DOCSLIB.ORG

And Bedellia Somnulentella (Zeller), Have Potential As Control Agents of Bindweed in Areas Where Sweet Potato Is Not Grown Commercially

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And Bedellia Somnulentella (Zeller), Have Potential As Control Agents of Bindweed in Areas Where Sweet Potato Is Not Grown Commercially ~ OIDAEMATOPHORUS MONODACTYLUS (L.) AND BEDELLIA SOMNULENTELLA (ZELLER): TWO POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF HEDGE BINDWEED;IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA By Michael Peter,Parrellal/ J Thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in ENTOMOLOGY Approved: Dr. L. T. Kok, Chairman Dr. R. L. Pienkowski Dr. D. G. Cochran Dr. J. McD. Grayson May, 1977 Blacksburg, Virginia To My Parents- whos e encouragement and support made this possible ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to whose understanding, patience and guidance aided immeasurably in the development of this thesis and myself as a researcher. I would also like to thank for helpful critical reviews of the manuscripts and thesis proper. My appreciation is extended to and for supplying the sweet potato varieties, and to for insect identification. I wish to express my gratitude to my colleague and friend, for his advice and assistance along the way. and his wife, , made Virginia a much better place to live. I am indebted to who helped statistically, verbally, and physically in many of my research endeavors. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to for some typing and proof reading, and for providing incentive during the last few months. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements iii List of Figures vii List of Tables ix I. Introduction 1 II. Literature Review 3 The Genus Convolvulus 3 A. Convolvulus arvensis - Field Bindweed 4 B. Convolvulus sepium - Hedge Bindweed 5 Biology of Bindweed 8 Control of Bindweed 12 A. Legislative Control 13 B. Mechanical and Physical Control 13 C. Cultural Control: Cropping and Competition 14 D. Chemical Control 15 E. Current Control Methods 16 F. Biological Control 19 G. Taxonomy 20 a) Oidaematophorus monodactylus (L.) 20 b) Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller) 21 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. - Sweet Potato 23 The Biological Control of Weeds 24 iv III. Bionomics of Oidaematophorus monodactylus on Hedge Bindweed in Southwestern Virginia: A. Introduction 26 B. Materials and Methods: a) Oviposition Studies of Adults 27 b) Egg and Larval Development 28 C. Results and Discussion: a) Adult Stage: Description and Oviposition Studies 29 b) Egg Stage 32 c) Larva!' Stage 32 d) Pupal Stage 37 e) Life-Cycle 37 IV. Feasibility of Using Oidaematophorus monodactylus as a Biological Control Agent of Hedge Bindweed: A. Introduction 41 B. Materials and Methods: a) Ovipositional Preference Test 42 b) Development on Different Varieties of Sweet Potato 43 c) Effectiveness of O. monodactylus in Suppressing Hedge Bindweed: (i) Greenhouse Cage Study 43 (ii) Field Cage Study 44 d) Colony Initiation, Mass Rearing, and Cost Analysis 45 C. Results and Discussion: a) Ovipositional Preference Test 47 b) Development on Different Varieties of Sweet Potato 47 v c) Effectiveness of Q. monodactylus in Suppressing Hedge Bindweed: (i) Greenhouse Cage Study 48 (ii) Field Cage Study 51 d) Colony Initiation, Mass Rearing, and Cost Analysis 57 V. Studies on the Development and Reproduction of Bedellia somnulentella on Hedge Bindweed and Sweet Potato: A. Introduction 66 B. Mat~rials and Methods: a) Adult Data: Effect of Sex Ratio on Fecundity and Longevity, and Oviposition Preference 68 b) Egg, Larval and Pupal Development 70 c) Development of B. somnulentella on 9 varieties of Sweet Potato 70 C. Results and Discussion: a) Adult Data: Effect of Sex Ratio on Fecundity and Longevity, and Oviposition Preference 71 b) Egg, Larval and Pupal Development 74 c) Development of B. somnulentella on 9 Varieties of Sweet Potato 78. Summary 80 Literature Cited 83 Vita 92 Abstract vi LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. - Adult female plume moth, Oidaematophorus monodactylus. 30 Fig. 2. - Rearing jar of O. monodactylus adults. 31 Fig. 3. - Various stages of O. monodactylus: A) eggs, B) 1st instar, and C) 2nd instar. 33 Fig. 4. - Results of the Greenhouse Cage Study: A) day of release of 1st instars, B) 20 days after release (5 larvae per leaf). 50 Fig. 5. - Cages used in the Field Cage Study: A) cages with their corresponding skirts set in position, B) one cage in its final position with dirt filled in. 52 Fig. 6. - Effect of varying densities of O. monodactylus larvae on leaf and shoot production and total length of a hedge bindweed plant. 54 Fig. 7. - Fourth instar of Q· monodactylus. 56 Fig. 8. Larval rearing apparatus: A) 120 ml container with bindweed, B) vials with water, C) vial rack. 59 Fig. 9. - Rate of O. monodactylus hatch after different periods at 4.40 C (r = -0.98). 60 Fig. 10. - Bell-shaped rearing jar of B. somnulentella adults. 69 Fig. 11. - Adult female leaf miner, Bedellia somnulentella. 72 vii Fig. 12. - Effect of sex ratio on the fecundity of B. somnulentella (r = -0.97). 73 Fig. 13. - Fourth instar of B. somnulentella: A) inside a mine in a sweet potato leaf, B) on the surface of a sweet potato leaf. 77 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. - Distinguishing characters of field and hedge bindweed. 6 Table 2. - Differences between the bindweeds used for quick field identification. 7 Table 3. - Descriptive data on the developmental stages of _Q. monodactylus. 34 Table 4. - Development and feeding of 0. monodactylus at different temperatures. 36 Table 5. - Larval development time, feeding capacity, and weight of Q. monodactylus at different temperatures. 38 Table 6. - Comparison of observed life cycles of 0. monodactylus in different areas. 39 Table 7. - Effect of varying densities of 0. monodactylus larvae released on caged hedge bindweed plants in the greenhouse and resulting adult emergence. 49 Table 8. - Effect of varying densities of _Q. monodactylus larvae released on caged hedge bindweed plants in the field and resulting adult emergence. 53 Table 9. - Rearing data for Q. monodactylus. 61 Table 10. - Proposed schedule for rearing 10,000 third instars of Q. monodactylus at 23.9 0 C, 15-h photoperiod, RH 60-90% in southwestern Virginia. 62 ix Table 11. ~ Cost estimate to initially rear 10,000 Q. monodactylus larvae on hedge bindweed. 63 Table 12. - Effect of temperature on the development of B. somnulentella. 75 x I. INTRODUCTION An important aspect of the biological control of a weed is to survey the insect fauna associated with the target weed throughout its growing season. This should: 1) provide information about the success of the weed, 2) reveal any insects, either indigenous or naturalized,. which appear to have an impact on its normal development and 3) prevent the introduction of potential control agents which are already present. Basic studies on the insects and factors affecting their ability to control the weed would help in the selection of potential biological control agents. It may be possible to introduce a closely related species which can avoid being restricted by limiting factors and thus be more effective in controlling the weed. The possibility also exists of aug- menting the population of a potentially effective species by increasing its numbers or improving its synchronization with the target host. Inundative releases for the control of an insect pest has its roots in classical biological control (Debach 1964; Stinner 1977). Although this has not been attempted in the biological control of weeds, the augmenta- tion of Bactra verutana Zeller for the control of nutsedge was advocated by Frick and Garcia (1975) and Frick (1977). A survey of the insect fauna associated with hedge and field bind- weed (Convolvulus sepium L. and f· arvensis L., respectively) in Virginia was initiated in 1972 (Parrella and Kok 1975). Most of the sampling and subsequent work involved only hedge bindweed because of its abundance in Montgomery and surrounding counties. Based on the preliminary surveys, two insects feeding on this weed were selected for further studies. -1- -2- These are the plume moth, Oidaematophorus monodactylus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae), and the "Morning Glory Leaf Miner", Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Previous workers (Mohyuddin 1969; Ghani et al. 1975) indicated that both these insects have potential as biological control agents of Convolvulus spp. where sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is not grown conunercially. However, some questions relating to the insects' effectiveness, reproductive capacity, and host preference would have to be resolved before a control program using these insects as control agents could be initiated. This study was undertaken to ascertain: 1) further developmental aspects of these insects on bindweed and sweet potato, 2) their effectiveness in controlling bindweed in the field, and 3) the feasibility of using them in a biological control program. II. LITERATURE REVIEW The Genus Convolvulus L. The genus Convolvulus L. of the tribe Convolvuleae (fam. Convolvulaceae) contains about 200 species (Bailey 1949), all of which are Eurasian in origin. This genus is derived from the Latin word convolvere, meaning to entwine. In temperate regions, the Convolvulaceae are mostly twining or trailing plants. Most of the species are weeds; a few are cultivated as ornamentals. Rickett (1966) recognized 3 species of Convolvulus occurring in the northeastern United States: C. arvensis L., f· sepium L., and f· spithamaeus L. The latter species is not recognized as an economically important weed by the Weed Science Society of America (Darrow et al. 1967) and is not considered further in this thesis. Fernald (1950) included two other genera in the genus Convolvulus: Volvulus Medic. and Calystegia R. Br. (Gray). In general Convolvulus spp. are perennial weeds with the following characteristics: style undi- vided and cleft at the apex; corolla funnelform to campanulate; stamens present; 2 stigmas linear-filiform to subulate or slenderly ovoid; capsule globose to sub-globose; 2 locular or 4 imperfectly locular or 1 locular by abortion. The plants may be shrubby, twining erect or prostrate. The most striking anatomical characteristic of the family Convolvulaceae is the occurrence of rows of secretory cells with milky, resinous contents (Wagner 1973).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Two Ageratina Species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa
    Biological control of two Ageratina species (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) in South Africa F. Heystek1*, A.R. Wood2, S. Neser1 & Y. Kistensamy1 1Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, 0121 South Africa 2Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599 South Africa Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. and Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), originally from Mexico, are invasive in many countries. These plants produce thousands of wind- and water-dispersed seeds which enable them to spread rapidly and invade stream banks and moist habitats in areas with high rainfall. Two biological control agents, a shoot-galling fly, Procecidochares utilis Stone (Diptera: Tephri- tidae), and a leaf-spot fungus, Passalora ageratinae Crous & A.R. Wood (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae), were introduced against A. adenophora in South Africa in 1984 and 1987, respectively. Both established but their impact is considered insufficient. Exploratory trips to Mexico between 2007 and 2009 to search for additional agents on A. adenophora produced a gregarious leaf-feeding moth, Lophoceramica sp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a stem-boring moth, probably Eugnosta medioxima (Razowski) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leaf-mining beetle, Pentispa fairmairei (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), and a leaf-rust, Baeodromus eupatorii (Arthur) Arthur (Pucciniales: Pucciniosiraceae) all of which have been subjected to preliminary investigations. Following its success in Hawaii, the white smut fungus, Entyloma ageratinae R.W. Barreto & H.C. Evans (Entylomatales: Entylomataceae), was introduced in 1989 to South Africa against A. riparia. Its impact has not been evaluated since its establishment in 1990 in South Africa. By 2009, however, A.
    [Show full text]
  • RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1995 Part 2: Notes1
    RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1995 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1995 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more compre- hensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this Records [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45]. New Hawaiian Pest Plant Records for 1995 PATRICK CONANT (Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 S King St, Honolulu, HI 96814) Fabaceae Ulex europaeus L. New island record On 6 October 1995, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife employee C. Joao submitted an unusual plant he found while work- ing in the Molokai Forest Reserve. The plant was identified as U. europaeus and con- firmed by a Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) nox-A survey of the site on 9 October revealed an infestation of ca. 19 m2 at about 457 m elevation in the Kamiloa Distr., ca. 6.2 km above Kamehameha Highway. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i, p. 716) listed as Maui and Hawaii. Material examined: MOLOKAI: Molokai Forest Reserve, 4 Dec 1995, Guy Nagai s.n. (BISH). Melastomataceae Miconia calvescens DC. New island record, range extensions On 11 October, a student submitted a leaf specimen from the Wailua Houselots area on Kauai to PPC technician A. Bell, who had the specimen confirmed by David Lorence of the National Tropical Botanical Garden as being M.
    [Show full text]
  • Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist
    Big Creek Lepidoptera Checklist Prepared by J.A. Powell, Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. For a description of the Big Creek Lepidoptera Survey, see Powell, J.A. Big Creek Reserve Lepidoptera Survey: Recovery of Populations after the 1985 Rat Creek Fire. In Views of a Coastal Wilderness: 20 Years of Research at Big Creek Reserve. (copies available at the reserve). family genus species subspecies author Acrolepiidae Acrolepiopsis californica Gaedicke Adelidae Adela flammeusella Chambers Adelidae Adela punctiferella Walsingham Adelidae Adela septentrionella Walsingham Adelidae Adela trigrapha Zeller Alucitidae Alucita hexadactyla Linnaeus Arctiidae Apantesis ornata (Packard) Arctiidae Apantesis proxima (Guerin-Meneville) Arctiidae Arachnis picta Packard Arctiidae Cisthene deserta (Felder) Arctiidae Cisthene faustinula (Boisduval) Arctiidae Cisthene liberomacula (Dyar) Arctiidae Gnophaela latipennis (Boisduval) Arctiidae Hemihyalea edwardsii (Packard) Arctiidae Lophocampa maculata Harris Arctiidae Lycomorpha grotei (Packard) Arctiidae Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval) Arctiidae Spilosoma vestalis Packard Argyresthiidae Argyresthia cupressella Walsingham Argyresthiidae Argyresthia franciscella Busck Argyresthiidae Argyresthia sp. (gray) Blastobasidae ?genus Blastobasidae Blastobasis ?glandulella (Riley) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.1) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.2) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.3) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.4) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.5) Blastobasidae Holcocera (sp.6) Blastobasidae Holcocera gigantella (Chambers) Blastobasidae
    [Show full text]
  • PLUME MOTHS of AFGHANISTAN (LEPIDOPTERA, PTEROPHORIDAE) 1Altai State University, Lenina 61
    Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 183 UDC 595.7(262.81) Peter Ustjuzhanin,1,6* Vasily Kovtunovich,2 Igor Pljushtch,3 Juriy Skrylnik4, Oleg Pak5 PLUME MOTHS OF AFGHANISTAN (LEPIDOPTERA, PTEROPHORIDAE) 1Altai State University, Lenina 61. RF-656049. Barnaul, Russia. 2 Moscow Society of Nature Explorers. Home address: Russia, Moscow, 121433, Malaya Filevskaya str., 24/1, app. 20. 3Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Bogdan Khmielnitski str., 15, 01601, Kiev, Ukraine. 4 Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry & Forest Melioration, 61024, Pushkinska str. 86, Kharkov, Ukraine. 5 Donetsk National University, Faculty of Biology, Shchors str., 46, 83050, Donetsk, Ukraine. 6*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] New data on Pterophoridae from Afghanistan are considered. A checklist of Pterophoridae species of the fauna of Afghanistan is presented, as including 32 species of 14 genera. Merrifieldia tridactyla is for the first time recorded for the fauna of Afghanistan. The basic literature on the Afghanistan Pterophoridae were used in the study. Key words: Pterophoridae, plume moths, Afghanistan, fauna, new data. INTRODUCTION Many Pterophoridae as Cossidae are specific inhabitants of the arid regions of the Palaearctic. Usually deserts are good zoogeographical barriers preventing from mixing the faunas of different zoogeographical regions (Yakovlev & Dubatolov 2013; Yakovlev, 2015; Yakovlev et al., 2015). Until now there were no special publications on Pterophoridae from Afghanistan. The first description of a new species of Pterophoridae, Stenoptilia nurolhaki, from Afghanistan was in the work by Amsel (1967), In a series of works by Ernst Arenberger (1981, 1987, 1995), six new species were described from Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Oidaematophorus (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from Chingaza National Natural Park in Colombia
    TENNENT ET AL.: New species of Epimastidia and Paraduba HERNÁNDEZ ET AL.: New species of Oidaematophorus TROP. LEPID. RES., 24(1): 15-21, 2014 15 A NEW SPECIES OF OIDAEMATOPHORUS (LEPIDOPTERA: PTEROPHORIDAE) FROM CHINGAZA NATIONAL NATURAL PARK IN COLOMBIA Linda C. Hernández1, Luz Stella Fuentes2a, Gonzalo E. Fajardo2b, and Deborah L. Matthews3 1Departamento de Entomología, Centro de Bio-Sistemas Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano., Bogotá, Colombia, [email protected]; 2Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano., Bogotá, Colombia, [email protected], [email protected]; 3McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, [email protected] Abstract - Oidaematophorus espeletiae, sp. nov., is described from the Chingaza páramo in Colombia. The life history, external characters of the adult, male and female genitalia, final instar larva, and pupa are described and illustrated. This moth species is widely distributed in the páramo. Larvae cause damage in meristem leaves of frailejones (Espeletia spp., Asteraceae). Identification and continuing studies of this moth are important to determine its potential role in the reported death of numerous frailejones in the area. The hosts, Espeletia grandiflora and E. uribei are some of the keystone species of the páramo ecosytem. Resumen - Se describe Oidaematophorus espeletiae, sp. nov del páramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Se describen e ilustran la historia de vida, caracteres externos del adulto, genitalia de macho y hembra, último instar larval, y pupa. Esta polilla se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en el páramo. Las larvas ocasionan daños en las hojas del meristemo de los frailejones (Espeletia spp., Asteraceae).
    [Show full text]
  • Field Bindweed in California
    ers, seeds, or seed capsules. The most Field bindweed in California destructive organisms are the seed bee- tles (Bruchidae), especially Sperrnopha- The outlook for biological control gus sericeus (Geoffroy). In Greece, smut caused by the fungus Thecophora se- minis-convolvuli (Desmaz.) Lioro infects Sara S. Rosenthal 0 Lloyd A. Andres 0 Carl B. Huffaker up to 17 percent of the seeds. Stem and root feeders. The remain- ing Mediterranean natural enemies at- tack the stems and roots. The agromyzid fly, Melanagromyza albocilia Hendel, is Biological control is seldom attempt- fornia, we have found a pattern that the most widespread stem borer. The ed against weeds on cultivated lands, may be used to help select the most pyralid moth, Noctuelia floralis because herbicides generally provide suitable European organisms for bio- (Huebner), attacks stems and roots ex- economical, efficient control, and farm- logical control. ternally. The most common root feeder ing practices may interfere with the Our discussion focuses on such spe- is the larva of the flea beetle, Longitar- biological agents. Field bindweed, how- cies and excludes many insects attract- sus pellucidus Foudras (or very near). ever, reproduces from seeds that may ed to the flowers for pollen or nectar as The adult feeds on the leaves. remain alive in the soil for more than 40 well as many crop pests for which field years and from an extensive perennial bindweed is an alternate host. For ex- California plant feeders root system. Control by cultivation or ample, we did not include the spider Foliage feeders. As might be expect- chemicals is difficult, at best.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweetpotato Leaf Miner (341)
    Pacific Pests and Pathogens - Fact Sheets https://apps.lucidcentral.org/ppp/ Sweetpotato leaf miner (341) Photo 1. Larval mines of the sweetpotato leafminer, Photo 1. Adult sweetpotato leafminer, Bedellia Bedellia somnulentella. somnulentella. Photo 3. Adult sweetpotato leafminer, Bedellia somnulentella, showing the fringed fore and hindwings. Common Name Sweetpotato leaf miner, morning glory leafminer Scientific Name Bedellia somnulentella; previously known as Bedellia ipomoeae. Distribution Worldwide. Asia, Africa, North America, Europe, Oceania. It is present in Australia, Fiji1, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Hosts Sweet potato, kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), and bindweeds (Calstegia and Convolvulus species). Symptoms & Life Cycle The damage is done by the larvae. Mines are at first serpentine (snake-like), and filled with frass; they become yellow-brown and later grow in width, forming blotches (Photo 1). At this stage, the larvae protrude from the blotch to defaecate. Later still, holes are produced in the leaves as the blotches are destroyed. The eggs are laid on the leaves, usually on the underside near the midrib, veins or base of the leaf blade. The larvae are yellowish with pink spots along the back, developing into red rounded projections on all segments. When mature, the larvae are 5.5 mm long. They exit the mines and make a network of silk threads on the underside of the leaf. When not feeding, they move around inside the threads, above the leaf surface. Frass often catches in the web of threads. The larvae pupate there. Adults are greyish brown, 3.5-4 mm long, with a tuft of light yellow to brown hairs on the head, and wingspan of 8-10 mm (Photos 2&3).
    [Show full text]
  • Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungary in Summer
    Hungary in Summer Naturetrek Tour Report 9 – 16 August 2016 Keeled Skimmer by Clive Pickton Crested Lark by Gerard Gorman Geometrician by Paul Harmes White-tailed Skimmer by Clive Pickton Report by Gerard Gorman & Paul Harmes. Images by Gerard Gorman, Clive Pickton & Paul Harmes Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Hungary in Summer Tour Leaders: Paul Harmes (leader), Gerard Gorman(Local Guide & Tour manager & Driver: Norbert With eight Naturetrek clients Day 1 Tuesday 9th August Fly Heathrow to Budapest – Transfer to the Kiskunsag.Area Eight group members met with Paul at London’s Heathrow, Terminal 3 for the 8.50am British Airways flight BA866 to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International (formerly Ferihegy) Airport. On arrival we completed immigration formalities, collected our luggage and made our way to the arrivals hall where we were met by Gerard, our local guide, and Norbert, our driver for the week. Before very long, Norbert had loaded our luggage into the bus, and we were on our way south towards the Kiskunsag National Park. After about an hour we passed through the village of Bugyi, making a stop to see nesting White Stork. Moving on south, we recorded Red-backed Shrike, Common Kestrel and Western Marsh Harrier, before stopping at country store at Szittyourbo. Here we had a snack lunch and local coffee, and got our first look at this sandy habitat. Essex Skipper, Meadow Brown and Chestnut Heath butterflies were seen, as well as Straw Belle and Rose-banded Wave moths.
    [Show full text]
  • ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Convolvulus Arvensis L. Field Bindweed to the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (Esas) Are Pr
    1 ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed To the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's Stewardship staff and other land managers with current management related information on those species and communities that are most important to protect, or most important to control. The abstracts organize and summarize data from numerous sources including literature and researchers and managers actively working with the species or community. We hope, by providing this abstract free of charge, to encourage users to contribute their information to the abstract. This sharing of information will benefit all land managers by ensuring the availability of an abstract that contains up-to-date information on management techniques and knowledgeable contacts. Contributors of information will be acknowledged within the abstract. For ease of update and retrievability, the abstracts are stored on computer. Anyone with comments, questions, or information on current or past monitoring, research, or management programs for the species described in this abstract is encouraged to contact The Nature Conservancy’s Wildland Weeds Management and Research Program. This abstract is a compilation of available information and is not an endorsement of particular practices or products. Please do not remove this cover statement from the attached abstract. Author of this Abstract: Kelly E. Lyons Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis. THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia 22203-1606 (703) 841-5300 2 SPECIES CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulus is derived from the Latin, convolere, meaning to entwine, and arvensis means ‘of fields’ (Gray, 1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Autostichidae, Bedellidae, Batrachedridae, Carposinidae, Epermeniidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae, Tortricidae)
    ©www.senckenberg.de/; download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/ CONTRIBUTIONS Beiträge zur Entomologie 66 (2): 347 - 370 20Ï6 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2016 SENCKENBERG New or poorly known Microlepidoptera from the Mascarenes (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae, Bedellidae, Batrachedridae, Carposinidae, Epermeniidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae, Tortricidae) With 79 figures Ma k Bippus 1 1 193 bis CD41, 97419 La Possession, La Réunion. [email protected] Published on 2016-12-20 Summary Peragrarchis martirea (Carposinidae), Epermenia senaciae (Epermeniidae), Opogona transversata and Tineovertex flavilineata (Tineidae) are described as new species, and Idioglossa bigemma mascarena (Batrachedridae) as a new subspecies, from the Mascarene island of La Réunion, and Mauritius. Eleven species are new for the fauna of La Réun­ ion, two are new for the fauna of Mauritius. New host plants are reported for twelve species. Opogona reunionella G uillerm et, 2011 was found to be a new synonym of Opogona siccata (M ey rick , 1910), based on the study of type material and additional specimens. Key words Lepidoptera, Autostichidae, Bedellidae, Batrachedridae, Carposinidae, Epermeniidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae, Tortricidae, Mascarenes, taxonomy, new species, new synonym, additional records Zusammenfassung Von den maskarenenischen Inseln La Réunion und Mauritius werden Peragrarchis martirea (Carposinidae), Eper­ menia senaciae (Epermeniidae), Opogona transversata und Tineovertex flavilineata (Tineidae) als neue Arten und Idioglossa bigemma mascarena (Batrachedridae) als neue Unterart beschrieben. Elf Arten sind neu für die Fauna von La Réunion, zwei für die Fauna von Mauritius. Für zwölf Arten wurden neue Futterpflanzen festgestellt. Opogona reunionella G uillerm et, 2011 erwies sich nach der Untersuchung des Typenmaterials und weiterer Exemplare als Synonym zu Opogona siccata (M eyrick, 1910).
    [Show full text]