DOCSLIB.ORG

Tewkesbury Abbey a R E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tewkesbury Abbey a R E TE WKE SB URY ABBEY AND I T S AS S O C I ATI ON S JOHN HENRY BL A. UNT M . , , BT C TOR OF E V E S ON GL OUC . B R T , SE C OND EDI TI ON L O ND O N S MPK N MARSHAL L HAM LTON KENT J I I , , I , CO . LTD . W. NORTH P UBLISHERS ’ NO TICE T O THE SE C OND E DITION. ‘ THE e se n wo TEW ES AB E AND rr s ASSOC pr t rk , K BURY B Y IA ’ TIONS ha vin for s ome m e e e n out o f rint it is now , g ti b p , re produce d in d e fe re nce to the wish e s o f m a ny frie nd s o f its d e a d he Re v H B N os e n e e s wa s ce s e a u o t . L w th r, J . U T , h i t r t unite d with hi s during th e e a rlie r s te ps m a d e towa rd s th e e s o a o n of Te w e s u Abb e The wo k a ou now r t r ti k b ry y. r , lth gh s sue d a t a e a e duce d ce is e fe c a nd co m e e in i gr tly r pri , p r t pl t ’ its e a s it e ft th e w e s e n a nd fu us a e d the t xt l rit r p , lly ill tr t , o nly va ria tions b e ing the corre ction o f a fe w cle rica l e rrors tha t p a s s e d unobs e rve d d uring th e progre ss of the firs t e d o n e s s At the nd n ha s iti thro ugh th pre . e a short a pp e dix e e n a dd e d in w c i s e fl d e a e d the m o e m o a n b , hi h bri y t il r i p rt t s ta ge s of the work of re s tora tion which ha ve be e n ca rrie d o ut ‘ ’ since TEWKESBURY AND ITS Asso cw rro ns firs t ma d e its ' a e a a nce a nd w c th e s a c e d e difice ha s a a n pp r , by hi h r g i a c u e d muc of its fo me m o n nd u q ir h r r i p si g gra e r. NO H W . RT . a xnsnnnv hr C istma s, 1 897. SIR EDMUND ANTHONY HARLEY LECHMERE BARONET , , HYDD OU WO ES E SH E R C RT , RC T R IR . e a r Sir Edmund Le chm e re D , As it wa s a t your s ugge stion tha t I und e rtook this little wor k Te wke sbur Abbe be e rmission now tha t it is co m le te d to y y, I g p , p , ' ofie r it to you a s the ze a lous Cha irm a n of the Committe e to which o th h h t the re stora tion f e be a utiful C urc ha s be e n e ntrus e d . Tha t our ze a l in so o od a ca use m a be ull re s onde d to y g y f y p , a nd tha t you m a y thus ha ve the sa tisfa ction of se e ing the fi ne o ld M inste r re vive in such be a uty a s tha t with which its M othe r Church a t Worce ste r ha s be e n ma de re s le nde nt is the he a rt wish o p , y f Your ve r a ith ul se rva nt y f f , J H HENRY BLUNT O N . 18 7 Eas ter , 5 . P R E F A C E T HE F I RS T ED I T I O N. THE materials fo r the his to ry o f Tewkesbury Abbey a r e ‘ n t T ons s o f a n a but s canty in qua ti y . hey c i t chiefly e rly R s a nd a a nd o f a s a o a on w e n egi ter C rtulary, m ll c mpil ti ritt in f o f f n n a nd a s o n the latter hal the fi tee th ce tury, l e titled a Regi ster . Th e first o f thes e Regi s ters h a s been published a mo ng the Chronicle s a nd Memo ria ls of Great Brita in a nd Irela nd during the Middle Age s w hich are printed by the a utho rity o f the Master o f the Ro lls a nd it fo rms th e s econd po rtio n ‘ ’ o f s o u o f Anna s M ona s the fir t v l me the le tici , edited by R R Lua r d n Anna Th H. s e k e v . o e s the , u der the title le de ’ i Th e o na a n s f o w i n ber a . rigi l m u cript r m hich it s pri ted is pre s erved in the Library o f the Britis h Mu s eum [ Cleo a a A ii a nd ons s s o f o 1 80 a a a . v s o s p tr ] , c i t ab ut m ll qu rt p ge , w ritten in v a ri ous ha nds o f the thirteenth century ; 1 20 a s n o c w Anna s a nd n p ge bei g cupied ith the l , the remai der w a a T s Anna s o f T w s ith the C rtul ry . he e l e ke bury give a s ho rt memo ra ndum fo r ea ch year o f o ccurrences c onnected w Mo n s or a ff n its n s s a nd a n of ith the a tery, ecti g i tere t m y the memora nda a r e o f further interes t a s bea ring o n na tio na l he k b s w o n in 1 66 a nd s o . T w o s 0 hi t ry r egin ith the C que t , , s off in 12 63 — te n s fo E w a I break abruptly year be re d rd . PR F 4 E ACE . ’ c a m to r on a nd a o m o f R c a r s e the th e , b ut the ti e i hard de Cl e d a But a re fe w s n f s n e th . there detail give o the fir t ce tury a nd a f a nd fiv e -s h s o f S a c o c c a h l , ixt the p e upied by the a nna lis t i s ta ken up w ith the rec o rd of events betw een 2 20 nd 12 Th e a o n s a s f 1 a 63 . det ils rec rded duri g thi l t hal ‘ n a re a o w o f s c c a a a s to b e ce tury r rely, h ever, u h a h r cter interes ting to o rdinary rea ders and little li ght is thro w n m on s o of n by the the hi t ry the Church a nd M o astery . The o ther do cum ent referre d to is of a much m ore inte n It i ll s a a . s s a o MS o f 68 e s re ti g ch r cter a m quart . pag , ’ n Re is trum Th e ok u sb uriee a nd o n n to e titled g , bel gi g the a o f a s E un Is a o f a o libr ry Sir Ch rle dm d h m , L mp rt , 1 No r h ons to w o s o s a o a nd th e t ampt hire , h e c urte y the uth r reader are indebted for the use o f it in the co mpila tion o f f h s a m e m a ndu o ds On th e ve llum cove r o t e MS . i or m in the s e w r ‘ n s Sir us n a n s m n h He a ne MS .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Margaret M. Condon and Evan T. Jones (Eds.), 'Bristol 1470-71
    Bristol customs account Nov 1470 – March 1471: intro TNA, E122/174/3 (part) Margaret M. Condon and Evan T. Jones (eds.), ‘Bristol 1470-71: Particulars of Account of Daniel Sheldon, controller, 4 November 1470 to 29 March 1471: Introduction’ (University of Bristol, Research Data Repository, 2019)1 Text and Comment This newly discovered account was found in a large bundle of fragmentary and undated customs accounts dating from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Generally in good condition, the document has some minor points of damage.2 It consists of a single membrane of parchment displaced from a larger document, the start of which is no longer extant. The missing portion would have covered the period from November 1470 to late January 1471. The surviving membrane of the account begins mid-way through a ship entry for late January 1471 and continues to 29 March of the same year.3 Two additional entries for 30 March and 17 April post-date the formal period of account. Their inclusion is likely to be a consequence of the unstable political situation discussed below. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the account is that it details Bristol’s overseas trade for an eleven-week period during a particularly active phase of the ‘Wars of the Roses’. In September/October 1470, the Earl of Warwick, known as ‘The Kingmaker’ restored the Lancastrian Henry VI to the throne of England and forced the Yorkist monarch, Edward IV, to flee to Holland, which was part of the lands of Edward’s brother-in-law, the Duke of Burgundy.
    [Show full text]
  • A BIT of a Au/Areness of the Events of the Battle and Promote the Sites As an Integrated Educational Resource
    OUR AIMS U/orking u/ith the owners of the manij sites associated u/ith the Battle of Teu/kesburif. the Socretq aim to raise public A BIT OF A au/areness of the events of the battle and promote the sites as an integrated educational resource. U/e aim to encourage tourism and leisure activitq bq SLAP advertising, interpretation and presentation in connection u/ith the sites. U/e aim also to collate research into the battle, and to encourage further research, making the results available to the public through a varietu, of media. (n pursuing our objects, u/e hope to be working alongside a varietq of organisations, in Teu/kesburq and throughout the u/orld. U/e u/ill be proposing schemes and advocating projects, including fundraising for them and project managing if appropriate. U/e aim to become the Authority on the battle and battlesfte OUR OBJECTS To promote the permanent preservation of the battlefield and other sites associated u/ith the Battle of Teu/kesburq, 1471, as sites of historic interest, to the benefit of the public generaHq. To promote the educational and tourism possibilities of the ntw&Cttter vftfit battlefield and associated sites, particularity in relation to medieval historq. To promote, for public benefit, research into matters associated u/ith the sites, and to publish the useful results of such research. ISSUC 10: 2005 Free to members, otheru/ise £2.00 The First Word I have to confess that I was beginning to think that this edition of the 'Slap' First Word 2 would never appear in print.
    [Show full text]
  • Battles and Warfare
    BATTLES AND WARFARE GENERAL Le Jeu de la Hache: A Fifteenth-century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat ANGLO Sydney Description: From Archaeologia, Vol. 109 Date of publication: 1991 Synopsis: Text and commentary on Le Jeu de la Hache (Bibliothèque Nationale, manuscrit français 1996), the only surviving treatise devoted exclusively to medieval axe combat. [LIBRARY NOTE: Filed under Fine and Applied Arts] The Times Guide to Battlefields of Britain ANON Description: From The Times Dates of publication: 3rd & 4th August, 1994 Synopsis: Articles on some of the battles included in English Heritage’s official new battlefields list (The Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain by David Smurthwaite), viz. Bannockburn, Shrewsbury, Blore Heath, Tewkesbury and Bosworth. The Wars of the Roses ANON Description: From Military History Monthly, Issue 50 Date of publication: November 2014 Synopsis: Well illustrated twenty-page editorial feature on the English civil conflicts of the fifteenth century. Includes an overview of the dynastic struggles and military campaigns, a discussion of military equipment and tactics, a longer feature on the Battle of Barnet and a brief revisionist analysis of Richard III. The strongest sections are those dealing with military matters. The brief historical explanations are, however, generally reliable, the most obvious error being the inclusion of a portrait of Elizabeth of York labelled ‘Elizabeth Woodville, Edward’s queen.’ The Wars of the Roses 1455-87 COATES Dr. J. I. Description: Typescript Date of publication: N/A Synopsis: Outline of the causes and main events of the wars. Heraldic Banners of the Wars of the Roses: Counties of Anglesey to Hampshire COVENEY Thomas Description: Freezywater Publications booklet, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Anne Neville: Queen to Richard Iii Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    ANNE NEVILLE: QUEEN TO RICHARD III PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Michael Hicks | 224 pages | 28 Sep 2007 | The History Press Ltd | 9780752441290 | English | Stroud, United Kingdom Anne Neville: Queen to Richard III PDF Book Perhaps she would have become Elizabeth of York's lady-in-waiting, or sought sanctuary until she was financially able to support herself or re- marry. Anne was buried in Westminster Abbey in an unmarked grave, which seems quite unfitting for a Queen of England. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late s. England's Forgotten Queens. A splendid service featured the Te Deum before the royal couple proceeded to the adjacent palace of the archbishop. This account has come down to us from Polydore Vergil, although possible Tudor exaggeration must also be taken into consideration here, to allow for further intent to vilify Richard, given the fact that Vergil was writing for Henry VII. Community Reviews. Medieval officers wanted assurance and authorisation for their actions — by what warrant did you act? April 26, at pm. Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester 7. Clarence attempted to take Anne in as his ward in order to control her inheritance. Another possibility could be an attack of influenza, which combined with a weak immune system and other ailments could be fatal. Royal princes, who were not expected to become kings, followed the example of the nobility, wedding heiresses who could bring them great estates and hence great power. July 9, at pm. Adopted Escutcheon Quarterly , 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England; impaled with Gules, a saltire Argent.
    [Show full text]
  • Tewkesbury Abbey Fine and Almost
    Tewkesbury Abbey Fine and almost complete example of a Romanesque abbey church Pre-dates Reading. Dedicated in 1121, the year of Reading’s foundation. Look out for anniversary events at Tewksbury in 2021. But some important and interesting links to Reading Both were Benedictine Founder Robert Fitzhamon (honour of Gloucester), friend of Rufus, supported against Robert Curthose. At his death in the New Forest. Then loyal to Henry I – campaigned in Normandy against supporters of Curthose and died doing so in 1107. Fitzhamon’s heiress Mabel married Robert of Gloucester d 1147, the first and most favoured illegitimate son of Henry I, who was a key supporter of his half sister Matilda Granddaughters were coheiresses – but one of them Hawise (or Isabella of Gloucester) married Prince John. Despite annulment, Tewksbury became a royal abbey Later passed to the de Clares. Earls of Gloucester and Hereford. And made their mausoleum Richard III de Clare (grandson) married Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I Again co heiresses in the early 14th C. the eldest Eleanor married Hugh Despenser the younger, favourite of Edward II, executed 1326. She is instrumental in making Tewksbury into a Despenser mausoleum (significant rebuilding and splendid tombs) Her great grandson Thomas Despenser marries Constance of York granddaughter of Ed III. A strong link with Reading abbey here as she was buried there in 1416 The Despenser line also ended up with an heiress Isabella who married in turn two men called Richard Beauchamp, the first Richard Beauchamp lord Abergavenny a great friend of Henry V who created him earl of Worcester: but Richard died in the French wars in March 1422; and then his half cousin Richard Beauchamp earl of Warwick, also prominent in the wars in France.
    [Show full text]
  • English Monks Suppression of the Monasteries
    ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES by GEOFFREY BAS KER VILLE M.A. (I) JONA THAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED I937 JONATHAN CAPE LTD. JO BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON AND 91 WELLINGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE CITY OF OXFORD AT THE ALDEN PRESS PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON & CO. LTD. BOUND BY A. W. BAIN & CO. LTD. CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 9 I MONASTIC DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES I 9 II LAY INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 45 III ECCLESIASTICAL INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 72 IV PRECEDENTS FOR SUPPRESSION I 308- I 534 96 V THE ROYAL VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES 1535 120 VI SUPPRESSION OF THE SMALLER MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536-1537 144 VII FROM THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE TO THE FINAL SUPPRESSION 153 7- I 540 169 VIII NUNS 205 IX THE FRIARS 2 2 7 X THE FATE OF THE DISPOSSESSED RELIGIOUS 246 EPILOGUE 273 APPENDIX 293 INDEX 301 5 PREFACE THE four hundredth anniversary of the suppression of the English monasteries would seem a fit occasion on which to attempt a summary of the latest views on a thorny subject. This book cannot be expected to please everybody, and it makes no attempt to conciliate those who prefer sentiment to truth, or who allow their reading of historical events to be distorted by present-day controversies, whether ecclesiastical or political. In that respect it tries to live up to the dictum of Samuel Butler that 'he excels most who hits the golden mean most exactly in the middle'.
    [Show full text]
  • Jedburgh Abbey Church: the Romanesque Fabric Malcolm Thurlby*
    Proc SocAntiq Scot, 125 (1995), 793-812 Jedburgh Abbey church: the Romanesque fabric Malcolm Thurlby* ABSTRACT The choir of the former Augustinian abbey church at Jedburgh has often been discussed with specific reference to the giant cylindrical columns that rise through the main arcade to support the gallery arches. This adaptation Vitruvianthe of giant order, frequently associated with Romsey Abbey, hereis linked with King Henry foundationI's of Reading Abbey. unusualThe designthe of crossing piers at Jedburgh may also have been inspired by Reading. Plans for a six-part rib vault over the choir, and other aspects of Romanesque Jedburgh, are discussed in association with Lindisfarne Priory, Lastingham Priory, Durham Cathedral MagnusSt and Cathedral, Kirkwall. The scale church ofthe alliedis with King David foundationI's Dunfermlineat seenis rivalto and the Augustinian Cathedral-Priory at Carlisle. formee e choith f Th o rr Augustinian abbey churc t Jedburgha s oftehha n been discussee th n di literature on Romanesque architecture with specific reference to the giant cylindrical columns that rise through the main arcade to support the gallery arches (illus I).1 This adaptation of the Vitruvian giant order is most frequently associated with Romsey Abbey.2 However, this association s problematicai than i e gianl th t t cylindrical pie t Romsea r e th s use yi f o d firse y onlth ba t n yi nave, and almost certainly post-dates Jedburgh. If this is indeed the case then an alternative model for the Jedburgh giant order should be sought. Recently two candidates have been put forward.
    [Show full text]
  • TEWKESBURY 1471: the Last Yorkist Victory
    TEWKESBURY 1471: The Last Yorkist Victory. Christopher Gravett. Illustrated by Graham Turner. 2003. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, £12.99. ISBN 1-84176-514-7 BOSWORTH 1485: Last Charge of the Plantagenets. Christopher Gravett. Illustrated by Graham Turner. 1999. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, £12.99. ISBN 1-85532-863-1 These two books are both in the Osprey ‘Campaign’ series and so are similar in organization. The Introduction to the first, Tewkesbury 1471 says that the series consists of ‘Accounts of history’s greatest conflicts, detailing the command strategies, tactics and battle experiences of the opposing forces, throughout the crucial stages of each campaign’, both books fulfill this promise. Both contain many excellent illustrations from contemporary documents, also photographs of the battlefields today together with excellent and (usually) very clear maps of the routes to the battlefields and plans of the battles themselves. The books also contain paintings by Graham Turner of incidents during the battles and the events leading up to them, which help readers to visualize the occasions. Unfortunately neither book has an index, presumably never called for in this series, and there are also no references, although the source of crucial statements are usually given. As part of the promised content both books contain two chapters on the commanders and the armies. The for- mer are fairly brief potted biographies of the major commanders, the latter contain a brief discussion of how each commander raised his troops and short but excellent descriptions of the arms and armour equipping the troops. These are as good as would be expected from this author, a Senior Curator at the Royal Armouries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Book Collection at St Guthlac's Priory, Hereford, Before 1200
    The Book Collection at St Guthlac’s Priory, Hereford, Before 1200: Acquisition, Adaptation and Use Christopher Ian Tuckley Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of PhD The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies June 2009 The candidate confirms that the work is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been particularly fortunate in having had the benefit of sponsorship throughout my research: the first three years of study were funded by the White Rose Consortium of universities, which also paid a stipend. A generous grant from the Lynne Grundy Trust allowed me to present a paper on the priory book collection at the International Congress on Medieval Studies at Kalamazoo, Michigan, in May 2008. Thanks are due to a number of individuals within the academic community for their assistance and advice in the completion of this thesis. Debby Banham, Orietta Da Rold, Sarah Foot, William Flynn, Richard Gameson, Monica Green, Thom Gobbit, Michael Gullick, Juliet Hewish, Geoffrey Humble, Takako Kato, Bella Millet, Alan Murray, Katie Neville, Clare Pilsworth, Richard Sharpe, Rodney Thomson, Elaine Trehame, Karen Watts, and the staff of the Bodleian, Jesus College, Hereford Cathedral and York Minster libraries have all given guidance at one point or another. I also gratefully acknowledge the help of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford Cathedral. Julia Barrow’s advice has been especially valuable in making sense of a number of medieval charters relating to St Guthlac’s Priory, and I owe her a great debt of gratitude in this respect.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Example Sections
    Two Example Sections Featuring empty word balloons for you to write your own dialogue! Visit www.classicalcomics.com to see our range of Shakespeare and Classics graphic novels. Copyright ©2010 Classical Comics Ltd. All rights reserved. Copyright notice: This downloadable resource is protected by international copyright law. Teachers and students are free to reproduce these pages by any method without infringing copyright restrictions, provided that the number of copies reproduced does not exceed the amount reasonably required for their own use. Under no circumstances can these resources be reused in whole or in part, for any commercial purposes, or for any purposes that are competitive to, or could be deemed to be in competition with, the business of Classical Comics Ltd. Adapted by: John McDonald Design/Layout by: Jo Wheeler Character Designs by: Will Sliney Artwork by: Will Sliney Lettering by: Clive Bryant Whilst all care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information provided, Classical Comics Ltd disclaims all warranties; expressed or implied, for any errors or omissions. Classical Comics Ltd are not responsible or liable for any alleged damage arising from reliance upon the information provided, which is provided “as-is” without guarantee or warranty. www.classicalcomics.com Richard III RICHARD III (The Condensed Story) After the death of King Henry VI of England, the reign of the House of Lancaster ends and the House of York reclaims power under King Edward IV. Richard-Duke of Gloucester is the youngest of three brothers – the other two being King Edward IV and George-Duke of Clarence. Richard considers himself to be deformed and unsuited to peacetime.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance for Schools, Teachers, Faith Communities and Members of Faith Communities Visiting
    Guidance for Schools, Teachers, Faith Communities and Members of Faith Communities visiting Schools Herefordshire Standing Advisory Council on Religious Education (SACRE) 2018 Compiled in 2018 by Hereteach Alliance Grateful acknowledgement is made to Sarah Yaseen and Salma Kaka for permission to print the photographs on the cover. Herefordshire SACRE Visits and visitors for RE 2018 1 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Guidance for teachers: planning and escorting pupils to a place of worship ............................................................ 6 Before you go checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 6 At the place of worship - checklist ................................................................................................................................. 6 Dress ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Mosque: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Gurdwara:..................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Battle Walk 12Pp Z-Fold Leaflet
    Flat size 660mm X 297mm + 3mm bleed, Finished size 110mm X 297mm Back Cover Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Front Cover YORKIST EDWARD III DESCENT Tewkesbury Medieval A Bearer of Arms by Graham Turner Festival EDWARD LIONEL JOHN OF GAUNT EDMUND THOMAS THE BATTLE The Black Prince Duke of Clarence Duke of Lancaster Duke of York Duke of Gloucester LANCASTRIAN THE E Y RICHARD II PHILIPPA OF TEWK SBUR LINE STAFFORDS ROGER MORTIMER Early in the morning of Saturday 4th May 1471 the Earl of March Lancastrian army prepared for battle, forming lines behind the RICHARD ANNE hedges of the fields. The Yorkists marched to meet them, with Married Earl of Cambridge their line about 200 yards to the south. RICHARD Duke of York The battle opened on the west flank, with the Duke of ANNE EDWARD IV EDMUND ELIZABETH MARGARET GEORGE RICHARD Gloucester attacking the Duke of Somerset’s battalion m. Elizabeth Duke of Duchess of Duke of Duke of Woodville Rutland Burgundy Clarence Gloucester with ‘right-a-sharp shower of arrows and shot of gun’. The Lancastrians were getting much the worse of the exchange. Somerset attempted a diversionary movement, attacking EXPLORING the centre of the Yorkist army from the flank. This failed though, with his men being pushed back into the sight of 200 THE BATTLE MORE DYNASTIES mounted knights who Edward had hidden in the woodland of & AFFINITIES Tewkesbury Park. They charged and cut them to pieces. WALKS The main Lancastrian army simply stood and watched, Tewkesbury Battlefield Society conducts regular guided which wasn’t the plan.
    [Show full text]