Exploring Design, Technology, & Engineering © 2012 Chapter 4: Tools and Technology—Terms and Definitions distance multiplier: a simple machine, such as a lever, that can change the amount of movement applied to it. A small motion applied at the end of its arm will create a greater movement at the end applied to the load. drilling machine: a machine tool with a rotating drill feeding into the workpiece and producing a hole. force multiplier: the quality of a simple machine that makes it capable of exerting more force to a load than is applied to the simple machine. grinding and sanding machines: a machine tools that uses abrasives to cut materials for the workpiece. inclined plane: a surface placed at an angle to a horizontal surface. It makes the moving of a heavy object from one level to another possible with less force than lifting straight up. lever: a mechanism or simple machine that multiplies the force applied to it. It consists of a long arm, to which the force can be applied, and a fulcrum (pivot point), on which the arm rotates. machine tool: a machine that make other machines. Machine tools change raw materials into parts; these parts later become machines and other products. mechanism: a basic device that will control or add power to a tool. Mechanisms are designed to multiply the force applied or the distance traveled. The six mechanisms are the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. milling and sawing machines: a machine that uses a motor to make a straight or circular saw blade move. planing and shaping machines: a machine that cuts metal using a single-point tool. Both machines produce a flat cut on the surface of the work. pulley: a small wheel with a grooved rim. A rope is run through the wheel to lift weights. Sometimes several of them are used together to multiply applied force. A pulley can also be a wheel (attached to a shaft) that transfers motion by way of a belt. screw: a simple machine in which an inclined plane is wrapped around a shaft. A screw is a force multiplier used to fasten parts. shearing machine: a device that slices materials into parts by using opposed edges to cut the workpiece. Common shearing machines are sheet metal shears, punch presses, and paper cutters. simple machine: a basic device controlling or adding power to a tool. tool: a manufactured device designed to perform specific tasks. Generally, it means an instrument worked by hand. turning machine: a machine tool that uses a stationary tool to cut a material rotating around an axis. wedge: a simple machine that combines two inclined planes. It is the basis for a number of hand tools, including the knife, chisel, and ax.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only. wheel and axle: one of the six simple machines. It is a type of lever. The axle, or shaft, is the fulcrum (pivot point), and the wheel is the lever.

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.