Lunar Nano Drone for a Mission of Exploration of Lava Tubes on the Moon: Propulsion System
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Spring 2018 Undergraduate Law Journal
SPRING 2018 UNDERGRADUATE LAW JOURNAL The Final Frontier: Evolution of Space Law in a Global Society By: Garett Faulkender and Stephan Schneider Introduction “Space: the final frontier!” These are the famous introductory words spoken by William Shatner on every episode of Star Trek. This science-fiction TV show has gained a cult-following with its premise as a futuristic Space odyssey. Originally released in 1966, many saw the portrayed future filled with Space-travel, inter-planetary commerce and politics, and futuristic technology as merely a dream. However, today we are starting to explore this frontier. “We are entering an exciting era in [S]pace where we expect more advances in the next few decades than throughout human history.”1 Bank of America/Merrill Lynch has predicted that the Space industry will grow to over $2.7 trillion over the next three decades. Its report said, “a new raft of drivers is pushing the ‘Space Age 2.0’”.2 Indeed, this market has seen start-up investments in the range of $16 billion,3 helping fund impressive new companies like Virgin Galactic and SpaceX. There is certainly a market as Virgin Galactic says more than 600 customers have registered for a $250,000 suborbital trip, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Katy Perry, Ashton Kutcher, and physicist Stephen Hawking.4 Although Space-tourism is the exciting face of a future in Space, the Space industry has far more to offer. According to the Satellite Industries 1 Michael Sheetz, The Space Industry Will Be Worth Nearly $3 Trillion in 30 Years, Bank of America Predicts, CNBC, (last updated Oct. -
For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE
Media Contact: Kyoko Yonezawa [email protected] For Immediate Release: TWO GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE TEAMS ANNOUNCE RIDESHARE PARTNERSHIP FOR MISSION TO THE MOON IN 2016 Team HAKUTO (Japan) and Team Astrobotic (U.S.) Plan Cooperative Launch in Pursuit of $30 Million Prize to Land a Private Spacecraft on the Lunar Surface TOKYO, Japan (February 24, 2015) – HAKUTO, the only Japanese team competing for the $30 million Google Lunar XPRIZE, has announced a contract with fellow competitor, Astrobotic, based in Pittsburgh, Pa., to carry a pair of rovers to the moon. Astrobotic plans to launch its Google Lunar XPRIZE mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Fla., during the second half of 2016. HAKUTO’s twin rovers, Moonraker and Tetris, will piggyback on Astrobotic's Griffin lander to reach the lunar surface. Upon touchdown, the rovers will be released simultaneously with Astrobotic’s Andy rover, developed by Carnegie Mellon University, travel 500 meters on the moon’s surface and send high-definition images and video back to Earth, all in pursuit of the $20M Google Lunar XPRIZE Grand Prize. Last month, both teams were awarded Google Lunar XPRIZE Milestone Prizes: HAKUTO won $500,000 for technological advancements in the Mobility category, while Astrobotic, in partnership with Carnegie Mellon University, won a total of $1.75M for innovations in all three focus areas—Landing, Mobility and Imaging. Throughout the judging process, all three rovers, Moonraker, Tetris and Andy, demonstrated the ability to move 500 meters across the lunar surface and withstand the high radiation environment and extreme temperatures on the moon. -
From Biomimetic Chemistry to Bio‐Inspired Materials
www.advmat.de www.MaterialsViews.com REVIEW Progressive Macromolecular Self-Assembly: From Biomimetic Chemistry to Bio-Inspired Materials Yu Zhao , Fuji Sakai , Lu Su , Yijiang Liu , Kongchang Wei , Guosong Chen ,* and Ming Jiang * Dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of the Department of Macromolecular Science of Fudan University was highlighted, with the purpose of Macromolecular self-assembly (MSA) has been an active and fruitful research expanding the scope of chemistry.[ 1b ] At fi eld since the 1980s, especially in this new century, which is promoted by its early stage, biomimetic chemistry was the remarkable developments in controlled radical polymerization in polymer regarded as a branch of organic chemistry and the work concentrated on the level chemistry, etc. and driven by the demands in bio-related investigations and of molecules, formation and cleavage of applications. In this review, we try to summarize the trends and recent pro- covalent bonds following the way learning gress in MSA in relation to biomimetic chemistry and bio-inspired materials. from the living body. Artifi cial enzymes Our paper covers representative achievements in the fabrication of artifi cial aiming at fast and high selectivity have building blocks for life, cell-inspired biomimetic materials, and macro- been the key research subject in biomi- metic chemistry with emphasis on the molecular assemblies mimicking the functions of natural materials and their idea of molecular recognition, which is applications. It is true that the current status of the deliberately designed and also the center of supramolecular chem- obtained nano-objects based on MSA including a variety of micelles, multi- istry. Later, the principle and methodology compartment vesicles, and some hybrid and complex nano-objects is at their of biomimetic chemistry have gradually very fi rst stage to mimic nature, but signifi cant and encouraging progress expanded and penetrated to other sub-dis- has been made in achieving a certain similarity in morphologies or properties ciplines with great successes. -
Thermal Analysis of a Monopropellant Micropropulsion System for a Cubesat
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A MONOPROPELLANT MICROPROPULSION SYSTEM FOR A CUBESAT A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Degree in Aerospace Engineering by Erin C. Stearns August 2013 © 2013 Erin C. Stearns ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Thermal Analysis of a Monopropellant Micropropulsion System for a CubeSat AUTHOR: Erin C. Stearns DATE SUBMITTED: August 2013 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Dr. Kira Abercromby, Assistant Professor Cal Poly Aerospace Engineering Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Jordi Puig-Suari, Professor Cal Poly Aerospace Engineering Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Dr. Kim Shollenberger, Professor Cal Poly Mechanical Engineering Department COMMITTEE MEMBER: Chris Biddy, Vice President of Engineering Stellar Exploration, Inc. iii ABSTRACT Thermal Analysis of a Monopropellant Micropropulsion System for a CubeSat Erin C. Stearns Propulsive capabilities on a CubeSat are the next step in advancement in the Aerospace Industry. This is no longer a quest that is being sought by just university programs, but a challenge that is being taken on by all of the industry due to the low-cost missions that can be accomplished. At this time, all of the proposed micro-thruster systems still require some form of development or testing before being flight- ready. Stellar Exploration, Inc. is developing a monopropellant micropropulsion system designed specifically for CubeSat application. The addition of a thruster to a CubeSat would expand the possibilities of what CubeSat missions are capable of achieving. The development of these miniature systems comes with many challenges. One of the largest challenges that a hot thruster faces is the ability to complete burns for the specified mission without transferring excessive heat into the propulsion tank. -
Astrobotic: Commercial Service for Lunar Resource Payload Delivery
Lunar Exploration Analysis Group (2015) 2066.pdf ASTROBOTIC: COMMERCIAL SERVICE FOR LUNAR RESOURCE PAYLOAD DELIVERY. J. Thornton1, S. Huber2, K. Peterson3, D. Hendrickson4, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Astrobotic Technology, Inc. (2515 Liberty Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222). ing resource instruments on mul- Introduction: This paper describes how Astrobot- ti-customer missions to the Moon, ic’s commercial lunar delivery service is enabling ac- resource development investiga- cess to the Moon for activities such as lunar resource tions can be launched and iterated development payloads. Topics addressed here include at multiple sites on the lunar sur- current impediments to lunar resource development, face. Small instruments can be commercial approaches to delivering resource devel- sent to numerous destinations, on opment payloads to the Moon, and traction already many small rovers. This ap- seen with the commercial market for payload delivery. proach allows resource payloads Impediments to Lunar Resource Development: Figure 1: Astro- to fly without complicated and The prospect of utilizing lunar resources for future botic’s lunar tenuous bilateral space agency space exploration is promising, and could reduce the payload delivery partnerships. Multi-user commer- cost of missions beyond Earth orbit by a factor of four. model is an end- cial missions can also provide [1] Realizing these savings however, requires first the to-end commer- important precursor feasibility determination of lunar resource availability, and the cial delivery ser- assessments of resource develop- demonstration of resource extraction, refinement, and vice ideal for ment without a major financial utilization. The prior high-cost of robotic missions to lunar resource- commitment by one or more the Moon has placed an extraordinary barrier to these focused pay- space agencies. -
Lunar COTS: Using the Moon’S Resources to Enable an Economical and Sustainable Pathway to Mars and Beyond
Lunar COTS: Using the Moon’s Resources to Enable An Economical and Sustainable Pathway to Mars and Beyond Dr. Allison Zuniga, Dr. Dan Rasky, Bruce PiGman NASA Ames Research Center LEAG MeeIng, Nov. 1, 2016 1 Background • President Obama’s 2010 Naonal SPace Policy set the following goal for NASA: – By the mid-2030’s, send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. • As a result, NASA has established its Journey to Mars and Evolvable Mars CamPaign (EMC) to: - InvesIgate architectures to further define capabiliIes needed for a sustainable human presence on the surface of Mars. - Proving Ground Objecve: Understand the nature and distribuIon of volales and extracIon techniques and decide on their potenal use in future human exploraon architecture. • Under the EMC, NASA has also develoPed a Pioneering SPace Strategy with the following principles: - Opportuni)es for U.S. commercial business to further enhance the exPerience and business base; - Near-term mission oPPortuniIes with a cadence of human and roboIc missions Providing for an incremental buildup of capabilies; - SubstanIal new interna)onal and commercial partnerships, leveraging the current ISS PartnershiPs while building new cooPerave ventures. 2 Moon as a “Stepping Stone” to Mars • ProsPect and extract lunar resources to assess the From the Moon value proposion to NASA and our Partners. – Lunar resources may prove beneficial for inclusion in future Mars architectures, e.g., lunar-derived propellant • Apply the proven COTS model to develoP low-cost commercial capabiliIes and services, such as: – Lunar Landers and Rovers – Resource Prospecng Techniques – Lunar Mining and ISRU capabiliBes – Lunar Relay CommunicaBon Satellites – Power StaBons • Use campaigns of missions, instead of single missions, in a 3-Phase apProach to incrementally develoP capabiliIes and lower risks. -
2016 SRR / PTMSS Final Program
SEVENTH JOINT MEETING of the SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE and the PLANETARY & TERRESTRIAL MINING SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM Colorado School of Mines Golden, Colorado, USA June 7-9, 2016 SPACE RESOURCES ROUNDTABLE Message Welcome to the Seventh Joint Meeting of the Space Resources Roundtable (SRR) and the Planetary and Terrestrial Mining Sciences Symposium (PTMSS). This is undoubtedly an exciting time for the space resources community. Not since NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) initiative in 2004, has so much attention being placed on this area. However, this time is markedly different. In contrast to the VSE, interest is coming from a variety of participants with a wider set of objectives. New studies and projects incorporating ISRU technologies are being conducted for missions to the Moon, Mars, and asteroids by space agencies around the world and the commercial space sector, while legislation has been passed for commercial space-resource exploration and utilization. Even the release of a popular movie last year highlighted the critical role of space resources in human exploration and generated much excitement in the general public around this topic. It is now sufficiently clear that the use of space resources is a critical-path activity for the exploration and commercialization of space. This increased attention brings many unique opportunities, but also a call for greater involvement from our community. Given the realities of limited financial resources and shifting priorities in space programs worldwide, our expertise is needed to provide the necessary scientific, technical, legal, and policy guidance to move our field from the movie screen to a real component of space exploration. -
ILWS Report 137 Moon
Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Albury February 2020 © 2011, revised 2020. All rights reserved by the authors. The contents of this publication are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in existence or to be invented, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the authors, except where permitted by law. Preferred citation of this Report Spennemann, Dirk HR & Murphy, Guy (2020). Returning to the Moon. Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize. Institute for Land, Water and Society Report nº 137. Albury, NSW: Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University. iv, 35 pp ISBN 978-1-86-467370-8 Disclaimer The views expressed in this report are solely the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views of Charles Sturt University. Contact Associate Professor Dirk HR Spennemann, MA, PhD, MICOMOS, APF Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury NSW 2640, Australia. email: [email protected] Spennemann & Murphy (2020) Returning to the Moon: Heritage Issues Raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Page ii CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. HUMAN ARTEFACTS ON THE MOON 3 What Have These Missions Left BehinD? 4 Impactor Missions 10 Lander Missions 11 Rover Missions 11 Sample Return Missions 11 Human Missions 11 The Lunar Environment & ImpLications for Artefact Preservation 13 Decay caused by ascent module 15 Decay by solar radiation 15 Human Interference 16 3. -
IGNITION! an Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants by John D
IGNITION! U.S. Navy photo This is what a test firing should look like. Note the mach diamonds in the ex haust stream. U.S. Navy photo And this is what it may look like if something goes wrong. The same test cell, or its remains, is shown. IGNITION! An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants by John D. Clark Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. George Santayana RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS IS New Brunswick, New Jersey Copyright © 1972 by Rutgers University, the State University of New Jersey Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-185390 ISBN: 0-8135-0725-1 Manufactured in the United Suites of America by Quinn & Boden Company, Inc., Rithway, New Jersey This book is dedicated to my wife Inga, who heckled me into writing it with such wifely re marks as, "You talk a hell of a fine history. Now set yourself down in front of the typewriter — and write the damned thing!" In Re John D. Clark by Isaac Asimov I first met John in 1942 when I came to Philadelphia to live. Oh, I had known of him before. Back in 1937, he had published a pair of science fiction shorts, "Minus Planet" and "Space Blister," which had hit me right between the eyes. The first one, in particular, was the earliest science fiction story I know of which dealt with "anti-matter" in realistic fashion. Apparently, John was satisfied with that pair and didn't write any more s.f., kindly leaving room for lesser lights like myself. -
Delta Qualification Test of Aerojet Hydrazine
45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit AIAA 2009-5481 2 - 5 August 2009, Denver, Colorado Delta-Qualification Test of Aerojet 6 and 9 lbf MR-106 Monopropellant Hydrazine Thrusters for Use on the Atlas Centaur Upper Stage During the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Missions Jeffrey P. Honse1 Aerojet-General Corporation, Redmond, WA, 98052 Carl T. Bangasser2 United Launch Alliance, Littleton, CO, 80127 Michael J. Wilson3 Aerojet-General Corporation, Redmond, WA, 98052 This paper discusses a Delta-Qualification test of Aerojet’s 6 and 9 lbf monopropellant hydrazine MR-106 thrusters for use on the Atlas Centaur upper stage while operating in an atypical mode and for an extended period of time. This qualification testing was performed in support of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) missions. The primary objective of the LCROSS mission is to determine the presence or absence of water ice in a permanently shadowed crater near a lunar polar region. The accomplishment of this objective requires that the Atlas V rocket’s Centaur upper stage perform a LCROSS orbit insertion as well as a fly-by of the moon before the Centaur upper stage crashes into a lunar crater to create a debris plume. The LCROSS satellite will pass through the debris to collect and relay plume constituent data back to Earth. Prior to the LCROSS separation from the Centaur upper stage, the Centaur pneumatic pressurization system will transition from regulated to blow-down mode, which requires that the thrusters operate at a lower propellant feed pressure than had previously been qualified. -
Team Puli Reserves a Ride to the Moon
For Immediate Release Contact for Astrobotic: Mandy Fleeger [email protected] Contact for Puli Space Technologies: Dr. Tibor Pacher [email protected] Team Puli Space is the Third Google Lunar XPRIZE Team to Reserve a Ride to the Moon with Astrobotic Hungarian Company, Seventh Nation on Astrobotic’s Maiden Voyage to the Moon, is to Send a “Memory of Mankind” Time Capsule August 31, 2016 Tel Aviv / Pittsburgh / Budapest– Astrobotic Technology, Inc. and Puli Space Technologies Ltd. announced today at the Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP) Summit in Tel Aviv, Israel that they have signed an agreement to fly the first Hungarian payload to the Moon on Astrobotic’s upcoming first mission. The Hungarian team, Puli Space, joins fellow GLXP Teams HAKUTO from Japan, and AngelicvM from Chile, in reserving a ride to the surface of the Moon on Astrobotic’s Peregrine lander with a “Memory of Mankind (MoM) on the Moon” time capsule and an option to add their rover. This new partnership with Team Puli further extends Astrobotic’s mission of making the Moon accessible to the world by adding a seventh nation to be represented on their inaugural flight. With this payload reservation, Puli Space will send a unique time capsule for the MoM on the Moon project. The capsule will hold ceramic tablets containing archival imagery and texts of up to 5 million characters per tablet, readable with a 10x magnifier. "To fly with Astrobotic to the Moon is a unique opportunity for our team to set another exceptional mark in the long success story of Hungarian scientific and technical achievements," explained Dr. -
A Survey of Automatic Control Methods for Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines
A survey of automatic control methods for liquid-propellant rocket engines Sergio Pérez-Roca, Julien Marzat, Hélène Piet-Lahanier, Nicolas Langlois, Francois Farago, Marco Galeotta, Serge Le Gonidec To cite this version: Sergio Pérez-Roca, Julien Marzat, Hélène Piet-Lahanier, Nicolas Langlois, Francois Farago, et al.. A survey of automatic control methods for liquid-propellant rocket engines. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Elsevier, 2019, pp.1-22. 10.1016/j.paerosci.2019.03.002. hal-02097829 HAL Id: hal-02097829 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02097829 Submitted on 12 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. A survey of automatic control methods for liquid-propellant rocket engines Sergio Perez-Roca´ a,c,∗, Julien Marzata,Hel´ ene` Piet-Lahaniera, Nicolas Langloisb, Franc¸ois Faragoc, Marco Galeottac, Serge Le Gonidecd aDTIS, ONERA, Universit´eParis-Saclay, Chemin de la Huniere, 91123 Palaiseau, France bNormandie Universit´e,UNIROUEN, ESIGELEC, IRSEEM, Rouen, France cCNES - Direction des Lanceurs, 52 Rue Jacques Hillairet, 75612 Paris, France dArianeGroup SAS, Forˆetde Vernon, 27208 Vernon, France Abstract The main purpose of this survey paper is to review the field of convergence between the liquid-propellant rocket- propulsion and automatic-control disciplines.