Exploring Design, Technology, and Engineering

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Exploring Design, Technology, and Engineering

Exploring Design, Technology, & Engineering © 2012 Chapter 4: Tools and Technology—Terms and Definitions distance multiplier: a simple machine, such as a lever, that can change the amount of movement applied to it. A small motion applied at the end of its arm will create a greater movement at the end applied to the load. drilling machine: a machine tool with a rotating drill feeding into the workpiece and producing a hole. force multiplier: the quality of a simple machine that makes it capable of exerting more force to a load than is applied to the simple machine. grinding and sanding machines: a machine tools that uses abrasives to cut materials for the workpiece. inclined plane: a surface placed at an angle to a horizontal surface. It makes the moving of a heavy object from one level to another possible with less force than lifting straight up. lever: a mechanism or simple machine that multiplies the force applied to it. It consists of a long arm, to which the force can be applied, and a fulcrum (pivot point), on which the arm rotates. machine tool: a machine that make other machines. Machine tools change raw materials into parts; these parts later become machines and other products. mechanism: a basic device that will control or add power to a tool. Mechanisms are designed to multiply the force applied or the distance traveled. The six mechanisms are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. milling and sawing machines: a machine that uses a motor to make a straight or circular saw blade move. planing and shaping machines: a machine that cuts metal using a single-point tool. Both machines produce a flat cut on the surface of the work. pulley: a small wheel with a grooved rim. A rope is run through the wheel to lift weights. Sometimes several of them are used together to multiply applied force. A pulley can also be a wheel (attached to a shaft) that transfers motion by way of a belt. screw: a simple machine in which an inclined plane is wrapped around a shaft. A screw is a force multiplier used to fasten parts. shearing machine: a device that slices materials into parts by using opposed edges to cut the workpiece. Common shearing machines are sheet metal shears, punch presses, and paper cutters. simple machine: a basic device controlling or adding power to a tool. tool: a manufactured device designed to perform specific tasks. Generally, it means an instrument worked by hand. turning machine: a machine tool that uses a stationary tool to cut a material rotating around an axis. wedge: a simple machine that combines two inclined planes. It is the basis for a number of hand tools, including the knife, chisel, and ax. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. wheel and axle: one of the six simple machines. It is a type of lever. The axle, or shaft, is the fulcrum (pivot point), and the wheel is the lever. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only..

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Lesson: Rube Goldberg and the Meaning of Machines Contributed By: Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder
Lesson: Rube Goldberg and the Meaning of Machines Contributed by: Integrated Teaching and Learning Program, College of Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder Quick Look Grade Level: 8 (7-9) Time Required: 20 minutes Lesson Dependency : None Subject Areas: Physical Science Summary Simple and compound machines are designed to make work easier. When we encounter a machine that does not t this understanding, the so-called machine seems absurd. Through the cartoons of Rube Goldberg, students are engaged in critical thinking about the way his inventions make simple tasks even harder to complete. As the nal lesson in the simple machines unit, the study of Rube Goldberg machines can help students evaluate the importance and usefulness of the many machines in the world around them. This engineering curriculum meets Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Engineering Connection One engineering objective is to help people via technological advances. Many of these greater advances in technology can be seen in machines invented by engineers. Rube Goldberg went to school to be an engineer, and after graduating, he decided to become an artist. He drew cartoons of inventions that did simple things in very complicated ways. His inventions involved many complex systems of simple machines, all organized in logical sequences, to accomplish simple tasks. An important skill for engineers is to An example Rube Goldberg contraption. evaluate the design of machines for their genuine usefulness for their audiences. Often, the best design is the simplest design. Pre-Req Knowledge In order to understand compound machines, it is helpful if students are familiar with the six individual simple machines and their abilities to make work easier, as described in lessons 1-3 of this unit.
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This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 8 Machines 227 Machines Finding the Meaning of Unknown Words Before you read this chapter, skim through it briefly and identify any words you do not know. Record these words using the Reading Target In this walk-behind lawn mower, graphic organizer at the end of the chapter. Then read the chapter 8 the gas tank is placed with the engine for a more carefully. Use the context of the sentence to try to determine what each unified appearance. word means. Record your guesses in the graphic organizer also. After you read the chapter, follow the instructions with the graphic organizer to confirm your guesses. friction pneumatics gear power hydraulics pressure Charles Harrison designs inclined plane pulley lever screw machines used around linkage torque the home lubrication velocity machine viscosity Charles “Chuck” Harrison is one the most productive and respected mechanical advantage wedge American industrial designers of his time. He has been involved in the mechanism wheel and axle design of more than 750 consumer products that have improved the moment work life of millions. Harrison helped design the portable hair dryer, toasters, Discussion stereos, lawn mowers, sewing machines, Have students name the machines they use every day that help them do work, make their lives safer, and help them enjoy their leisure time. Harrison designed this hedge trimmer with plastic and the see-through measuring cup. He worked on power tools, fondue pots, Career Connection parts to minimize its weight. Have students identify careers associated with the design and development of new machines.
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Deltasci Gr5-6 Simple Machines
Simple Machines CONTENTS Think About . What Makes Things Move? . 2 How Are Work and Energy Related? . 3 What Are Simple Machines? Inclined Plane . 4 Lever . 5 Wheel and Axle . 7 Pulley . 8 Wedge . 9 Screw . 9 What Are Compound Machines? . 10 People in Science Archimedes . 12 Lillian Gilbreth, Industrial Engineer . 13 Did You Know? Your Body Has Levers . 14 How a Roller Coaster Works . 15 Glossary . 16 © Delta Education LLC. All rights reserved. Glossary compound machine machine made motion change of position or place; of two or more simple machines movement distance how far something moves newton unit used to measure force efficiency amount of work a machine potential energy stored energy does compared to the amount of pulley kind of wheel with a groove energy put into using the machine for a rope or cable effort force applied to a simple resistance force exerted by something machine you are trying to move energy ability to do work screw simple machine that is an force a push or pull inclined plane wrapped around a rod friction force caused by one object simple machine machine with rubbing against another few or no moving parts that makes fulcrum point around which it easier to do work. The six types a lever pivots or turns of simple machines are the lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined gravity force that pulls objects plane, wedge, and screw. toward the center of Earth speed how far an object moves inclined plane simple machine in a certain amount of time that is a flat surface with one end higher than the other wedge simple machine that is a type of inclined plane with one inertia tendency of a moving or two sloping surfaces object to stay in motion or a resting object to stay still wheel and axle simple machine that consists of a large wheel fixed joule unit used to measure work to a smaller wheel or shaft called kinetic energy energy of motion the axle lever simple machine that is a rigid work result of a force moving bar that turns around a fixed point an object over a distance machine any tool that uses energy to make work easier © Delta Education LLC.
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