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Nilai Seni Pencak Silat Pusaka Karuhun Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Di Desa Sarageni Kecamatan Cimarga Kabupaten Lebak

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Nilai Seni Pencak Silat Pusaka Karuhun Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat Di Desa Sarageni Kecamatan Cimarga Kabupaten Lebak Jurnal Kala Manca Volume. 8 No. 1 Januari-Juni 2020 ISSN : 2615-4447 (Online)/ 2303-2189 (Print) NILAI – NILAI SENI PENCAK SILAT PUSAKA KARUHUN DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA SARAGENI KECAMATAN CIMARGA KABUPATEN LEBAK 1) 2) Iman Sampurna Amir Mahmud Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP Setia Budhi Rangkas Bitung Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung [email protected] ABSTRAK Seni adalah suatu karya keindahan yang berasal dari manusia. Kesenian pada dasarnya muncul dari suatu ide (gagasan) yang dihasilkan oleh manusia yang mengarah kepada nilai-nilai estetis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: mengetahui Nilai-nilai Seni Pencak Silat Pusaka Karuhun Dalam Kehidupan Masyarakat di Desa Sarageni Kec. Cimarga Kab.Lebak Tahun 2002 s.d 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Untuk mengetahui gambaran umum seni pencak silat pusaka karuhun (2) untuk mengetahui Sejarah berdirinya seni pencak silat pusaka karuhun di desa Sarageni (3) Untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam seni pencak silat Pusaka Karuhun terhadap masyarakat di desa Sarageni kec. Cimarga Kab.Lebak Nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung dalam pencak silat yang diajarkan di hampir semua perguruan pencak silat di tanah air pada hakekatnya merupakan kristal kehidupan umat manusia yang diidam- idamkan secara universal. Nilai-nilai yang diajarkan itu tentu akan makin bermakna, apabila segenap warga pencak silat baik secara formal dan informal, menjunjung tinggi dan menjadikan sebagai roh perjuangan dalam kehidupan. Nilai itu pulalah yang akan menjadi batu ukur, apakah nila-nilai yang terkandung dalam pencak silat hanya indah untuk diwacanakan, ataukah justru telah mampu menyatu dan selalu mewarnai perilaku kehidupan para pecinta seni bela diri asal Indonesia ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis. Peneliti historis harus menemukan, menilai dan menginterprestasikan fakta-fakta yang diperolehnya secara sistematik dan objektif untuk memahami masa lampau. Dari data tersebut ia berharap dapat mengungkapkan apa yang disumbangkan oleh masa lampau untuk memahami situasi sekarang dan apa yang mungkin terjadi dimasa depan. Adapun langkah-langkah dalam metode historis yang digunakan yaitu Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Kata Kunci : Seni Pencak Silat, Nilai-nilai Seni PENDAHULUAN hidup manusia dalam masyarakat, tetapi sebagai konsep, sesuatu nilai budaya bersifat sangat umum, Kesenian tradisional pada masyarakat kabupaten mempunyai ruang lingkup yang sangat luas dan Lebak memiliki berbagai keanekaragaman seperti biasanya sulit diterangkan secara rasional dan yang terdapat di daerah lain di Indonesia. nyata, karena nilai-nilai lokal dalam suatu Kesenian tersebut di antaranya seni angklung, kebudayaan berada dalam daerah emosional dan pencak silat, debus, dan lain-lain. Salah satu alam jiwa para individu yang menjadi warga dan contoh kesenian tradisional di kabupaten Lebak kearifan kebudayaan yang bersangkutan. yang sangat menonjol dan memiliki nilai historis yaitu kesenian pencak silat.Ada banyak aliran silat Nilai adalah sesuatu yang dijadikan sebagai yang berkembang di kabupaten Lebak, antara lain panduan dalam hal mempertimbangkan keputusan silat Cimande, Cikalong, Tadjimalela, Tapak yang akan di ambil kemudian. Nilai merupakan Sucidan aliran lainnya. sesuatu yang bernilai abstrak, karena mencakup pemikiran dari seseorang. Penilaian yang dilakukan Nilai-nilai budaya berfungsi sebagai pedoman Jurnal Kala Manca Vol 8 No.1 Januari-Juni 1 oleh individu yang satu belum tentu sama dengan kebutuhan manusia lewat manfaat yang diberikan individu yang satu. ( Mohammad Ali dan bagi individu, organisasi dan sosial. Lewat tiga Muhammad Asrori, 2010 : Online ) persepektif manfaat inilah, seharusnya pencak silat dengan segala nilai kehidupan yang dikandungnya, makin mengokohkan diri menjadi penyebar nilai- Seni merupakan salah satu unsur atau elemen nilai kemanusiaan yang hakiki dalam mewarnai kebudayaan dan juga merupakan perilaku estetis perjalanan bangsa ini. Sekaligus, mampu yang dimiliki oleh setiap manusia. Sadar atau tidak meningkatkan kualitas hubungan antar bangsa bahwa kebutuhan manusia terhadap seni akan dalam mendorong dan memberikan manfaat nyata tampak dalam perilaku sehari-hari manusia bagi pencapaian kemakmuran masyarakat dunia. tersebut. Berbicara tentang seni sama halnya berbicara tentang sisi kehidupan manusia, sebab Ditengah keaneka ragaman yang kita temui, Negara rasa seni dan selera estetis merupakan bagian yang kita juga kaya akan keaneka ragaman baik hayati tidak terpisahkan dalam kehidupan. adat istiadat dan juga seni budaya. Salah satu yang ada di dalamnya adalah seni budaya pencak silat Seni adalah keindahan, yang merupakan ekspresi dengan berbagai keunikan di dalamnya.Pencak silat ruh dan budaya manusia yang mengandung dan sebagai seni beladiri dan bagian dari budaya mengungkapkan keindahan.Lahir dari sisi Indonesia yang bernilai luhur. Maka nilai-nilai terdalam manusia didorong oleh kecenderungan luhur pencak silat terkandung dalam jati dirinya seniman kepada yang indah, apapun jenis yang meliputi 3 hal pokok sebagai satu kesatuan, keindahan itu.Dorongan tersebut merupakan naluri yaitu: manusia, atau fitrah yang dianugrahkan Allah (Shihab, 1996:385). 1. Budaya Indonesia sebagai asal dan coraknya Nilai seni merupakan salah satu dari macam- 2. Falsafah budi pekerti luhur sebagai jiwa dan macam nilai yang mendasar perbuatan seseorang sumber motivasi penggunaannya atau sekelompok orang atas dasar pertimbangan 3. Pembinaan mental spiritual / budi pekerti, rasa keindahan atau rasa seni yang terlepas dari bela diri, seni dan olah raga sebagai aspek integral berbagai pertimbangan material. ( Mohammad Ali dari substansinya. (Mulyana, 2013:95) dan Muhammad Asrori, 2010 : Online ) Dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai yang ada di dalam Nilai-nilai dasar yang terkandung dalam pencak pencak silat merupakan bagian dari pelestarian silat yang diajarkan di hampir semua perguruan nilai-nilai budaya nusantara yang selama ini pencak silat di tanah air pada hakekatnya dijunjung tinggi oleh masyarakat sejak zaman merupakan kristal kehidupan umat manusia yang dahulu sampai sekarang. Semakin banyak peminat diidam-idamkan secara universal. Nilai-nilai yang pencak silat di negeri ini maka akan semakin kuat diajarkan itu tentu akan makin bermakna, apabila pencak silat tumbuh di tengah-tengah masyarakat. segenap warga pencak silat baik secara formal dan Pencak silat adalah suatu metode beladiri yang informal, menjunjung tinggi dan menjadikan diciptakan untuk mempertahankan diri dari bahaya sebagai roh perjuangan dalam kehidupan. yang dapat mengancam keselamatan dan Nilai itu pulalah yang akan menjadi batu ukur, kelangsungan hidup. Dalam kamus bahasa apakah nila-nilai yang terkandung dalam pencak Indonesia pencak silat di artikan permainan silat hanya indah untuk diwacanakan, ataukah (keahlian) dalam mempertahankan diri dengan justru telah mampu menyatu dan selalu mewarnai kepandaian menangkis, menyerang dan membela perilaku kehidupan para pecinta seni beladiri asal diri dengan atau tanpa senjata. Pencak silat juga Indonesia ini. merupakan seni beladiri, sehingga di dalamnya Tentu saja, banyak nilai kemanusian universal terdapat unsur keindahan dan tindakan. Pencak silat yang terkandung dalam pencak silat yang selalu merupakan hasil budi dan akal manusia, lahir dari harus dihidup-hidupkan di lorong-lorong terdalam sebuah proses perenungan, pembelajaran dan dari hati dan pemikiran setiap insan persilatan. pengamatan (Erwin Setyo Kriswanto, 2015:14). Terutama sekali nilai yang mempresentasikan Pencak Silat adalah gerak bela diri untuk untuk cinta terhadap kebenaran dan keadilan, belas kasih mempertahankan diri dari lingkungan sekitar kepada sesama, menjunjung tinggi sportifitas dan dengan mempelajari pembentukan sikap gerak menghormati keberagaman, yang semuanya akan serangan dan belaan. Pencak silat merupakan salah mendororng terciptanya kehidupan manusia satu budaya asli bangsa Indonesia (Lubis, menjadi lebih baik. Benar sekali, pencak silat Johansyah, 2004 : 1) memiliki nilai strategis dalam memenuhi Jurnal Kala Manca Vol 8 No.1 Januari-Juni 2 Pencak silat merupakan cabang beladiri tradisional membangun manusia yang berbudipakerti baik, yang ada di Indonesia, lahir dan berkembang cerdas intelegensinya, tangkas jasmaninya dan sebagai budaya lokal. Dalam pengertian yang lebih berbudi pakerti luhur, dalam rangka ikut umum Pencak silat adalah merupakan suatu mensukseskan tujuan pembangunan nasional. pendidikan jasmani, rohani, kesenian, dan warisan Seperti tercantum dalam pembukaan Undang- budaya bangsa, serta mempunyai nilai untuk Undang Dasar 1945 yaitu Melindungi segenap meningkatkan ketaqwaan terhadap Tuhan Yang bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Maha Esa, mempertinggi kecerdasan, Indonesia, memajukan kesejahteraan umum, keterampilan, memperkokoh kepribadian dan mencerdaskan kehidupan bengsa, dan ikut mempertebal rasa percaya diri. melaksanakan ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan Pencak silat sebagai refleksi dari nilai-nilai budaya kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan keadilan masyarakat Indonesia merupakan sistem budaya sosial. yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan alam, dan tidak Dengan demikian organisasi perguruan seni dapat dipisahkan dari aktivitas manusia (Maryono, beladiri pencak silat dilihat dari sisi upaya non- 1998).Dalam kehidupan nyata dimasyarakat penal berarti, perlu digali, dikembangkan dan pencak silat telah digunakan sebagai alat beladiri, dimanfaatkan seluruh potensi dukungan dan pemeliharaan kebugaran jasmani, mewujudkan partisipasi
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