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Abstract - ID: 2 Abstract - ID: 2 Author(s): William Stoops (Presenter), University of Kentucky Justin Strickland, University of Kentucky Title: Relationship between loss aversion and delay discounting in an online drug-using sample Abstract Category: Original Research Abstract Detail: Human Drug Category: Stimulants Other Drug Category: Stimulants Topic: Behavior Other Topic: Behavioral Pharmacology Aims: Loss aversion is the greater sensitivity to the prospect of a loss than an equivalent gain. Recent evidence suggests reduced loss aversion drug-using populations. However, the relationship between loss aversion and other common choice biases is unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between loss aversion and delay discounting in an online sample of cigarette and cocaine users. Methods: Cocaine-using (n = 36), cigarette-using (n = 48), and control (n = 47) participants completed this study on Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. Loss aversion for non-drug and drug commodities was evaluated using a within-subjects willingness-to-accept and purchase task. Delay discounting for money and drug commodities was examined using a 5-trial adjusting delay task. Loss aversion scores (?) were compared to normative values (i.e., ? = 2) by using 95% confidence intervals. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare discounting rates. The relationship between loss aversion and discounting were evaluated with bivariate correlations. Results: Loss aversion for non-drug and drug commodities was significantly lower than normative values in the cigarette and cocaine groups. Group differences in monetary discounting rates were significant and robust, with greater discounting observed in the cigarette (p = .02) and cocaine (p < .01) groups relative to controls. Higher cigarette discounting was associated with lower loss aversion for non-drug (r = -.37) and cigarette (r = -.24) commodities. Conclusions: These findings replicate previous reports of lower loss aversion and higher discounting rates among substance-using participants in an online sample. Modest correlations between loss aversion and delay discounting may indicate that these processes influence one another, but more work using other loss aversion and discounting measures (e.g., probability discounting) is needed to clarify the relationship among these behavioral mechanisms of choice. Financial Support: Professional Development Funds from the University of Kentucky and NSF 1247392 Abstract - ID: 4 Author(s): Jan Copeland (Presenter), University of South Wales Peter Gates, University of South Wales Stephanie Todd, University of South Wales Title: Survey of Australians' knowledge, perception and use of cannabis for medicinal purposes Abstract Category: Original Research Abstract Detail: Human Drug Category: Marijuana/Cannabinoids Topic: Epidemiology Aims: As the US did over the past two decades, several State governments of Australia have recent made legislative changes allowing the legalization of cannabis for medicinal purposes without consultation of the Australian public. This project aims to provide the most detailed survey of the Australian publics' knowledge, perception and patterns of cannabis use for medicinal and nonmedicinal purposes in the context of these national and state policy changes. Methods: An online self-complete survey was published using the 'Survey Monkey' service. Cannabis users and non-users aged over 18 years were recruited solely through the Facebook Advertisement Platform. Analysis to date was limited to simple ChiSquare comparisons and analysis of variance between users and non-users. Results: Preliminary results from 963 completers showed 33% had used recreationally, 55% medicinally, and 12% were non-users. Of those who identified as medicinal users, only 12% reported no recreational use. Recreational users were younger than non-users while purely medicinal users were older and more likely to have a health condition. Medicinal users had more entrenched use and greater likelihood of police involvement. As frequency of medicinal use increased, belief in the evidence base and opposition of further clinical trials was more prevalent. Perceptions of policy and use of pharmaceutical preparations will be discussed. Conclusions: There is a need to better communicate the current evidence for medicinal cannabis use and harm minimisation practices. The use of cannabis for purely medicinal reasons is uncommon, however; this important minority report particularly heavy cannabis use via methods which are otherwise thought to be a health risk. Financial Support: The National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre was supported by the Australian Government's Department of Health Abstract - ID: 5 Author(s): Silke Behrendt (Presenter), Technische Universitaet Dresden Gerhard Bühringer, Technische Universität Dresden Michael Höfler, Technische Universität Dresden Roselind Lieb, University Basel, Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Katja Beesdo-Baum, Behavioral Epidemiology, Technische Universität Dresden Title: Prediction of alcohol use disorder onset by latent internalizing psychopathology risk profiles in adolescence and young adulthood Abstract Category: Original Research Abstract Detail: Human Drug Category: Alcohol Topic: Epidemiology Aims: To investigate latent internalizing psychopathology risk profiles as predictors of DSM-IV AUD onset in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Data from the prospective-longitudinal EDSP study (baseline age 14 – 24 years) were used. The study-design included up to three follow-up assessments in up to ten years. DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the DIA-X/M-CIDI. To investigate baseline MD risk-profiles and their prospective associations with AUD onset, latent class analysis with auxiliary outcome variables was applied in subjects without baseline AUD (N=1683). Results: A four-class model fit the data best. Apart from a normative-male (45.9%) and a normative-female class (44.2%), it included a class (5.3%) with elevated probabilities for internalizing disorders, especially major depression, and a class (4.5%) with a high nicotine dependence probability. Compared to the normative-female class, all other classes were associated with a higher risk of subsequent alcohol dependence onset (p < 0 .05). The male-normative class predicted alcohol abuse onset (OR: 4.9, 95% CI: 3.5 – 6.8). Conclusions: An internalizing vulnerability may constitute a pathway to alcohol dependence onset in adolescence and young adults. The differences observed between the subgroups at risk of AUD indicate a need of adapted preventive and intervention measures. Financial Support: This work is part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study and is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project no. 01EB9405/6, 01 EB 9901/6, EB01016200, 01EB0140 and 01EB0440. Part of the field work and analyses were also additionally supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) LA1148/1-1, WI2246/1-1, WI 709/7-1 and WI 709/8-1. Abstract - ID: 6 Author(s): Richard Miech (Presenter), University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research Megan Patrick, University of Michigan Patrick O'Malley, University of Michigan Lloyd Johnston , University of Michigan Title: Has college put students at higher risk for marijuana initiation in recent years? Abstract Category: Original Research Abstract Detail: Human Drug Category: Marijuana/Cannabinoids Topic: Epidemiology Aims: To examine a potential increase in the level of marijuana initiation among U.S. college students as compared to their age-peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the U.S. Methods: Data come from Monitoring the Future, which since 1977 has followed longitudinal panels drawn from nationally-representative, baseline samples of 12th grade students. The analyses focus on panel members age 19-22 who had never used marijuana by 12th grade. Results: College as a risk factor for marijuana initiation increased significantly since 2013. The increased probability of past-year marijuana use for those enrolled v. not enrolled in college was 51% in 2015, 41% in 2014, 31% in 2013, and averaged 17-22% from 2012-1977, among youth who had never used marijuana by 12th grade. Conclusions: College has emerged as a substantial risk factor for marijuana initiation since 2013. College students are in position to usher in new increases in population marijuana use in the coming years unless colleges soon develop and implement new policies/interventions to curb marijuana use. Financial Support: NIDA R01 001411 (Johnston, PI) Abstract - ID: 8 Author(s): Croff Raina (Presenter), Oregon Health and Science University Kim Hoffman, Oregon Health and Science University Kelly Alanis-Hirsch, Services Effectiveness Research Program James Ford,II, University of Wisconsin-Madison Dennis McCarty, Oregon Health and Science University Laura Schmidt, UCSF Title: Overcoming barriers to adopting and implementing medication-assisted addiction treatment: The medication research partnership Abstract Category: Original Research Abstract Detail: Human Drug Category: Other (specify) Other Drug Category: Medication Assisted Therapy Topic: Treatment Aims: Aims. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) includes a growing number of clinically effective medications for substance use disorder, yet there are significant barriers to adopting and implementing MAT in routine clinical practice. The Medication Research Partnership (MRP) was a successful
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