Room 108) ••••••........••.•. 127 I. First-Floor Stair Hall (Room 109) .....•.•••...128 J. Boat Room (Room 110) •••.•.•••••••.••.••••.•••• 128 vi RECOMMENDATIONS: SECOND FLOOR ..••.•••..................130 A. Quarters (Room 201) .•...•.•...................130 B. Spare Room (Room 2 02} ......................... 132 c. Locker Room (Room 2 03} ....••.................. 133 D. Second-Floor Stair Hall (Room 204) ............134 INTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS: THIRD FLOOR .................. 136 A. Stowaway (Room 301} .......•...................136 B. Third-Floor Stair Hall (Room 302) .............136 INTERIOR RECOMMENDATIONS: FOURTH FLOOR ................. 138 A. Lookout (Room 401} .......................•....138 V. APPENDICES .•.........•..•........•.•.................. 139 APPENDIX A. Original Floor Plans (1893 "Duluth" Style), Old Harbor Life-saving Station............140 APPENDIX B. Original Specifications, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, 1897 ..................152 APPENDIX c. "Duluth" Style Life-Saving Stations, Chronological and Geological Listings and List of Surviving Life-Saving Stations (Taken from M.A. Thesis by Eugene V. York, Boston University, 1983) .........• ; ...•..................172 APPENDIX D. List of Furnishings for Old Harbor Life-saving Station, September 17, 1897 (U.S. National Archives, RG 26, Records of the U.S. Coast Guard) •••.••.•••..•.•••....•....... 184 APPENDIX E. Proposals and Specifications for Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, Boathouse and Cellar, 1900•.•.•••••.•...••...•..•.•.......•. 198 APPENDIX F. Board of Survey Findings, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, 1945..•........•......•..•...206 vii APPENDIX G. Declaration of Abandonment, Old Harbor Life-saving Station, 1947 •••••••.•.••.••••• 209 APPENDIX H. Real Estate Prospectus, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, 1962 ••.•.•••...••..••.••..... 213 APPENDIX I. Real Estate Appraisal, Old Harbor Life-saving Station, 1972 •••••••••••••..•••••••••• 216 APPENDIX J. Sub-contractual Plans and Drawings Relating to the Relocation of Old Harbor Life-Saving Station.•••..•....••...•.............. 226 APPENDIX K. Specifications for Relocating Old Harbor Life-Saving Station.•..••.•......•......•.. 236 APPENDIX L. Specifications for Plastering and Painting of Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, Cape Cod National Seashore, July 1979 ..••.•.•...•. 259 APPENDIX M. Specifications for Installation of an Intrusion-Alarm System for Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, August 1978 •••••••••••••••••• 277 APPENDIX N. Finishes Analysis ......................... 288 APPENDIX O. Reconstruction of the Old Harbor Life-Saving Station Sign.•..•..•.................• 333 VI. BIBLIOGRA.PHY ..••......••.....•.......•.......••........ 3 4 7 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CREDITS Figure follows ~ 1. current Location of Old Harbor Life-Saving Station on Cape Cod. NPS map, 1986...................... 3 2. "North Beach, Town of Chatham," plan dated October 1950. Barnstable County Registry of Deeds, Plan Book 98, page 97 ...•...................... 5 3. "Plan 'A' of Properties at North Beach - Chatham, Mass., December 1957." Barnstable County Registry of Deeds, Plan Book 144, page 125 ............... 7 4. Locations of U.S. Life-Saving Stations on Cape Cod, 1902. Photograph from The Life-Savers of Cape Cod, by J.W. Dalton. Courtesy The Barta Press, Boston, MA .................... 12 5. Report of Inspection, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, May 26, 1899. U.S. National Archives, Record Group 26, Doc. 67068, Correspondence of the USLSS .......•..•..........•.....•................ 14 6. Exterior View of Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, ca. 1902. Photograph from The Life-Savers of Cape Cod, by J.W. Dalton. Courtesy The Barta Press, Boston, MA ....................20 7. Window Added in 1900 Between Keeper's Office and Boat Room. NPS photograph, November 1977........... 22 8. Diagram of Pipe Railing for Tower Trap Door, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station. Correspondence beginning on September 18, 1905, U.S. National Archives, RG 26, Correspondence of the USLSS ............24 9. Ceiling of Quarters, Paint Evidence of 1910 Relocation of Original Knee Wall. NPS photograph by Peggy A. Albee, July 1987 •..•.....•.......•.......... 26 10. Plans for a Hot-Water Heating System, Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, August 24, 1910. CACO files ....... 28 11. Exterior View of Old Harbor Life-Saving Station, 1910-1915. CACO files .••.••••.•••.•...•...•.•.........• 28 12. West Wall of Boat Room, Interior Sheathing Applied in 1912. NPS photograph,
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