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Wet Weather Flow Management Master Plan

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Wet Weather Flow Management Master Plan Source Water Protection Workshop Apr 18- 19 Intake Protection Zones (IPZs) in the Great Lakes: Scientific, Environmental Engineering, & Practical Considerations for Protecting Sources of Drinking Water. William J Snodgrass, P.Eng., PhD. Water Infrastructure Management City of Toronto wsnodgr @ toronto.ca THE CITY OF TORONTO • Provides drinking water, wastewater and stormwater management services to 2.5 million residents • Provides drinking water to 400,000 residents in York Region • Expected population growth of 1/2 million people in 25 years TORONTO’S PRIORITIES • Continue to provide safe, clean and reliable drinking water to residents and businesses • Renew aging infrastructure (40% of city’s watermains are older than 50 years, which results in a backlog of infrastructure renewal) • Provide capacity for population growth • Meet legislative and regulatory requirements • Be stewards of the environment THE GREAT LAKES BASIN CONTEXT FOR SOURCE WATER PROTECTION • Great Lakes source for 75% of Ontario’s population • 95 municipal water systems rely on Great Lakes source water Lake Ontario Bathymetry: 3-D YPDT Groundwater Management Study (Mr Holysh) SOURCE WATER THREATS: IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION • Source Water •Nearshore Zone •Watersheds diluted with mainlake water • Protecting all intake pipes along the Great Lakes is important • Near-shore intake pipes Urban are 0.5 - 5 kilometres long Rural • Expanding urbanization is a dominant threat • An estimated population growth of 20% in five years ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (as identified by RAP- Remedial Action Plan) • Contamination of recreational beach areas • Impacts on fisheries and aquatic biota • Sediment quality and benthic invertebrates • Contributing to fish consumption advisories • Loss of fish habitat • Nutrient enrichment: nuisance algal growth TORONTO’S WET WEATHER FLOW MASTER PLAN Is the foundation of our SOURCE WATER PROTECTION PLANNING PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1) Scientific & Environmental Engineering Methodology Of The WWFMP 2) Need to Develop a Great Lakes Source Protection Plan 3) Practical Considerations in delineating Intake Protection Zones in the Great Lakes 4) What Role may Source Water Protection Play for City of Toronto in delivering Potable Water Supply 4. SOURCE WATER CONTROL PERPSECTIVE: Risk of Pathogens in Diffuse Sources to Intakes • Perspective - Follow Environmental Pathways from Source to ‘Tap’ Water - How much risk reduction occurs at each step in the pathway - For example, can Source Water Protection Planning provide 2 orders of magnitude reduction in risk for E Coli • Estimated E Coli Densities (number per 100 ml) - CSO - 1.2 million - Stormwater – Urban – 400,000 - Suburban (905) 100,000 - River mouths 1,000 – 50,000 - Treatment (CSO, stormwaater, WWTP) - 1000 - Objectives -Non Contact recreation 500 -Beach Posting – 100 -Drinking Water – N D (< 1 ) -Risk Assessment (< 0.0 xxx1 ? ) 1. SCIENTIFIC & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY TORONTO’S WET WEATHER FLOW MASTER PLAN 1) Set up land parcels, define soils, land cover [eg. impervious, vegetation] 2) Route Flow according to network 3) Calibrate Flow for each watershed 4) Calibrate Quality for each watershed 5) Run model to calculate loadings and provide time series (flow and concentrations) at waterfront LINKING LOT to WATERSHED ADJALA- MONO TOSORONTIO RICHMOND HILL KING CALEDON Region Region of of Watershed N Peel York VAUGHAN BRAMPTON CITY OF Study Area Sub-Watersheds Watercourses TORONTO Regional Boundaries Municipal Boundaries Combined Sewer Area Seperate Sewer Area Sewershed Sub-Watersheds Humber River Main Stem West Branch Humber River Albion Creek Black Creek Berry Creek Emery Creek Humber Creek Silver Creek Combined Sewer Area Residential Lot CITY OF TORONTO - SEWER OUTFALL LOCATIONS COMBINED SEWER SERVICE AREA WATERSHED COMPONENT ANALYSIS Approach: 1) Assess existing impact 2) Project future impact through continued urbanization 3) Assess effectiveness of various non-point source control options: - source controls - conveyance - end-of-pipe FISRWG, 1998 CONTAMINANT CHARACTERISTICS 1000 10000000 stormwater CSO E. Coli PWQO 1000000 100 d) e t 100000 se no se i 10 erw ) th 10000 ess o l 1 un ( /L 1000 E. Coli (counts/dL Coli E. on, mg on, ti 0.1 ra t 100 concen 0.01 10 0.001 1 COMPARISON OF STORMWATER AND CSO DATA HSPF - REPRESENTATIVE RUNOFF CALIBRATION: MIMICO CREEK (1991 – 1994) Flow Rate (dam3/day) 1 0.3 0.6 1 2 2.7 4 8 15 30 70 100 120 0.1 0.01 Predicted Observed 0.001 Fraction of Time Greater Than HSPF Calibration by Watershed: E. Coli Comparison of Water Quality by Watershed Ecoli 100000 RAP Avg WET RAP WET LL RAP WET UL RAP Avg DRY RAP DRY LL RAP DRY UL Modelled WET Modelled DRY PWQMN Avg WET PWQMN Avg DRY 10000 Concentration (#/dL) 1000 100 Etobicoke Mimico Humber Don Highland Rouge Watershed ControlsControls ExaminedExamined (Dr Bradford) 1) Source (private property) 2) Conveyance (ditches, pipes, ie, network ) 3) End – of pipe 4) Operations & Maintenance 5) Dry – weather 6) Reforestation 7) Pollution Prevention 8) Education 40 35 4 Bathymetry [ 3 ° LAKE WIDE CIRCULATION MODEL SETUP: 3 LAKE WIDE CIRCULATION MODEL SETUP: 30 0 ' N 4 25 3 ° 1 5 20 ' N 4 (Grid spacing 3564 meter)3 15 ° 0 ' N 10 4 2 ° 5 4 5 ' N 0 4 2 ° 3564 m grid; 10 3 0 ' 0 N 01/01/90 00:00:00, Time step: 0, Layer: 0 79° 0' W 5 78° 45' W 10 Adjusted bathymetry - 30 layers as fn of application ] 15 78° 30' W 20 78° 15' W 25 78° 0' W 30 (Grid spacing 3564 meter) 35 77° 45' W 40 77° 30' W 45 77° 15' W 50 N 77° 0' W 55 60 76° 45' W 65 76° 30' W Palette 70 Abov e 0 -15 - 0 76° 15' W -30 - -15 -45 - -30 -60 - -45 75 -75 - -60 -105 --90 -90 - -75 -120 - -105 -135 - -120 -150 - -135 -165 - -150 -180 - -165 -195 - -180 -210 - -195 Below -210 Undef ined Value 40 30 20 10 4 (Grid spacing 132 meter)3 ° 0 3 0 ' N 0 01/01/90 00:00:00, Time step: 0, Layer: 0 TORONTO WATERFRONT SETUP: 20 79° 30' W 40 60 79° 27' W Bathymetry [ 80 79° 24' W 100 Adjusted bathymetry 120 79° 21' W 140 132 m grid] (Grid spacing 132 meter) 160 79° 18' W 180 200 79° 15' W 220 79° 12' W N 240 260 79° 9' W 280 300 79° 6' W Palette 320 Abov e 5 0 - 5 -10 - -5-5 - 0 -15 - -10 -20 - -15 -25 - -20 -30 - -25 -35 - -30 -40 - -35 -45 - -40 -50 - -45 -55 - -50 -60 - -55 Below -65 - -60 Undef ined Value TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION: 1991 R.C.Harris WTP Data LAKE CURRENT CALIBRATION: 2001 ADCP DATA Model Calibration 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Speed (m/s) Speed 0 1 15 29 43 57 71 85 99 113 127 141 155 169 183 197 211 225 239 253 267 281 295 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 Sept 21 to Oct 2 Model U Model V RCM U RCM V TORONTO WATERFRONT MODELLING PREDICTIONS: E. Coli [portion of time greater than 100 /100ml] 2. DEVELOPMENT OF A GREAT LAKES SOURCE PROTECTION PLAN • Western Lake Ontario Consortia – a potential model • A municipal partnership, funded by the province • A consortia of municipalities around the “Golden Horseshoe”, supported by all Conservation Authorities, the Provincial and Federal Government agencies • Objectives: - consolidate pollution source data across basin - develop a common approach to assess threats to water intakes - develop a common approach to mitigate impacts and risks - develop a platform to regularly update and maintain source data DEVELOPMENT OF A GREAT LAKES BASIN SOURCE PROTECTION PLAN • Considerations: - Develop Basin Specific Bi-national Great Lakes Source Protection Plans - Establish Basin Specific SPCs led by MOE and Environment Canada - Include affected CAs and municipalities - Develop & maintain a common framework to assess ongoing and future threats and to mitigates impacts - Pollution Prevention/Mitigation Focus 3.3. PracticalPractical ConsiderationsConsiderations Lake Ontario Bathymetry: 3-D WATERSHEDS EFFECTING NEARSHORE ZONE OF LAKE ONTARIO Major Watersheds along north shore of Lake Ontario: • Moira, Trent • Kawarthas • Humber, Don, Rouge • Credit, Bronte • Welland, Niagara AUGMENT MOE GUIDANCE APPROACH (current focus – acute, an event) • DESK TOP EXERCISE: One zone off-shore Two-zones off-shore - Conduct a 1D analysis to delineate IPZ2 - Time of travel is arbitrary Two zones near-shore - Do we use 2 hr or 24 hr? - Applicable to river based uni-directional sytems: NOT applicable to Great Lakes! EFFECTS OF WET WEATHER FLOW ON NEARSHORE ZONE OF LAKE ONTARIO • Humber River Plume: 0.7 km X 6 km • Note Humber WWTP Plume • Issues: - Tributaries and WWTP dictate limits of IPZ2 - Is IPZ2: 2 km, 6-7 km, or 30 km along nearshore? Whitby Ajax Major PollutionIntakes Sources and Duffins creek Corbett and Harmony Water Treatment Plant Intakes Duffin creek In the Lake Ontario Consortia Highland creek RC Harris, FJ Horgan Don river Toronto Ashbridges Bay Humber river RL Clark Humber Lakeview Lakeview Credit river Clarkson 16 Mile creek Oakville Oakville Mid Halton Oakville southwest Burlington Niagara-on-the lake Skyway Burlington ship canal Hamilton PortWeller Biggar lagoon Niagara River Baker Road Port Dalhousie Welland Ship canal Hamilton Twelve Mile creek Grimsby Illustration of Need to Augment Guidance Approach beyond acute: Toronto Waterfront - chronic • Watersheds & Lake Model Results • Sources Considered: •WWTP discharges •Tributaries •Waterfront storm/CSO • Isopleths in Graph • WWTP Sources Only • Order of Magnitude intervals • Grid 6 km off-shore of land • Implications •Need both lake model & watershed loadings to represent risk for chronic concerns • All sources CITY OF TORONTO - SEWER OUTFALL LOCATIONS Do we Investigate every outfall within a 2 hr or 24 hour time of travel of intake? 4. SOURCE WATER CONTROL PERPSECTIVE: Risk of E Coli between Diffuse Sources & Intakes
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