Fasciola & Taenia
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A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications
Volume 1- Issue 5 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000419 Erick VG Komba. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access A Literature Survey of Common Parasitic Zoonoses Encountered at Post-Mortem Examination in Slaughter Stocks in Tanzania: Economic and Public Health Implications Erick VG Komba* Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Received: September 21, 2017; Published: October 06, 2017 *Corresponding author: Erick VG Komba, Senior lecturer, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania Abstract Zoonoses caused by parasites constitute a large group of infectious diseases with varying host ranges and patterns of transmission. Their public health impact of such zoonoses warrants appropriate surveillance to obtain enough information that will provide inputs in the design anddistribution, implementation prevalence of control and transmission strategies. Apatterns need therefore are affected arises by to the regularly influence re-evaluate of both human the current and environmental status of zoonotic factors. diseases, The economic particularly and in view of new data available as a result of surveillance activities and the application of new technologies. Consequently this paper summarizes available information in Tanzania on parasitic zoonoses encountered in slaughter stocks during post-mortem examination at slaughter facilities. The occurrence, in slaughter stocks, of fasciola spp, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid) cysts, Taenia saginata Cysts, Taenia solium Cysts and ascaris spp. have been reported by various researchers. Information on these parasitic diseases is presented in this paper as they are the most important ones encountered in slaughter stocks in the country. -
Drontal Nematocide and Cestocide for Cats
28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 1 Drontal Nematocide and Cestocide for cats Product information International Edition 28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 2 Bayer AG Business Group Animal Health D-51368 Leverkusen Germany 2 28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 3 Drontal Important note This product information on Drontal is based on the available results of controlled inter- national studies. User information is to be found in the instructions for use contained in the Drontal package inserts which have been approved by the regulatory authority. 3 28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 4 4 28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 5 Drontal Contents General Observations 6 The worm problem in cats 7 Roundworms (Nematodes) 7 Tapeworms (Cestodes) 8 Routes of infection 9 Oral infection 9 Percutaneous infection 10 Transmammary infection (post partum) 10 Damage to health in cats 11 Clinical manifestations 12 Routes of infection in man (false host) 13 Oral infection 13 Percutaneous 14 Damage to human health (man as false host) 15 Life cycle of the most important intestinal worms of the cat 18 1. Nematodes 18 2. Cestodes 21 Control of worm infections in cats 24 Diagnosis and prepatent periods 24 Treatment programmes 24 Drontal Product Profile 27 1. Active ingredients 27 2. Mode of action 28 3. Spectrum of activity/Indications 28 4. Dosage 28 5. Efficacy 29 6. Tolerability 32 References 33 5 28400 Aufbau neu 09.07.2003 13:27 Uhr Seite 6 Drontal General observations Worm infections continue to be a major problem in farm livestock and companion animals worldwide, as well as in man. -
Genetic Characterization, Species Differentiation and Detection of Fasciola Spp
Ai et al. Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:101 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/101 REVIEW Open Access Genetic characterization, species differentiation and detection of Fasciola spp. by molecular approaches Lin Ai1,2,3†, Mu-Xin Chen1,2†, Samer Alasaad4, Hany M Elsheikha5, Juan Li3, Hai-Long Li3, Rui-Qing Lin3, Feng-Cai Zou6, Xing-Quan Zhu1,6,7* and Jia-Xu Chen2* Abstract Liver flukes belonging to the genus Fasciola are among the causes of foodborne diseases of parasitic etiology. These parasites cause significant public health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, it is important to definitively characterize the Fasciola species. Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola spp. In this respect, the use of molecular techniques to identify and differentiate Fasciola spp. offer considerable advantages. The advent of a variety of molecular genetic techniques also provides a powerful method to elucidate many aspects of Fasciola biology, epidemiology, and genetics. However, the discriminatory power of these molecular methods varies, as does the speed and ease of performance and cost. There is a need for the development of new methods to identify the mechanisms underpinning the origin and maintenance of genetic variation within and among Fasciola populations. The increasing application of the current and new methods will yield a much improved understanding of Fasciola epidemiology and evolution as well as more effective means of parasite control. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular techniques that are being used for the genetic characterization, detection and genotyping of Fasciola spp. -
Fasciola Hepatica and Associated Parasite, Dicrocoelium Dendriticum in Slaughter Houses in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Advances in Infectious Diseases, 2018, 8, 1-9 http://www.scirp.org/journal/aid ISSN Online: 2164-2656 ISSN Print: 2164-2648 Fasciola hepatica and Associated Parasite, Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Slaughter Houses in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria Florence Oyibo Iyaji1, Clement Ameh Yaro1,2*, Mercy Funmilayo Peter1, Agatha Eleojo Onoja Abutu3 1Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria 2Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 3Department of Biology Education, Kogi State of Education Technical, Kabba, Nigeria How to cite this paper: Iyaji, F.O., Yaro, Abstract C.A., Peter, M.F. and Abutu, A.E.O. (2018) Fasciola hepatica and Associated Parasite, Fasciola hepatica is a parasite of clinical and veterinary importance which Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Slaughter causes fascioliasis that leads to reduction in milk and meat production. Bile Houses in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria. samples were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for ten (10) minutes in a centrifuge Advances in Infectious Diseases, 8, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4236/aid.2018.81001 machine and viewed microscopically to check for F. hepatica eggs. A total of 300 bile samples of cattle which included 155 males and 145 females were col- Received: July 20, 2016 lected from the abattoir. Results were analyzed using chi-square (p > 0.05). Accepted: January 16, 2018 The prevalence of F. gigantica and Dicrocoelium dentriticum is 33.0% (99) Published: January 19, 2018 and 39.0% (117) respectively. Age prevalence of F. hepatica revealed that 0 - 2 Copyright © 2018 by authors and years (33.7%, 29 cattle) were more infected than 2 - 4 years (32.7%, 70 cattle) Scientific Research Publishing Inc. -
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia Pisiformis
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia pisiformis Shaohua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; [email protected]; Tel.: +86-931-8342837 Received: 19 May 2019; Accepted: 1 July 2019; Published: 4 July 2019 Abstract: Taenia pisiformis is a tapeworm causing economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry worldwide. Due to the absence of genomic data, our knowledge on the developmental process of T. pisiformis is still inadequate. In this study, to better characterize differential and specific genes and pathways associated with the parasite developments, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval stage (TpM) and the adult stage (TpA) of T. pisiformis was performed by Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and de novo analysis. In total, 68,588 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 789 nucleotides (nt) and N50 of 1485 nt. Further, we identified 4093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TpA versus TpM, of which 3186 DEGs were upregulated and 907 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most DEGs involved in metabolic processes and Wnt signaling pathway were much more active in the TpA stage. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validated that the expression levels of the selected 10 DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, indicating that the transcriptomic data are reliable. The present study provides comparative transcriptomic data concerning two developmental stages of T. -
Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2
WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Redalyc.Endohelminth Parasites of the Freshwater Fish Zoogoneticus
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Martínez-Aquino, Andrés; Hernández-Mena, David Iván; Pérez-Rodríguez, Rodolfo; Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio; Pérez-Ponce de León, Gerardo Endohelminth parasites of the freshwater fish Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) from two springs in the Lower Lerma River, Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 82, núm. 4, diciembre, 2011, pp. 1132-1137 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42520885007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 1132-1137, 2011 Endohelminth parasites of the freshwater fish Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) from two springs in the Lower Lerma River, Mexico Endohelmintos parásitos del pez dulceacuícola Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) en dos manantiales de la cuenca del río Lerma bajo, México Andrés Martínez-Aquino1,3, David Iván Hernández-Mena1,3, Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez1,3, Rogelio Aguilar- Aguilar2 and Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León1 1Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. 2Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-399, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. 3Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. [email protected] Abstract. In order to establish the helminthological record of the viviparous fish species Zoogoneticus purhepechus, 72 individuals were collected from 2 localities, La Luz spring (n= 45) and Los Negritos spring (n= 27), both in the lower Lerma River, in Michoacán state, Mexico. -
Dr. Donald L. Price Center for Parasite Repository and Education College of Public Health, University of South Florida
Dr. Donald L. Price Center For Parasite Repository and Education College of Public Health, University of South Florida PRESENTS Sources of Infective Stages and Modes of Transmission of Endoparasites Epidemiology is the branch of science that deals with the distribution and spread of disease. How diseases are transmitted, i.e. how they are passed from an infected individual to a susceptible one is a major consideration. Classifying and developing terminology for what takes place has been approached in a variety of ways usually related to specific disease entities such as viruses, bacteria, etc. The definitions that follow apply to those disease entities usually classified as endoparasites i.e. those parasites that reside in a body passage or tissue of the definitive host or in some cases the intermediate host. When the definition of terms for the “Source of Infection” or “Mode of Infection” relate to prevention and/or control of an endoparasitic disease, they should be clearly described. For the source of infection, the medium (water, soil, utensils, etc.) or the host organism (vector, or intermediate host) on which or in which the infective stage can be found should be precisely identified. For the mode of transmission, the precise circumstances and means by which the infective stage is able to come in contact with, enter, and initiate an infection in the host should be described. SOURCE OF INFECTION There are three quite distinct and importantly different kinds of sources of the infective stage of parasites: Contaminated Sources, Infested Sources, and Infected Sources. CONTAMINATE SOURCES Contaminated Source, in parasitology, implies something that has come in contact with raw feces and is thereby polluted with feces or organisms that were present in it. -
Waterborne Zoonotic Helminthiases Suwannee Nithiuthaia,*, Malinee T
Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) 167–193 www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Review Waterborne zoonotic helminthiases Suwannee Nithiuthaia,*, Malinee T. Anantaphrutib, Jitra Waikagulb, Alvin Gajadharc aDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri Dunant Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand bDepartment of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand cCentre for Animal Parasitology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon Laboratory, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 2R3 Abstract This review deals with waterborne zoonotic helminths, many of which are opportunistic parasites spreading directly from animals to man or man to animals through water that is either ingested or that contains forms capable of skin penetration. Disease severity ranges from being rapidly fatal to low- grade chronic infections that may be asymptomatic for many years. The most significant zoonotic waterborne helminthic diseases are either snail-mediated, copepod-mediated or transmitted by faecal-contaminated water. Snail-mediated helminthiases described here are caused by digenetic trematodes that undergo complex life cycles involving various species of aquatic snails. These diseases include schistosomiasis, cercarial dermatitis, fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis. The primary copepod-mediated helminthiases are sparganosis, gnathostomiasis and dracunculiasis, and the major faecal-contaminated water helminthiases are cysticercosis, hydatid disease and larva migrans. Generally, only parasites whose infective stages can be transmitted directly by water are discussed in this article. Although many do not require a water environment in which to complete their life cycle, their infective stages can certainly be distributed and acquired directly through water. Transmission via the external environment is necessary for many helminth parasites, with water and faecal contamination being important considerations. -
REVEALING BIOTIC DIVERSITY: HOW DO COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE HUMAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS in a HYPERENDEMIC AREA Martina R
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Biology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 5-9-2018 REVEALING BIOTIC DIVERSITY: HOW DO COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE HUMAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A HYPERENDEMIC AREA Martina R. Laidemitt Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds Recommended Citation Laidemitt, Martina R.. "REVEALING BIOTIC DIVERSITY: HOW DO COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE HUMAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A HYPERENDEMIC AREA." (2018). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/279 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Martina Rose Laidemitt Candidate Department of Biology Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Eric S. Loker, Chairperson Dr. Jennifer A. Rudgers Dr. Stephen A. Stricker Dr. Michelle L. Steinauer Dr. William E. Secor i REVEALING BIOTIC DIVERSITY: HOW DO COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE HUMAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN A HYPERENDEMIC AREA By Martina R. Laidemitt B.S. Biology, University of Wisconsin- La Crosse, 2011 DISSERT ATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Biology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July 2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank my major advisor, Dr. Eric Samuel Loker who has provided me unlimited support over the past six years. His knowledge and pursuit of parasitology is something I will always admire. I would like to thank my coauthors for all their support and hard work, particularly Dr. -
Guidelines for the Control of Taenia Saginata in Meat of Domestic Cattle
GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF TAENIA SAGINATA IN MEAT OF DOMESTIC CATTLE CAC/GL 85-2014 CAC/GL 85-2014 2 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OBJECTIVES 3. SCOPE AND USE OF THE GUIDELINES 3.1. Scope 3.2. Use 4. DEFINITIONS 5. PRINCIPLES APPLYING TO CONTROL OF BOVINE CYSTICERCOSIS 6. PRELIMINARY RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 6.1. Identification of a food safety issue 6.2. Risk Profile 7. IDENTIFICATION, SELECTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RISK-BASED CONTROL MEASURES 7.1. Control measures at farm level 7.2. Post-slaughter control measures 7.2.1 Post mortem inspection 7.2.2 Alternative inspection procedures 7.2.3 Treatment of meat 7.2.4 Traceability for slaughtered cattle 7.2.5 Movement control and surveillance 7.3. Selection of risk-based control measures 7.3.1 Risk-based approach 8. MONITORING AND REVIEW 9. RISK COMMUNICATION CAC/GL 85-2014 3 1. INTRODUCTION Bovine cysticercosis refers to the infection of the striated muscle of cattle with the metacestode (e.g. cysticerci) of Taenia saginata, traditionally referred to as “Cysticercus bovis”. Humans acquire the infection (taeniasis or beef tapeworm infection) solely from consumption of raw or undercooked beef containing live cysticerci. Taeniasis in human populations varies worldwide with a high prevalence in some countries. Very few countries are free from T. saginata. Bovine cysticercosis is not a condition notifiable to the OIE and is regulated in some countries. The public health significance of T. saginata is limited due to the mostly benign clinical symptoms (or asymptomatic forms illustrated in the global ranking of foodborne parasites using a multicriteria ranking tool for scoring parasites based on public health criteria only during the FAO/WHO expert meeting on Foodborne Parasites – Multicriteria based ranking for risk management (Annex 5, Figure 2 of the report1). -
Cestóides Pseudophyllidea Parasitos De Congro-Rosa, Genypterus
28 http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/rbcv.2014.192 Cestóides Pseudophyllidea parasitos de congro-rosa, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 comercializados no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Pseudophyllidea cestodes parasitic in cusk-eel, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 purchased in the Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil Marcelo Knoff,* Sérgio Carmona de São Clemente,** Caroline Del Giudice de Andrada,*** Francisco Carlos de Lima,** Rodrigo do Espírito Santo Padovani,**** Michelle Cristie Gonçalves da Fonseca,* Renata Carolina Frota Neves,* Delir Corrêa Gomes* Resumo Entre outubro de 2002 e setembro de 2003 foram adquiridos 74 espécimes de Genypterus brasiliensis comercializados nos mercados dos municípios de Niterói e Rio de Janeiro. Estes foram necropsiados, filetados e seus órgãos analisados. Dos 74 espécimes analisados, 18 (24,3%) estavam parasitados por plerocercóides pertencentes ao gênero Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 na cavidade abdominal, serosa do intestino, intestino e musculatura, onde a intensidade média de infecção foi de 1,66 parasitos por peixe, a amplitude de variação da intensidade de infecção variou de um a sete e a abundância média foi de 0,40. Este é o primeiro registro de plerocercóides de Diphyllobothrium sp. em peixes teleósteos no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Diphyllobothrium sp., Genypterus brasiliensis, Brasil. Abstract Between October 2002 and September 2003 were collected 74 specimens of Genypterus brasiliensis purchased in the Niterói and Rio de Janeiro municipalities. Those were necropsied, fileted and their organs analyzed. From 74 specimens analyzed, 18 (24,3%) were parasitized by plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 on the cavity abdominal, intestine serose, intestine and musculature, where the mean intensity of infection was 1,66 parasites per fish, the range was one to seven and mean abundance was 0,40.