Drontal Nematocide and Cestocide for Cats
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Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2
WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Redalyc.Endohelminth Parasites of the Freshwater Fish Zoogoneticus
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Martínez-Aquino, Andrés; Hernández-Mena, David Iván; Pérez-Rodríguez, Rodolfo; Aguilar-Aguilar, Rogelio; Pérez-Ponce de León, Gerardo Endohelminth parasites of the freshwater fish Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) from two springs in the Lower Lerma River, Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 82, núm. 4, diciembre, 2011, pp. 1132-1137 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42520885007 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82: 1132-1137, 2011 Endohelminth parasites of the freshwater fish Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) from two springs in the Lower Lerma River, Mexico Endohelmintos parásitos del pez dulceacuícola Zoogoneticus purhepechus (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) en dos manantiales de la cuenca del río Lerma bajo, México Andrés Martínez-Aquino1,3, David Iván Hernández-Mena1,3, Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez1,3, Rogelio Aguilar- Aguilar2 and Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León1 1Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-153, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. 2Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 70-399, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico. 3Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. [email protected] Abstract. In order to establish the helminthological record of the viviparous fish species Zoogoneticus purhepechus, 72 individuals were collected from 2 localities, La Luz spring (n= 45) and Los Negritos spring (n= 27), both in the lower Lerma River, in Michoacán state, Mexico. -
Severe Coenurosis Caused by Larvae of Taenia Serialis in an Olive Baboon (Papio Anubis) in Benin T
IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 9 (2019) 134–138 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IJP: Parasites and Wildlife journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw Severe coenurosis caused by larvae of Taenia serialis in an olive baboon (Papio anubis) in Benin T ∗ E. Chanoveb, , A.M. Ionicăa, D. Hochmanc, F. Berchtolda, C.M. Ghermana, A.D. Mihalcaa a Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania b Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania c Veterinary Clinic “du clos”, 67 rue de la chapelle, Saint-Cergues, 74140, France ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In March 2017, a captive male juvenile (ca. 6 months old) olive baboon (Papio anubis) was brought to a primate Olive baboon rescue center in Benin with multiple subcutaneous swellings of unknown aetiology. At the general inspection of Intermediate host the body, around 15 partially mobile masses of variable sizes were found in different locations across the body. Taenia serialis Following two surgical procedures, several cyst-like structures were removed and placed either in 10% formalin Coenurus or in absolute ethanol. The cysts had a typical coenurus-like morphology. Genomic DNA was extracted from one cyst using a commercially available kit. The molecular characterization was performed by PCR amplification and sequencing of a region of the nuclear ITS-2 rDNA and a fragment of the mitochondrial 12S rDNA gene, revealing its identity as T. serialis, with 88%–98% similarity to T. -
Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals
Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals Each product can only be used according to dosages and descriptions given on the leaflet within each package. Table A.1 Selection of drugs against protozoan diseases of dogs and cats (these compounds are not approved in all countries but are often available by import) Dosage (mg/kg Parasites Active compound body weight) Application Isospora species Toltrazuril D: 10.00 1Â per day for 4–5 d; p.o. Toxoplasma gondii Clindamycin D: 12.5 Every 12 h for 2–4 (acute infection) C: 12.5–25 weeks; o. Every 12 h for 2–4 weeks; o. Neospora Clindamycin D: 12.5 2Â per d for 4–8 sp. (systemic + Sulfadiazine/ weeks; o. infection) Trimethoprim Giardia species Fenbendazol D/C: 50.0 1Â per day for 3–5 days; o. Babesia species Imidocarb D: 3–6 Possibly repeat after 12–24 h; s.c. Leishmania species Allopurinol D: 20.0 1Â per day for months up to years; o. Hepatozoon species Imidocarb (I) D: 5.0 (I) + 5.0 (I) 2Â in intervals of + Doxycycline (D) (D) 2 weeks; s.c. plus (D) 2Â per day on 7 days; o. C cat, D dog, d day, kg kilogram, mg milligram, o. orally, s.c. subcutaneously Table A.2 Selection of drugs against nematodes of dogs and cats (unfortunately not effective against a broad spectrum of parasites) Active compounds Trade names Dosage (mg/kg body weight) Application ® Fenbendazole Panacur D: 50.0 for 3 d o. C: 50.0 for 3 d Flubendazole Flubenol® D: 22.0 for 3 d o. -
External and Gastrointestinal Parasites of the Franklin's Gull, Leucophaeus
Original Article ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) www.cbpv.org.br/rbpv External and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile Parasitas externos e gastrointestinais da gaivota de Franklin Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae) em Talcahuano, Chile central Daniel González-Acuña1* ; Joseline Veloso-Frías2; Cristian Missene1; Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz1 ; Danny Fuentes-Castillo3 ; John Mike Kinsella4; Sergei Mironov5 ; Carlos Barrientos6; Armando Cicchino7; Lucila Moreno8 1 Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile 2 Laboratorio de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile 3 Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Departmento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brasil 4 Helm West Lab, Missoula, MT, USA 5 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia 6 Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Concepción, Chile 7 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina 8 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile How to cite: González-Acuña D, Veloso-Frías J, Missene C, Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Fuentes-Castillo D, Kinsella JM, et al. External and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin’s Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile. Braz J Vet Parasitol 2020; 29(4): e016420. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612020091 Abstract Parasitological studies of the Franklin’s gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan, are scarce, and knowledge about its endoparasites is quite limited. -
Proteomic Insights Into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe
foods Review Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe Robert Stryi ´nski 1,* , El˙zbietaŁopie ´nska-Biernat 1 and Mónica Carrera 2,* 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 18 August 2020; Accepted: 27 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites’ transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided. Keywords: foodborne parasite; food; proteomics; biomarker; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) 1. Introduction Foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as serious pathogens that are considered neglect in relation to bacteria and viruses that can be transmitted by food [1]. The mode of infection is usually by eating the host of the parasite as human food. Many of these organisms are spread through food products like uncooked fish and mollusks; raw meat; raw vegetables or fresh water plants contaminated with human or animal excrement. -
Genetic Diversity of Taenia Saginata (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from Lao
Sanpool et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:141 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2079-7 SHORTREPORT Open Access Genetic diversity of Taenia saginata (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from Lao People’s Democratic Republic and northeastern Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA Oranuch Sanpool1,2, Rutchanee Rodpai1, Pewpan M. Intapan1*, Lakkhana Sadaow1, Tongjit Thanchomnang2, Sakhone Laymanivong3, Wanchai Maleewong1 and Hiroshi Yamasaki4* Abstract Background: Taenia saginata is a tapeworm found in cattle worldwide. Analysis of genetic diversity in different geographical populations of T. saginata not only helps to understand the origin, transmission and spread of this organism, butalsotoevaluatetheselectionpressuresactingonT. saginata and how it is responding to them. However, there are few reports of the genetic variability of T. saginata populations in different regions of the world, including Lao PDR and Thailand. We report the genetic diversity of T. saginata populations in Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand together with sequences of T. saginata from other countries deposited in GenBank. Results: Mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis revealed that 15 and 8 haplotypes were identified in 30 and 21 T. saginata isolates from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand, respectively. Fifty-three haplotypes were identified from 98 sequences. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses revealed that global isolates of T. saginata were genetically divided into five groups (A, B, C1, C2 and D). Taenia saginata isolates from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand belonged to either Group A or B. Taenia saginata from western Thailand clustered in groups C1, C2 and D, and populations from the northeast and western Thailand were found to be genetically distinct. Taenia saginata isolates in Lao PDR and Thailand were also found to be genetically diverse but the degree of genetic differentiation was low. -
THE WILD RODENT Akodon Azarae (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE
Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Miño, Mariela H.; Rojas Herrera, Elba J.; Notarnicola, Juliana THE WILD RODENT Akodon azarae (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE) AS INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Taenia taeniaeformis (CESTODA: CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) ON POULTRY FARMS OF CENTRAL ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 20, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2013, pp. 407-412 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45729294015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 20(2):407-412, Mendoza, 2013 Copyright ©SAREM, 2013 Versión impresa ISSN 0327-9383 http://www.sarem.org.ar Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 Nota THE WILD RODENT Akodon azarae (CRICETIDAE: SIGMODONTINAE) AS INTERMEDIATE HOST OF Taenia taeniaeformis (CESTODA: CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) ON POULTRY FARMS OF CENTRAL ARGENTINA Mariela H. Miño1, Elba J. Rojas Herrera1, and Juliana Notarnicola2 1 Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires – IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4to piso, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina [correspondence: Mariela H. Miño <[email protected]>]. 2 Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores CEPAVE (CCT La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Calle 2 N° 584, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ABSTRACT. This work reports strobilocerci of Taenia taeniaeformis in the rodent Akodon azarae. -
Zoonotic Helminths Affecting the Human Eye Domenico Otranto1* and Mark L Eberhard2
Otranto and Eberhard Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:41 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/41 REVIEW Open Access Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye Domenico Otranto1* and Mark L Eberhard2 Abstract Nowaday, zoonoses are an important cause of human parasitic diseases worldwide and a major threat to the socio-economic development, mainly in developing countries. Importantly, zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes (HIE) may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. These infections include nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, which may be transmitted by vectors (dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis), food consumption (sparganosis, trichinellosis) and those acquired indirectly from the environment (ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis). Adult and/or larval stages of HIE may localize into human ocular tissues externally (i.e., lachrymal glands, eyelids, conjunctival sacs) or into the ocular globe (i.e., intravitreous retina, anterior and or posterior chamber) causing symptoms due to the parasitic localization in the eyes or to the immune reaction they elicit in the host. Unfortunately, data on HIE are scant and mostly limited to case reports from different countries. The biology and epidemiology of the most frequently reported HIE are discussed as well as clinical description of the diseases, diagnostic considerations and video clips on their presentation and surgical treatment. Homines amplius oculis, quam auribus credunt Seneca Ep 6,5 Men believe their eyes more than their ears Background and developing countries. For example, eye disease Blindness and ocular diseases represent one of the most caused by river blindness (Onchocerca volvulus), affects traumatic events for human patients as they have the more than 17.7 million people inducing visual impair- potential to severely impair both their quality of life and ment and blindness elicited by microfilariae that migrate their psychological equilibrium. -
Life Cycle and Larval Forms in Cestodes
GENERAL LIFE CYCLE AND LARVAL FORMS IN CESTODES Generally, cestode life cycles are not as complicated as those of digeneans because they usually do not involve asexually reproductive larval phases. However, most tapeworms also require at least one or two intermediate hosts. Life cycle patterns among the eucestoda are of considerable phylogenetic importance, for they often indicate the membership of particular species in specific orders. Unfortunately, the complete representative developmental patterns of all tapeworm orders are as yet not known. The patterns , some yet incomplete, for the Trypanorhyncha, Tetraphyllidea, Proteocephala, Cyclophyllidea, and Pseudophyllidea, however, are known. Trypanorhynchan life cycle pattern: No complete life cycle is known among the Trypanorhyncha. However, the following pattern, based on the life cycle of Lacistorhynchus tenuis as reported by Riser (1956), gives some indication of how this group develops. Adult Lacistorhynchus tenuis lives in the intestinal spiral valve of sharks. Eggs discharged by the adult tapeworms pass into the sea water and a ciliated larva ,the coracidium , hatches from each egg. The coracidia are ingested by the splash-pool copepod Tigriopus fulvus. The larval stage within the haemocoel of this crustacean is the tailess procercoid. When experimentally fed to fish, the procercoid did not undergo further development, and therefore, the complete life cycle is not known. Tetraphyllidean life cycle pattern: Very little information is available on the life cycles of Tetraphyllideans. Reichenbach-Klinke (1956), has reported that in case of Acanthobothrium coronatum, a parasite of elasmobranchus , developing procercoids occur in small crustaceans, and the next larval stage, plerocercoids occurs in sardines. When the latter are fed to sharks, adult cestodes develop from them. -
Oochoristica Whitentoni Steelman, 1939 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea
23 Oochoristica whitentoni Steelman, 1939 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) and Cruzia testudinis (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Kathlaniidae) from a Three-toed Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis (Testudines: Emydidae) from Oklahoma: Second Report from Type Host Species and New State Record for C. testudinis Chris T. McAllister Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745 Charles R. Bursey Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 16146 The tapeworm genus Oochoristica Lühe is a report of a nematode, Cruzia testudinis Harwood large, unwieldy complex of parasitic worms that in T. c. triunguis and, most importantly, the infect a variety of reptiles (primarily lizards) first report of this nematode from Oklahoma. and mammals, and currently includes 93 species (Schuster 2012). One, Oochoristica whitentoni On 8 May 2015 a single adult T. c. triunguis Steelman, was described from a three-toed was found dead on road off St. Hwy 82, Le Flore box turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis from County (34.814878°N, 95.04472°W). It was Stillwater, Payne County, Oklahoma (Steelman placed on ice, taken to the laboratory and, since 1939). It has since also been reported from its shell was already cracked, the gastrointestinal the false iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata from tract was split longitudinally and the contents Guerrero, Mexico (Flores-Barroeta 1955) placed in a Petri dish containing 0.85% saline. and reticulate Gila monster, Heloderma A single live tapeworm was found in the small suspectum suspectum from Arizona (Goldberg intestine, fixed in near boiling water, transferred and Bursey 1991). The validity of the former to 70% ethanol, stained with acetocarmine, record has been questioned; its possible and mounted in Canada balsam. -
Tænia Saginata / Cysticercus Bovis
Tænia saginata / Cysticercus bovis Scientific names: Tænia saginata / metacestode of Tænia saginata English name: “Tapeworm”, “Beef tapeworm” Helminths, phylum Plathelminths (flatworms) Parasite Eggs hatch in cattle Oncospheres develop Nature and sources digestive tract, i into cysticerci in muscle releasing oncospheres. i = Infective stage Oncospheres penetrate of Taenia saginata the intestinal wall 4 and migrate into musculature via the general blood ow Main microbiological characteristics 3 Denitiv host T. saginata 5 Intermediate host Scolex attaches to intestine 2 Cattle become infected by ingesting vegetation contaminated by eggs or gravid proglottids T. saginata Adults develop 6 in the intestine 1 Eggs or gravid proglottids in faeces are passed into environment T SAGINATA scolex - anofel Figure 1. Biological cycle of Tænia saginata (adapted from a diagram presented by the CDC) Taenia saginata is one of two agents responsible for human taeniasis, the other being Taenia solium. It is a flatworm (Class Cestoda, Order Cysticercus bovis, which can contaminate humans after maturing for about Cyclophyllidea, Family Taeniidae) with a two-stage life cycle: adult (in the 10 weeks. Once ingested, they release the scolex, then the tapeworm develops in the human small intestine and in 3 months, mature rings definitive host (1)) and larval (in the intermediate host (2)). It lives in the actively migrate through the anal sphincter. The lifespan of cysticerci is human small intestine, usually just a single specimen at a time. It is in the variable, some degenerate in 9 months, but others may remain viable for form of a long segmented ribbon up to several metres in length (4 to 10 several years.