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Within Reach: 2015 RAP Progress Report

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PREPARED BY JOANNA KIDD, KIDD CONSULTING BY JOANNA KIDD, KIDD CONSULTING PREPARED WITHIN REACH: 2015 TORONTO AND REGION REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN PROGRESS REPORT TORONTO & REGION REMEDIAL ACTION PL AN TORONTO & REGION REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN WITHIN REACH: 2015 TORONTO AND REGION REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN PROGRESS REPORT 2015 TO R O NT O AN D R E G I O N R E M E D IA L A CTI O N PL AN P R OG RE SS R EP O RT TORONTO & REGION 2015 TORONTO AND REGION REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN PROGRESS REPORT WWW.TORONTORAP.CA REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN WITHIN REACH: For additional copies of this report please contact: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 5 Shoreham Drive, Toronto, Ontario M3N 1S4 phone: 416-661-6600 fax: 416-661-6898 © 2016 Toronto and Region Conservation Authority, 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, ON M3N 1S4. All rights reserved. All photography © Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 2016 unless otherwise specified. The Toronto and Region Remedial Action Plan is managed by representatives from Environment and Climate Change Canada Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................iii 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................1 1.1. How We Got Here: The History of the Toronto and Region RAP ............... 1 1.2. Where We Need to Get To .........................................................................3 1.3. About This Report ............................................................................. 6 2. EXISTING CONDITIONS AND TRENDS .......................7 2.1. Water Quality .................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Phosphorus ..................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Bacteria ......................................................................................... 11 2.1.3. Heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Compounds .......................... 14 2.1.4. Chloride ......................................................................................... 15 2.1.5. Aesthetics ...................................................................................... 16 2.2. Bottom Sediments and Benthic Organisms ........................................ 18 2.2.1. Bottom Sediments .......................................................................... 18 2.2.2. Benthic Communities ..................................................................... 19 2.3. Habitats ........................................................................................ 20 2.3.1. Natural Cover ................................................................................. 20 2.3.2. Wetlands ........................................................................................ 22 2.3.3. Riparian Vegetation ........................................................................ 22 2.3.4. Aquatic Habitat .............................................................................. 23 2.4. Fish and Wildlife ............................................................................. 24 2.4.1. Fish Communities .......................................................................... 24 2.4.2. Contaminants in Fish ..................................................................... 29 2.4.3. Wildlife Communities ...................................................................... 34 2.4.4. Contaminants in Wildlife ................................................................. 35 3. KEY ACTIONS TAKEN 2007-2015 .........................37 3.1. Legislation, Regulations and Major Initiatives ..................................... 37 3.1.1. Pesticides Act ................................................................................ 37 3.1.2. Toxics Reduction Act, 2009 and Ontario Regulation 455/09 ............ 37 3.1.3. Great Lakes Strategy and Great Lakes Protection Act ...................... 37 3.1.4. Ontario’s 12-Point Plan on Blue-Green Algal Blooms ....................... 38 3.1.5. Spill Prevention and Contingency Plans Regulation ......................... 38 3.1.6. Source Water Protection ................................................................. 38 3.1.7. Rouge National Urban Park ............................................................ 38 3.1.8. Coordinated Land-Use Planning Review ......................................... 39 3.2. Clean Waters ................................................................................... 39 3.2.1. Wet Weather Flows in the City of Toronto ........................................ 39 3.2.2. Other Stormwater Management Initiatives ....................................... 42 3.2.3. Eliminating Dry Weather Flows ....................................................... 43 i 3.2.4. Sewers Bylaw ................................................................................. 43 3.2.5. Improving Beach Water Quality ..................................................... 43 3.2.6. Rural and Agricultural Activities ...................................................... 45 3.3. Healthy Habitats ............................................................................. 46 3.3.1. Terrestrial Natural Heritage System ................................................. 46 3.3.2. Terrestrial Habitat Creation and Enhancement ................................ 46 3.3.3. Reforestation and Riparian Vegetation ............................................ 47 3.3.4. Aquatic Habitat Creation and Enhancement ................................... 47 3.4. Healthy Fish and Wildlife ................................................................. 52 3.4.1. Fisheries Management Plans .......................................................... 52 3.4.2. Fish Barrier Mitigation .................................................................... 52 3.5. Sustainable Watersheds and Waterfront ............................................. 53 3.5.1. Sustainable Watershed Actions ....................................................... 53 3.5.2. Sustainable Waterfront Actions ....................................................... 54 3.6. Monitoring and Science ................................................................... 54 3.6.1. Monitoring Actions ......................................................................... 54 3.6.2. Science Actions ............................................................................. 55 3.7. Stewardship and Education .............................................................. 59 4. PROGRESS MADE SINCE 2007 ..............................61 4.1. Progress on Beneficial Use Impairments ............................................ 63 4.1.1. Degradation of Benthos .......................................................... 63 4.1.2. Restrictions on Dredging Activities .......................................... 63 4.1.3. Fish Tumours or Other Deformities .......................................... 64 4.1.4. Bird or Animal Deformities or Reproductive Problems ............... 65 4.1.5. Degradation of Aesthetics....................................................... 66 4.1.6. Restrictions on Fish Consumption ........................................... 67 4.1.7. Degradation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Communities .... 68 4.2. Progress on Priority Actions from the 2007 RAP Progress Report ......... 69 5. KEY ACTIONS FOR DE-LISTING (2016-2020) ..........81 5.1. Addressing Eutrophication and Undesirable Algae ............................. 81 5.2. Improving Conditions at Waterfront Beaches ...................................... 82 5.3. Improving the Health of Fish and Wildlife Populations and Habitats ..... 82 5.4. Restrictions on Fish Consumption ..................................................... 84 5.5. Degradation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Communities .............. 84 6. LOOKING FORWARD TO 2020 ................................85 Appendix A: ...................................................................................................... 88 Re-designation Criteria for Remaining BUIs ................................................ 88 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Toronto and Region Remedial Action Plan (RAP) is aimed at restoring the health of Toronto’s waters and habitats and has been underway since 1987. This report – Within Reach: 2015 Toronto and Region RAP Progress Report – outlines the key actions that have been carried out and the progress that has been made since the last Progress Report was prepared in 2007. This update highlights the positive strides we have made towards delisting success. Since the RAP began in 1987, agencies, municipalities and non-governmental organizations have worked together to improve the environmental conditions in the Toronto RAP area. Implementation of remedial and restoration actions began in 1994 and has led to significant and demonstrable improvements in the quality of water and sediment, the amount and condition of terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and the health of aquatic biota and aquatic communities. Key outcomes include: • phosphorus levels along the waterfront are no longer an issue and meet the mesotrophic target set for the RAP (although continued work on critical wet weather flow infrastructure is needed to ensure that this does not change); • there has been a substantial reduction in loadings of E. coli to the waterfront which has resulted in a steady decline in beach closings
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