Tewkesbury Abbey a R E

TE WKE SB URY ABBEY

AND

I T S AS S O C I ATI ON S

JOHN HENRY BL A. UNT M . , ,

BT C TOR OF E V E S ON GL OUC . B R T ,

SE C OND EDI TI ON

L O ND O N

S MPK N MARSHAL L HAM LTON KENT J I I , , I , CO . LTD .

W. NORTH P UBLISHERS ’ NO TICE T O THE SE C OND E DITION.

‘ THE e se n wo TEW ES AB E AND rr s ASSOC pr t rk , K BURY B Y IA ’ TIONS ha vin for s ome m e e e n out o f rint it is now , g ti b p , re produce d in d e fe re nce to the wish e s o f m a ny frie nd s o f its d e a d he Re v H B N os e n e e s wa s ce s e a u o t . . L w th r, J . U T , h i t r t unite d with hi s during th e e a rlie r s te ps m a d e towa rd s th e e s o a o n of Te w e s u Abb e The wo k a ou now r t r ti k b ry y. r , lth gh s sue d a t a e a e duce d ce is e fe c a nd co m e e in i gr tly r pri , p r t pl t ’ its e a s it e ft th e w e s e n a nd fu us a e d the t xt l rit r p , lly ill tr t , o nly va ria tions b e ing the corre ction o f a fe w cle rica l e rrors tha t p a s s e d unobs e rve d d uring th e progre ss of the firs t e d o n e s s At the nd n ha s iti thro ugh th pre . e a short a pp e dix e e n a dd e d in w c i s e fl d e a e d the m o e m o a n b , hi h bri y t il r i p rt t s ta ge s of the work of re s tora tion which ha ve be e n ca rrie d o ut ‘ ’ since TEWKESBURY AND ITS Asso cw rro ns firs t ma d e its

' a e a a nce a nd w c th e s a c e d e diﬁce ha s a a n pp r , by hi h r g i a c u e d muc of its fo me m o n nd u q ir h r r i p si g gra e r. NO H W . RT . a xnsnnnv

hr C istma s, 1 897. SIR EDMUND ANTHONY HARLEY LECHMERE BARONET , ,

HYDD OU WO ES E SH E R C RT , RC T R IR .

e a r Sir Edmund Le chm e re D ,

As it wa s a t your s ugge stion tha t I und e rtook this little wor k

Te wke sbur Abbe be e rmission now tha t it is co m le te d to y y, I g p , p ,

' oﬁe r it to you a s the ze a lous Cha irm a n of the Committe e to which

o th h h t the re stora tion f e be a utiful C urc ha s be e n e ntrus e d .

Tha t our ze a l in so o od a ca use m a be ull re s onde d to y g y f y p , a nd tha t you m a y thus ha ve the sa tisfa ction of se e ing the ﬁ ne o ld

M inste r re vive in such be a uty a s tha t with which its M othe r Church a t Worce ste r ha s be e n ma de re s le nde nt is the he a rt wish o p , y f

Your ve r a ith ul se rva nt y f f ,

J H HENRY BLUNT O N .

18 7 Eas ter , 5 .

P R E F A C E

T HE F I RS T ED I T I O N.

THE materials fo r the his to ry o f Tewkesbury Abbey a r e

‘ n t T ons s o f a n a but s canty in qua ti y . hey c i t chieﬂy e rly

R s a nd a a nd o f a s a o a on w e n egi ter C rtulary, m ll c mpil ti ritt in f o f f n n a nd a s o n the latter hal the ﬁ tee th ce tury, l e titled a Regi ster . Th e ﬁrst o f thes e Regi s ters h a s been published a mo ng the Chronicle s a nd Memo ria ls of Great Brita in a nd Irela nd during the Middle Age s w hich are printed by the a utho rity o f the Master o f the Ro lls a nd it fo rms th e s econd po rtio n

‘ ’ o f s o u o f Anna s M ona s the ﬁr t v l me the le tici , edited by

R R Lua r d n Anna Th H. . s e k e v . o e s the , u der the title le de

’ i Th e o na a n s f o w i n ber a . rigi l m u cript r m hich it s pri ted is pre s erved in the Library o f the Britis h Mu s eum [ Cleo

a a A ii a nd ons s s o f o 1 80 a a a . v s o s p tr ] , c i t ab ut m ll qu rt p ge , w ritten in v a ri ous ha nds o f the thirteenth century ; 1 20

a s n o c w Anna s a nd n p ge bei g cupied ith the l , the remai der w a a T s Anna s o f T w s ith the C rtul ry . he e l e ke bury give a s ho rt memo ra ndum fo r ea ch year o f o ccurrences c onnected w Mo n s or a ff n its n s s a nd a n of ith the a tery, ecti g i tere t m y the memora nda a r e o f further interes t a s bea ring o n na tio na l

he k b s w o n in 1 66 a nd s o . T w o s 0 hi t ry r egin ith the C que t , ,

s off in 12 63 — te n s fo E w a I break abruptly year be re d rd . PR F 4 E ACE .

’ c a m to r on a nd a o m o f R c a r s e the th e , b ut the ti e i hard de Cl e d a But a re fe w s n f s n e th . there detail give o the ﬁr t ce tury a nd a f a nd ﬁv e -s h s o f S a c o c c a h l , ixt the p e upied by the a nna lis t i s ta ken up w ith the rec o rd of events betw een

2 20 nd 12 Th e a o n s a s f 1 a 63 . det ils rec rded duri g thi l t hal

‘ n a re a o w o f s c c a a a s to b e ce tury r rely, h ever, u h a h r cter interes ting to o rdinary rea ders and little li ght is thro w n

m on s o of n by the the hi t ry the Church a nd M o astery . The o ther do cum ent referre d to is of a much m ore inte n It i ll s a a . s s a o MS o f 68 e s re ti g ch r cter a m quart . pag ,

’ n Re is trum Th e ok u sb uriee a nd o n n to e titled g , bel gi g the

a o f a s E un Is a o f a o libr ry Sir Ch rle dm d h m , L mp rt , 1 No r h ons to w o s o s a o a nd th e t ampt hire , h e c urte y the uth r reader are indebted for the use o f it in the co mpila tion o f

f h s a m e m a ndu o ds On th e ve llum cove r o t e MS . i or m in the s e w r ‘ n s Sir us n a n s m n h He a ne MS . e o to I a Ba o e T o T s . . hi b l g J ti i h , r t r , F b 1 3 2 Low e d ow n i s o ne of e a e da e : o na a n T a s e . 3 , 7 r rli r t J th r k h hili e r h f m e m m a n a nd He nry Dre s se r a d T o . P pp p o T e or r e or ’ ne d the f ow n e m e a ne M d a d um i s e x a o a c f o H s S . pl i by ll i g xtr t r r i ry , h i s e d in the Bo d e a n L a 1 ‘ F b Mon w c s e e . 33 e . 5 i h pr rv l i ibr ry [ 7 ] . d a s e b 3 Mr Bus e Is a m ut n m a nds d a a u a F . . o y . S t r y l t, , by h p i t y h , e n e n m e his o e Sir us n a n Is a m a e 4° MS in b i g l t by br th r, J ti i h , littl . a e in wh c a re m a n c u e s or u e s of e so ns a nd a m s do ne p p r, i h y pi t r , ﬁg r , p r r , w a e n b ut not co ou e d wh c i s nt u e d Re is tra m The ohus buriw ith p l r , i h i it l g se cund um ori ina le e xa mina tum . It is e fa w i e n a nd s e e ms g v ry irly r tt , V e a e s a t h m f H n . a d w to b e a ou t e e o e V III or Edw I . T o b t ti ry r l v , e a s a t th e e nn n a re cut out w a e con a ne d or w e e l t, b gi i g ; h t th y t i , h th r The e n o a s it i s i s he w e e o n a n do e s not a e a . e s o t y r ly bl k, pp r pr t b k , , ’ fo lio d e nn n w 1 2 e tc . the o na ha nd a nd e nds wi h , b gi i g ith , , , by rigi l , t But f 3 i n out a nd a f e 34 fou e a e s a t e a s a e a 34. o o 0 s o li t r , t r r l v , l t , pp r a n T ou it b e ca e d Re is tra nt e t it is on a n to e e e cut out. h v b h gh ll g , y ly ro Ha wa rdi M e a we e x a c f om s om e Re s e . It e ns Uxor ve tr t r gi t r b gi , y , n e e de d It is which shows tha t in th e origina l Re gis te r othe r thi gs pr c . th e libe lla s r a t ea s a co o f th e libe lla s m a d e use of Le a nd in , o l t py , by l his I n l i 6 0 I d e e e d it a c to the Re c o of L nco n o . v . . . ti . v p liv r b k t r i l o to -da in the a f e noon u n it n o his own ha nds a t L nco n C ll . y t r , p tti g i t i l ’ o e C ll ge . PREFACE . 5

ur s M is w o T s o S . the pres ent volume . hi very c i u h lly

n a on o f I a nd o o s s writte in imit ti talic type , l k at a ﬁr t

n It is o n n e w glance like a pri ted pamphlet . r ame t d ith

a n n a e s o f a n o a s o f s the qu i t i iti l lett r the time, m y c t arm , a nd twenty-tw o pe n-a nd-ink draw ings o f the fo unders a nd

‘ ’ a ons o f A f o o a nd D o dd o to D p tr the bbey, r m Odd the uke

f w The w n s s to of o a o War ick . riti g eem be ab ut the d te

1 540 -50 Th e s fo n s o w . ﬁr t urtee page are ccupied ith a s umm a ry o f the fo unda tion a nd endow ments o f Te w k e s — bury ; the remainder beginning Temporibus illus tris s i

o rinci u Ethe ldr e di e t Eth e lb a ldi M a r m rum p p , regum cio ru -consis ts o f s hort bio graphical notices o f the Ea rls

u nd o ons o f A Th e M o f o s a . S Gl ce ter, ther patr the bbey .

’ breaks o ff abruptly in the middle o f th e D uke o f Warw ick s

f a nd w a s n n n s for s fo o Li e, it evide tly ever ﬁ i hed, the la t li i s o n w n o n o ne s o -w o for ly ritte ide, th ugh the catch rd the o ther is ins erted

In s M s i s M of the Briti h u eum Library there a S . the

a a o f s n n w i s nt e rly p rt the ixtee th ce tury, hich evide ly

C o f o s o r n a s a or o m a nd pied r m the ame igi al the L mp t v lu e ,

’ a n f It n a s s T . s . o s perh p by Lel d him el begi at emp ribu , etc , a nd is brought do wn to the time o f the battle o f Te wk e s

ur a nd is n on fund a toribu s e t b y , e titled Chr ica de de unda tio ne Eocliae The okusb uri f n f se . Quae u data fuit primo

’ a Dni D C XV e r D Ma r i rum A6 C . s c o o Grati e , p uce . [ Cle if 220 T n a a 0 . . s o o a n n c p tr . iii hi C tt i ma us ript

’ ’ ’ i s n i n D u da le s Mo na stico n 5 —65 Elli d . 9 e s e . pri ted g , ii , ,

’ a nd is ns o o s Atk ns H s o o f tra lated , but very l ely, in y i t ry

’ ’ G o s s n e r a T w s . l uce ter hire , u d the rticle e ke bury

o o u s e w a s a o f h s s MS B nn in G d m de t i la t . by e ett the

’ o a o n o f his H s o o f T w s a nd w o c mpil ti i t ry e ke bury , that rk is entitled to great res pect a s one o f the bes t volumes o f a 6 PREFACE .

n w n fo od rn local to pography that had bee ritte be re the m e u development of archaeolo gical s t dies . ’ In the little volume no w in the read er s hands the i author h a s had the advanta ge o f using w hat h s predeces s o rs

n s s a nd s o the l i ht ow n ha ve written o the ame ubject, al g thr

s A on os a o n it by recent dis co verie . m g the m t rem rkable h o f the la tter m a y be mentioned the identiﬁcation o f t e

a nd D e s e nce r r s a nd on o f D e Clare p g ave , the exhumati

n s f e ﬁi ie s f o s o f r many fragme t o their g r m the ite the alta ,

fo r o f o s a nd w w hich s eem to have rmed pa t a rered , hich are evidently the o rigina ls o f the pe n-a nd-ink draw ings in

’ n But f e n Sir Charles Ish a m s ma us c ript Regi ster . a ter d e a vouring to exha us t every s o urce of info rmation about

r a nd Mon s o i s the Abbey Chu ch the a tery, the auth r obliged to print w ha t he h a s ga thered w ith an expres s ion

f i s f r a ll s o n o a n o n o f o regret that it , a te , i c mplete acc u t a fo n on on s o o n a nd ns He c a n o n u da ti ce imp rta t exte ive . ly hope that his la b o ur o f love may be the mea ns o f attra cting f n on to A a nd of s ul a n n r urther atte ti the bbey, tim ti g i qui y a s to rec ords that may s till be hi dden in public o r private libraries .

Th e o s ons o f o s a r e o heli type illu trati the t mb c pied , by

s s on fr o m ra s a s in N a nd permi i , m the ad i ble teel pl te eale

’ ’ K e ux s w s of o a a nd o Le Vie C llegi te Par chial Churches .

Th e s s n n D s o a nd D o dd o three plate repre e ti g uke Odd ,

-E on a nd hi s w f a nd the o f a Fitz am i e Sybil , deathbed L dy

W w fa c-s s s in s of r w n ar ick , are imile (rather maller ize) d a i gs

’ in Sir s Is ha m s n s For n o f Charle ma u cript . the pla s the Choirs o f We stminster a nd Tew kesbury at page 1 1 8 the

o is n to o r o n w o s auth r i debted Sir Ge rge Gilbe t Sc tt, u der h e talented guidance the careful a nd conservative Re storation of A is rie on the bbey being car d . C O N T E N T S .

PREFACE

EARLIEST FOUNDATION OF Tw ESBURY The Anglo -Sa xon Mona ste ry

- REBUILDING OF THE ABBEY BY FITZ HAMON AND EARL ROBERT OF GLO UCESTER D e dica tion o f th e Abbe y

LORDS OF TEWK ESBURY AND PATRON S OF THE ABBEY

Ro e F -Ro F s Ea of G ouce s e b rt itz y, ir t rl l t r a m F ount e cond Ea o f G ouce s e Willi itz C , S rl l t r Mo na s te ry burne d m 1 1 78

ohn Th rd Ea of G ouce s e a f e w a ds K n of En a nd . J , i rl l t r, t r r i g gl Ge off e Ma nd e v ﬂle Ea of Es s e a nd Fou Ea of Glou r y , rl x rth rl ce s te r The Inte rdict A m e c e e e ux F f h Ea of Glouce s e l ri D v r , i t rl t r G e de a e Ea o f G ouce s e a nd Ea of He fo d ilb rt Cl r , Sixth rl l t r, rl rt r

Is a e oun e s s o f o nwa G ouce s e e tc. b l , C t C r ll, l t r, R c a d d e a e e e n Ea of G ouce s e a nd Ea of i h r Cl r , S v th rl l t r, rl fo He rt rd 0 Tra nsla tio n of Fitz Ha m on G e d e a e E h Ea of G ouce s e a nd Ea of ilb rt Cl r , ight rl l t r, rl He rtford Ra de Month e rm e r N n Ea o f G uce s e lph , i th rl lo t r G e d e a e Te n Ea o f G ouce s e a nd Ea of He fo d ilb rt Cl r , th rl l t r. rl rt r Hu Fou h Ba on D e s e nce r E e e n h Ea of G o uce s e gh, rt r p , l v t rl l t r Hu F ft Ba on De s e nce r gh, i h r p Gu d e B e n Lo d e w n y ri , r W l y Edwa d Ba on D e s e nce r r , Sixth r p Thoma s e e n h Ba ron D e s e nce r a nd T e e n h Ea of , S v t p , hirt t rl Glouce ste r O R cha d E Ba on De s e nce r a nd F f Ba on Bur he rsh i r , ighth r p , i th r g Is a e De s e nce r oun e s s Of a w c Ab e r a ve nne Wor b l p , C t W r i k , g y, ce s e a nd e ma e t r, Alb rl 8 CONTENTS.

ND PAT s — continue d PAGE LORDS OF TEWKESBURY A RON .

Be a uc a m Ea O f a w c h p , rl W r i k Be a uc a m u e of a w c h p , D k W r i k ’ Ne e Ea o f a w c the K n -Ma e vill , rl W r i k , i g k r G e o e P a n a e ne u e o f a e nce rg l t g t, D k Cl r Edwa d P a n a e ne Ea Of a w c a nd a l s ur r l t g t, rl W r i k S i b y THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY THE MON ASTE RY AN D ITS END A WALK ROUND THE ABBEY

’ GENEALO G I CAL TABLE OF FOUND ER S DESCENDANTS LIST OF THE ABBOTS LIST OF EMINENT PERSON S ASSOC IATED WITH THE ABBEY APPENDIX ; IMPORTANT STEPS IN THE WORK OF RESTORATION FROM 18 75 To 1 8 98

I L L US T R A TI O N S .

G ROUND PLAN OF TEWKESBURY ABBEY DUKES ODDO AND D OD D O to fa ce pa ge 1 7 FITz -HAMO N AN D THE LADY SYBIL 30

‘ A O CHELTENHAM S TO B W H F G EN S OF BB T M , IT RA M T SCULPTURE WARWICK CHANTRY D EATH OF ISABELLA DESPENOER THE ABBEY IN 1 732 NORTH -WES T V 1EW OF THE ABBEY SOUTH-EAST V IEW NORTH-EAST V IEW

NO N C PEL AND P OF E SOU H CHO RMA HA ART, TH T IR AMBULATORY INTERIOR OF CHOIR IN 1 8 74 COMPARATIV E PLANS OF WESTMIN STERAND TEWKESBURY CHOIRS ABBOT WAxEM AN CENOTAPH AND MONUMENT To GUY DE BRIEN Y TEWKESBURY ABBE .

OF o ur w n - u s on n t e ty eight cathedral ch rche ly eightee , a nd o f o ur minsters w hich a re no t cathedrals o nly three ’ n A n a nd — in S s s . s B We tmi ter, St lba , everley exceed ize the a nd f f T s It o s illustrio us beauti ul abbey O ew ke bury . c me n in ns o ns o n o ur a u s to ext dime i , am g all gre t ch rche , the a o f H fo h nw is s tw o r s S o r C thedral ere rd , t a hich it ju t ya d h rte 1 a nd n n o e yard arro w er . The fa bric of th e exis ting church w a s chieﬂy c ons tructed in f n f w f o H I . s o the reign e ry , the earlie t quarter the t el th century but the upper part o f the choir w a s reco nstructed in o f n o f E w III o t w the middle the reig d ard . , ab u hich perio d also the cha ntry chapels w ere added to the eas t nd e .

D ow n to o f R for on the time the e mati , the abbey church fo rmed part o f a Benedictine monas tery ; s ucces s ive gene ; rations o f that learned a nd industrio u s o rder o f mo nk s

The compa ra tive dim e nsions o f the se churche s m a y b e e stima te d a s follo ws Are a ’ A a ns e St . lb f e t Be ve rle y He re ford Te wke sbury

The n e o e n h o f Te w e s u e hu c i s 2 8 6 fe e 6 nc e s i t ri r l gt k b ry Abb y C r h t i h , the e a d h f om wa to wa is 0 fe e 6 nc e s a nd the e of the br t r ll ll 7 t i h , h ight a u n f om the a e me n is 58 fe e v lti g r p v t t . B WK B Y Y 1 0 TE ES UR ABBE . having h a d their h ome o n the S po t a s fa r back a s the time n But o n s o n s o r h n s . o f t e Mercia ki g the m k ly u ed the ch i , n ow a nd s n o s b a o f the space u der the t er, the ea ter m t y the a nd o o f n s f w a s us e na ve the b dy the ave it el ed , time imm

o a a s a s o f T w s . n m ri l, the p ri h church e ke bury Whe the H n III na r w a s s s o i n 1 539 V . s o mo s te y di lved , e ry ld the

o na c o on o f to o wn a nd o n m s ti p rti the church the t , c ﬁrmed o to n a nd s w o o f their immem rial right the ave , thu the h le the

a n n n s c s m g iﬁce t buildi g became a pari h chur h , the large t ’ n nd e n n A s a B . in E gla d exc ept St . lba everl y l Te n generati o ns have p a s s ed aw ay S inc e the dis s olution o f ona s c fo n ons a nd n a m ti u dati , duri g that time there h ve been fe w pers ons w h o cared to s e e our minsters pre s er ved in o na o n o n — f w s w h o n s o o their rigi l c diti , e er till u der t d

e T w s A ha s o w f fa r e th m . e ke bury bbey , h ever, ared bett r tha n s ome o thers w hich w ere given up fo r the u s e o f the o wns in w w S At M s a nd t hich they ere ituated . alme bury w s u no n n s of no s Shre b ry, thi g but the ave their ble abbey rem a in ; at Pers hore o nly the ch o ir ; but Tewkesbury ha s n s s a s f a s o ur a s bee pre erved at lea t care ully cathedr l churche . Its grandeur ha s indeed been desp oiled by the des tructio n o f a ll the c onventua l buildings its externa l pro po rtio ns

n n ow n of o o fs its n o have bee i jured by the l eri g the r , i teri r bea uty ha s been marred by the w anto n damage o f monu n s on o f s a s a nd s ub s titu me t , the erecti clum y g llerie , the ti on o f w hitew as h fo r colo ur but the trans epts a nd the eas tern p ortion o f the church remain perfect a s w ell a s the n f n a nd a a h a s o o w n to o ur . in ave , the m i bric c me d time a s o f s n s o n is s o ss tate uch excelle t pre ervati , that it till p ible to s o to of its n n At s re t re it much a cie t beauty . the ame

1 The B s o of o ce s e a e m e d i n 1 2 42 to a e a wa f om i h p W r t r tt pt , , t k y r th e a bbot a nd m onks of Te wke s bury the right o f a ppointing vica rs of

Te w e s u a nd of . a m e s B s o b ut h s a e m wa s s ucce ssfu k b ry, St J = ri t l , t i tt pt lly e s s e d a nd the ca s of e s e tw o c u e w e r i t , vi r th h rch s re a pp ointe d by the cha e of the a e d own to the me o f th Re f m n n pt r bb y ti e or a tio . A na ls of ’ Te w e s u a d mm k b ry , .

E 12 Tw SBURY ABBEY. the mo rning s hado w cas t upon the gro und by the hous e of peace . S o c omplete a sto ry o f the life tha t h a s been as s o ciated s A nno no w o fe w w ith Te w ke bury bbey ca t be t ld, but a pa rticula rs o f it c a n be draw n ou t of the highw ays a nd b y w a ys o f do cumenta ry evidence a nd histo rical traditio n a nd o s w h o s n o f th e appreciate the pre e t beauty the church ,

nd a re n s in its n o w s to a i tere ted revivi g gl ry, ill be plea ed a dd even tho s e fe w particulars to the kno w ledge w hich

a n f o s on s s s really c be gathered r m the t e them elve .

RLIES FO D I N T WKESB RY THE EA T UN AT O OF E U .

There have been many c onjecture s a s to the time at w hich the firs t o f o ur lo ng -a go ances tors came to s ettle w ne w to n thems elve s at Te ke sbury . O ill have it have bee a Britis h to w n in pre-his toric days ano ther identifies it w ith ’ s on o f Ro ns Etoce s s a n w a tati the ma , called , a ame hich he s uppo s es to be taken fro m its conjectura l Britis h prede ‘ ’ s s o Eto cis c e u n o f w rs c o n ce r , the meeti g the ate a third s s w a s ow n o f An o - on fo n o n na ider that it a t gl Sax u dati , med ’ Dukes Bury fr o m Dukes Od o a nd D o do But the c o o n r o n w o on ns mm ly eceived acc u t , hich pr bably c tai the s s a n o f o m a tte r is n ub t ce the truth ab ut the f that ha ded do wn to u S in the ancient Regis ter o r Chronicle of Te wk e s n o n in fa bury me ti ed the pre ce . Fro m this medi ae va l his to ry it appears that the firs t Chris tian ch urch at Te wkes bury w a s a s mall building a n s s o n on n The o c w o s erected by early mi i ary m k amed , h e is a ss n to a o f s n n time ig ed the l tter part the eve th ce tury, a bo ut tw o generatio ns after the convers ion o f the s o uthern A s i n f n ons . o In Sax by St ugu t e Ca terbury . the year s a s An o - a on on M ns y the gl S x Chr icle, the ercia became ’

s a ns s . o f Li chﬁe ld a nd Chri ti , being evangeli ed by St Chad his o a s But o n o n T s as s ci te . the c u try ar u d ewke bury la y fa r aw ay from that part of Mercia in which thes e h oly men D 1 rs EARLIEST FOUN ATION. 1 3

s n s of En a a nd rev1ved the almo t exti gui hed Church gl nd , I The o c w a s probably o ne o f the o ld race w h o cro s s ed th e bo rder and s e t up his mis sionary hut on the w es tern bank

o f rn in o n o n s nn n to s the Seve , a c u try ly ju t begi i g be ettled n w n B on a nd a o n again after the devastati g w ars bet ee rit S x . T in w os for his s s on here, the place hich he ch e mi i , he w o uld build s uch a chapel of w o o d a s Paulinus had built f f A D fo r the ﬁrst ch urch o f Yo rk a e w years be o re [ . . i to s oon n for w o r s on a church , l ke it , be cha ged a hite t e n Th n o f n w on o s . e buildi g, by the zeal the e ly c verted Sax life a nd teaching of a s aintly mis s ionary w o uld a ls o s o e n to e o o n a s to a of his dear him the p ple ar u d, make the pl ce hermita ge a nd church a religious centre for the dis trict a l w o s n on s o a nd o s ona vil age uld pri g up the p t, th ugh all per l s o o f The o c ha s s s n o o on his n i s hi t ry pa ed i t blivi , ame held ’ in o n of o wn The oc s perpetual mem ry by the ame the t , B 2 r o r ow n now s of n n o T w s r . u y t , te ed i t e ke bu y

THE ANGLO-SAXON MONAS RY TE .

The mediaeval chronicle go es on to narrate the devel o p ’ n o f Th e o c s mi a o o na s a s fo o w s me t her t ge int a m tery ll . In the times o f the mo s t illus trio us prince s a nd kings o f ’ M E nd Eth lb a ld A D 6 5 h a e . 7 ercia, thelred [ . t ere o s tw o no s n o a nd D o dd o ﬂ uri hed ble duke , amed Odd ; s o f a n s o s f a nd n n in member illu tri u amily, emi e t them s s for r rt But w w a s o s to elve thei great vi ue . hat m re till

1 The na me The oc is e ne a found in the La n s e d fo m The ocus g r lly ti i r , b ut it is a n a n a nc e n B s na me Te n e a s e fo e the m ss o n pl i ly i t riti h . y r b r i i A o f . u us ne 1 n the e a 5 8 6 Tha dioc or Tha dio cus s o o f St g ti , y r , , , bi h p Yo w a s d e n n o a e s the a on n a s o n wh e the na m e s rk , riv i t W l by S x i v i ; il o f . e d a d oc u a m on o f B s s a n St P troc a n St . C oe c r g th s e o riti h i ts of the s e e n d s a ce n u . a a oc wa e v th t ry C r l t r. 2 ’ Th e own of Bu . Edmund s a u e d na na c its m e o . t ry St q ir , rigi lly St ’ Edmund s Bu in a S m a ma nne ou h e ne a on for the s a n ry, i il r r, thr g v r ti i t ‘ ’ w os e na m e a s The okusb uria i he a n f r h it be r . s t comm on L ti form o Te w e s u a mon m e d ae a w e s k b ry g i v l rit r . - X N ON 14 THE ANe Lo SA O M ASTERY.

ono o s s to s o f their h ur, they dev ted them elve the pread

D v n w o s a nd n a nd ono n Go d fo i i e r hip , livi g h uri g be re all n s w o s Him s s w S n o thi g , they r hipped them elve ith i cere dev n T a for w o s o f Go d w a s n S o wn tio . heir ze l the r hip i deed h d s fo r o Ho a nd by their dee , m ved by the ly Spirit they their

e s s o s a n n n o n s s a nd predec r had built m y mag iﬁce t m a terie ,

n ow w h n fo r th e n s o f n e d ed them ith muc la d, i crea e divi e h n s fe s ervi c e a nd o f t e mo a tic li . T s tw o no n on h o a s o f he e bleme , am g t eir ther ct piety a nd fo nd in 715 o na s to charity, u ed the year , a m tery, the o o f Go d a nd o no o f B s s V r n M r gl ry , the h ur the le ed i gi a y , o n o w n s n n s n s s n their e tate ear the Sever , eve mile di ta t f o ou s in c w n c r m Gl ce ter, the pla e here a certai hermit alled Th e o cus un Th e okusb uria — ha d m his a o de ade b de . T e a n d th e m no a nw w its m s h y gr te a r called St ay, ith me ber , a nd o s o s s s s o ns o w s n n n o f th e ther maller p e i , t ard the mai te a ce m o n s w h o w no t o n fo o r in n m k , ere m re tha ur ﬁve u ber, that the y m ight live a life o f religi on under the go vernment o f o o n to o f o ur fa B n a pri r, acc rdi g the rule ther St . e edict . Th e o s o f s no nw o m w e f b die the e bleme , h ully believe to a n a ns a to a n fo r o o s h ve bee tr l ted he ve their g d deed , lie in o f s o w h n buried the church Per h re , ich they had e riched w a n os s s s ons a nd w o h a d o n ith m y p e i , here Odd put the m on T h d h n s . a n a tic habit hey a certai bro t er amed Almeric , w o s o w a s u D s in o h e b dy b ried at eerhur t, a little chapel ver a ns f T s a w a s f ag i t the gate o the prio ry . hi ch pel ormerly

of a o a a nd S o w a n o ld o part r yal p lace , there they h t mb n to s d a w a n ns on o eve thi y, ith i cripti ver the gate , that Duk e D o do caus ed this ro ya l pa lace to be c o ns ecrated a s

to o no o f n Ma r o n o n of a church the h ur the Virgi y, acc u t o w o to hi s o A ri the l ve hich he b re br ther lme c . Then the w riter go es o n to a dd that there i s no certa in acc o unt a s to th o s e w h o ha d the right o f patronage o f the m onastery fo r many years after w a r des olating the o n for tw o n s its s n n o s w r c u try ce turie , until eve ki gd m e e all ‘ ND DD DUKES ODDO A DO O . 1 5 brought under the authority of one s o vereign in the tu ne o f/ n A s n Ki g thel ta . But c s ta n i a s s o un i s c a n no ircum t al thi acc t , there be d oubt that the chro nicler w a s entirely mis taken a s to th e w fo n s o f on s d time at hich the alleged u der the m a tery live , a nd a s he ends his acc ount of the early days of the mo nas tery by exho rting a ny o ne w h o m a y dis co ver the fa cts m o re 1 a n to s s u s a nts o f fo r his w e cert i ly ub tit te their t teme them , f w n his o on B s o m a y ta ke the liberty o fo llo i g exh rtati . i h p ’ on o s i n hi s no s to his o n o f n s Gibs rec rd , te editi Camde ’ ‘ B nn a w h e s in th e a 1 695 a in rita i , hich publi hed ye r , th t

5 Mr o w d u in his o a D the yea r 1 6 7 . P ell g up rch rd at eer 2 ‘ hurs t a n old s to ne w ith this ins criptio n : Odda D ux j u s sit hanc regiam a nla m c ons trui atque d e dica ri in o no T n s ro a n a n s ui Elfrici ae h rem S . ri itati , p ima germ i qu h o a s um ta Ea ld re dus o E is cO us de c lo c o s p . ver p p qui

d e m d e di a it 2 Idi us A 143 nno R n e a n c v b . pril , autem a eg i S .

Ea d a rd R n l um D n i e . o w egis A g or t. uke Odda c mma ded s o a a to a nd to to thi r yal p l ce be built, be dedicated the Holy Trinity for the s oul o f his c ous in Elfrick w hic h w a s

f o m his o in s But Ea ld re d w a parted r b dy thi place . s the bis ho p w h o cons ecra ted it o n the s econd of the Ide s o f ’ 3 A a nd the fo n o f ol n E w pril , urtee th year the h y Ki g d ard . - No w the name D udda o ccurs in the Anglo Saxon on a f n w h o i A a s o a a n . D 8 33 a n Chr icle th t e rl died . ; d a n in a n n Eth e lw ulf in a 840 4 gai a gr t made by Ki g the ye r , a nd o f o n o f D o n 8 75 is Odda , duke the pr vi ce ev in ,

1 Si uiS ce rtius a i u d in uis i e rit d e le to nce o uo d fue q l q i q , i rt , q rit , ’ m e m o a i s lin ua r ri l cripto re q tu . 2 The inscription a s giv e n by the m e diae va l write r of th e chro nicl e is Ha nc e a m a nla m Do dux co ns e cra ri fe c e ccl e sia m a d hono e , r gi it r m ’ e a ae Ma rlee n s Ob a m ore m fra tris s ui Alm a rici b t Virgi i . 3 ’ ’ ’ a md e n s Br a nn a c d . 1 6 9 5 . The s one i s now C it i , ( , p t a m on th e und e m a e s a t O fo d g Ar l rbl x r . 4 ’ ’ Ha dd d o unci s iii 2 4 a n a n u s &c . . 6 T e e wa s a so a St bb C l , , . h r l ' udda s o of W nc e ste in th e e h h ce n u D bi h p i h r ig t t ry . L - X ON ON S 1 6 THE ANG O SA M A TERY.

n on Eth e lw a rd s n n o f Ethe lw ulf in his me ti ed by , a de ce da t , on w n wri n o w s w n n A f chr icle, he ti g ab ut the ar bet ee Ki g l red nd D n s But a o f T w sb r n a the a e . the Odd the e ke u y Chro icle a nd o f the ins cription i s evidently the o ne mentio ned a s living a nd dying in the time o f Edw a rd the C onfes s o r by ‘ ’ An - a o n ron c And s o . A O the gl S x Ch i le the ame year, . . ‘ ’ 1 053 Elfric Odda s o D s a nd hi s , died , br ther, at eerhur t, ’ ‘ ’ ‘ s a t s o T s A O 1 05 d o . . . 6 b dy re teth Per h re hi year , , die da a a nd his o s a t s o a nd w a s Od the e rl , b dy lie Per h re, he o a n a on fo hi s e nd : oo m a n w a s a nd rd i ed m k be re a g d he , a nd no And o n 2nd f . o pure, right ble he died the the & a n s of a i s o n A s 31 8 t His K le d September, th t , ugu t . c ha ra cter i s given in s imila r terms by Flo rence o f NV o rc e s te r w h o s s un 1 056 Ea A e lw in , ay der the year rl g , a is d a c s o f c s n a n o f th t O d , the heri her chur he , the e tert i er o o th e f nd o f w o w s a nd o ns o e the p r , de e er id rpha , the v r o w o f n s a a n of n o n 2nd thr er tyra t , the gu rdi virgi ity, died the o f n s o f D u s n n the Kale d September at eerh r t , havi g bee

a a o n s o fo his a A s o o f m de m k h rtly be re de th by ldred , bi h p o s Buth w a s in o n o f o W rce ter . e buried the m astery Pers h re ’ w a o n ith gre t cerem y . T i s n fo s o o in s a here evide tly, there re, me err r the t te ment tha t the mo na stery o f Tew kesbury w a s fo unded in th e e a 71 5 a a nd D d a w o s & o w a s c o m y r by Odd ud , h e br ther

' m e m o ra te d a n ns o n a t D s by i cripti eerhurs t . Perhap the c o n ha s u tw o a ons o ne a n to hr icler mixed p tr diti , rel ti g n fa c ons n to o na s b o r A e lwin be e ti give the m tery y Odda g , ’ a o f M r a th e c s o f chu c s in n e rl e ci , heri her r he , the eleve th c e ntury ; a nd ano ther rela ting to a n event w hich o ccurred n s fo un a on o f the m on s three ce turie earlier, the d ti a tery by a n Ea D u d d a w o s na is o a b l e a e d in rl , ( h e me pr b y perp tu t

' h a o f n in w o u s is S a t t the hu dred hich Gl ce ter itu ted ,

1 Ano he e s on o f th e n o - a on o n c e e d e d I n t r v r i A gl S x Chr i l , it by Dr. ‘ a m . s a s a Odd a who w a s a s o ca e d A e lwin w a s a o n e d e a gr y th t , l ll g , pp i t rl o v e e ons e o e om e s e o e o s e a nd o e the e s r D v hir , v r S r t , v r D r t , v r W l h, in

’ Re s e r. Fro m Sir Cha rle s Ish um s C o py o f T e wk e sb ury gi t

- 18 THE ANGLO SAXON MONASTERY .

n m a n s f things hateful to Go d a d . She accu ed be o re the k a ll w o m sh e o s s o l a nd s a f r ing h p ibly c u d , thu cr tily dep ived them either o f p ow er o r life ; a nd if sh e c o uld no t o btain n h s o h e r ob f o s e o s on. ject r m the ki g, de tr yed them by p i It w a s no to rio us tha t Sh e acted thus tow ards a yo ung m a n wh o w a s a great fa vo urite w ith the king ; fo r w hen Sh e c o uld no t suc ceed in h e r accu s ati ons sh e rem o ved him b y o s on It i s s o a n Be rthric s f p i . al related, th t Ki g him el n no w n o o o f o s on o n u k i gly part k the p i , th ugh the quee had no t intended to pla ce it in his w a y ; but he a nd his ’ f n n f o Th a o o o s . e v urite b th dri ki g it, they b th peri hed c on o s no t n s ms a n s s a s hr icle d e arrate the e circu t ce , but y o n d o f Be rthric in a r 8 00 hi s o w a s that the eath , the ye , b dy in his o wk s buried in the chapel o f St . Faith pri ry o f Te e a a of M ns n H l a nd bury, by great e rl the ercia , amed ugh H s f n its o n w a s in that ugh him el , bei g patr , buried the

‘ in 1 2 n s a o s a me prio ry the year 8 . Lela d add th t the t mb o f t w a s to s n in hi s o n no s the la ter be ee time, the rth ide o f the nave o f the pres ent church ; a nd p o s sibly s ome mem o ria l of this ea rl o f Mercia may s till exis t am o ng the inverted s to nes tha t o ccur here a nd there among tho s e o f o n a n the m der p veme t . A o n s o is o o f n Ethb ur a fte r ma tic t ry t ld Quee g , that a r ’ h e r s n s she w a s o to En nd a nd hu ba d death bliged leave gla , w n to o t o f n AS s he s o o fo e t the c ur Charlemag e . t d be re

Willia m of Ma lme sb ury s a ys tha t he w a s burie d a t Wa re ha m in a w e e n f s a n e e c a e a c e o e s o e s e l a d is a of . h p l h r th r ki g W x y, th r h p l St Fa a t a e a m b ut a s h e s a s no n of Ea Hu the mo e cir ith W r h ; y thi g rl gh, r m ta ntia l ro n f e w s cu s Ch icle o T k e bury i s proba bly corre ct . The a rm s which a t a la te r tim e w e re a ttribute d to the kings of e ss e — the c os s a once e we e n ﬁve m a e s m o e fa m a a s W x r p t b t rtl t , r ili r — thos e of Edwa rd the Co nfe s sor a re e xta nt in the Abb e y a s the a rm s ’ of oa n d Acre da u e o f Edwa d I . a nd w fe o f G e d e a e J , ght r r , i ilb rt Cl r , the re d e a of G ouce s e rl l t r. A ﬁgure of Hugo m a gnus dux Ma rciorum a dorns the Chronicl e of Te w e s u b ut h e doe s not w e a a s u coa nor a re a n a ms o e k b ry, r r t, y r th r w se s own in conne c o n h his o a i h ti wit p rtr it . L T EL ARD DE X 19 EAR E H W MEAU .

i n him m a n s n s o h s thro e and made y pre e t , the emper r bade

h r o s Sh e w o h him o r his s o n w ho e ch o e w hich uld ave , ,

o Ethb ur a ha d o o s o r s t o d be s ide him . g the g d ta te, the b a d a s to s a s he w o f I ince a s t te , y uld pre er the p , bec u e he T n o s n o w a s o n . the y u ger he the emper r, mili g , t ld her tha t if sh e had cho s en him he w o uld have given her his

s o n a s She ha d d sh e s o h n . , but rejecte him h uld ave either He made the w id o w a n abbe s s ins tead of a w ife ; but no t long a fterw ards he w a s o bliged to banis h her fro m his o n ons a nd f s f f Ethb ur a d mi i , a ter a di grace ul li e, g died in w n s s a w in s s retched e at Pavi here , her latter year , thi f o d a to Englis h queen had begged her bread r m y day . Fo r the next tw o centuries no thing is reco rded re n T D n o s s o n s w s . pecti g e ke bury uri g th e age , the c u try w a s dis tracted with the w a rs betw een the Englis h a nd the D n s n s a nd o n h a s o n to s a a i h i vader ; the chr icler ly y, that the s everal generations o f m onk s w h o inhabited the prio ry w o f n n o u t o f r o w o s f ere te drive thei h me, hile the pri ry it el w a s w s o fa wh n to t ice de tr yed by ﬁre , a te ich happe ed the f o r n o Th e o o s s s . abbey Gl uce ter, al , du i g the ame peri d o n w n Ba a nd o s w a s in f r c u try bet ee th W rce ter , act, the g eat battle-gro und o n w hic h the i s sue w a s fought o ut during s o n a s A f a nd D n s a nd s ma y ye r , by l red the a e ; the la t great a nd cro w ning victo ry o f the English king in 8 93 w a s a n o s f o T w s in g i ed at a place ab ut ﬁve mile r m e ke bury, the s o f Bo n on a nd w i s s now f o pari h ddi gt , hich till k n , r m the o n o f s n a s The B o w burial m u d the lai , arr . It w a s pro bably in co nsequence o f thes e frequent m is fo n s T w s fo r o s its n n n rtu e that e ke bury a time l t i depe de ce, a nd became s ubject to the a bbey o f C ra nb ourn in D o rs et A l o f s hire . s mall co lege s ecular priests had existed at C ra nb o urn f o s a nd s w a s on r m very early time , thi c verted n o B n n Mon s o f Ba r o o w in i t the e edicti e a tery St . th l me , the l o f n n o s o n atter part the te th ce tury, by a n ble per age, w o s n is n ow n to us m o n w s h e ame ha ded d by re rece t riter , a s Ha lw a rd M o r Ha lw a rd now s n n y de eaux , y S , a de ce da t - N 2 0 THE ANGLo SAxON MO ASTERY .

E s o n o f A f his o f King Edw ard the lder, the l red the Great o in fo n on T s w ife Elgiva taking part als the u dati . hi Ha ylwa rd appears to be the same a s Elw ard o r Ethel w one of o ur on s wh o o n ard , early chr icler , c mpiled a charmi g little hi sto ry o f Engla nd fo r the information o f his co u s in

M l a w f o f n . In s i s o ati d , the i e a Germa duke thi h t ry he ’ gives his co us in s genealogy a s fo urth in des cent fro m E w E s on a nd his o w n a s fo r fro m d ard the lder, the , u th

E r d E o a nd s s o of A f thel e the lder, br ther predece r l red the H s o s s s f s Eth e lw a rdus Great . e al tyle him el , Fabiu , ’ ’ Pa tricius ons e t ae s o n ons a s , C ul Qu t r , the Lati title c ul ,

s f ns in no r s n n o f he him el explai a ther place , rep e e ti g that ’ En s the gli h earl . H n fo n his on s Cra nb ourn Eth e lw a rd avi g u ded m a tery at , , w h o w a s patron o f Tew kesbury (no do ubt a s ea rl o f M a a n n of fo a erci ) , made the l tter a depe de t cell the rmer , rela tio nship o f the tw o e sta blishments w hich w a s exactly e s in n n w S ow s Te w k e s rev r ed the ext ce tury, but hich h that d id not o s o o a n a o s on bury , at that time , ccupy imp rt t p iti a s it had done w hen Earl Hugh h a d ma de it the burial a o f n Ha w a r du s M e a w e e t Al iva o s pl ce a ki g . y g ux r eiu s n in s o f T w s a s n are repre e ted the regi ter e ke bury , a k ight a nd hi s s n e nd o f r s s o n a nd lady itti g at either a g a y m u t, o n r fo m w o n a ow h ldi g a c uci r church , ith a r u d emb ttled t er ’ a nd s n Th e n s s o s a f s s pire betwee them . k ight urc at bear e w n s ix s on o f o bet ee martlet , a ﬁeld g ld . Ea rl Ethe lw a rd w a s one of th o s e wh o fell in the grea t a nd decis ive battle fo ught betw een Edm und Iro ns id e a nd a nu As s e nd une o r As o w n in 10 16 a nd C te at hd the year , w a s d ra nb urn A T w s n in s burie at C o bbey . here ere lai thi ’ ‘ a s s o n o f o s r Eth e lw a rd th e b ttle , ay Fl re ce W rce te , earl, ’ s on o f o s f n Eth e lwin a o f Ea s An s a nd G d rie d e rl the t gle , a o s the En s no w h o n s s n lm t all gli h bility, ever u tai ed greater ’ 1 o s s in n n d a o o f a s l battle tha o that y . S me the early p ge

The a rm s a ttribute d in l a te r tim e s to th e kings of Ea st Anglia th e e e c owns fa m a a s th e a ms of th e s ho s o f El — a re found thr r ili r r bi p y, o n s e d s in h e hi l t e Abb y. L T ND IL EAR BER HRIC A &UEEN MAT DA . 2 1 o f Is R s w hi r r n d r f the ham egi ter, ch have neve been p i te , e er to ra nb ourn a nd s a Ha w a rd us w a s C , t te that y buried hi s w f Al iva s n a nd o n s f to there , i e g urvivi g him dev ti g her el o s A s of o n n s a nd re lie s s o w on g o d w o rk . li t r ame t be t ed up n Cra nb o urn by her is als o give . But in the co ntes t w hich brought a b out th e dea th o f Ea rl Eth e lwa rd almo s t a s m a ny o f the Englis h no bility ' S w a n a s w E n a nd on ided ith C ute ith dmu d , am g the ’ ‘ fo w a s s s on o n A rmer the earl , called by Fl re ce , lgar the ’ f e a e It w a s l of M n s s o n o M w . at the pa ace the ercia earl a t D s o s s s s on o f A on a o f eerhur t , the p e i lgar, the de th ’ Eth e lw a rd o r Ha lwa rd Me a w e n a nd E n y , that Ca ute dmu d e ntered into that treaty w hich brought peace to Engla nd n a n a nd his r n a u on until the C o ques t . C ute a my e c mped p s n is D s s o f n a nd the ea ter , that , the eerhur t , ide the Sever , E n o n w s n s w n in ﬁs h dmu d the e ter ide , and each king e t a ing-bo at to a n i sland called Ola ne ge o r Olne ye w hich is n n n lo w -w s o T E n ow o thi g but a ater h al . here dmu d n n to a s n o challe ged Ca ute decide their qu rrel by i gle c mbat , n o f the D a n s o but the prude ce e prevailed , that there they a a nd s w o to a t a a nd in f s a nd in greed re be pe ce, riend hip , ’ a nd n a A f o n o o o o w s . e w s br therh d , the ki gd m divided m th f w s o w n Ed n i n ond on a nd a ter ard , h ever, Ki g mu d died L w a s a s on a nd s n s o buried at Gl t bury, thu Ca ute became le

o e n f En n s v reig o gla d .

& No thing further i s kno wn o f Earl Algar o r o f his s s o on w T w s o a ciati ith e ke bury, than that thr ugh him the pa tro na ge o f bo th it a nd Cra nb ourn des cended to his s on Be rth ric in on Britric us Me a w e o of , called the chr icle , L rd ono ur o f o s wh o n o f s the h Gl uce ter , , like the ki g the ame ’ na o f w o n s n n a nd wh o me , became the victim a ma ve gea ce , wa s s An o- o o o f T w s Th e s or the la t gl Sax n l rd e ke bury . t y ’ o f Be rthri c s f is n n In his d s all a very s i gular o e . earlier ay

wa s s n o n s s to Ea o f n s a nd w he e t an emba y the rl Fla der , hile ’ at tha t co urt he attracted the affectio ns o f the earl s daughter M to s a n o r atilda uch extent , that the lady ad pted the ve y - 2 2 THE ANGLO SAXON MONASTERY.

— — unus ual co urs e perhaps it w a s lea p yea r o f o ffe ring

s lf to in a a hi s c s n f o n o f her e him m rri ge , dire t de ce t r m a ki g Engla nd placing him w e may s upp o s e o n a n equa l fo oting & f n a f a n s with the d a ughter o a e rl o Fl der . With all the o sn s s a n En s n n a nd a c co urte u e that gli h ge tlema , all the t t

a a n m a s s o S o S o w Be rth ric n th t a b ad r, h uld h , decli ed the ’ la dy s propo s al ; but tact a nd co urtesy co uld no t heal a ’ w o a n s w o n a nd M a his n m u ded pride , Lady aud bec me e emy B fo on she a fo r ever . e re l g made a higher m trimo nia l a nd in 1053 w if o f i D of ﬂight , became the e Will am , uk e a n Th e n f 1066 n f No rm dy . eve t ul year made her quee o ’ En a n a nd n o o f n n IVith gl d , the came the h ur her ve gea ce . ’ the king s authori ty to ba ck her— did S he tell him her — m o tives Matilda caus ed the fo rmer o bject o f her in l s f o to s in hi s a of Ha nle a o di creet av ur be eized ch pel y , b ut

1 - The d e sce nt of the se l a s t Angl o Sa xon lords of Te wk e sbury w a s a s follows King Ethe lwolf a a

King Ethe lre d

d . 8 71

Eth e lwold

l Elfwf ine = Ath e ls ta n Ea of Ea s An a , rl t gli

Athe lwin Ea rl of Ea s t Anglia d 2 . 9 9

' Eth e lwa rd Ea rl of Me rcia d . 1 0 16

1 In a no e a f th r p rt o the chronicle he i s sa id to ha ve b e e n s e ize d a t his ma no of Ha n e no m e n on e n ma de of ra n u Ha n r l y , ti b i g C b o rn. le y EARL ODDA . 2 3 thre e miles fro m Cra nb ourn Ab bey (w here he h a d perha ps fo r s a nc u on r d a o f h e r o on o n ﬂed t ary), the ve y y c r ati , a n h a d n r n to n s All his d him co veyed a p iso er Wi che ter . a n s w n o to n n a nd l d ere the made ver the a gry quee , he s f s a in s o n f w s n him el died mi er bly pri s ho rtly a ter ard , leavi g no s o n o r daughter to inherit her vengeance a nd his

sf n s T s T w s s fro its o ld En s mi o rtu e . hu e ke bury pas ed m gli h

o d s of a on n to n o f ne w o s No ns l r S x li e that li e c mer , the rma , w ho w ere s o on to become a s thoro ughly Englis h a s their in n predece s s o rs the high places o f the la d . It w a s during the time o f Be rthric that th e go o d Earl ’ A D n dd s o Elfric s . a d O a br ther died at Deerhur t [ . d a m s f A D b o n a t that O d hi el died [ . . th bei g buried s o N the m a nor o f T w s no r Per h re . either e ke bury the o n o f th e a o n to Ea a a nd a s patr age bbey bel ged rl Odd , ’ D eerhurs t w a s cro w n pro perty in Edward the C o nfess o r s a nd o n s o s s a t D time at the C que t , he m t likely re ided eer s o m a ns on a s E o f M a s a ns hur t in a r yal i arl ercia, the W rde ’ o f D n o s St B s s for t s n ea F re t had . riavel Ca tle heir re ide ce , a nd a s the Wardens of the Cinque Po rts no w live a t a s l He n fa or to Walmer C tle . may have been a be e ct

T w e s w A a nd Be rthric s on a nd a n son e k bury hile lgar , the gr d of fo of M w o s o f no r o f a rmer earl ercia , ere l rd the ma

a s e a fe w m e s f om Te w e s u wa s ce a n a m a no of the C tl , il r k b ry, rt i ly r o ds of Te w e s u not on a f e l r k b ry l g t r. A m ona s e e s e d a e e u s in h e m e o f Be d e a nd t t . t ry xi t D rh r t ti , St Al h e e the m a e d c s o of a n e u ha d e e n one of its p g , rtyr Ar hbi h p C t rb ry, b mon s b ut it w a s d e s o e d the a ne The ns c o n e fo e k ; tr y by D s . i ripti b r notice d s e e m s to Show tha t Ea rl Odd a re vive d it in m e m o ry of his But a t th e on ue s the o of u s w a s m a d e a e brothe r. C q t pri ry D e e rh r t c ll

of . e n s a nd it wa s e e n ua s e e d a s a n a e n o St D i , v t lly iz li pri ry by dwa d 1 The it w a s n d o n e u w a s a f e wa d s E 11 . n a e to E o e b t r gr t t C ll g , t r r ' e xcha nge d for Goldcliﬁe Priory; a nd thus b e ca m e the pro p e rty of

Te w e s u A e in w os e os s e s s onit e ma ne d the s s o u on. k b ry bb y, h p i r i till Di l ti ’ The fa rm o f th e s e ite of the Priory i s dow n in th e re nt-boo k of the s o s a 1 33i 1 a n hn Brom s re ve o of e e u s t 6 3 I o . a d o e vi it r . . g J g , pri r D rh r t ‘ h a nd a c e or o f d n e ce e d a e ns on of 1 3l. 6s . 8d . t e ofﬁce b h l ivi ity, r iv p i , e n a a e n a n ono a one b i g pp r tly h r ry . - 2 4 THE ANGLO SAXON MONASTERY.

’ A And a s Be rth ic Tewkesb ury a nd patro ns of the bbey . r s ‘ la nds w ere co mprehended under the na me of the hono ur ’ c s is no t n a a n rl o o f o f Glo u e ter, it u likely th t ea d m Glo uces ter had been taken o u t o f the earldo m of Me rcIa a t n on s ou i s no t s o me time precedi g the C que t, th gh the title n o f H n 1 d is tinctly traceable till the reig e ry . s m a n i s n n How ever thi y have bee , it certai that Quee ’ M a w o a n s s o f Ma s wh o w a s atild a m , ay William lme bury, a s n r o o f n in o ur a nd e rfe c i gula mirr r prude ce time , the p — tion o f virtue held the hono ur o f Glo uces ter w hich ha d ’ been Be rthric s during the remainder o f her life a nd w hen a r 1 a in s he died in the ye 083 it bec me merged the cro w n. It is not recorded that Tewkesbury Church ever beneﬁted ’ o ne o a s s os s s s on o f its o na gr at by her m je ty p e i patr ge . But a t the time w hen the s ecula r mano r o f Te w kes bury came into her ha nds the ec cles ia stical mano r o f the Abbey — w a s es tima ted a s 245 hides that i s nearly a cre s o f n n of w is o n in D o o s Bo o la d , the re tal hich reck ed m day k n n n 1 to ot o s r s . at 20 . a i c ide able e tate

I DI THE 2 6 REBU L NG OF ABBEY.

a n Th prince o f Caerma rthen a nd C a rdig . e expedition a n s c e -H o n a nd his n s n h vi g uc eded , Fitz am k ight dema ded the rewa rd w hich h a d been a greed upo n ; but their ally re f s to a o ut hi s n a nd n a n d to u ed c rry agreeme t, bei g ch lle ge s n c o a -Ha o n w a s s n o a n i gle mb t by Fitz m , lai ; the vict r t ki g o s s s s on o f a m o ns r v n a a n s o f nd p e i Gl rga hi e, gi i g l rge gr t la to hi s fo o w s a nd s a n s f a t a ff He nc e fo r ll er , e ti g him el C rdi . w d s fo n o w h o ha d o to En n a s o u t-a t ar thi reig l rd , c me gla d ’ o w s a s s o f r n n a o a o a elb the re t the F e chme , d pted r y l s w c S o w s h ow a a o o w n n tyle hi h h l rge territ ry he ed , calli g

s f o f Go d n o f a o a n Ea him el by the grace , Pri ce Gl m rg , rl o f o Ba on of T o n a nd a n o o f C rbeil , r h rig y Gr ville , L rd

o s B s o T w s a nd a ff o n e o Gl uce ter, ri t l , e ke bury, C rdi ; C qu r r of a s n ns n o f n a nd n a o f W le , ear ki ma the ki g, ge er l the ’ ’ n a m in a n ki g s r y Fr ce . T w s i or w a s s in a o ndi o n of e ke bury Pr y at thi time _ c ti n a nd d no w s n n n fa c ons rui ecay, t ith ta di g the alleged be e ti of Ea s o s o o s a nd rl Odda h rt a time previ u ly ; Gerald, the abb ot of C ra nb ourn (of w ho s e monas tery it had beco me a n

Rollo Gysla

Willia m Longspe e

Emm a K E e e d . th lr Ma uge rus

l Rob e rt Elle n Edwa rd Ha rold Ha mo De nta tus th e Confe ss or i Will a m De Ha m on the Co nque ror Rob e rt Fitz-Ha m on

’ ’ Willia m th e Ba s ta rd is sa id to ha ve b e e n born to Ele na a ’ s s e of Edw a d th e onfe ss o a nd of Ha o d s w fe e fo e m a a e i t r r C r r l i , b r rri g ; a nd to h a e e e n a f e wa rds e m a e d m a a e n e n the v b t r l giti t by rri g , i h riti g ‘ f his m De r di tis crown o f Engla nd in right o othe r. p ee c re ge Ethe lre d e t Emma e na s e us Edwa rdus confe ss o e t re x n ae ui a u r gi t r A gli , q h b it d ua s s o ro re s ua rum una m Ha roldus duxit in u o e m noi e e t e r q x r , p a lte ra m so rore m Ble na m nomine Rob e rtus s éd us d ux Norma nniee ge nuit illmﬁ a s a d e a m a im o n um ui Willih us o s e a e i mus fu W b t r xtr tr i , q p t l g ti it P dic u il pe r s e que ns m a trim onium . rae t s W lmus ba sta rd pos te a e x pa rte ’ Con ue stor e t re x An ae ma tris s uae fuit q gli . E REBUILDING OF TH ABBEY . 2 7 insigniﬁcant dependa nt) c onceived the pla n o f reviving it in greater Splendour a nd importance tha n it had ever po s f He fo w n to s T w s s es s ed be o re . there re e t re ide at e ke bury, s a of on s a nd n ta king w ith him ever l the m k , had bee carry in o ut hi s ns fo r s w n the a a o f g pla three year , he pl ce bec me much more importa nce s till thro ugh i ts connectio n w ith s o 1 n -Ha o n It i s s o s great a territoria l mag a te a s Fitz m . al aid tha t Fitz-Ha mon hims elf w a s anxio us to ma ke s ome kind o f restitutio n fo r the destructio n o f the church a nd city o f

B w H n I . ha d n a s n s n for ayeux , hich e ry bur ed a pu i hme t -Ha o n If w im i s o nm e nt o f . s so o w the m Fitz m thi ere , h ever, t us t a n a n a f t o a s B u w a s i m h ve bee ter h ught , aye x de s o in 1 1 05 w n T w s M o n s tr yed the year , he e ke bury a tery, n t it n f r o o s o s . th ugh church , had bee built three year In w hatever w a y the re -e diﬁca tion o f the church and o n s h a d n s e s w a s un n in m a tery bee ugg ted , it dertake a no b s w o o f - ui s N0 w o o f a n le pirit rthy church b lder . rk

a d a i s to fo n in s n b u t e rlier te be u d the pre e t church , tha t o f Fitz-Hamon s till fo rms the s ubs tantial pa rt o f the

a s fo on o f bric . We mu t there re c clude that the lder build n s w n a w a nd ne w o ne a s f o i g ere e tirely cle red a ay, a r i ed r m 2 f n o ns nd o . o s a s s o w the u dati Gl uce ter, perhap Per h re , ere

1 o Ge a d wa s the s on of a No m a n e nt e m a n of B e nne th e Abb t r l r g l ri , o na om e of the a e s a nd the own from w c Sir Gu d e B e n rigi l h Cl r , t hi h y ri o o hi The wr e of the Re e a t k s title . it r gist r s ys tha t a s a young ma n Ge a d S ow e d e a n e e c ua ow e b ut h a e a n n the u o f r l h gr t i t ll t l p r, t t l r i g tr th ’ ’ o ur Lo d s wo ds No one is w ho u onou e ce in his o wn coun r r , it t h r x pt try, he ca m e o e to En a nd in th e t m e of a m Rufus a nd a a ch n v r gl i Willi , tt i g m s e f to Hu h Lu us th e e a of e s e e ca m e his ch a a n hi l g p , rl Ch t r, b pl i . f e wa ds he wa s c a a n to Wa lch e lm sho of nc e s e a nd A t r r h pl i , bi p Wi h t r, he n e ca m e a m on o f nc e s e a u i n t b k Wi h t r. Willi m R ﬂ s a ppoi te d him Abbo t o f Cra nb ourn o n the s trong re comm e nda tion of Archbishop La n f a n a nd smund s o c . O o f a s u r St , bi h p S li b ry . 2 Th e No ma n M ns e o f G ouce s e wa s e un in the e a 1 0 8 9 r i t r l t r b g y r , a nd d e d ca e d in th e e a 1 1 00 Pe e wa s a y e d a t the i t y r . rshor prob bl e r cte s a m e me o Thurls ta n who h a d e e n a m o n und e e o th e ti by Abb t , b k r S rl , e a a o of G ouce s e in w os e me the e s e n c u c wa s u t gr t bb t l t r, h ti pr t h r h b il . 0 2 E 2 8 BEBUILDING or THE ABB Y . already offering exa mple s o f what c hurches w ere to beco me under the h a nds o f No rma n a rchite cts a nd the three s s s o s a in a n a s s tructure are imil r pl , that perh p the ame h n His na h a s not o ow n arc itect des ig ed them all . me c me d to s s n s w e o o on his no w o s w a n ub eque t age , but l k ble rk ith a lmo s t reverent res pect for the unkno w n m a n w ho brought n o s n them i t exi te ce . ’ The a n o f -Ha on s w a s o f o s s pl Fitz m church that a cr , w e nd The on ith three a ps ida l termina tions at the ea s t . l g of o s s w a s s n na w its a s s a nd limb the cr the pre e t ve , ith i le w es tern turrets the transvers e limb w a s fo rm ed b y the c n a ow a nd tw o a ns s of w ha d a n e tr l t er the tr ept , each hich s o n s n s Th e s o o f o s s w a s ap e the ea ter ide . h rter limb the cr fo m s n o a nd a n s s o n n r ed by the exi ti g ch ir ai le urr u di g it, w c fo o w s a a s fo a s ns s hi h ll ed the me p idal rm the tra ept , but o n a The fo is s to a much larger s c le . cruci rm church aid have been ﬁrs t intro duced into England by Edw a rd the onf s s o w n b e s s A o C e r, he erected We tmin ter bbey, ab ut the ’ yea r 1050 ; the C onfes s o r s church having also a n aps idal o s Th e s s o f s o f s o r ch ir w ith aisle . ba e the pillar thi ch i n n s o a nd one o f s n have bee rece tly di c vered, them may be ee o n n a n on a - oo on no t w s of r by pe i g ir tr p d r the r h e t the alta . T s w a s fo to o in w D a w a s hi the rm , , hich urham C thedral o n B s o Ca rile h the e nd o f s a rigi ally built by i h p p , at the me n ou s s in s w fo ce tury, th gh the ap e that ca e ere rmed by the na on o f a nd its s s But T w s i s termi ti the cho ir ai le . e ke bury the o nly la rge church in w hich the triple aps e i s s till clea rly a s s n ons on a nd n n n m rked , ub eque t rec tructi e largeme t havi g a f o - n o Th generally subs tituted s qu re o r r und e ded ch irs . e o is n s n a s o w n si o n f rm extremely i tere ti g, sh i g a milar gr u d a n to s fo r a s o in Ea s a nd pl that u ed e rly churche , b th the t in E o a nd w e m a s se e in a si a o a nd ur pe y till the p d l ch ir, in th e one n n a ns a s o f w s bb remai i g tr ept p e Te ke bury A ey, a link o f a s so cia tio n b etw een the s tr uc tures o f No rman date a nd th o s e w hich w ere built in the prosperous da ys of the om a E B n mpire . ‘ REBUIL DING o r THE ABBEY . 2 9

The year in w hic h Abbo t Gera ld a nd Fitz-Ha m o n bega n ‘ to build -W ith a m onk na med Alfred for the ma ster o f the w o s —i s nc a n s o m o s s n m a d rk u ert i , but uch pr gre had bee e 1 d n s a 1 102 a o n s e u s a . by , th t the m a t ry b il i g bec me u e ble A o n m o f o C ra nb o urn a nd o bb t Gerald the re ved r m , br ught ﬁft -s n n a w o l o f th e on s w him to y eve , e rly the h e , m k ith Tew k esbury ; C ra nb o urn Abbey being henc efo rth reduc e d to a n o f a o a nd f a s c o f th e no w A the r k pri ry, le t a ell bbey of Tew kesbury w ith a pri o r a nd tw o monk s to keep up the f its fo n o 1 1 2 o s n o . 0 pi u remembra ce u der Fr m the year , t fo m a a on s fo n on r e re here re , y be d ted the m a tic u dati p ‘ ’ And i s no t e a s a s n s n c . s s e ted by the pre e t hurch it y, y ‘ m o f M s to a h o w c Ro e n Willia alme bury , rel te mu h bert riched by his fa vo ur the mo nas tery o f Tew kesb ury w here the s plendo ur o f the ediﬁce a nd the ho s pitality o f the mo nks a ttract the eye s a nd captivate the minds o f the ’ visito rs . N -H o n no r a o o w to either Fitz am the bb t lived , h ever ,

o n s f Th a s e e the co mpleti o f the church it el . e great e rl w a s w o n in nc a t s o f a l s u ded the head by a la e the iege F ai e , a nd a f n n fo r s o on s in a s o f s u o ter li geri g me m th tate t p r , d n Ma 1 5 1 10 His o w a s o o 7. to ied rch , b dy br ught over

En n a nd a s w a s no t in on o n fo r gla d, the church yet a c diti it to be laid in the usual ho no ura ble po s ition a s signe d to fo n s in f o n o f a w a s o a in u der , r t the ltar , it temp r rily buried c a o s w c s o o on s n s o f the h pter h u e, hi h t d the ea ter ide the 2 o s s . o nc w a s o n a nd cl i ter Fr m the e it rem ved , a hu dred

‘ ’ M II . Hic m um in no um mona s e um n e ss s umus C pri v t ri i gr i . Anna le s de l e olce s be r za . 2 - A cur ious s tory i s to ld of Rob e rt Fitz Ha mon in conne ction with ‘ the d e a of a m Rufus It is e e d a a e e fo h th Willi . r port th t littl b re t e d e a of K n a m Rufus a fo e n m on a e nd n the cou u on th i g Willi , r ig k tt i g rt p s om e busine ss conce rning his mona ste ry ma de re la tion to this Rob e rt F -Ha m on e n a ow e fu m a n w th e kin of a m a e ous a nd itz , th p r l ith gn rv ll e e d e a m he ha d the e ce d n n h viz ha h e sa w th e n t . t t rribl r pr i g ig , , t ki g c ome n o a ce a n c u ch a nd wi h a o ud a nd nso e n e ha o u i t rt i h r , t pr i l t b vi r de s se those tha we e he n e s e n L e w se ha h e oo the pi t r t pr t . ik i t t t k BE 3 0 REBUI L DI NG o r THE AB Y .

-fo e a s a f w a s to w n two thirty ur y r ter rd , a place bet ee the f h a t m iddle pilla rs o n the no rth s ide o t e l ar. n In th e Ch ro nic le o f Te w ke s b ury th ere a re the s tandi g ’ ﬁli us Ha m o nis e t vxo r s ﬁg ure s o f Ro b e r tu s y Sibilla eiu , w n a fo u w o n h o lding be t ee them cruci rm ch rch , ith a r u d

o w The s u o a o f -H o n s em b a tt le d c e ntr a l t er . rc t Fitz am bear

o a lion ra mpa nt guardant on a g ld ﬁeld. l Abb o t Gera ld s eems to ha ve fa llen into tro uble w ith

I f e o f -H o n For n n . n H . e ry , a ter the d ath Fitz am havi g bee o na a on of n s e nna s of rigi lly m k Wi che t r , the a l that church s a y tha t he le ft hi s a bbey a nd ret urned thi ther in the ‘ a 1 1 09 c s n n n on no r ye r , be au e he had either the i cli ati ’ ’ h a to s a a n a w h f s Th e t e bility ti te the ki g s av rice it gi t . Anna ls of Tew ke s bury reco rd tha t he died in 11 1 0 (a fe w

n o Ans m a nd w a uc Ro t o s e f . s s m th b re St el ) , ceeded by ber , a a n o f -Ha o n b ut d o no t s a w a ch pl i Fitz m , they t te hether o r n t w a s in e ha d o he buried the abb y he ruled . The g o o d C o unte s s Sybil i s s a id by the old chronicler to su s a n a nd to o w s f have rvived her hu b d, have l ered her el by a n lo w f o w to w o sh e o s o ns a nd m rryi g a ell , h m b re da ughters ; but hi s s ta tement is mixed up w ith a s tu pid a nd uns a v o ury traditio n ab o ut her la ck o f s ons by Fitz Ha o n w h ow s s o n Of fo d a s m , hich t r di credit it . the ur ughter sh e a to -H o n Ma s w a s s t n to g ve Fitz am , bel the elde t de i ed

c uc in his e e na w e d the a ms of it a nd a m os u e d off the r ifix t th, g r , l t p ll l e gs ; a nd tha t a t l e ngth th e crucifix ga ve him such a kick with th e h fo o ha he fe dow n in a s ow nd u on the flo o a nd e e ssue d rig t t t t ll p r, th r i so m uch fla m e o ut of his mo u a the smoa he e of e a c oud th, th t k t r , lik l , a s ce nde d u to the s a s p t r . ‘ M o e o e ha whe n he e o e d w a th e m o n ha d o d him the r v r t t r p rt h t k t l , n a u he d e a a nd sa d T s is a mon a nd h e b a th for uc e ki g l g h rtily i , hi k , l r dre a m e d m onkis hly give him fiv e po unds tha t it m a y b e s e e n he ’ re a m e d not in n — o a e i 6 d a D u da le a r n . 4 s B 0 . v i . g g , 1 His a rms a re give n o n a nothe r pa ge a s qua rte ring the Te wke sbury c oss a nd m a n the o n o f und e a nd it i s s a d in the e x a r , i p li g li Ar l ; i t t th t his w fe w a s d a u h e o f the e a of A und e a nd s s e of i Sybil g t r rl r l , i t r e B le sm e f Shr ws u Ro e e a o e . b rt , rl b ry ’ Fro m Si r C a r e s Isha m s C o o f Te w e s b ur Re s e r h l py k y gi t .

2 EB ILBIN r THE BB Y 3 B U G o A E .

n And s w a s marriage w a s do e . thi the ﬁrs t Erle o f ’ u Glo ces ter . This Ea rl Robert w a s a ls o one of the grea t church-builders ’ o f a n f nd f J s s o e o o . B s o the g , bei g the u er St ame Pri ry at ri t l , w a a n a nt o f T w s a nd o f M a a n hich he m de depe d e ke bury, rg ’ o in a m o ns And a his fa -in- Pri ry Gl rga hire . th t ther la w s goo d w o rk a t Tew ke sbury did no t sla cken in his ha nd s a nd tho s e o f La dy M a bel is sho w n by the s ta tement m ad e in c on c e s a n a h e b uild e d a the hr i le pr erved by Lel d, th t the gre t ’ ' s u a s o n un o n t i ll n . e . o w a t Br s to a d q re t e d ge , the keep t er, , th e s o n s o f c a m o ut o f n in No a nd a nd t e there e Cae rm y, ’ 1 w s s on s o f o w f T u lik e i e the t e the t er o ew kesbury Ch rch . His frie nd Willia m of Malmesbury s eems to have w ritten o nly the truth when a t the e nd o f the Histo ry o f ’ ‘ n s o f En a n s a to a Yo r uni the Ki g gl d , he id the e rl , u m ﬁ ce nce a nd disrega rd o f mo ney is amply sho w n by the on s o f T w s f o w a s I a o u no t m a tery e ke bury, r m hich , he r, y o n d o no t o s n s n u n its o n a ly ext rt pre e t , but eve ret r v lu t ry o ff n s Yo u s w a w h o w no l s u c ro eri g . mu t be ell are b e h a p

' c e e din is o s a a t th e re s e nt m h o w u g , m re e peci lly p ti e m ch o n s to o o on m e n h o w o u o f it red u d y ur gl ry am g , pr d ctive ’ fa f d A on his o o o d s the vo ur o Go . m g ther g d eed the chroni cle reco rds the kindlines s a nd h o spita lity whic h he sh ow ed to w a rds the m ona stery by ha ving the a bb o t a nd w n to n w t n a t elve mo ks di e i h him every Su d y . The to w n o f Tew ke sbury had no w beco me th e re sid e nc e o f its o s a s w a s for n n a o ns a f l rd , it ma y ge er ti ter w d s E r -Ha on o r Ea Ro ar . ithe Fitz m rl bert erected there ’ o n o f o c s s a a n c n o u s w hat Fl re ce W r e ter call m g iﬁ e t h e , a nd there do ubtles s the earl a nd his w ife w e re a ble to w a t c h the gra dual ris e o f the glo rio us chu rch w hic h they w er e n a s a a f w wa s n na buildi g, pill r ter pillar gre up rd , u til the ve

a s o in w its o o f o f o a k a n a o f w c vered ith r , p i ted like th t o o th e o w o ne o f s on in s m a s s Peterb r ugh , ch ir ith t e i ple m ive groining ; until the c entra l to w er w ith i ts interlaced

’ ’ H a e s e d L a nd s Itin. vi . 8 5 e n . e l , r D A THE BBEY 3 3 DE IC TION or A .

s w a s s o n o w n s o f w o o arcade urm u ted by a t eri g pire d,

o e w m a to a w o s a o a ll c ver d ith lead , si il r th t hich r e b ve ’ d a o ther s pires in the w o rld befo re o r s ince at o l St . P ul s Ca thedra l a nd until the interio r o f the b uilding w a s duly

e fo r o na s a nd a o us e s o f ﬁtt d m tic p r chial , that the ervice Go d might be o ffered there d a y by day w ith s uch s urro und n s o fd n s n o a nd a s n for i g ig ity , ple d ur , beauty , are beﬁtti g acts o f ad o ra tio n in w hic h churche s belo w emula te in their hu mble w a y the Apo calyptic s plendo ur o f the church f f it o s which s ees a c e to fac e the Object o s w r hip . Such pro gres s of their no ble w o rk the Ea rl a nd C o untes s o f Glo uces te r w atched fro m yea r to year ; for altho ugh T w e s a a w a s n n n s their e k bury p l ce bur ed by Ki g Stephe , thi w a s no t un 1 140 s n n a s a f c o on of til , eve tee ye r ter the mpleti w a ne w o ne c o s f o its a s s the abbey ; hile qui kly ar e r m he , s n in o f o o s f perhap eve the time the g d earl him el .

THE D EDI TI N r THE ABBE CA O o Y .

For by the yea r 11 23 the abbey w a s ready for cons e cra n It a n n a d b u o . w s to t ti had t ke t e ty ye r buil ,

T e dr e a m e d not of a e s a e om e h y p ri h bl h , Who thus co uld build

a nd w n 750 a s f e w a s the o n he , ye r a t r rd , m der architect attes ts that the fa bric which they erected i s in s uc h s o und o n o n a s to n no ns w e m a w l a c c diti eed expe ive repair , y e l know ledge tha t time a nd pains ta king bear go o d fruit in 1 d n a s w l a s in Th a i buil i g el o ther matters . e m rvel s tha t

l The cos t o f a gre a t church such a s tha t of Te wke s bury m a y b e us a e d a of Ha e s not fa r dis a n M a e P . w a is the ill tr t by th t l , t t tth r , h s o a n s a s a he a s e d R c a d e a of o nwa how m uc he i t ri , y th t k i h r , rl C r ll , h ’ x e nde d on the e f Ha s ‘ ha d e o e . I a e a d o ut h e e e d p Abb y l h v l i , r pli , te n thousa nd m a rks in the e re cti on of th e church o nly ; a nd would to God wha t I ha ve s p e nt o n my ca s tle a t Wa llingford h a d b e e n sp e nt a s ’ a n a s se Th u n W e ll d wi ly . e s m a me d w ould s ca rce ly b e e qua ll e d by of mod e n mone r y. E 3 4 DEDICATION OF TH ABBEY . s o many of ou r nati onal ecc lesias tical buildings w hich w ere o f equally durable c haracter ha ve been s uffered by the na tion to be utterly des tro yed s imply for priva te a nd s m os t s elﬁsh interes t . l o f s s on h a s a n h in Little uch de tructi t ke place, appily, ’ a s f -H o n s c h o his on n the c e o Fitz am hurch , t ugh c ve tual ll n nc s As w e n buildings have a lo g s i e di appeared . e ter f o w s n o o o r f o no o w e o o r m the e ter d r, r m the rth p rch , l k a long the s a me arca de o f noble co lumns tha t met the eyes o f the cro wds who w itnes s ed the cons ecra tio n o f the church m o re than tw enty-tw o generations a go ; a s w e go fo rw a rd in the pathw a y w hich the pro ces sion tro d on that day w e o o to s n n ow ou s a f l k up the ame la ter t er, th gh the pire ter s a n n for fo n s h a s on s n s to t di g ur ce turie , l g i ce uccumbed time : w hile in front o f u s a s w e s tand there are the sa n s n a s o f o a nd s s o me e clo i g pill r the ch ir, the very ame p t up on which the altar s to o d i s embraced w ithin their co s s mpa . The d a Of ons o n a s r o in th e Anna s y the c ecrati , ec rded l ’ of T w s w a s No 20 1 128 The on e ke bury , vember , . ly

‘ s o n is th e s o O f io s The ulf bi h p amed there bi h p the d ce e , , s o o f o s a nd w a s o s if not his bi h p W rce ter, it alm t, quite , 2 a s s o a fo r fe w o n s fte w a s l t epi c p l act, he died a m th a r rd The nn s s o w The ulf w a s a s s s fo a al tate, h ever, that i ted by ur

Th e write r kne w a n old s e xton who ha d a ctua lly blown up m a ny

‘ a s Of th e o ous P o hu c of T ne mou w h or w ou p rt gl ri ri ry C r h y th, it ith t a u ho i a th e s one s m b e s o d ca oa ds for u d n s hi t r ty, th t t ight l by rtl b il i g p ’ - o wne rs hous e s ; th e ship owne rs b e ing thos e who ha d b e co m e rich by s e lling worthl e s s old s hips for tra nsp orts— coffins th e s oldie rs ~ca ll e d h e m - a t e no m ous ce s w e n th e coun w a s n s a t r pri h try i it gre te s t ne e d . Se lfishne ss a nd plunde r ha ve ma rke d a ll Purita n d e a lings with th e chu c a e m e n e n c n e m se e s a nd found n fa m e s w r h priv t ri hi g th lv , i g ili , ith co o a e a nd e e fo e u c o e rp r t , th r r p bli , pr p rty . 2 ’ - In P o fe ss o u s Re is tra m Sa m um An lica nwm th e d e a of r r St bb g g , th Th u is d a e e lf d Oct. 2 0 1 1 2 3 b ut the nna s of Te w e r t , , A l k sbury a e like ly to b e co e c a s to the da e of its cons e c a on a nd e a s o a c rr t t r ti , th y l pl e ’ The ulf s d e a h in 1 12 4 t . D TI N or THE BBEY EDICA O A . 35 o s o s a nd n s o f o f s a r e no w n ther bi h p , the ame three the e k ’ f o o s o s to n U n Of Lla nd a fi R c r m ther urce have bee rba , i hard f H fo a nd r o o f D n o . ere rd, G eg ry ubli — On that ea rly d a y in w inter then it i s the 750th anni — ve rs a ry o f it o n w hich the s e lines a re w ritten the grand a nd b e a utiq y significa nt ceremo nies of dedica tion o r c o n

‘ s on w fo All T w s w r ecrati ere per rmed . e ke bury, hat the e w a s of n o ss n o ut fo r f s it the , had d ubtle tur ed the e tive o c s on a nd a s on O f a n w a s a n ca i , the dedicati abbey e o a S w o s o a n xtremely p pul r pectacle, there uld al be m y s -s s f o o s H fo o s M a n ight eer r m Gl uce ter, ere rd , W rce ter, lver , n c o a s n f o B s o w a o f Wi ch mbe , perh p eve r m ri t l , here the e rl Glo uces ter had made him s elf belo ved by the gentlenes s of his a a s o ff n f o of o s a o n s ch r cter, di ere t r m that m t br v k ight in o a nd One o o w h a that r ugh cruel age . may h pe , h ever, t t a s Tew kesbury i s s omew hat s ecluded the cro w d w a s no t s o o w m n a s on no r s o s on w n ver hel i g a the imilar cca i , he the king a nd his a ttendants thems elve s had to as s is t in dri v

‘ ing them back w ith s w ords a nd s tave s to make w a y fo r the Of c n ﬁ iati g clergy .

All w a s s w ou one s o ere embled ith t the church , litary d n n n h eaco s ta di g w ithin a tt e c lo s ed do or Of the grand po rch . T n a o s s on w a s fo in C o s s he a gre t pr ce i rmed the l i ter , a s a w a on fo r o s s - its a o o s s t l rt m k cr bearer at he d , g dly e quire a r n a nn s o f fo n s s n n o s in s ur be i g the b er the u der , i gi g b y lice s a nd s n n m e n in s s o s o n s p , i gi g urplice and c pe , lay m k fro m m a ny a neighbo uring religio u s ho us e i n their s everal s o s Of T w s u fo o w n a s a nd a s O f degree , th e e ke b ry ll i g l t, l t n a a o w h o s o s them the ve er ble bb t, , like the bi h p , urvived d a a fe o n s T n o s a the y but w m th . he d ubtle s came the e rl a nd his c o n e s s t n a n s i a nd a nd u t a te ded by m y a qu re lady, w a s tw o o a u s o f Ha m o n ith them perh p ther d ghter Fitz ,

a s s o f a f s a nd A a ss of o n Cicely, bbe Sh te bury, vice , bbe Wilt , each w ith s uch a retinu e o f nuns i n w hite w imples a s w a s

n fo r n e c cle sia s ti s s e a s t o f a ll c a m ﬁtti g dig iﬁed ce s . L e the o na s o f a nd os of a c n o s s m tic clergy the abbey, th e adj e t h u e , BBE 3 6 DEDICATION OF THE A Y.

a nons a ons a nd ns a h the s ecul r ca , the rchdeac the dea , the

n n s o s w a a ns a nd a n Old te da t bi h p ith their ch pl i , the h lti g fa B s o Th e ulf o n w o f o f d a ther, i h p , h m the chie duty the y d res te . Three time s the pro c es sio n w o und its slo w w a y a ro und the o uter w a lls Of the church singing s uc h p s a lms a s Let Go d aris e a nd le t His enemies be s cattered all the bis ho ps n n n u n n a s th e y w e t spri kli g the bles s ed w ater po the buildi g . Ea ch tim e tha t the bis ho p o f the dio ces e arrived a t the

o c a a n s n a s w no c c a t p r h g i , the trai ce ed hile he k ked thri e d o o w his s o a s ff s a n f o u a s the r ith pa t r l ta , yi g , Li t up y r he d a s a nd f s n o o s a nd O ye g te , be ye li t up ye everla ti g d r , let the King Of Glo ry co me in the res po ns e being heard a fa n o f o a onw n W h o is n like i t ech r m the de c ithi , the Ki g o f o At no o n d a a Gl ry the third k ck the thir rriv l there, ‘ o o s fl w O n a s s o a the wo E n the d r e pe the bi h p g ve rd , ve ’ o o f Ho s s He i s n o f o a nd n the L rd t , the Ki g Gl ry, he the a o s s o n a s o fo w c n n he ded the pr ce i it m ved r ard , ha ti g, c un o s o s a nd to a ll a s a d w Pea e be t thi h u e, th t h ll ell ’ n B s s n n n o in o n therei . le i g be give u t them their c mi g in ’ a nd in o n o ut a nd o s a A n their g i g all the pe ple id , me . Then a s the bis hop ca me to the mids t Of the na ve he fo und a fe w s quare ya rds Of the pa vement s prea d w ith w w o o s s U on s w a l hite d a he . p the e he ro te the pha bet w c w t e nd of hi s a s o s a ff rs in G t i e i h the p t ral t , ﬁ t reek s f o th e no - a s to s o -w s a nd n in letter r m rth e t the uth e t , the

n f o s o - a s to no -w s u s a c n Lati r m the uth e t the rth e t, th pl i g them in the fo rm o f a cro s s signifying by this c eremony that a ll divine revelatio n w a s co nveyed by the letters o f the ha a nd o s o nd nd alp bet, that the g pel c mprehe ed u er the s o w o f os s m e n Of a ll n ons a nd o s a nd had the cr ati , pe ple , to n ue s f T m n w n a a s w w n g i e had bee he three lph bet ere ritte ,

H w a nd n a s on c o s s w a ebre , Greek , Lati , the title up the r s w ri tten in tho s e three tongues ; but the Hebre w w a s early s co n n o e c a s n s o s no t di ti ued , pr bably b u e eve bi h p might w s to n h A B in t al ay be able ma age t eir lpha eta that charac er . HE DEDICATION OF T ABBEY . 3 7

T n fo l o w n a s a nd ta n sun in he l ed ma y pr yer , the Li y g pro ces s io n aro und the aisles o f the na ve a nd ch o ir a nd at a s s o w n to a a S n n w l t the bi h p e t up the lt r, pri kli g it ith

o w a to s n f its ns n fo r o w o n h ly ter ig i y clea i g h ly rk , layi g w ithin a cavity of it s ome cheris hed relic s O f ma rtyrs they lived nearer to the time o f Englis h martyrs then than w d o no w — in o n o f o n on w sa n s a nd e t ke C mmu i ith the i t , three fragments o f the cons ecra ted brea d o f the Bles s ed

a c n in o n Of o m n o n w n o f s a n s S rame t t ke C m u i ith the Ki g i t . Then w a s la id upon the a lta r th e cha rter o f Fitz-Ha mon a nd of Ea o f o s s a w r s e a s the rl Gl uce ter, e led ith thei l hanging do wn at the fo ot o f the pa rchment ; thes e deeds d ecla ring that the church a nd the mo na s tery w ere alto ge ther a n f o m s s a nd s a nd c a lie ated r them elve their heir , dedi ted for to o d Ha h a s no t o w n ever G . ppily the time yet c me he that dedica tio n o f property h a s been fru s tra ted a s regard s the church its elf ; a nd Engla nd w o uld be mo re bles s ed if o a c s s a s Winch e lc o m b e a nd T n rn ther gre t hurche , uch i te , ’ had been treated w ith a like rega rd fo r their founders n ons inte ti . Th e ceremo nies of the day w o uld nece s s arily extend to

ons a n n s a m s n s u o c ider ble le gth , ma y p l bei g ng by the ch ir, a nd a n s s s o It n no t m y prayer aid by the bi h p . eed b e s aid

No m a nno s s o n o n a nd o that the r ble p ke Fre ch ly, the c mmo n people o nly a n Englis h w hich the lea rned o f the nineteenth century ca nno t understand w ithout difﬁcult s tudy but the Latin Of the s ervice s w a s at tha t time a bo nding langua ge for a n o f ss s a nd a e n m y all cla e , a l rg r umber co uld fo llo w the w o rds of p salm a nd pra yer in tha t tongue than c ould v fo o w in n s o o n ha e ll ed it either the ative Wel h , the c mp u d En s or fo n n And . s n gli h , the reig Fre ch di ta t a s that d a y o f 750 s a o is f o o rs e s w e a re n t w i t year g r m u lve , u i ed ith no t only by the fello w s hip of the his to ric s tones w hich

o o s a h the w o s o f o c mp e the m terial churc , but by rd th s e

s s w c n o n s O f s n o p alm hi h have ever bee the lip Chri tia pe ple , a nd even (w hat s o me may be s urprised to learn) by the HE BBE 3 8 DEDICATION or T A Y .

f s w s It very to ne a nd w ords o the prayer that ere u ed . will not be uninteres ting to the reader to w ind up this s ketch o f the dedica tion of Tewkesbury Abbey by a trans la tion o f o ne o f the principal prayers w hich w o uld be us ed n during the ceremo y .

' z n hur h At the Cons e e m t o of the C c .

Al o a nd Go d o f h o n ss w o s O mighty L rd , all li e , h e loving-ki ndnes s i s kno wn fro m everlas ting to everlasting ; Go d wh o o s i n s in n O , beh lde t al ke the thi g that are heave

‘ a nd in a n for Th o w ho w e rth , keepi g mercy y pe ple alk before the fa ce o f Thy glory : Hear w e bes eech thee the s ons o f Th s r n s T n s O n upplicati y e va t , that hi e eye may be pe n da nd n M o s f h o w s upo this hou s e y a ight . t piti ully all thi churc h w hich is instituted w ith ho ly mys teries in ho no ur o f the Bless ed Virgin Ma ry ; shining up on i t with Thy a nd u n n w Th o . R mercy, ill mi ati g it ith y gl ry eceive a o s w e s c T one wh o s a o to gr ci u ly, be ee h hee , every h ll c me w o s in s a a nd o o w h Th fa o on r hip thi pl ce , l k it y v ur up them . And w nso a n s a a n o T a s e he ever y h ll here pr y u t hee, be ple d ’ for Thy great Na me s s ake to pro tect them with Thy mighty ha nd a nd Thy s tretched o ut arm ; to hea r them

o s a nd w T n s n s o to s graci u ly, ith hi e everla ti g ucc ur pre erve

a o c n in f a nd o n them th t they, ever rej i i g true elicity religi , may a ls o ever go o n their w a y w ith co ns tancy in the C a tho lic f o f Ho T n o s s s o ur o aith the ly ri ity, thr ugh Je u Chri t L rd . n Ame .

There is m ore unity than controversia l people think between Englis h churchmen of the nineteenth century a nd o s o f w f th e the t el th .

T ’ ’ Ma on De e a nti uzs Ecclesiae Ritzbus iii . 682 rt , g , .

40 PATRONS OF THE ABBEY .

i r n Pur earlier of thes e mem o rials w ere e ﬁi g e s s culptu ed o n- s s a s s s n o n beck m a rble co fﬁ lid , uch may till be ee the h a s w tomb o f King John in Worcester Ca t edr l . Other ere ’ ‘ s s o n n s s o f a s alta r tomb , urm u ted by recumbe t tatue al ba ter, n f - o r s a s o s gilded a nd co loured i to li e like p rtraitu e , uch th e

n no t Of s a n ar . s w hich still repo s e o the r h the ctu y Other , in fo o f fu ss s aga in, w ere the rm beauti l inlaid bra e , rich n o f w w a s o f to o n ns w ith e amel, the metal hich much i tri ic ’ valu e to es cape the S poiler s hand in generations w hich valued thes e artistic a nd his to rical monuments only a s they - The a S in valued w orn out brass kettles . blue m rble lab n i ss o f M u B s D e w hich the Sple d d bra a d de urgh , the la t ’ s w f w a s o n w a s ou to w n Clare i e, ce inlaid, br ght light he n w a s o for s o a on a nd r of the paveme t rem ved re t r ti , pa t n s o of C o s o o a other forms the thre h ld the l i ter d r . A o a nd o a nd o n s s w a a nd s o bb t pri r m k pa ed a y, eld m le ft even a name behind except in their no w lo s t Bo o k o f ’ f o o s s n Of n s ns b Li e , th ugh d ubtle ma y their ame are i cri ed in a o n n Bo o of f fo r o - o f m re e duri g k Li e , the r ll call a fu D a Bu t o s o f T w s s o f ture y . the l rd e ke bury, the earl o u s B a s D e s D e n s . Gl ce ter, the Clare , the Spe cer the e uchamp , w o n m e n w h o s o o f oun ere am g the made the hi t ry their c try, a nd there are fe w of them o f w ho m s o me pa rticulars may no t a n s n s s o n T s be gle ed re pecti g their a ciatio w ith ew ke bury . We m a y therefore take their names a s histo rical landmark s in fo llow ing up the annals of the abbey fo r nearly fo ur c e n turie s f its r fo n o -H on a ter e u dati n by Fitz am .

R BERT FITz-ROY IRST E R r E TER O , F A L o GLOUC S .

’ S ome p a rticulars o f this grea t man s hi s to ry have been ’ n I n e s n o n n t o n o f -Ha m o n s w o give d cribi g the c ti ua i Fitz rk . He w a s o n in 1090 n th e s on of H n n I . a d o f b r , bei g e ry , a

s n s s na m N s a a u o f T o w h Wel h pri ce ed e t , d ghter the ud r o h a d n s n -Ha o n His . w f w a s M a bee lai by Fitz m i e bel , da ughter of Fitz-Hamo n a nd fr o m them all the earls o f - 4 ROBERT FITZ ROY. 1

w e s n o Of f Gloucester er de ce ded , th ugh ten by the emale T s n a s Rob e rtus Consull e t line . hey are repre e ted

ilia xo r s in o n of T w s r s n Ma b v eiu the Chr icle e ke bu y, itti g

n tw o s a s of s a nd o n hr s r o e t tate , h ldi g t ee churche in thei n s The o ne w n i s no fo ha d . held bet ee them a ble cruci rm n r ow a nd nn s a nd s s to churc h w ith a ce t al t er pi acle , eem f B o f n n for o O . s s o be i te ded the Pri ry Church St Jame , ri t l, na f n E o s in w hi ch they w ere the origi l o u ders . ach h ld the fo ur wi S The o ther hand a smaller cruci rm ch ch th a pire . i s not in o o n o of his sso e arl arm ur, but the b dy ca ck are ’ on r a r ons or o n- s s hi s emblaz ed quarterly the th ee cl i rga re t , o wn a s a nd on r n r s a ttri rm , the li ampant guarda t, the a m -H n buted to Fitz amo . This first earl o f Glo ucester i s bes t known in Englis h his to ry for the part w hich he to o k in the s truggle fo r the cro w n be tw een his half-sister the Em press Maud a nd King n He a nd n w s ul n o s Stephe . King Stephe ere im ta e u ly s o n s in the n s o f s o on n s a nd pri er ha d their re pective pp e t , s o grea t w a s the earl that bo th parties cons idered him a s f n c n for n o s f f s u ficie t ex ha ge the ki g, th ugh he him el re u ed to n E n be excha ged on such terms . ve tually each w a s r s fro ono a nd s elea ed m h urable captivity, their relea e led to that better understanding betw een them thro ugh which the disastro us civil w a r w a s no t long afterw ards bro ught ‘ ’ to o s son of M H n -E s s a cl e , and the atilda, e ry Fitz mpre , no a s s f n ack wledged s the succe o r o Stephe . T s of o s on o 31 1 147 hi earl Gl uce ter died Oct ber , , at the Of fift -s n a nd his w f Ma 1151 in age y eve , i e , bel, in , the year w hi ch Richard C oeur de Lion w a s born the one thus livi ng w n -fo a nd o w n - a s f t e ty ur, the ther t e ty eight ye r , a ter the ons n f The w a s in c ecratio o the abbey . earl buried the ’ f r w f un o . s s o o Church St Jame P i ry, hich he had ded , at Bristo l ; but whether the C o untes s Mabel w a s laid there or a t T w s u is not now n The i s o f e ke b ry k . reg ter the abbey states that a tomb of green j a sper w a s s e tup o ver his gra ve a nd Leland des cribes it a s standing in the mids t of the choir D 42 PATRONS OF THE ABBEY .

’ of s s c a nd a s n s o f St . Jame Chur h , bei g a epulchre grey ’ It n ma rble s e tup on six pillars of a small height . had bee ’ o n in n s a nd n o fo n pe ed Lela d time, a parchme t rec rd u d ’ i A r on a n n s s a nd of h s a . e c t i i g the earl tyle , the date de th n n his s on i s s S o w n in cumbe t ﬁgure havi g arm up it, till h

c a s o f Ea Ro o f o s the hurch that rl bert Gl uce ter, but it o a o n s to one o f Gre nville s s n n of pr b bly bel g the , a de ce da t - 1 H on w ho di o n r a . Fitz am , ed ab ut a ce tu y l ter The s o n s on of s Ro - o n ec d thi earl, named ger Fitz C u t , a 1 Th e a w s bishop of Wo rcester fro m 1164: until 1 79 . ye r ’ a f of T o s a Be ck e t w a s ter the cruel murder St . h ma , he s n to Ro H nr II to i n e t me by e y . , declare that the k ng either ’ n a In 1 1 79 c omma ded nor desired the archbisho p s de th . he w ent w ith the Archbis ho p o f C a nterbury to . a ttend a c o n Ro a nd s T r u cil held at me , died the ame year at u in , w i here he lies bur ed . T w so o c n s s n here ere al three ther hildre , be ide the ext n H n n M o a d . earl, amely, am , Philip, atilda

- I I M Fi Tz UNT SEC ND E R or UCESTER. W LL A CO , O A L GLO

Thi s w a s s s on o f n l i the elde t the precedi g ear , but l ttle is no w n o f o fo r -six k him, th ugh he held the title thirty 2 s . Y o o s n s n a year et , alth ugh alm t everythi g re pecti g ’ e s on s n a s o a a s s out o f n p r i dividu l hi t ry may h ve p ed mi d , it is Often the ca s e that s o me one inc ident i s remembered which gives a permanent a nd indelible co lo ur o f cha ra cter ; a nd s o i s a a s r s E n n it th t rega d arl William , the i cide t whi ch stands out fro m hi s forgo tten life i s one that s ug s s o s o f a n un n so ow o s a ge t the path dyi g rr , the m t p thetic i n in n n He a s to Ha wisa th g huma experie ce . w married ,

’ Se e Ta o s Book a bout Bris tol 1 42 . yl r , p . 2 AS the re wa s a n Ea rl of Te wke sbury a t some time during the e n of H n — as e I . A D 1 10 0 1 1 i a s e w r ig ry [ . . 35] it s prob ble tha t thi titl o ne Ea a m w e his fa e wa s v n b ut d o e d w e n b r by rl Willi hil th r li i g, r pp h he e ca me Ea f c s e b rl o Glou e t r. I I M FITZ-C NT W LL A OU . 43 or A B on e r o f Ro s on o f vice de ellam t, daught bert, the ec d

‘ s o f s w ho M on fo s A s on the earl Leice ter preceded the t rt . w a s o n to ff a s a nd n Ro b r them at Cardi C tle amed bert, the o n s on h a d a nd ft hi s a a ly they ever , a er e rly de th , at the s in 11 66 f o f his n s fo n no o ame place , , the grie pare t u d utlet large eno ugh fo r it but the building o f a great church a nd on s a s his o a nd his s n T s m a tery mem rial hri e . hu they o n a n s of A on w n B a nd erected the b k the v , bet ee ath Br s o A of ns a nd for its n ow i t l , the bbey Key ham , gave e d o f a nor a nd n n ment the w ho le the m hu dred of the ame . It w a s a n n s on n n r a m g iﬁce t in tituti , e riched by ma y late endowm ents ; but the mo re magniﬁcent a church is the

o n is to c onﬁs ca tor w n his o s m re tempti g it the he time c me , a nd not a s tone remains a s a monument o f its departed

or o r a s s i o n n s o s in o ne n gl y, a te t m y that huma ul ge e ra tion ha ve sympathy w ith the so rrow o f o thers in a n genera tion go e by . Of rs o f s M s the three daughte thi earl, abel , the elde t , ’ w a s married to Almeric de Mo ntfort C o unt d Evre ux in T s on A R h No n . rma dy heir ec d daughter, mice, married ic ard a r o f H fo a nd f o s de Cl re , ea l ert rd , r m her all the later earl n T a u o f Glouces ter w ere des ce ded . heir third d ghter w a s

Is a w h o a r r n a f w s n o n abell , m r ied P i ce , ter ard Ki g J h . T s E o f o s in 1 1 83 a nd w a s hi arl Gl uce ter died , buried his on ns In r s o f bes ide s at Key ham . the egi ter the abbey ‘ there i s a repre sentation of Wilim u s C o mes Glo c e striae e t Ha w isa vxo r eius s itting at the o ppo site ends of a marble thro ne a nd ho lding betw een them a church w ith

o ofs a s ow s o n a three gable r , large quare t er urm u ted by

S o n no s a nd n r ow w a pire the rth ide, a multa gula t er ith ’ e n Th n a cupola at the w e s t d . e arms o E rl Willi a m s s o o s of Ro o f o s a nd urc at , are th e bert , earl Gl uce ter, Fitz n u Ano of a t Ha o . o m , q arterly ther ﬁgure the e rl , preﬁxed o o f his i s s o n a nd hi s s oa a c py charter, al give , urc t here

& a s s a s su o n w a n s on be r the ame rm , but rm u ted ith e cutche r n o s bea i g the Clare chevr n . 44 PATRONS or THE ABBEY .

1 8 THE MONASTERY BURNED IN 1 7 .

in1 1 78 a r o e During his time, , g eat ﬁre ccurred at the abb y, to s o s the extent o f w hic h ha s led s ome w riters upp e that ’ -Ha on f s . it a mounted to a to tal des truction o Fitz m church ’ ‘ na The Anna ls of Wo rc ester record tha t the mo s tery w a s

u n Ann s of n s a b r t, the al Wi che ter declare th t the church t s But a s o f Tewkesbury w a s burnt a nd reduced o du t . the Annals of Tewkesbury distinctly s peak of the mo nastery s o o on w e on a nd ofﬁces a s the de tr yed p rti , may c clude that

s i o s o s n a n . The ss thi , l ke ther t rie , gai ed by tr velli g ma ive w alls a nd c olumns of the old Norman abbey w ere pra cti c a fire - o of a nd wh t m a o n no lly pr , a ever the fire y have d e , ’ a rchaeo lo gica l eye ca n doubt that Fitz-Hamon s building s s a n fo u s rs o f n a nd till t ds be re , that the great pilla the ave cho ir a nd the bea utiful central to wer are all w o rk o f hi s d a o r a of his a nd no o y, th t daughter, that fire c uld reduce ’ to s a o f f rna s n s a them du t, except th t a u ce eve time he ted s u und n w its n n for n d s rro i g them ith bur i g embraces ma y ay . It m a d o w n w o o n c il n of y be ubted , hether eve the de e i g the na w a s s o d fo r s n o n i s r n of ve de tr ye , the pre e t gr ini g ce tai ly a later da te tha n w ould be o ne placed there in its s tead fo e nd of w f n r At s a be re the the t el th ce tu y . . the me time , there are unmistakea ble traces o f fire o n the s outh w all o f w c on n a di n s o o a nd the church , here the ve tu l buil gs t d it i s clear tha t this fire o ccurred befo re the C lo is ter arcade

s a n s a ns w w a s u e m a fo that t d ag i t the all b ilt . W y there re on a s a nd s o a on c clude , th t a evere de tructive ﬁre ccurred m g ona s n s n to the m tic buildi g , exter al the church , but that the church itself w a s spa red to be the glo ry of Tewkesbury in n ma y a later age .

OHN THIRD E R or UCESTER ER D IN J , A L GLO , AFT WAR S K G.

On of E s a s the death arl William , the ame co urs e w n H n II . i n s to ono f take by e ry re pect the h ur o Gloucester, N KING JOH . 45

c n n H nr I T a s a nd w hi h had bee take by e y . hree d ughter no s on n ft n n n s in his o w n bei g le , the ki g detai ed the la d

n for Six s T n his in 1 1 8 9 his s on ha s . d year he , at death , , I w Is l a nd o n R . ichard , gave them , ith abella, the third ly d a n o n f Mo n n r to a o o . u mar ie d ughter, Pri ce J h , e rl ret in a T r T s a o o a s 11 89 . hi marri ge t k pl ce the me year, he e w no c n a nd w n o n n s o on ere hildre , he J h became ki g , he s s o f -Ha on He w a s o w n divo rced the heire Fitz m . cr ed D o f No n Ro n o n A 2 5 1 199 n n uke rma dy at ue pril , , the Ki g o f En n s ns o n Ma 2 7 11 9 9 a nd a t a n gla d at We tmi ter, y , , C ter n D a M 2 5 1 2 0 In s a a O Ea s 0 . bury ter y , arch , the me ye r he r s for s o a t T w s if is a n e ided me time e k e bury, there y truth in Bra k e lond on w s a s a c n the Chr icle , hich t te th t ertai n s Of B E n s w s on to n a s k ight ury St . dmu d ere umm ed atte d w itnes s es in a suit w hich w a s being ca rried o n there befo re n w n o o f B a nd T o s d e B the ki g , bet ee the abb t ury h ma urgh , ’ o o f H B i n s a br ther ubert de urgh , at that t me the ki g ch m l b rla in But a t s nd f his o n c o o na on e . a o s thi time , be re ec d r ti in En a n o n o n o f o Is a o f gl d , J h had btai ed a div rce r m abell o c s a nd T w s w c w a s ono nc Gl u e ter e ke bury, hi h pr u ed at An oul in 1 200 E a s s o o f Bo a a nd g eme , by li , archbi h p rde ux, s o of Poic tie rs o n o n a w William , bi h p , the gr u d th t they ere w n r o f c onsa n n T related ithi the third deg ee gui ity . hey w e in f c n o s n n n s o s H I . r er , act , e d c u i ; e ry bei g the g eat a n f o f o Is a l w a s o wn w gr d a ther b th . Whether bel a cr ed ith him at Westmins ter is not on reco rd ; but it i s certain that na sa Is a a o f An o w a s r her me ke, bell g uleme, mar ied by the n m a f his o a nd a sh e w a s o wn ki g i medi tely a ter div rce , th t cr ed w a n n a s s o w ith him at C terbury . Seve ye r elap ed , h ever,

fo r f w a nr III n s e s H . w a s o be re thei ﬁr t child, a t r rd e y , b r . Jo hannes ﬁlius regis Henrici s e c undi i s repres ented a s E o f G o s in R s of T w s w n arl l uce ter the egi ter e ke bury, eari g

She is ca e d Ha wisa or A ce Bo e nde n a nd in the Anna s ll vi by v , l ’ of Bur to n. 2 Chron. o l o lin ra ke l nd Ca m S . . 1 ce o . &c 9 . J . B . d . c , p AND 46 row s or Tw ESBURY,

a nd n it a s o a w o a n ermine lined robe , u der urc t ith the r yal n o s Of Ro a o f arms o f Engla nd quarteri g th e bert , e rl

s w o ons on n a t his Gloucester, a hield ith the r yal li al e bei g s ide . n Of King John ha d the gra ce to give up the ho o ur

i d o c w f a nd di a Glouces te r to h s iv r ed i e, imme tely gave her n a no ther husband also in th e perso Of

Y DEVI E E R ESSE AND URTH E R GEOFFRE MAN LL , A L OF X, FO A L R OF GLOUCESTE .

1 He to n o w h o w a s crea ted thu s o n his ma rria ge . lived e j y the plea su re o f h e r s o ciety a nd the honours a nd la nds w hich b u him un 121 6 w n w a s sh e ha d ro ght , til , he he killed at a n n On his a Is a a n o n n in o o . to urna me t L d de th , bell ve tured

u a n in s on o f H B o f a third h sb d the per ubert de urgh , earl

e n a nd no w o usticia r o f En n . o K t, L rd J y gla d She br ught no d n to a n o f s a n s a nd s o f sh e s f chil re y her hu b d , la t all her el d a s o in 1 2 18 s o on a f s a nd w a s ied l , ter her late t marriage , n n in Ho o n buried a t a co ve t lb r .

THE INTERDICT.

For six a s of n w Is the ye r the time duri g hich abella , d o c d w f of n o n w a s on s s of Te w k e s iv r e i e Ki g J h , the patr e b u a ll c s Of co n w n s a ow ry, the hurche the u try ere u der the h d

o f nfa o s In w o Innoc n III d e the i m u terdict, by hich P pe e t . priv e d the peo ple of Engla nd— the bis hop s being stupid e no u or w c no to s to hi s o — o f a ll gh , i ked e ugh , ubmit rder e s e c T s os f o r ligi ou s rvi es . hi m t w icked act o the p pe to o k ffe c o n Ma c 24 1 208 w n T w s A w a s e t r h , , he e ke bury bbey c o s a nd s o n o f n s c c a s to a d l ed, the u d divi e ervi e e ed be he r

' In 1209 c on n . s b ut no o e w there , ve tual churche , th r , ere

to h a e o ne s a w s e s s e rv o rum permitted v ervice eek , the rvu a llo w ing his Ma s ter in hea ven to be w o rs hipped to that

He ha d ow e e to a a ma a e -fe e of ma s th , h v r, p y rri g rk to e

E E B R AND 48 LORDS OF T WK S U Y,

THE D E CLARES .

of s on E of o s TWO daughters William, the ec d arl Gl uce ter, h a v mg thus fa iled to provide a line o f succession fo r the la n s a nd o h f ll to A w h o d title , b t e the third daughter, mice, l f H rtfo rd T a R c a a a o e . s had m rried i h rd de Cl re, e rl hu the o n s o f s w t its r ons g lde hield the Clare , i h three red chev , w a s rs s n on o s o f T w s r ﬁ t ee am g the l rd e ke bu y, Gilbert, the i s on o f A c omi n in a s n Su ss o of mice, g the li eal cce r Fitz H on a nd n n o o f o s w am , u iti g the earld m Gl uce ter ith the fo in his n n Bu m o o f H o w so . t a o earld m ert rd, per the e rld of o s o s s n f s a nd Gl uce ter m tly de ce ded by the emale ide , the name o f Cla re w a s excha nged for that of D e spe nce r in o f n ab ut three quarters o a ce tury .

1 She a nd h e r us a nd we e a nce s o s of Ro e B uce who wa s us h b r t r b rt r , th d e sce nde d f om He n I r ry .

Rich a rd d e Cla re Amice 1 2 1 1

Amice Ba ldwin d e Re dve rs Ea rl of De von Rob e rt Bruce = Isa b e l Lord of A nna nda le Rob e rt Bruce Ma rga re t Lo d of n r An a nda l e lCounte s s o f Ca rrick

Rob e rt Bruce Elle n de Burgh K n of co a nd 1 306 -1 32 6 i g S tl ,

K n Ro e m se f wa s ma e d to a s s e of Ma ud de Bur h th i g b rt hi l rri i t r g , e w fe of the a s a e of Te w e s u a nd G ou s e i l t Cl r k b ry l ce t r. S S & s a g T i w i l

o <

. m xi C5 0

’ ABBOT C HELT EN HAM S T O M B

W Fra m e n s o f S cu ure fo und und e r th e A a ith g t lpt lt r.

T PATRONS OF HE ABBEY . 49

I BERT DE RE SI TH E R UCESTER AND G L CLA , X A L OF GLO

FIFTH EARL OF HERTFORD .

The ﬁrs t Tewkesbury de Clare l w a s the s on o f that Richa rd de Cla re w ho s e name appears at the head o f the n s to Ma na a a nd who h a s n s ig ature g Chart , bee already

n o n a s th e s a n o f A o f me ti ed hu b d mice, daughter William - n Ea f He E o n s o o o s . Fitz C u t, ec d rl Gl uce ter became arl o f Hertfo rd o n the death o f his fa ther in 12 11 a nd tw o f a s o n o 9 1 2 14 D n s d a h s a w . S e year ter rd , Oct ber , , St e i y, Is a o f ll E o f married bel , daughter Wi iam , the great arl o M s a of En n s a n o ne Pembr ke, ar h l gla d ; thi marri ge bei g o f the ﬁrs t w hic h w a s perfo rmed with full religio us c ere

f In The o n f H r fo moni es a ter the terdict . y u g Earl o e t rd had been o ne o f the mo s t active of the barons in o ppo sing

o n a nd his na a s not far o w o f hi King J h , me ppear bel that s fa o n a o of w w a s o n ther the Gre t Charter, a c py hich ce o s in T w s A a s his n n dep ited e ke bury bbey, perh p by i ﬂue ce . On o f o n a t N w o n o 19 12 16 the death J h e ark Oct ber , , he w a s a ns o n n H n III w ho equally active ag i t the y u g ki g, e ry . , w a s o w n d w n a fe w a s f w s o s cr e ithi d y a ter ard at Gl uce ter, ’ under the guardianship o f the Earl o f He rtford s fa ther-in la w E o f o w ho w a s S or f w s a , the arl Pembr ke , h tly a ter ard p n o f a A n poi ted Pro tecto r the re lm . s ma y o ther o f the ba ro ns did w h o o t di for o s f o o s e , have g the cre t patri ti m r m p t rity, the Earl o f Hertfo rd fought in th e army w hic h they h a d invited II of n to s n o t . o En n nd his s o n Philip Fra ce e d ver gla d u er , III a nd w o afterwards Lo uis V . ith thers o f thes e p a trio tic

It i s o se a e ow e e ha a s e a a s 1 153 h n b rv bl , h v r, t t rly t e A na ls give s e c a no ce to the na me e co d n ha G e e a of a e d e d in p i l ti , r r i g t t ilb rt, rl Cl r , i ha e a t t y r. ‘ In the Re s e Richa rdus d e a e mus ome s He rte fordi gi t r, Cl r , pri C ae e t ’ Glove rniae i s e e se n e d w h a su coa e a n the a m s of He f , r pr t it r t b ri g r rt ord m a n ose of F z -Ha mon w e his s de i s a sh d i p li g th it , hil by i i e l with the a m f n a e ua e But he r s o He rtford a d Cl r q rt rly . t title is undoubte dly a m s a e R c a d d e a e d n a nd e n u e d a t a e in 2 1 i t k , i h r Cl r yi g b i g b ri Cl r 1 1 wh e Ge off e a d e wa s Ea of G ouce s e il r y M n e vill rl l t r. 50 GILBERT DE CLARE THE FIRST.

o f M n fa o n English earls ag a Charta me , he c mma ded French tro o ps w hen they encountered the English a rmy n his fa -in-la w re w w a s n u der ther , at the g at battle hich ick ’ f nco n T w a s n son a o . named the F ir Li l here he take pri er, a nd being c a rried to Glo uces ter in the train Of the victo rio us o o s o on on o n r n n to his Pr tect r, he received pard etur i g a n allegi ce . Gilbert de Cla re s ucc eeded to the lo rdship of Tew kesbury a nd the ea rld om of Glo ucester in the yea r 1 22 1 o n the o f A D f Ea a nd s death lmeric evereux, the ﬁ th rl ; thu he n tw o f H fo u ited the great earldoms o ert rd and Glouces ter .

The a s o f his s to a n n f for Cl re day eem have led u quiet li e , w a s in on a n in 12 2 7 wi R o f he rebelli gai , th ichard, earl ’ o nw a n s o a nd his own o R C r ll , the ki g br ther ; br ther, ichard a e w a s on on m ob in fo o w n de Cl r , murdered by a L d the ll i g Bu i a . t h s a s fe w o n s w S n out o f En a n ye r l t m th ere pe t gl d, a nd a t n o s in B n o n o 2 5 1 2 30 he died Pe r e ritta y, Oct ber , , o r a s c o n o s in n of a n s s n the hr icler rec rd , the ight S i t Cri pi a nd s n a n a n a s nna s s o o s Cri pi i ; le vi g, the a li t al rec rd , the no of M a nd s r o s s to ma r ythe a rich ilve gilt cr the abbey . He a ls o left special directions that hi s b o dy w a s to be in w no a i o s s buried the abbey, here Cl re had prev u ly re ted , no r a n lo of T w s S n -H on o u y rd e ke bury i ce Fitz am , alth gh

hi s s c s s o s w a n fo r 250 s un all u ce r ere l id ear him year , til the o d s o f T w s w a s s n l r hip e ke bury ab o rbed i to the cro w n. The Annals s a y that on the Sa turday fo llo w ing his dea th h t e body of the earl w a s landed at Plymo uth a nd tha t a s w a s ca o s of D ons o it rried thr ugh the mid t ev hire , S mer s e tshire a nd D o s s to Cra nb ourn a s w , r et hire , , large lm ere s u to oo a nd s n di trib ted the p r, ilk vestments give to the c s to n to a for his s o On a hurche , i cite all pr y ul . Saturd y,

No 9 o n f n da s f his a f n a vember , ly ﬁ tee y a ter de th , the u er l a T w s w his re ched e ke bury, here b o dy w a s buried o n the un f S day ollo w ing before the high alta r in the mids t o f the pre sbytery o r cho ir by Abbo t Pe ter of Tew k esbury a s s is ted

o s of T n fo un on by the abb t inter (a Clare dati ) , Flaxley, THE C NTE I BE OU SS SA L . 5 1

sh a nd D ure fo rd a n o f on s o f o s Keyn am , ; m y the m k th e n o s s in s n a nd s o w s o f s a o s ki dred h u e be g pre e t, va t cr d pect t r a f o ow n a nd n o n The g thered r m the t the co u try ar u d . Chronicle o f Tew kesbury displa ys a figure of Gilb e rtus ’ i s c o s Glov e rniae e t He rtfo rdiae in s o pr mu me , a urc at w hic h b e ars the three clario ns o f Glouces ter a nd the Cla re a s He o s in his n a n w rm quarterly . h ld ha ds a br ch ith five s o n n of his c n a nd h a s o leave it, the umber hildre , ab ut him five s hields cha rged w ith the arm s o f hi s a nd his w ife a nd ’ w o w s onn c o ns a nd o f id c e ti the abbey . Th e lo w er p a rt o f his s tone coffin s till remains w here it wa s o n rigi ally placed .

IS BE NTESS RNW AND E TE U UC S R. A L , CO OF CO ALL GLO

Th e s ame a bb o t o fli cia te d les s than five months later at ’ th e marria ge of Earl Gilbert s w idow Is a bel to his friend R a f n l n I a o o w o o f H I I . ich rd , e rl C r a l , the br ther e ry , the c o n b n fo on Ma 30 1 2 31 w erem y ei g per rmed rch , , at Fa ley, ne a Ma o w in B c n s s r rl u ki gham hire . She thu became o n s s o f o u s H fo d o nw a a nd Po ictie rs C u te Gl ce ter , ert r , C r ll, ; b ut th o ugh th e s e grea t titles o vershado w ed the c om a ra tiv e l um one w c s h e f o T w s p y h ble hi h derived r m e ke bury, her a ffections w ere firmly ro oted in the o ld abbey until her a s o The a n n l t h ur . marri ge made the ki g exceedingly a gry, b ut he w a s eventua lly pacified by the bish op s at c o urt a nd f n s o f his o s w o n by the rie d br ther . Perhap he uld have bee mo re ea sily pacified if he co uld have fo res een that altho ugh

Is a o fou c n to s on s a n non o f bel b re r hildre her ec d hu b d , e her o o n w of a n a n s on bl d mi gled ith that the Pl t ge et bey d them . Is a bel died in childbirth at Berkha mpstea d o n January

1 7 1 2 39—40 a nd s to ur T w s , , de ired be b ied at e ke bury by

s o f h e r s s n T s not c o s the ide ﬁr t hu ba d . hi very gra i u

s w a s fus s o n s a n w n reque t re ed by her ec d hu b d , but he it w a s a rra nged that h e r b o dy should be buried a t Bea ul ieu A b ons n a s o s e n to b ey, he c e ted that her he rt h uld be t 52 THE COUNTESS ISABEL .

r It w a s fo in s se Tewkesbu y . there re placed a ilver va , ‘ ’ n de a u ra ta a nd o s in a o of dece ter , dep ited the m rble t mb l b o H n d e Si ton w h o w a s n Ea rl Gilbert y br ther e ry p , the f T w s a nd w h o n s n prio r o e ke bury, had bee pre e t at her ’ a In s na o s s nna s w de th . te ti ver eju dem, add the a li t, ere

n n It w a s . a buried befo re the high altar a t Mis s e de . s d s on o f ns no t o f o s curiou i tributi her remai , but did c ur e s s o in o s s a nd s n n w o eem th e day , the e time t hich pr mpted it w ill be a r compa riso n w ith the phil o s o phy w hich ﬁnds -f n s atisfaction in the pro spect o f cremation in a ga s ur ace .

' The unse ntim e nta l o ld monkis h a nnalist quo tes s o me Latin m s o m o n i s s n n s s n o f rhy e c mme rati g th e time t, the ub ta ce w hi ch may be given in English not much wors e than the z Latin a s follo w s z

B he r a s w he r e a the oun e ss e f y l t ill h rt C t l t, He r e e a hou of the e s e e f b tt r p rt, t gh r t b r t And to he r ﬁr s t d e a r lord he r he a rt re turne d ’ T o n o Sh w with wha t true love tha t he a rt ha d bur e d .

It is probable that the lines were w ritten o n parchment a nd a in on n so w ch pl ced the m ume t, a marble mau leum hi n in f Ea had bee erected memory o rl Gilbert . The C ountess Isabel left many lega cies to her dearly o A f T T w o s S o w s . l ved bbey e ke bury here ere c pe , ilver o n s - oo s ha s in n nc o w h b u d ervice b k , c lice , abu da e , t gether it o n a nd n But o s m a a a w a s m ey la d . her m t re rk ble leg cy a bottle which c onta ined a c ollection of relics s ent to her by

The A nna ls a nd the Re gis te r both sa y pe r fra tre m He nricum de ’ ’ Si tune tune ri ore m The ok sb e ri e s s a he r o e e ae . La e w p , p t r rit r y br th r, b ut a ll the o e s of I sa e e ca me e a s o f Pe m o e a nd ou br th r b l b rl br k , th gh P o Si ton s e e m s to a e e e n a m a n of we a h a nd os on he e i s ri r p h v b lt p iti , t r no e de nce a he e on e d to he fa m f he un e s s vi th t b l g t ily o t co t .

2 o o os re mo le a vit cor comitis sa V t p t g , Pa rs m e lior toto fuit hue pro corpore mis sa Hae c s e divisit d om num re cole ndo ri ore m , i p ;

Hue cor uod m s e um te sta tur a more m . q i it, v r

E B 5 4 PATRONS OF TH AB EY.

In s w a Fo rthampto nw a s resto red to speech . a imilar y the ~ ons o f E ia s a nd N o s o s s w s o to s l ic la , the g ld mith , ere re t red s peech by drink ing w a ter in w hich certain relic s h a d been d At a o s s a s a nd o a nd w ashe . v ri u time par lytic , dumb pe ple, s a nd os wh o S s to n of cripple , th e had evil pirit , the umber a s a n a s fo a nd o w to ono o f m y rty m re ere cured, the h ur Go d a nd o f thos e w ho s e relics rep os ed in the church o f the d a T w s Mos of s s Bless e M ry at e ke bury . t the e miracle to o a n s fo o n n o f o k pl ce, i deed, ju t be re the app i tme t br ther H n Si ton a s o ou i s c o e ry p pri r, but th gh it re rded during o f his o f An w w s o . the year pri rate that the arm St dre , hich h a d n o f o s w o n r s bee br ught r m Jeru alem , r ught ma y mi acle a t E s a non n on n w n a s ve h m , e are me ti ed duri g t e ty ye r at T k h f H n wa s fo w s . s o o e e bury Per ap , there re, br ther e ry be re his a nd o s f to n a nd s o age, dev ted him el rather buildi g re t r in a s o s f r n to s g, he did dev te him el hea tily, tha relic .

RICH RD DE RE SEvENTH E R UCESTER A CLA , A L OF GLO , AND SI TH E R HERT RD X A L OF FO .

n E r s Of T w s s Whe arl Gilbert, the ﬁ t the e ke bury Clare , in 1 230 his s on R w a s o nl a s old died , ichard y eight ye r ,

a n n orn on A s 4 12 22 He u s h vi g bee b ugu t , . th became ’ n s w a nd w a s o t the ki g ard, made ver ﬁrs to Hubert de

B a of n s i of En a n a nd urgh, e rl Ke t, the Ju tic ary gl d , on

d s of r ca r] in 1 232 to d e s Ro s the i grace that g eat , Peter che , ‘ s o o f i D bi h p W nchester . uring the time o f this w a rds hip n nd ’ the ki g a queen paid s everal vi sits to their w ard s hous e T w s w w a s at e ke bury, but hether it kept up a s one o f the

On the d e a of a no e m a n his e s a e in ose da s a s e th bl t t , th y , p s d into the a nds o f the s o e e n. If his s ucce ss o wa s of a e h e h v r ig r g , re cove re d the a nds a n to th e l by p yi g crown a co nside ra ble s um of mo ne y a s a

ou h fo m of succe ss on du But if th u e r g r i ty . e s cc s s or wa s a minor the c o wn e ca me his ua d a n a nd the w a dshi w h th e u r b g r i ; r p , it sufruct of th e e s a e wa s of e n e n n o the a nd f t t , t giv i t h s o a ministe r of s ta te or a fa ou e . In suc ca se s a so a a e sum wa s e u v rit h , l , l rg r q ire d to b e pa id for the e e of ma n the wa d privil g rryi g r . RICHARD DE CLARE. 5 5 ro o t o s s o r w w a s s a s s n yal c un ry h u e , hether it u ed a re ide ce o f E o f n o r w o n s s Is w a s the arl Ke t, hether the C u te abel

t r i not no n o s s s w . permitted re ide the e at her plea ure , k But i s on o o e nd o f Ma in 1 233 it rec rd that ab ut the y, , H nr III n hi s e y . vis ited Tewkesbury w hile he w a s ho ldi g

o r o s : a nd o n n 4 1 236 n E no c u t at Gl uce ter Ju e , , Quee lea r ’ a fo r s w s a Sh e c me there the fir t time , hich implie th t came no t nf n n s o a s ons s o f there u reque tly . O uch cc i the bell the w oul n out a n a o a nd his abbey d ri g m y merry peal , the abb t mo nks w o uld g o in pro cessio n clad in c o pes o f gold a nd to d o ono to o s o a nd a ll o a l fo k velvet h ur the r yal vi it r, l y l o f Tewkesbury w o uld hang o ut their ta pestry a nd their ga rlands to make their streets lo o k bright a nd to give their s w o to o ns be t elc me their s vereig . Roya l match-making in the cas e o f royal w ards w a s to o o o o f n s to n a nd pr fitable a m de levyi g taxe be eglected, hence the rich yo ung Earl o f Glouces ter w a s so on s ent into o n a But o u h - the matrim i l market . th g daughter culture w a s o s s n s o o o s in o s s f d ubtle u der t d by m ther th e day , a ter ’ s fa s o n a s w a s is no w in c a s o f the day hi , ell it , yet the e a royal w a rd it involved the expenditure of a n amo unt o f o n s w o s o f s o o s n s m ey be ide hich the c t ball , pera b xe , pic ic , a nd a ll n n w o o o n At o ther ma trimo ial s ares uld l k trifli g . s H n III o n n o a o n w Ea o f fir t e ry . pe ed a eg ti ti ith the rl M a fo r o ne o f his a s o o w n in rch d ughter , but it br ke d the n s s A o ff a n n w a s prelimi ary tage . m re e ectu l arra geme t n o a o w E o f nc o n w h o the br ught b ut ith the arl Li l , agreed to buy Ea rl Richard fo r his eldes t da ughter at the price o f s w sum o n s to s o n no t mark , hich am u t methi g very

n f o ur n n u like o m o der mo ey . Mea nw hile a little private nego tiation had been go ing o n w n o n a nd Ma B a nd a s bet ee the y u g earl rgaret de urgh , Ea o f n a nd his w f w s in o the rl Ke t i e ere helper the pl t, the o n o a AS if to a m a y u g pe ple w ere privately m rried . m k e te ria l ow for n n n n no w a , h ever, a i etee th ce tury vel riter, Counterplo t w a s co ntrived o n the part of William de 56 RICHARD DE CLARE.

n s o of a n wh o w n to the o Prove ce , bi h p V le ce, a ted get g lden his o w n n a nd s of T w s heir into keepi g, the annali t e ke bury regis ters that in the year 1 236 Hubert de Burgh w a s im . peached befo re the king o n a ccount of the marita gium s to a n a nd not w hich s eem me the actual marriage, the — do w er o nly of Richard de Clare a nd Margaret the daughter The n s in n o n o f D e Burgh . ki g ucceeded getti g the y u g o a nd o a n s 1237 f c o uple div rced, ab ut C dlema , , he urther in n out his s s o f a n succeeded carryi g ﬁr t cheme , that m rryi g t M of Ea of his w ard o aud de Lacy, the daughter the rl n n W o f o w f ha s not n Li col . hat became the ther i e bee c o nsidered of s ufﬁcient imp o rtance to need record by the histo ria ns o f that perio d . No t lo ng after his marriage this lo rd o f Tew kesbury s s He s s to n m a s tarted for the Cru ade . eem have bee a n o f religion according to the fa shio n o f his d a y ; for in 1 248 he intro duced the new ly fo unded Augus tine Fria rs 1 n o En n n o s for T n i t gla d, buildi g a h u e them at u bridge ; a nd in the follo wing yea r he is fo und do ing w ha t ha s been

on six a nd f n s a n ri a t d e a hal ce turie l ter, maki g a pilg m ge o ’ A s o E n of a n s n on rchbi h p dmu d C terbury grave , the ly eight l on n For s O d . s n year , at P tig y thi pilgrimage the mo ks

to o o w n a s o f w s o n his o n had b rr a hu dred m rk the Je acc u t . When he w a s at ho me thi s earl lived chieﬂy at Ho lme a s n a s o -w s e nd o f n C tle, e r the uth e t the abbey preci cts . There a t Christmas time he i s s aid to have enterta ined s n s a nd ns a nd in 1 2 50 m a d ixty k ight their trai , there , , he e

n s o f o n a nd Bo e k ight William de Wilt Peter t ler, there being no doubt gay ceremo nies w hen thes e yo ung s oldiers

A fe w e a s e fo e in 1 2 30 e a e a ous a nd c n e n y r b r , , gr t j l y o t tion ha d ’ a se n e w e e n th e mon s of . a m e s s P o a t B s o a e l ri b t k St J ri ry ri t l, c l of ’ Te w e s u a nd the om n ca n F a s of u P . us ne s o h k b ry, D i i ri r St A g ti ri ry, w o ha d j ust b e e n se ttle d in a simila r ma nne r clos e to the form e r mo na ste ry Ma u ce d e Ga un o d o f Be e n But th P s o . e n by ri t , l r v r t re a chi g Fria rs we e e n in the a sce nda n a nd e o de Be ne d r th t, th ir l r ictine bre thre n could not e e e m a wa k p th y . D E RICHARD E CLAR . 5 7

’ girt ontheir s w ords after a night s w atching of their armo ur ld a T to o a befo re the a lta r o f the o bbey . here queer s to ry is told o f him that w hen a Je w fell into a pit full o f

o n a d a a nd f s to a w n o ut for mud the S bbath y, re u ed be dr f o f n w s la w a o a ear breaki g the Je i h , the e rl rdered th t he s hould not be dra w n o ut on the S unday fo r fea r of brea king

s n la w s o a on r of Mo n a the Chri tia , th t the a rival d y the a s w a s s o f w o po o r Je w w s dead . Perhap it the u urer h m n s n o o w for o h a d the hu dred mark had bee b rr ed, Shyl ck to run the ris k o f his debts being canc elled by a ny c on 1 v nie nt n of s n in o o e accide t thi ki d th s e r ugh days . But Earl Richard s eems not to ha ve been a m a n of a s In 1 2 53 h e f th e o r in on e y temper . le t c u t high dudge beca us e the king w o uld not allow him to acco mpa ny him In 2 nd his o a abroad . 1 58 he a br ther Willi m bro ught upon s s n n of W Sc Ote na his f them elve the ve gea ce alter de y, chie o nc o w ho n to s o c u ill r, ma aged give them me deadly drug w c o s on a nd s eff On hi h p i ed William , had the ubtle ect 2 ’ s f o f s o n hi r n n s ld him el de tr yi g s hai and ails . Lela d o c hro nicler also reco rds that he w a s tyrannical tow ards th e on s Of T w s a nd o o a w f o m m k e ke bury, that he t k ay r m the o f r o But i s s sfa o to ﬁnd a much thei pr perty . it ati ct ry th t like many another ha s ty tempered m a n the earl could a sk fo n s n A s 2 0 1 2 58 s r to n s . O o rgive e ugu t , , he de i ed be rec oile d wi on s a nd o s s on or n n th the m k a Pr ce i , Lita y, havi g n s his s a nd on his f s s bee aid at reque t. behal , he gave the ki o f peace to all the brethr en fro m the greates t even to the ’ s w i S of on l o n o lea t, at h ch ign rec ci iati all rej iced greatly .

- Te wk e sbury w a s the dwe lling pla ce of ma ny Je ws in the Middle Age s ; a nd som e more industrious a ntiqua ry tha n the pre s e nt write r m a y possibly ﬁnd s om e co nne ctio n b e twe e n this circums ta nce a nd the fa ct tha t a col ony of Ge rma n Je ws ma y still b e found in Te wke sbury

Bu d n s e cha e London. il i g , Whit p l , 2 Willia m d e Cla re ha d dire cte d tha t his body should b e burie d in Te w e s u e b ut it w a s n e e d se c e in the A e of u e k b ry Abb y, i t rr r tly bb y D r fo d e s the now e d e of his d e a s ou d o e fa a to the e a r . r , l t k l g th h l pr v t l l 58 RICHARD DE CLARE.

D uring the fo llow ing years Earl Richard s ided w ith h o w o o s to n w w o the barons w ere pp ed the ki g , ith h m he n o n f n s not fo n s eems never to have bee rie dly term rgetti g ,

s h o w o a w i o ss his a in perhap , the r y l ll had cr ed p th early f n Em e rsﬁe ld in n o n 1 5 li e . Whe he died, at , Ke t, July , 1 2 62 w a s n o s on , it alleged that he had bee p i ed at the table ’ o f n s n o o if w e the quee u cle , Peter de Sav y alth ugh may j udge fro m the number Of indulgences granted by the A s o o f n r a nd B s o s o f s rchbi h p Ca terbu y, the i h p Che ter , o c s a nd n a ff to o s wh o s oul a fo r his W r e ter , Lla d , th e h d pr y

s oul his w a s r a r Of f n s . , death egretted by a l rge ci cle rie d He is repre sented in the Register o f Tew ke sbury a s

Richa rdus s n s o s Glo ce stri ae e t H de Clare ecu du , C me ert ’ fordiae a n in his f n n w a s , be ri g le t ha d a bra ch ith five le ve , n o f hi s n a nd in hi s n o the umber childre , right ha d a g blet, a s f n s n He w s s o perh p re erri g to the poi o . ear a urc at em on w ons of a nd h a s a t his s blaz ed ith the chevr Clare , ide tw o s s w o f s a nd os o f th e hield ith ther amily arm , th e abbey . The D e Clares had s umptuo u s funerals in the abbey a s w a s o s o n n s E R a w a s u ell s umptu u m ume t . arl ich rd b ried on o f hi s f on 28 in s n the right hand ather July , the pre e ce o f n no s a nd n s s o s of W o c s a nd ma y ble k ight , the bi h p r e ter n a ff no fe w n o s Offi n on Lla d , and er tha eight abb t ciati g the o s o n T n hi s w o e t o hi r a a n cca i . he id w s up ver s g ave m g i fi ce nt o o n w ol S a nd o s s on s t mb ad r ed ith g d , ilver, preci u t e , w hereon She placed the sw o rd a nd s purs w ith w hich he ha d n r w n w a s n T s o w a s no bee gi t he he k ighted . hi t mb d o s a r to o f n III H r . ubt imil r in characte that e y , erected a fe w s a in s ns A hi on year l ter We tmi ter bbey , a gh table m u n a w os s a nd n on its to a me t , much inl id ith m aic , beari g p recumbent effigy o f the deceased ; a compos ure of curiou s w o fr of s o o s a nd n rk , amed diver e c l ured marble glitteri g s on s a nd w o s ort t e , chequered gilt ith g ld, upp ed at each c orner by twisted o r s erpentine c olumns of the sa me ’ s o fro o d The peckled marble all br ught m bey n the s eas . Tz- M N TRANSLATION OF FI HA O . 5 9

‘ ’ ’ C fr o s n ra Mo s e pitaph opied m it in Weever Fu e l nument , is comp os ed o f the tw o abs urd lines

Hic udo Hi oliti Pa ridis e na s e nsus Ul ssis p r pp , g , y ,

ZEne ae e a s He ctoris ira a ce t. pi t , j

And if his shade co ul d read them he mus t have been very much asha med to ﬁnd hi mself ma de o ut to be a s great a As for S n o hero a s all thes e put to gether. the ple did t mb h n Th e n s o n of R fo on o s it a s go e . ha ger the e rmati m t s o a s a nd s s s s sso s of likely t le the v luable , the ta tele ucce r the ‘ n s on s But hi s s o n of n reformers remo ved the rui ed t e . t e c ﬁ w a s w o no n to s o s ns n rth thi g them , it till remai e tire, all a nd s on ns n o f hi s on s but the lid , it till c tai ma y b e . ’ It w a s in i s e a rl S o n o 2 5 1241 f s th time, Oct ber , , the ea t n nd s n n of hi n s or o f . s a o s S S Cri pi Cri pi ia , that the b dy a ce t Fitz-Ha m on w a s removed fro m the cha pter hous e a nd a in o on ft n o f l At pl ced the ch ir, the le ha d the high altar . s t o o f A o B n A o the ame ime the b dy bb t e edict, the third bb t of T w s ur w a s so o f o e o s e ke b y, al rem ved r m the chapt r h u e a nd re -interred w ith that o f Fitz-Hamo n the bo dy of Abbot Robert being remo ved fro m its grave at the doo r o f

’ ' 1 ‘ In lae va pa rte ma gni a lta ris is the position indica te d in the n e m o a nna s In m e d ae a a n ua e the e f a nd of th e co t p r ry A l . i v l l g g l t h ‘ ’ a a n a a m e a ns the e a d c s n s e a w c is on th e lt r i v ri bly h r l i i i t r, th t hi h a nd of the s e a o hu h h n Hu Lo d c . T s t e o c e sa s of right h p t t r C r i l y gh, r ’ De s e nce r a he wa s u e d u a summum a a e in d emte m a rte p , th t b ri j xt lt r p , is mo num e n e n a s o w e nown o n the no of he a a h t b i g th t ll k rth t lt r. But a ou h the nna s wh c w e e m os e w e n a n lth g A l , i h r t lik ly ritt by ’ e e -w tne s s us s a e a F -Ha m ons e ma ns w e e ra ns a ed to the y i , th t t th t itz r i r t l t

l e t o f th e a a the h on c e w e n some two ce n u i e s a e s a e s f lt r, C r i l , ritt t r l t r, t t w h e ua d s nc ne ss a h e we e n e r e d e we e n two a s 2 it q l i ti t th t t y r i t r b t pill r 93 . th e ri ht a nd of the e s e a dd n a A o Pa e a fte wa ds g h pr byt ry, i g th t bb t rk r r r u a c a e o e he m in 13 The c a e us nd ca e d is a b ilt h p l v r t 9 7. h p l th i i t th t wh ch occu e s the b a e a s wa d of the a w c a e The m a e i pi y t r W r i k Ch p l . rbl o m w n ha s ha d a a s s u on it w c f om the ma x s e e m s to t b ithi br p , hi h r tri ha ve be e n tha t of a knight ; a nd th e ﬂoor i s pa ve d with til e s o n which ’ e e i s a s e d of F -Ha mo n s o n m a n the a e c oss the : th r hi l itz li i p li g bb y r , ’ e d a n a o s a s o a s a ff shie ld be ing divid by bb t p t r l t . E 2 THE BB 60 PATRONS OF A EY . the church to that w hich had been o ccupied by Benedict

o s Th e fa i s s c o in i n the c hapter h u e . ct thu drily re rded

na s w o on S n the An l , but there uld be much cerem y, ple did

ons a nd a n s s o n s a n o c s o n a s s pro ces si , m y ervice , uch c a i thi , o f w hich a mo dern reporter w o uld make mo re acco unt than r a nn s w a s thought necessa y by a mediaev l a ali t .

R DE RE EIGHTH E R UCESTER AND GILBE T CLA , A L OF GLO , SEVENTH EARL OF HERTFORD

The next lord of Tew ke sbury w a s the s on of the pre i n o ne a nd w a s o n r s in H s ced g , b r at Ch i t Church amp hire, f in 1 243 o n 2 o ow O . s September , the m rr St Gile , the year , f As r w just a fter his fa ther came o age . he g e up he became a m a n of s ufficient note among his fello w s to have a nick na a nd h a Re d E fus r me , t ey c lled him the arl, quia ru e at ’ e t a s e ctu o n s o n s r a s if pulcher p , th ugh the ame u d ve y much his beauty c onsisted in a rubicund face surmo unted by hair ’ o f o o w fon o s n a nd im the c l ur hich d m ther call aubur , ’ Ea c o s . But Re d w a partia l s ho olboys call carr t the rl he s . hi s f w a s no a nd w of ow n Like ather, he a mi r a ard the cr , ’ n But on fo his f though o ly for tw o years . l g be re ather s in 12 52 n m his n to rr death , , the ki g had ade up mi d ma y him to hi s n A i of o f M c a nd iece l ce, daughter Guy, earl ar h Ango ulém e a nd his fa ther w a s in da nger o f incurring a fine of thro ugh hi s tardines s in promoting the m h o n s n to on on o n his f to atc , the abb t bei g e t L d behal m n s s n w n r w a s ake thi g plea a t ith the ki g . Gilbe t at this n n s Of n a nd l n o A s o . time i e year age ly, lice a ti l y u ger child N s s w r s o s in 1253 a nd everthele , they e e e p u ed , eight years f w s w r d t s Is a ter ard they ere mar ie , heir fir t child , abella, n bo n o n M 10 126 2 w n w a s n bei g r arch , , he Gilbert eightee a nd lf s o f a nd a s the Anna s a s a ha year age , li t rem rk , 1 e fo n r w sw or o f n b re he had bee gi ded ith the d a k ight . A

1 ‘ ’ The Anna e s de The oke sb e ria e cord no mo e oca nc d e n s l , r r l l i i t a f e na m n the of Is a e l a me e e ste n some u t r i g birth b l , r ly r gi ri g p blic m f a d ocu e nts inthe la st e w p ge s .

E E 62 BATRONS OF TH ABB Y .

a s n o f n s o s o The Re d Earl w evide tly a turbule t di p iti n, one o f thos e mediaeval nobles wh o could no t get on w itho ut n a nd wh o o a s ons for f ou much fighti g, made cc i their av rite n T s find pas time w hen they w ere not ready to ha d . hu w e him accus ed in his latter days by the Ea rl of Herefo rd o f having inva ded hi s lands in Breckno ckshi re w ith a rms a nd n A o s s on w a s ss to B s o of banners flyi g . c mmi i i ued the i h p

El his n il n o n Me thin ha m y, u cle W liam de Vale ce , J h de g , n s s of o on s to n s a a d tw o Ju tice the C mm Plea , i ve tig te the

a T fo n sa on a nd s o fo n ch rge . hey u d the accu ti true , al u d ’ Re d E s a ha d o n s that the arl rmy br ke up churche , ta ken a w ay the chalices a nd o rnaments there to belong ’ in s in a n of Ea o f H fo s n n s a nd g, la m y the rl ere rd te a t , driven a w a y multitudes o f ca ttle o f a ll of which plun f fo r hi s Bu der the ea rl himsel had a third s hare . t it w a s als o a djudged tha t the Ea rl o f Hereford had done a s d a s E o f o s a nd so o quite ba ly the arl Gl uce ter, b th n o s o At s o ss s s ons w ere o rdered i t cu t dy . fir t all their p e i w fo f n a s w fine o f ere r eited , but eve tu lly they e caped ith a 1 a ch 100 . e . The Re d E Mon o a s onD 7 arl died at m uth C tle ecember , 2 5 nd w a s ou to T w s to Hi 1 9 a . s , br ght e ke bury be buried b o dy w a s laid at the left ha nd of his fa ther in the choir ; a nd w a s o w a n a s a o n the grave c vered ith a pl i m rble l b , ar u d n o f w w a s n ow n of ss on w c the margi hich a arr ba d bra , hi h hi s a a nd s w r n No of s c n me title e e e graved . trace u h a a no w a ns B nn s a s in hi s H s o gr ve rem i there . e ett t te , i t ry ’ o f T w s r e ffi ie s Of s no n fo e ke bu y, that the g thi blema rmerly s o o o one o f s ls not fa r f o his ra in t d ver the tal , r m g ve , a ’ ns o s on w a n ns on in o a s pe ive p iti , ith i cripti g ld char cter . This w a s probably the c oloured stone figure o f w hi ch a o on w a s fo nd w r s o f o s n a a p rti u , ith pa t ther , u der the lt r, in 1 8 His n un 75 . s o a a Gilb e rtus s s pe ive p rtr it, l belled ec du , ’ o s ns Glo ce s triae e t He rtfordiae s in C me rube , appear the on o f T w s in s o w a Chr icle e ke bury, clad a urc at ith the Cl re s a nd hi s s of r s arm , having at ide a shield the Cla e arm in E R THE LAST DE CLARE A L OF GLOUCESTER. 6 3

’ s n s a nd o s of o a n d Acre o s s on the i i ter, th e J , a cr pat ce w n a s in S bet ee ﬁve m rtlet , the dexter ide . ’ His w o w o a n d Acre a o s a f the id , J , lm t immediately ter ’ Re d Ea s r a n s n Ra rl death , mar ied a pl i e quire amed lph de Mo nth e rm e r a nd n s n to f n to , the e t him her ather, the ki g, be knighted & King Edwar d conﬁs ca ted all her lands, a nd impriso ned her ne w husba nd in Bris to l Cas tle ; b ut w a s n a o n to his An o n Be k eve tu lly rec ciled daughter by th y , the B s o of D m He r n s a nd a n w great i h p urha . la d her husb d ere r s o to a nd a o n f o w e t red her, the l tter bec mi g a av urite ith n o n o n o f o r S ow in the ki g, acc u t the c u age h n by him o s w s w a s to o f E o f the Sc tti h ar , permitted bear the title arl s n o n l m o f Glo uce ter u til the y u g Gi bert de Cla re ca e age . Af a of o n w a s E o f A o ter the de th J a , he created arl th l , but this s to len title w a s probably relinquished w hen he became s n in a n f n n o o o f B n o . a pri er Sc tl d, a ter the battle a ckbur The r n s s o a n in 1 30 7 w a s not P i ce J died , but buried at T w s o n in o f the e ke bury, her b dy bei g laid the church A s n n s n a nd os o f ugu ti ia Friar at Clare , the ki g m t the no n n h e r fun bility atte di g eral .

I BERT DE RE TENTH E R UCESTER AND G L CLA , A L OF GLO , E R D A L OF HERTFOR .

The s on o f the Re d Earl a nd the Princes s Jo a n Planta n w a s o n T w s in 1 2 9 1 a nd w a s s ca ge et, b r at e ke bury , rcely a s o ld of his f t He M ﬁve ye r at the death a her. married aud; Of o n B o f U s ld e s s s daughter J h de urgh , earl l ter, her e t i ter n f f n In 1311 a ho w o Ro r B . bei g the i e Ki g be t ruce , lt ugh o n w n s o f o n a w a s a n ly t e ty year age, the y u g e rl m de rege t f n I a s i n co n o o w n E w a I . w the ki gd m hile the ki g, d rd , S tla d , nd n n But his a a agai in 1313 w hen h e w a s in Fra ce . e rly n s s w a s s o a o f Ba nno n o n great e cut h rt at the b ttle ckbur , n 2 3 1 314 a nd w a n o f a s Ju e , , ith him the m le li e the Cl re to a n nd T T s r fo r came e . hey had held ewke bu y eighty ni u r e yea s . E 64 PATRONS OF THE ABB Y.

Thi s last of the ea rls o f Glouces ter a nd Hertfo rd w a s o f o a -fie ld to o ld a nd brought h me r m the b ttle the abbey, - hi f T a la id o n the left hand of s ather . here he w s so on n his w o w w ho w a s his ft- a nd o n j o i ed by id , laid at le h u 2 in fo ow n a nd w os S o w ow o o J ly , the ll i g year, h e h rt id h d n s a d of o n a Hi s eem s to tell s ile tly the tale a br ke he rt . s effigy in the Chronicle o f Tew kesbury is entitled Gilb e rtu s B ’ II s lo ce s tri ae e t He rtfo rdiae is c a in s o I . o G C me , l d a urc at w h ons on h a s s o f o it the Clare chevr up it, a hield the li n a ss n a n a nd c rons his S p a t gu rda t the hev , quarterly, at ide, a nd a s in hi s f a n o n n e nd o f w be r le t h d a t rch , the bur i g hich i s n n s o n o un to s n f w a s bei g exti gui hed the gr d, ig i y that he s s A o on of hi s s s n in m childle . p rti tatue repre e ted the sa e ma nner 1 3 among the fra gments o f s culpture fo und under the a lta r . The grave o f this las t D e Clare wa s unco vered w hen o n o r n w a s o in 18 5 Iti the m der ch i paveme t rem ved 7 . s a s a o w of fine s on o o n fo h ll grave very ma ry, the b tt m bei g rmed o f tw o s s o f a l s on Un lab very h rd b ue t e . der the dust a nd . rub ble w ith w hic h the gra ve h a d been filled up in the las t century there s till remains nearly entire the Skeleton of

E l r a nd s s to n m a n f ar Gilbe t , he eem have bee a o very ’ The o s M athletic build . C untes aud s grave i s of a s imilar s on a s w a s s n o f a nd a nd on de cripti , ee by the light ca le, up the top of it is the ma rble slab in w hich a magniﬁcent

ss w a s on n a w ha s b n o n bra ce i l id, but hich ee br ke acro ss at s o fo o me rmer peri d . 6 5 PATRONS OF THE ABBEY.

THE D ESBEN OERS .

HUGH URTH B R N D ESPENCER E EVENTH E R (FO A O ) , L A L OF CESTER GLOU .

ON the death of the las t Lo rd o f Tewkes bury o f the fa his s a s w on his Clare mily, e t te ere divided am g three S s s a nd o s o f T w s r w h on i ter , the l rd hip e ke bu y, it the patr age o f w n a s of ono of o s the abbey, e t , part the h ur Gl uce ter, n the s In 1 2 h e H l to E o . 3 1 s e lea r, elde t married ugh D e s e nce r o n wh o w a s a E o f p the y u ger, then cre ted arl o s a nd r s ons H E w a nd Gl uce ter ; they had th ee , ugh , d ard , He i s s n in r on o f Te wke s Gilbert . repre e ted the Ch icle ’ r a s Hu o s c n s le D e s e ns e re o s Gloce striae bu y g e u du p , C me , w w o n his f w s w i s o a nd w n ith a ha k le t ri t, hich gl ved, eari g a s urcoat embla zo ned w ith the chevro ns of the Cla res in s a nd fo a r D e s e nce r f in the ﬁr t urth qu ter, the p ret the s n nd sa n o f D h ne i in o a e C e s . ec d , the ble be d the third Six o o s of a s n s o w n o a a nd ther c at rm are appe ded, h i g the r y l o n s o f his f o s s o n n ble allia ce amily, the abbey cr ccupyi g a in c o f s s place ea h the hield . ’ When Edw ard the Sec ond s w icked Queen Is abel a nd her param o ur Ro ger Mo rtimer raised the s tandard o f civil w a r a ns n Ea o f o s a nd his f gai t the ki g , the rl Gl uce ter ather the Earl of Winches ter bo th Stoo d by the roya l s ide to the a s fa f di s n r a s s s a nd l t, ith ully chargi g thei duty ubject n u ministers of the cro w . B t w hen th e unnatura l wife a nd mo ther had contri ved to make her caus e po pula r by putting I f s on E w a II . o w a s n e c u l her , d rd , r ard ki g, the cl ver but r e o o f o n f E II a nd a nd s s o w . tr ke p licy rui ed the cau e d ard , he E PEN THE L’ E 6 6 HUGH D S CER YO NG R. hi s tw o n s f n o a nds o f Mo rt H mi i ters ell i t the h imer . ugh D e s e nce r o f n s a o n n p the elder , earl Wi che ter, lth ugh i ety

a s Of w a s n B s o on c o 9 1326 a nd ye r age, ha ged at ri t l O t ber , , hi o own n th f s to o s . O 29 o sa e on b dy thr d g the the m m th, H D e s e nc e r o n E of o s a nd ugh p the y u ger, arl Gl uce ter u s a n o f E no a w a s a w s s a w n on h b d lea r de Cl re , l le ly dr a o s s of H fo a s no s hurdle thr ugh the treet ere rd , mid t the i e o f dr s a nd s a n o n ow s f f um trumpet , h ged a gall ﬁ ty eet high , a nd n ua The n s f w a s w la the q rtered . ki g him el ith equa l w

' s sn ss o s o n n 2 0 132 7 a nd s oon a f w s le e dep ed, Ja uary , , ter ard w a s a s sa s s na in B a s o o r brutally i ted erkeley C tle , by the rder, w onn n o f Mo t a nd n s ith the c iva ce, r imer the quee , the ﬁr t o f w o w a s for u in 1 330 a nd h m executed the m rder , the i s o n fo r f s o n E w III latter mpri ed li e by her d ard . ’ The mutilated remains o f the Earl o f Glo ucester s bo dy w s to o s owns on of ere di tributed vari u t , but the Chr icle Tew kesbury reco rds that they w ere s ome time a fterw ards 1 o a nd a n a s n c llected buried in the abbey ; Lel d dd , ear the ‘ a o o f T s ob a o n s to , lav t ry the high altar . hi pr bly p i t a bea u tiful monument w hich o ccupies the Spa ce a t the back

f / o s . The o w a on a ns a n o on Zoe a la s the edilia l er p rt c t i bl g , in w hich the co ﬂi n of Abbo t C o tes ha s been pla ced at a o a n a The o o n o ns s s o f c mpar tively rece t d te . upper p rti c i t o fo n s a o f w c h a s on a n ab ut rty iche , e ch hi h c t i ed a bracket nd h a s . T e w o w a s o u ss c olo ure d . a nd s a tatue h le d btle , mu t ’ a n a f Ea H h ve bee very be uti ul . rl ugh s w ido w Ele a no r

f w s a a o Z o o f M o a ter ard m rried Willi m, L rd de la uch rtimer .

He r s on s a n w a s in a of Ma ec d hu b d buried the ch pel St . ry

in a E no s n o r a n n the ye r lea r , re umi g ret i i g, the o f o n s s o f o s e on n 2 9th 133 7 title C u te Gl uce t r, died Ju e , , w n s he w a s his s he laid by ide .

‘ Enormite r e rditiose e t crude lite r S ne ud c o e t e s ons one , p , i j i i r p i , s us e nsus di s tra ctus e t in ua uo a e s divi sus fu : e t in nos a p , , q t r p rt it tr di ’ e cc e s a u os e a s e ultus . T e s e a re the wo ds of th e Re s e a nd l i p t p h r gi t r, he a re not too s o n for the o cca s o n t y tr g i . 2 The e ffi of a De la Z ouc s o wn to b e s uc the a ms on th e gy h, h h by r DE E E E D HUGH SP NC R TH THIR . 67

Hugh D e spe nce r w a s the la s t o f the earls o f Glo uc es ter w one o n his n s on T o s wh o h a d ( ith excepti , great gra d h ma ) n o f T w s u The a y as s o ciation w ith the lo rdship e ke b ry . title w a s indeed given to the husba nd o f Ma rgaret d c la f s o f s s E n w o w o f C re a ter the decea e her i ter lea or, the id H a nd s H o A d w a s w ft Ea ugh , thu ugh , L rd de u ley, t el h rl o f o s f o 1 337 to 1347 a nd w a s on Gl uce ter r m , buried am g s o f o s r o the earl Gl uce te in the ch ir .

H H I T B R D ESPEN ER UG H N C . , F F A O

But though the ea rls of Glo ucester thus pas s ed aw ay f o T w s u w a s s s s s on o f r m e ke b ry, there till a ucce i great na mes among tho s e who inherite d the lo rdship fro m Fitz ’ Ha on s f a s n a n s D in t s o m em le de ce d t . ur g their ime al w ere erected the m ore c ons picuous beauties o f the existing a o n oo f o f n s o r a nd bbey, the gr i ed r the ave , the clere t y o of o f th e o o on of s o n t r ch ir, the c r a chapel ar u d it, the hree

h n c a s in s r a nd S n on c a try h pel the pre byte y, the ple did m u n w f h As me ts hich fo rm s o noble a eature o f t e church . fa r a s f of o s D e s e nce rs the abric the abbey g e , the p may n a n f n i deed be lmo s t ca lled its s eco d o u ders . The ﬁrs t o f thes e lo rds o f Tewkesbury who w a s not

E o f o s w a s H o D e s e nc e r s on arl Gl uce ter ugh, L rd p , the o f H o n a nd E no a H w a s ugh the y u ger lea r de Cl re . e o n o 1 322 a nd w a s o n a o f n a t b r ab ut , ly b ut ﬁ tee the death o f his o In a s o f h e s s to a a n m ther . h rt li e eem have tt i ed s o s nc on a s a n m a n a t s e a b n o me di ti ti ﬁghti g , it ei g rec rded o fhim that h e did w hat o ur later na val m e n have a lwa ys been ’ s o o f o o o m w e n s s ju tly pr ud , br ke a b by hich the emie hips ‘ w o in o r o f H o s ere pr tected the harb u elv et Sluy , quia

s e d— u e s e a n or— is e se e d in the ounds a t Fo a m o n hi l g l , b z ty, pr rv gr rth pt , a nd s s u s e h a e F om the i ppo d to ha ve be e n ta ke n from t e bb y. r cha ra cte r o f the a rm our it a ppe a rs to b e of a n e a rlie r da te tha n tha t o f the a on e e m e n on d b r h r ti e . H BE 68 PATRONS OF T E AB Y .

’ He r E a o f n o . erat pote s in bell mar ied liz beth , daughter Mon a c o f s who w a s a Willia m t ute , earl Sali bury, alre dy the 1 n 1337 o f s a s o B s w idow (si ce ) Gile the l t L rd de adle mere , a f w s m a B n o o f a nd w ho ter ard rried Guy de rie , L rd Welwyn ; but it s ho w s s omething for his lo ve a s w ell a s

his r w n she to n of a fo r brave y, that he came thi k her buri l Sh e re quested to be laid beside hi m ; a nd there bo th lie in mo rta l dust a nd in marble efﬁgy o n the north of the 2 altar . H o D e s e nce r o n r 1 3 1 348 —9 ugh L rd p died Feb uary , , ‘ a nd w a s a s h a s u s n s s buried, j t bee aid , juxta ummum ’ n n d n He a a s a a in d e xte ra a o . lt re p rte, leavi g chil re ppe r ‘ in the Tewkesbury Chronicle a s Hugo tertius le D e ’ s e ns e re w n a s o w f a nd a p , eari g urc at ith the ret the bl ck n a s a n s o in his n a nd in be d qu rterly, di pl yi g a cr ll right ha d , his left a s mall church with a ro und to w er a nd Spire ﬁve

S s o f D e s e nc e rs Monta cute s M onthe rm e rs a nd hield the p , , , o thers accompanying his e ﬂigy ; and among the quarterings a s o s s His w o w a n o ppear the abbey cr . id ret i ed the l rd s o f T w s n h e r w o c o n hip e ke bury u til death , hich c urred Ma 31 1 359 w n w n to n w E w y , , he it e t her ephe d ard,

1 ’ Lo d Ba dle sm e re s a m s— a r a fe ss e we e n two a s re ne e s r r g. b t b r g ll

u. a re in o ne of the c o w nd ows His mo he w a s a d e a e g , h ir i . t r Cl r ,

d a u e of M a a e the w fe of Hu Lo d ud e . ght r rg r t , i gh, r A l y 2 AS a rchae olo gis ts ha ve e xpre ss e d doubts whe the r the s e e ifigi e s a re os e of E a e h D e s e nce r a nd h e r s e cond hus a nd it m a b e a s th liz b t p b , y w e to uo e the wo ds of th e Re s e f e w e s u It s a e s a ll q t r gi t r o T k b ry. t t th t b e ing the wife of Sir Guy d e Brie n a nd the widow of Hugh De spe nce r ’ ‘ the h d w e n sh e wa s u e d a t um no suo r m o m a o t ir , h b ri j ce c bili viro p i rit ’ in um a sa s rae cla ra cum ima in u a a Atk ns t b ti p g ib s de ma rmore lb . y e a c e e s e s the s a e me n a nd s a s a She e f he r s e cond x tly r v r t t t , y th t l t n Hu husba d gh D e spe nce r to b e buri e d b e side he r first husba nd Guy d e Th ’ Brie n. e D e spe nce r a rms w e re found on th e ta ba rd of the knight s u e w e n Mr a e fig r h . C rt r cle a ne d it for the purpose of ma king a ske tch in

1 78 9 . The om wa s e a m ne d in 1 8 5 w e n th e s e e on of th e a d t b x i 7 , h k l t l y wa s obse rve d a mong the fra gme nts of a d e ca ye d wood e n cofﬁn unde r h e r e ffi a nd the od o f Lo d D e s e nce f c e n o d in a gy, b y r p r s till pe r e tly ve l pe e a de n sh oud a mon s m a f a me n s unde his e fﬁ . l r , g i il r r g t , r gy

70 PATRONS or THE ABBEY

EDW RD SI TH B R N D ESPENCER. A , X A O

in 1359 o f o n s s E W ow On the dea th the C u te lizabeth , id D e s e nc e r a nd w f o f Gu B n the of Hugh Lord p , i e y de rie , w sb r w n a s h a s n a s to lordship of Te ke u y e t, bee alre dy aid, E wa s on o f o E w a w h o h e r nephew d rd , the her br ther d rd, Ann of o s o f o ha d ma rried , daughter L rd Ferrer Gr by, but n 1 342 w n o no t n o n h a d died i , he he c uld have bee m re tha

o f o s s on w a s o n to a nd tw enty years age, th ugh thi b r him, f Is a nd o f D on though he w a s Ea rl o the le o f Wight ev . This s ixth L ord D e spe nce r w a s th e te nth o f all the brave m e n w h o w ere created knights o f the garter at the ﬁrst institution o f the o rder ; a nd held high command B n a t Poictie rs He ha d under Edw a rd the lack Pri ce . three

ns E wa H a nd T o s a nd fo a rs . s o , d rd , ugh, h ma , ur d ughte

s ons a nd o n w r The elder the daughter all died y u g, and e e of M a nd of Ho T n . b uried i the Chapel St ary the ly rinity, ‘ a of t M n s r kno wn a s the Ch pel S . ary ear the Pre byte y . wf w a s E a a a nd of Ba o o w His i e liz beth , d ughter heir rth l me , h r h o a n E w a III Bur e s to . L ord de g , L rd Chamberl i d rd , the T w s n s w s n s s s to or e ke bury la d al ay attracti g heire e them, . n s s s to o a s s carryi g their heire e ther l rge e tate . ’ D s nce r a t ff s M n s Lo rd e pe died Cardi Ca tle o n St . arti D a No 1 1 1 375 a nd w a s o t n to y, vember , , br ugh the ce be fo o o r o f s r n a s buried be re the d the ve t y, e r the pre bytery, ’ r his w f T n s a o n r w he e i e built ri ity Chapel , y the rdi a y ’ n Hi s w o w s w 4 1409 -fo ou s . acc t id ill, dated July , , thirty ur s f wa s s he r o s r year a ter rd , direct that b dy hall be bu ied

1 The d oubl e de dica tion in the na me of the Bl e s s e d Trinity a nd of

M a wa s e common in a e m e d ae a m e s . It i s us a e d St . ry v ry l t r i v l ti ill tr t i n this ca s e by th e ha lf oblite ra te d wa ll-pa inti ng still re m a ining a t the

e a s e nd of the c a e . T s ha s e e n in e e com a me n s the t h p l hi b thr p rt t , u e one e a n s m o ca ure s of th e T n the sou e n one a pp r b ri g y b li l ﬁg ri ity, th r he n Corona tion of t Virgi . ‘ ’ The pre sbyte ry is tha t pa rt of the choir conta ine d within the ’ a s a s d s n u s e d from the a m u a o a a e we e n th e pill r i ti g i h b l t ry, th t p rt b t a s a nd the wa pill r ll . E DE PEN E DWARD S C R. 7 1

w e E w o D e s e nc e r s n bet e n d ard , L rd p , her hu ba d, and

‘ Tho ma s D e spe nce r her s on ; a nd the la tter having been r di in f on o f h r bu ied imme ately r t the hig altar, her g ave w a s o a s h e r in o pr b bly made be ide chapel the ch ir . The Chr oni cle o f Tew kes bury c onta ins a very curious ‘ repre sentation of Edw a rdus Dfis le D e Spés e re w ith hi s on r w s w o in hi s f n a nd hi s ri t helmet , a d a n rd le t ha d , gh s n s n- n s w s gra pi g a eve branched ca dle tick, ith lighted taper in n hi f As n reach g higher tha ms el . he had three s o s a nd fo s s a n s o s s s o s s the ur daughter , thi c dle tick d ubtle ymb li e His oa i s number o f his children. s urc t the s a me a s his ’ fa s a nd h s s of s nc n o s o f ther , t ree hield arm , i ludi g th e the hi f A n n n f a t s . o in abbey , are eet quai t k eeli g figure him full armo ur is to be s een under a can o py o n the ro of o f Tr T s is o o s o il inity Chapel . hi figure c l ured, perhap in , but a fretty pa ttern on the back is the o nly heraldic indi o n o f n He a nd his wif o o s t o . s s cati be u d e are al , d ubtle , the knight a nd lady w h o are pa inted a s adoring the Ho ly T n o n a w o f ri ity the ltar all the chapel . His w o w a s w a s hi s s on T o s s i id , ell third h ma , urv ved fo r n in w o w o o for o f a c e n him , the rme livi g id h d a third ur f hi d h a nd h e r s n f r n t y a ter s eat . She hu ba d le t ich be e ons to b o a nd w i facti the ab ey, a g ld chalice a je elled p x n a s on hi s w on s w s o bei g named am g , hile am g her ere me d f n r s n s a n o s . T s w o s s ich ve tme t , fi tee c pe he e ere , d ubtle , the las t in a s eries o f magnificent gifts ; a nd the pa rting donations to the s ervice o f Go d in the abbey of tho s e wh o had already added greatly to its splendour by beautiful n t i f additio s o ts abric . D e s e nc e r o n f s of Ann Lady p died the ea t St . e, July 1 26 140 a nd w a s in o o 9 . , , buried the ch ir She rdered that

Although the Re giste r sa ys tha t h e r husba nd wa s burie d a nte

' ’ o s um e s a es u ta re sb ite rium it d e ne s h e r u a - a ce c e a ti v ti ri j x p , ﬁ b ri l pl l rly a s w th n the c o a nd on hi s e f a nd : Et s e u ta e s t nf a c o um i i h ir, l t h p l i r h r ’ n n s a i u e ma m e o No a ce of The okusb uriae i si i tr viri su s b la pid r or . tr e un h r gra ve ha s b e e n fo d . B 72 PATRONS OF THE A BEY.

a n one w wh e her funeral should be a pl i , a black pall ith a it

o n n to s a nd o n cross be ing the s o le ad r me t be u ed, ly ﬁve co ﬁi n n a s ta pers to b e s e t ab out her duri g the buri l ervice . But sh e left mo ne y for a thou s and mass es to be s a id fo r

ou s n n s s n to v o n s her s l, eve cha try prie t bei g recei e ﬁve p u d n fo o w n each for the purpos e duri g the year ll i g her death . This Eucha ristic co mmemora tio n of her befo re Go d pr o bably to ok place in the cha pel w hich tradition ha s con ne cte d w ith her name .

TH M S SEVENTH B R N D ESPENCER AND THIRTEENTH O A , A O , ESTER EARL OF GLOUC .

Th e third son of Edw ard D e spe nce r a nd Elizab eth

Bur h e rsh w a s T o s o D e s e nc e r o n a o de g h ma , L rd p , b r b ut 3 He a d a a a his w f b n 1 70 . m e a gre t m rri ge , i e ei g

ons a nc da u o f Ed n n a o f o n C t e , ghter mu d La gley, e rl C r wa a nd du o f Yo w h o w a s fo s on o f ll ke rk , the urth III a nd o f B a n a nd hn E w . o Jo d ard , br ther the l ck Pri ce n o f Gau t . In 1 39 7 this lo rd of Te wkesbury brought ba ck for a s hort tim e the ea rldo m o f Glo ucester ; but he lived o nl y two a s to a ono a nd a f no o o f‘ ye r be r the h ur, ter him l rd u w n Ea o f o H Tewkesb ry a s ever aga i rl Gl uces ter . e kept f fu to nfo na R II a nd n a . o ith l the u rtu te ichard , the de po s itio n o f tha t king in 1 399 w a s deprived by atta inder (if o hi s a o a nd his a o n o f w a s b th e rld m b r y . Sh rtly a ter rd he w a s n s on a t B s o a nd a w s s to take pri er ri t l , there l le ly put death (a s his anc esto r the elder Hugh D e Spe nc e r ha d been in s ow n on- a n 1 5 1 3 9—1400 His u 9 . o the ame t ) J ary , b dy w a s ou to T w s a nd n br ght e ke bury, there buried u der the

w c rn fo th e B s s a ra n a nd lamp hi h bu ed be re le ed S c me t , therefo re in the middle o f the cho ir jus t below the bo ss in

a ul n o f s n o s b a the v ti g the ea ter m t y . There is a more Splendid portra it of this lord o f T w s u n of a n o f o s in on e ke b ry tha y the ther the Chr icle . RD EIGHTH B R N DESPENCER. 7 3 RICHA , A O

i in r o wi os s on his He s depicted the Ga ter r be , th r ette s o s s a s w o in his f n a nd his h ulder , a he thed rd le t ha d , in ‘ ’ a a a n his n T o a s D e s e ns e re . right l bel be ri g ame , h m Le p hi f is a o f a r a nd Nea r s le t sho ulder the b dge the G ter, there a re no fe w er than s eventeen s hields of ro yal a nd o ther arms at his feet ; the abbey cro ss being duly qua rtered on o ne of

No r o f hi s r ha s n fo n : on them . t ace g ave bee u d but am g the fra gments o f s tatuary dis co vered is o ne of the earl inhis sky 1 f a o n his s o a n w a o . blue m tle , ith the b dge the G rter h ulder He f tw o s ons R c a a nd no wh o d o n le t , i h rd a ther ied y u g , a nd tw o d s Is a nd o n one w h o aughter , abel a y u ger died Hi w n n o n a nd w a s ff. s o w o s y u g, buried at Cardi id C ta ce a f w ds a T o a s a o f Ar n n in ter ar m rried h m , e rl u del, dyi g nd a in no n A f 1417 a w s w o R n . , buried the rui ed bbey eadi g

RICH RD EIGHTH B R N D ESPENCER AND I TH B R N A , A O F F A O

BURGHERSH.

T s o w a s s son o f n or hi y uth the elde t the precedi g, b n in 1 3 6 He E a d f 9 . o R N married liz beth , aughter alph evill , a o f W s o n a nd o a n o f o n o f a n e rl e tm rela d , J daughter J h G u t , - on f III r n s o E w . s in s the g eat gra d d ard , thu marry g the ame ’ n s n - b ut M r on 1414 ki g great gra d daughter , he died at e t in , fo w a s n n n s of w w a s s l be re he i etee year age , hile he ti l a w a o f o w n n no i r n He . w s rd the cr , leavi g ch ld e a b uried in o o f on f n of his f the ch ir the abbey, the le t ha d ather . His w ow f w s r E r of No r n id a ter ard ma ried the a l thumberla d , s on o f Ho s to w o she o w r n the t pur , h m b re t elve child e . ’ With him the D e spe nc e rs of the male line came to a n e nd n n T w s r for n - s , havi g bee at e ke bu y ni ety three year .

T o w s l s n b D e s e nce r hey are, h ever, ti l repre e ted y Lady Le p , w h o is s n f o Is his s s de ce ded r m abel , i ter .

‘ ’ ‘ Th e a ncie nt true blue of the Ord e r wa s cha nge d to Prus sia n ’ ue a t the a cce ss on of the Ha no e a nd na s Its e a bl i v ri y ty. r viv l by a de a r a nd onou e d s o e e n who ha s no i a in the e a ts Of he r e o e h r v r ig r v l h r p pl , w ould ﬁtly s ymbolis e tha t comple te id e ntiﬁca tionwith the a ncie nt glorie s of En a nd wh ch ha s now so a e e n a a ne d the d na s gl i h ppily b tt i by y ty . F 74 PATRONS OE THE ABBEY .

THE BEA UCHAMP8 .

E D ESRENCER UNTESS W RWICK ABERCAV ENNEY ISAB L , CO OF A , A BEM R E RCESTER AND . WO , L A L

o f th e s o D e s e nce r in 141 5 n s ON the death la t L rd p , the la d a nd the ecclesiastical rights o f his fa mily w ent to his s is ter

Isa w h o i s s now n of s on s a n bel , be t k by the title her ec d hu b d w a s a n - a r a s the Co untes s o f Warw ick . She great gr d d ughte I I a nd w a s s n on f a s f o f I . o Edw ard , de ce ded the em le ide r m a E o f o s a nd hi s w f Gilbert de Cl re , eighth arl Gl uce ter, i e ’ I n ss oa n d Acre a r o f E w . the Pri ce J , the d ughte d ard a nd thus by tw o channels she inh erited the blo o d of the n Planta ge ets . The La dy Isa bel w a s born at Ca rdiff Cas tle mo re than ’ s ix on s f f s a o n 26 1400 E m th a ter her ather de th , July , , arl Thomas having been murdered o n January 1 5 o f the s a me The d a a f sh e ha d n a On year . y ter reached her eleve th ye r, f s o f n s 2 7 1411 Sh e w a s the ea t the Seve Sleeper , July , , in a nd A o a to R a married the abbey, by bb t P rker, ich rd B a w h o n nh o f E eauch mp , had rece tly i erited the title arl o f Ab e r a ve nne f o his fa W a s n s ur g y r m ther illi m , the eco d i in s on of T o a -s a f In s ub s v v E o w . e g h m , third rl War ick quent years the Ea rl of Ab e rga v e nne y acc om pa nied Henry in his n w s a nd fo r h is b I a ve r w a s V . Fre ch ar , y created Ea rl o f Wo rces ter in 142 0 One daughter w a s bo rn to the yo ung C ountess of Ab e rga ve nne y w hen she w a s a little n f n a of a e T s a s a more tha ﬁ tee ye rs g . hi w the L dy Eliza beth B a w ho n o the w o Ha n e uchamp , came i t rld at ley Cas tle o n

16 1415 . A o r r wa s he r o f t r September , bb t Pa ke g d a he , DE PEN ER NTE S OF R ICK . 75 ISABEL S C , COU S WA W

d n to n to sh e an whe it came her tur marry, became the w f o f N E w s o n of E o f i e a eville, d ard , the third the arl

s o n w ho w a s e o n a nd s We tm rela d, creat d bar , thu became n s o to s n s of Ab e r a v e nne a nd to a ce t r the pre e t earl g y, the b o ns De s e nce r ar p . But the then Earl of Ab e rga ve nne y a nd Wo rces ter left his o n w f w ow on Ma h 18 1421 w n re y u g i e a id rc , , he he ce ive d a mo rtal blo w in the Side fro m a s to ne s ho t o ut Of t f M a His o wa s o a catapul at the s iege o e ux . b dy br ught to T w s a nd o n A 25 o o o f e ke bury, buried pril , at the b tt m

o w n no a s n of the ow a nd the ch ir, bet ee the rth e ter pier t er n His o a o t in the firs t pillar o the s ame s ide . mem ri l p rtrai the C hronicle o f Tewkesbury repres ents him a s a yo ung m a n o n in his ft a n s o ns r Bica rdu s , h ldi g le h d a cr ll i c ibed . ’ Be lle o his s n on k de Camp , right hand re ti g the baldric f hi His s o s s o f o s sheathed sw ord . urc at bear the arm B w s n fo r ff n r w eauchamp , ith a cre ce t di ere ce, qua terly ith a chevron ermine o n a field cheeky in the s eco nd and third ix f n him r S o s s o s s o . quarte s . ther hield arm urr u d Th e sumptuous s piritual fashio n of private chantries ’ ha d fo th e E o f o s s s e t in , a little be re arl W rce ter death , ll En n In a r n a ons a o ver gla d . e rlie ge er ti the surviving relatives o f the departed ha d been contented to have their na s n on d a of ons a o n w me me ti e in the pr yer c ecr ti , hen the Ho E r s w a s h ly ucha i t celebrated at the hig altar . Later o n s r ons o f th e E a s w s r , pecial celeb ati uch ri t ere de i ed . W n t s n s in n s a s a nd s r he he e i crea ed umber, everal alt r eve al s s w r r ir a nd s s s r n u prie t e e equ ed, thu chapel p a g p at the s s of r s a e in n s of B s s ide chu che , dedic t d the ame the le ed V n a nd of o r s n s s s a s o s w irgi , the ai t , chapel uch th e hich o n o ut of o of T w r pe the ambulat ry the choir at e kesbu y . At s t f o f four n a nd la t, in the lat er hal the tee th in the f n n a o w o i w fi tee th ce tury, gre t pe ple ere pr v ded ith chantry chapels a nd chantry pries ts exclus ively appro priated to them a nd their M ediate rela tives with endowments for the Holy Eucharis t to be Offe red in such chapels on behalf F 2 THE BBE 7 6 PATRONS OF A Y. o f the deceased a s ins titutio ns quite dis tinct fro m the parish c c o r a o o s W n r hur h the bbey, th ugh l cally ituated ithi thei a ls l w l . ne s r r s T n O uch private chant y al eady exi ted, the ri ity ’ a nd o s s no c A o Chapel, p ibly a ther, that ere ted by bb t ’ Parker o ver the fo unders to mb in the b a y ea stw ard o f tha t in w hich the Earl o f Ab e rga ve nne y a nd Wo rces ter w a s A a n o s o s a nd f n buried . ch try m re umptu u beauti ul tha of h s w a s how n th e oun w ow either t e e , ever, begu by y g id ed o n ss a nd its on w a s o s s a n o for c u te , erecti d ubtle utlet her f a s s c w o ha s n fo n to in grie , u h memorial rk bee u d be a o a n ur n The o a ons m re ex lted ra k w ithin o o w time . dec r ti a re of a n elabo ra te character among them may be fo und Ro s o f Yor o ns of a r s the White e k, the chevr the Cl e , the ’ c a s a s s of B s w de e ed e rl hield, that the eauchamp ith the s n On f ss to diff n t a s of n o cre ce t the e , ere ce i that the ju i r r n o f fa On e or n shi s of b a ch the mily . the ext ri are ma y eld s on n to o n s o s o f o n s s the arm bel gi g the r yal a ce t r the c u te ,

to s a nd D s e c e rs . The a w a s and the Cla re , the e p n ch pel in n s of Ma r B a . e n . a dedicated the ame St y Magdal , St arb r , a nd o n n onth . o e te s h St Le ard, year and n m a fter the deat of the earl . And w n n he the chapel had been dedica ted , the the Is a o ff o n n a nd s ff s f to Lady bel put her m ur i g, u ere d her el ’ o fo wo o n o f sb n s ous n 2 be c m rted by the i g her late hu a d c i , R B a ft E of W a w c a nd Ea o f ichard e uchamp , ﬁ h arl r i k rl A n n fo -tw o s o f w o w lbemarle , he bei g the rty year age , a id er, a nd n r hi f Th havi g th ee daughters by s former w i e . e a r a o o H n s on No 26 m r i ge t k place at a ley Ca tle vember , 1423 o n o o of o s a B s ow , J h F rde , Pri r W rce ter, and Willi m ri t , o A o o f T r ﬁi i tin A fou L rd bb t ewkesbu y o c a g . year and r

T e s e c a n s e ce s we e a o s e d the cha n r e s s s e n h h try rvi r b li h , try p i t t a d f a nd the cha n e ndowme n s a o a e d th e c own in th ri t, try t ppr pri t by r e e nn n of the e n of Edw a d V I b gi i g r ig r . 2 ’ The e a ons of the La d Isa e s two us a nds wa s a s r l ti hip y b l h b .

E E PEN ER C NTE OE R ICK . 7 7 ISAB L D S C , OU SS WA W

22 1425 s on s f w s o n Ma , , m th a ter ard , & rch the aid Lady b o n H n Isa bel bro ught her hu sband a delicate y amed e ry, ’ a s a t r a s o f Ha n w h o w a s r . T s w thei C tle ley, thei heir hi

fu D o f W w n B for a nd the ture uke ar ick, the Cardi al eau t i f s the D uke o f Buckingha m being h s go d ather .

he i f of a E of a w w o L d T l e the gre t arl W r ick, h m the a y

Is u s o o for s on s n h a s n o s abel th t k her ec d hu ba d, bee m t beautifully depicted in fo rty-six drawings made in s epia a nd pencil by his chapla in Jo hn Ro us ; w hich are s till M s S . i M s o . preserved n the Britis h u eum . [C tt Juliu , ’ E T s ra w n s n w s a nd . iv . ] he e d i g begi ith the earl birth , e nd w his a a nd a Is a Of n s ith buri l , the L dy bel te appear 1 a n m A o is s o a n a n on o f mo g the . b ve each al expl ati the s c a nd s nds fo on n o s s or of ubje t, the e lege rm a c ti u u hi t y ’ s f the earl li e .

T ma s d E of a w c o . h , thir W r i k

s e cond s on T om a s e de s so n a m [ ] h , [ l t ] Willi , E f b e r a nne f u o f o A e o E. a wi c . g v y rth W r k

R c a d Isa e D e s e nce r R cha d i h r b l p i r , s us a nd f h of a w c ﬁr t h b ﬁ t E. W r i k Edwa rd Ne ville = Eliza be th s e cond husba nd fro m whom the Ea s Of Ab e r a nn rl g ve e y He nry Anne

As the e la onsh of th e w dow of R c a d e a of Ab e r a v e nne t p , l g y p r i i i i h r r w a s too c os e to R c a d e a of Be a uc a m for m a r a e w ou a l i h r , rl h p , r i g ith t d s e nsa on one wa s O a ne d f om the o e i p ti , bt i r p p . The re a re portra its of the e a rl a nd counte ss a ls o in the e a st w nd ow of the Be a uc a m a e a t a w c w c a re e n a e d in i h p Ch p l W r i k , hi h gr v ’ D u da le s a w s e i In he m e o i s a e oo d g W r ick hir [ . t sa w rk v ry g e n a n Of the Te w e s u c a n The c u e Of the e a in the gr vi g k b ry h try . pi t r rl on c e o f Te w e s u e a d e d Richa rdus Be c e m u n us om e s Chr i l k b ry, h h , q i t C ’ W a rwi ckiae e e s e n s him w a dra wn swo d in his a nd a nd , r pr t ith r right h ; his surcoa t is e mbla zone d with the sa me a rms a s thos e o n the Ea rl Of ’

o ce s e s su m oun e d a n e s cu ch e on of os e o f D e s e nce r. F e W r t r , r t by t th p iv o he sh e ds o f a ms a ccom a n th e ﬁ u e His no e e cum e n t r i l r p y g r . bl r b t a s s s a ue a t a c is we n wn br t t W rwi k ll k o . E H 7 8 PATRONS O T E ABBEY .

When he w a s very young L ord Warw ick had sho wn a a n in f n w n n o w a nd great milit ry t le t de eati g O e Gle d er, f w s r A o 140 w n o n a ls o at the ba ttle o Shre bu y . b ut 7 he e t a to Ho n his ou n w a s pilgrim ge the ly La d , but j r ey like a

o a o s s n s a nd s n n n o o s r y l pr gre , ki g duke e tertai i g him g rge u ly n s a n u na n Af w a s l w ith fea s ti g d to r me ts . ter rd he trave led

n f E n f r R s At o o o o a s a a s s . thr ugh the rth ur pe , eve u ia a la ter date he a ttended the eight prelates w h o repres ented the Church o f England at the C o uncil o f C o ns tance in 1 414 a nd w a s thencefo rward continua lly enga ged in great

u o n s non of o ur a s m e n a n p blic empl yme t , e gre te t h vi g ever w n o s t f o fo n s o ns a nd s s n o m re re pec r m reig vereig tate me . H n f E of a w a n o f his s on e ry V . le t the arl W r ick gu rdia H n I nd in 14 f a o f a D V . a 35 r. e ry , a te the de th the gre t uke o f Be fo — a n n no t a R ss — h e w a s d d rd Pla tage et , u ell ma e R n o f a n a n Of in w on n n his ege t Fr ce , ﬁce hich he c ti ued u til In c o s s n nn w his o n s s a n death . r i g the Cha el ith c u te d o n s on H n to s n in their y u g e ry, take up their re ide ce

n e o a w a s n o to a n n Fra c , their v y ge early br ught u timely o s a r a s o w n ua o cl e by g e t t rm , hich eve t lly dr ve them back o s of En a n Thi s n o f m s f a nd his to the c a t gl d . da ger hi el fa mily forms o ne o f the mos t beautiful o f the pictures in the contempora ry v olume befo re referred to ; the three being repr es ented a s lashed to a mas t W hile neighbo ur ing s s a s W e a s o w n o s s n o un a na hip ll their are t i g ab ut m geable , s a o s in o ne of n o n n s in a 1 the il r them bei g their k ee pr yer . Abo ve this picture the follo wing legend is w ritten d e ‘ s cribing the incident : Here s how es ho w e Erle Richard w n w hi s na oo th s w in s o s a he be ith vy t k e alt ater, h rt p ce a ros e a grevo ns tempes t a nd drefe the shippe s into d ruﬁe w o ote in s o u c ha a l fe re d to e r e shid a nd m he t t they be p , the noble erle vo re ca stynge lete bynde hym se lf a nd his la dy a nd Henri hi s s o ne a nd heir (after duo o f W a rr wyk) to s o f s s to the nte nt W the ma t the ve el, that here ever they

’ ‘ This dra wing i s copie d in Strutt s Ma nne rs a nd Customs Of the ’ En s vol. ii . . 56 . gli h, p ENCER C NTE or ISABEL DESP , OU SS WARWICK . 79 w ere fo und e they m yght have been buried tOge d e r w o rs hip fu now e of his o o a nd o s n s lly , by the k l dge c te arm ur ther ig e u o n b ut Go d s r a l a nd s o re ~ pp him , yet pre e ved them , ’ l d a nd ft to Norma n t urne d to En on . o g , a er dy n n of f o No rm n The s ubs eque t retur the three r m a dy, The Ro n s o n w a s still mo re to uching . earl died at ue Ca tle A 30 1439 R s s s a Is pril , , and the egi ter tate that L dy abel a nd her s on Henry returned fro m France w ith his dead T w fu o f f a nd s n ss a nd on d . b o y hey ere ll great grie ick e , their a rriva l at the coa s t s ta yed s o me time at the p riory o f nons in o w n a se a to o r r w Ca S uth ick , e r the , rec ve thei eari

A a f o to ond on The o d n ss . e . little ter they pr ceeded L b y f w a s to a w a nd r in w is o the earl carried W r ick , bu ied hat no w B a m s n o n of the e ucha p Chapel , a ple did devel peme t the one But w ow o no fur h Tew kesbury . the id ed lady c uld go t er n on on a nd w n to n r s o n nd s tha L d , e t be u ed by the l vi g ha o f s s s no s s s o f on n of in the i ter mi re e the C ve t St . Clare the 1 n a r the To w o f on o n T n n V I H . M no s e . i rie , er L d here Ki g e ry d vi s to o m fo r a nd w n r n she ma e her a it c t her , he at pa ti g a s n to o s on w h o w a s now his w a ked the ki g pr tect her , rd a nd to ca rry o ut her w is hes res pecting the addi tion Of s ix on s to fo n on a t T w s o o n m k the u dati e ke bury, the g d ki g n o o w s God r n on a nd bei g dev ut t ard , g a ted her petiti , at

o n w s s t s o fo a w o s Ma g i g a ay he expre ed he e c m rt ble rd , y Go d w o o u w o s w a n r n , h m y r hip ith upright heart, g a t thee ’ h a s a nd f a ll n n t y he rt s de ire ulﬁl thy mi d . She retur ed n s to Go d a nd n a nd n w o n o u t w tha k the ki g, bei g r ith her

S n s s sh e a nd s w o in s e ick e , died , lept ith the L rd the am n s of o n E n o . s w place, the Fe tival St J h the va geli t, hich

T s a e wa s fo und e d in the e n of Edwa d I his o hi bb y r ig r . by br th e r

Edmund for nuns o f . a e ou h o e B a nc e ue e n of Na , St Cl r br g t v r by l h , & - a e wh e n she e ca m e his w fe . In 1 5 15 a s ma n a s w e n s e e n o f v rr , b i y t ty v the nuns d e d of the a ue e s d e s a num e of the con e n s e va n s It i pl g , b i b r v t r t . w a s d s s o e d in 1 5 39 b ut s om e u ns of it e ma ne d a t the e nd of the i lv , r i r i ’ a s ce n u a nd a re e n a v e d f om a con e m o a n in a s s e s l t t ry gr , r t p r ry pri t, C ll ’ Old a nd N nd l ii 4 e w Lo on o . . . 2 , v p 6 HE BBE 8 0 PATRONS OF T A Y.

’ - f D e in e r T i s w a s the tw enty s ixth d a y o e c b . here a picture n in ni At f a s Sh e o . foo O her, lay in bed dyi g, the Chr cle the t is n n A o of T w s w his o f the bed k eeli g the bb t e ke bury, ith his l f a n w w hi s r b e re pa sto ra l s taff In e t h d , hile ith ight o n s s a s w a nd s n b a c e ive s from the c u te her l t ill te tame t, em l e n e r a zoned w ith the D e sp c rms .

‘ But a lthough she h a d been thus s trickendo wn w ith f w n on -n n a s o f a e fo r lo s s of h e r grie , he ly thirty i e ye r g , the

s a n w a s no t w a w s he d s hu b d, it ith him at W r ick that e ired He r u n o w s th e old A o f to lie . heart t r ed t ard bbey

e r a nd s o f n s o s Tew k sbu y the grave her a ce t r there . She

f to n f s a nd a n n o w n fo r s ix o le t it ma y rich gi t , e d me t m re m on s a nd n s h e w a s fro M no s k , the carried m the i rie thither to n o f fa Ea T o a s in be laid at the right ha d her ther, rl h m , He r f n o o la n fro n o f a . o a n 1 3 t the alt r u eral t k p ce J uary , 1439—40 B s o o f H fo d onf s s o A o , the i h p ere r , her c e r, the bb t o f T w s A o o f Winch e lco m b e a nd a u e ke bury, the bb t , m lti tude o f great friends a nd o f her dependents a ttending her to s n - a f o w n on o e a re ti g pl ce , r m hich a later ge erati rem v d

’ every stone o f the m o nument by w hich its lo ca lity w a s ’ o ut a h n s o o s a s marked very a d me marble t mb, y the ’ T c oni s a . s on n w a s hr cler, exqui itely c rved hi m ume t a

a b o o n to of w a n f o f o nte s s t le t mb , the p hich lay e figy the c u in a n n n s o c w o a n s a o s o r na d a pl i li e m k , ith ut y t te r be , ke a s a pers on s o divested o f their upper ro bes w a s then s a id a f Ma Ma to A s o . a n s o be . m ll figure St ry gd le t o d a t her E a n one o f . o n s o nh e r a nd a nd head , St J h the v geli t right h , one o f An on o n l f Ar o nd d h St . th y her e t . u the s i es o f t e ta ble w ere figures o f a lm s men a nd a lms w o men telling their

a s a nd fo o o f w a s a n s c o n a n be d , at the t it e utche be ri g her o w n a s a nd o s o f a s n w I m a h n rm th e her l te hu ba d , War ick, p g a nd D e s e n e r Clare p C . Ano ther memori a l o f her ha s met w ith a better fa te n is on n for on o n o n t f tha th m ume t, the m uldi g ar u d the o p o her chantry there s till remains the fo llo w ing ins c rip o Me m e ntote dfi e Is le D s ns o e i ti n abelle e pe er, C m t s s e

HE BE ~ 8 2 PATRONS or T AB Y.

n o f Is of a nd s f n c reating him Ki g the le Wight , him el placi g 1 T s w a s o w e wn u on his . r the cro p head hi title , h ever, a m e

no s o n o f En n not n a n o w e ho ur, the vereig gla d havi g y p r n o f o w n But o ne s o f pa rtitioning the dominio s the cr . uch

e w a s not no a nd H n V I . s o f w a s titl e ugh , e ry h rtly a ter rd c onferred u pon his fa vo urite the further title o f King o f

a n s Guerns e y d Jer ey . But this fa vo ured youth w a s a cons picuous ins tance of a n s n o f s o ut-of-the w a o nou s the ev e ce t character uch y h r , fo r s o a f s n onf d o n n h rtly ter the la t had bee c erre , Ju e A t n a f a 1 1 1446 Ha n a s . t e s o e , , he died at ley C tle ye r g h e n fo a to d a o f had bee rm lly married Cicely, the ughter ‘ ’ N o f sb r a nd s s o f n - eville , earl Sali u y, i ter the ki g maker, his sister Anne being married to the king-ma ker hims elf b ut his h o no s out for ur utterly died , a little daughter, Ann B w ho ha d n o n In the Lady e eauchamp , bee b r Feb ru a r 1443 in 1449 a nd w a s r in R n y , died , bu ied eadi g A bbey . The young duke hims elf ha d s pent his latter days at T w sb a nd H n s a nd s his e ke ury a ley Ca tle , he de ired that b o m in s of th e o w n dy ight be laid the mid t ch ir, bet ee the ‘ s a s t a his n on s k t ll , h t brethre the m k might ever eep in n w il w r him remembra ce h e they ere at thei prayers . S o popula r w a s he that the abbo t caus ed the buria l to a a a t n h for f a n ow s s o d o t ke pl ce ig t, ear the g theri g cr d h uld a in a His w a s n o n th r dam ge the bbey . grave u c vered o e e o va o f oo in 18 75 a nd ' s o o f nc o n s m l the ﬂ r , me the pri ipal b e o f a ra ther ta ll m a n remain among the dust a nd rubble w w w a s in s s s ith hich it ﬁlled carele time .

’ The re i s a p ortra it of the duke a s King of Wight in Worsl e y s ’ H s o o f he Is e o f He i s o u a in a m n i t ry t l Wight . p rtr ye d hu ble r form i th e on c e o f Te w e s u a s a s m e n h o d n a s wo d in his Chr i l k b ry, i pl k ig t, h l i g r e f a nd a nd a a w o nhi s w s e a i n no a ms o n his dou e l t h h k right ri t, b r g r bl t a nd a n o n o ne s e d Of a ms on his ha nd On s s h e d h vi g ly hi l r right . thi i l the a e c os s a a n a e a s e in a s e n f om o s e of the Ea o f bb y r g i pp r , b g b t r th rl ’ o ce s e a nd the Ea of a w c his mo e s us a nds W r t r rl W r i k , th r h b . ICK THE KING-M E ' WARW AK R. 8 3

His w ido w ma rried again after the lo s s of her yo ung s a nd s o n n n Ti to ft a o f W o r hu b , her ec d ve ture bei g p , e rl

te r n 28 1 501 a nd s to c e s . She lived u til July , , appear have d T w s o n n a in a ied at e ke bury , her b dy havi g bee l id the L dy Cha pel nea r that o f Lord de la Z ouch on the s econd day

f a s a terw rd .

RICH RD NEVI E SI TH E R RWICK SEC ND E R A LL , X A L OF WA , O A L or ISBURY B R N D ESPENCER AND E R ABER SAL , A O A L OF

GAV ENNEY ETC . ,

This m a n o f ma ny titles is he w ho i s kno w n in Englis h s or a s n - a a s a nd s o f old hi t y the ki g m ker, the gre te t la t the

No n c a n in in s in os s s s ons rma hiv lry , ki glier pride, tate , p e i , ’ t n n s lf a nd in no w n . re , ha the ki g him e He a o of T w s on a in 1449 bec me l rd e ke bury the de th , , o f o n Ann B n m the y u g Lady e eauchamp , havi g arried her n a no Ann o f o n s s Is au t, ther Lady e , daughter the C u te abel , a nd s ister o f the D uke o f Wa r wick ; but there do es not s eem to ha ve b een a ny pers onal asso ciatio n betw een eithe r nd o f them a the abbey . ’ On Lord Wa rw ick s death at the battle o f Barnet in 1471 his w o w ha d s of s n f os , id the mi ery eei g all the air p s s s ons of he r fa on s w sh e e s lf e i mily c ﬁ cated , hile h r e lived for a s a f n s o s in c o n thirty ye r ter her bereaveme t , metime

h e nt s m s in r s on a nd w s in o r c e a o . , meti e p i , al ay p ve ty She o w n tw o a s to E o f had , h ever, give d ughter the great arl

w : Is a l w h o w a s o n in 1451 a nd Ann o War ick be , b r , e , b th

f n m a to o o f E w o w o w s a IV . h m ere eve tually rried br ther d rd , Is o n w f of o of a n a nd abel bec mi g the i e Ge rge , duke Cl re ce, Ann wh o ha d s E w d s on o f H n e, ﬁr t married d ar , the e ry 1 n f s i f f R III becomi g a terw ard the w e o ichard .

k n a h L n a a B the Yo s R c d III . s w dow of t e a c s i n y rki t i g , i h r , thi i tr P nce of a e s ha d a son Edw a d who w a s c e a e d P nce of a e s ri W l r , r t ri W l , h b ut d e d in 148 4. S e e se f d e d in 148 5 a n o a e e n i h r l i , h vi g pr b bly b o sone d h e r mo s unsc u u ous us a nd p i by t r p l h b . TRON OF THE BBEY. 84 PA S A .

E RGE D UKE or RENCE E R or RWICK AND G O , CLA , A L WA B R SALIS U Y .

’ oo n a f on s on of n - s s t s S ter the c fi cati the ki g maker e ate , n ’ E w I D e s e nce r a nd w s V . di the p War ick la d , d ard vided w n hi s tw o o s who s ha d to them bet ee br ther , thu a title i s T w s f l to s f them thro ugh their W ve . e ke bury e l the hare o n a nd his w f Is the Duke o f Clare ce i e abel . Tw o s ons w o n to E w in 1475 a nd ere b r them, d ard , f o w n a nd s o u Ma R in o . ichard the ll i g year, al a da ghter, rgaret E w a fe w n s a s o f a w k d rd lived a u happy year earl W r ic , R a a o a s o on a s w a s o n Ma s s . ich rd died lm t he b r rgaret, the la s of a n n s nfo na Ma r t the Pl tage et , became that u rtu te c hione s s o f a s u nn o f w o s o n S li b ry, the tragic ma er h e death th e s ca ffold in 1 541 made mo re conspicuous one o f the n s o f H n III ma y crime e ry V . The Duches s o f Clar ence bro ught her third child Richard n o w o o n o 6 1 476 in ne w a of i t the rld Oct ber , , a ch mber the infir ma r o f T w s A no s on i s Iv e n y e ke bury bbey, but rea g by the c hro nicle for her re sidence in the mona stic buildings a t The nf n w a s a n in c s the time . i a t b ptized the ext day e cle ia ’ a ro chia li i s in n o f a nd on p , that , the ave the abbey , a later d a w a s on The o o a s y c firmed at the high altar . L rd Ge rge ( the duk e w a s ca lled) a nd the Lady Is abel remo ved to a w o n No 12 a nd i s no a sh e w a s W r ick vember , it ted th t n in o a s n s s o no n i s s a o f th e the m rt l ick e , th ugh thi g id c ommon belief tha t bo th sh e a nd her infa nt w ere suffering f o on o r n t o o s . t w o s n o o r m p i Whether hey ere p i ed , b th

d v s o ft rw s s s o n D e 1 2 . ied ery h rtly a e ard , the duche cember Then the fa ir yo ung mother o f tw enty-ﬁve w a s bro ught a a a n to th e a o n n r 4 1477 a nd f b ck g i bbey Ja ua y , , a ter lying under a hea rs e in the mids t o f the cho ir for thirty 1 ﬁ ve a s w a s in u t w w a s a a s w d y , buried a va l hich m de e t ard

The va ult i s d e scribe d in the Chronicle a s be ing a rtiﬁcia lite r fa cto e o a a e ma us a n e ca e lla m Be a ae Ma ae e cc e s ae conve ntua lis r tr lt r j , t p t ri l i ,

E BBE 8 6 PATRONS OE TH A Y .

n o f s a s nor o f diss olutio the abbey, the eccle i tical ma , that n w a s a so on s a to o w n a nd s the Barto , l c ﬁ c ted the cr ; thu ’ w ho le of Fitz-Ha mon s rights a nd pos s es s ions w ere a lienated n a n In 1 547 w n to o from his desce d ts . they ere gra ted L rd o f r r f s n . On Seymour o Sudley, the hu ba d Catha ine Pa r h w a nd D e s e nce r n s n is attainder, the War ick p la d agai

s s ons of own n 1 609 w n s became po s s e i the cr u til , he Jame o o on o f T w s Th o to . e I . s ld them the c rp rati e ke bury — — patronage o f the a bbey w hat w a s left of i t w a s s till re ta ine d own a nd is s n f a by the cr , repre e ted by the act th t ‘ is in f o f o n o the b e ne fice the gi t the L rd Cha cell r . The o o s s of -H o D e r D e s e nce r l rdly h u e Fitz am n , Cla e , p , a o f B n s ss s so and l tterly eauchamp , had bee ucce ively a ciated w ith Tew kesbury Abbey fo r exactly 400 years ; the bloo d o f -H o n o w n in ns of s B ch Fitz am fl i g the vei the la t eau amp . D uring thos e fo ur centuries nearly all o f them w ere laid to s — So f f t s fo Of s a nd re t me a ter peace ul dea h , ur them brui ed ’ a in a -fie ld fo s n or b ttered the b ttle , ur e t thither by the axe

s o m in o non r n Old ~ the halter, e early y uth, but e eachi g - n w s o f its o The rs ona o r s age withi the all ch ir . pe l mem ial o f o s o f a n s o on s n s m t them h ve bee de tr yed , the m a tic buildi g w c r m uniﬁce nce a re on b u hi h thei erected utterly g e , t the o ous w c i s s o gl ri church hi h they built their be t mem rial, a nd it bids fair to commemorate them s till for ma ny age s to o c me .

1 It is Odd to Obse rve tha t a ll the four Willia m s who ha ve s a t o n th e throne Of Engla nd ha v e turne d the ir roya l re ga rd towa rds Te wk e s

u . a m I a o b ry Willi . ppr pria te d a ll he could la y ha nds on the re for hi s ue e n M d a a . a m I e nd a q til Willi I . owe d with the s e po s s e ssions his re l tive F -H m z a o n. a m 111 e u in fa ou it Willi . r vive d the Ba rony of Te wke s b ry v r o f Sir He n a e who e d i a IV m . t f om 1 9 2 un 1 6 9 6 . ry C p l , h l r 6 til Willi ma de his e de s so n Ba on Te w e s u s coun F - a e nce a nd l t r k b ry, Vi t itz Cl r , Ea of Muns e e s s o n i s de s e nda n s e h . rl t r, titl till b r by c t B e twe e n 1 706 a nd 1 72 7 the title o f Ba ron Te wk e sbury wa s borne the nce s who e ca me Ge o n a e e II . d I . a nd Ge o a o s of by pri b rg rg , p rtr it he m e a c a s Ba on Te w e s u w e n E e cto of Ha no e a nd w e n t h r k b ry, h l r v r, h P nce of a e s e s e c e w e un n e a e d G s a d Kne e . ri W l r p tiv ly, r p int by t ll r B 7 THE BATTLE OF TEWKES URY . 8

THE BATTLE OF TE WEESE UR I& .

THE o n s o f T w s w m e n o f m k e ke bury ere peace , but the o s o f T w s w m e n o f w a r a nd o o t r f l rd e ke bury ere , t k hei ull s hare inthe unha ppy s trifes whic h w ere ca rried o n between n s a nd a ons or w n n s of o wn ki g b r , bet ee rival claima t the cr . One o f h N E o f W w s a n of t em , eville , arl ar ick, the hu b d ’ Is D e s e nc e r s Ann a nd n o abel p daughter e , the maker u d er o f n s o n the n s n fo s a ki g , c mma ded La ca tria rce at the gre t o f B n w w a s fo on A 14 1471 a nd battle ar et, hich ught pril , w n or o f the n r of En n his ith ma y m e ge t y gla d , he gave up life that dreadful Eas ter Da y in the ho peles s s truggle B n ns E w IV . s r n na agai t d ard y a t a ge accide t , the ﬁ l battle o f the Ro s es (except Bo s w o rth) w a s fo ught out thr ee w eeks f w s o n his n s T w s w n s o a ter ard la d at e ke bury, he me terrible h o urs of s laughter o ccurr ed under the very shado w o f the a nd o its n s if not s a n abbey, p lluted preci ct , the cred buildi g s f w h ot o o of w a r a nd o o o o f it el , ith the bl d the c ld bl d a ’ r o n n c uel vict r s ve gea ce .

Af of B n o r s fo i t no ter the battle ar et, perhap be re , a ther La ncas trian army had been co llected t o gether in D evo ns hire

n o o f D o f o s n Ma r u der the c mmand the uke S mer et , Quee a nd r n o f s n w The o garet the P i ce Wale bei g ith it . bject o f o s w a s a s f B n n fo to S mer et , at le t a ter ar et had bee ught , w o k hi s w a B s o to s o w r y by ri t l the Wel h b rder , here he w o uld be j oined by fres h tro ops under the Ea rl o f Pem o a nd to o n fo c s n o br ke , then march the c mbi ed r e i t a nd n s w H n I h a d s Cheshire La ca hire here e ry V . till a large n His a n o w di s o o f o s . s w b dy l yal adhere t pl ere , h ever, c r E w wh o ha s ft W n s o on A r 24 ove ed by d ard , tily le i d r p il , T E OF TEWKE B RY 8 8 THE BAT L S U . to try a nd meet the army o f S o mers et befo re it turned ro und northward after leaving the c o mpa ra tively narro w pa rt o f the co untry in w hich it wa s c ollected fo r the o pen Th e a n a s ri n c o untry no rth o f Bristol . L c t a army had been B s o a nd n to n fo r fa vo urably received at ri t l , ve tured e camp o c a o n n s f a fe w da ys at Old S dbury, a pla e b ut i e mile ro m

B s o a nd w n -tw o s o o f ou s on n to ri t l , t e ty uth Gl ce ter, bel gi g t Ea o f D e s e nce rs a nd s o w . E w the p , thu the rl War ick d ard m w s w a fro n s o t o u fo IV . had arched e t rd m Wi d r, hr gh Ox rd ,

r n s a nd M s a nd o on Ci e ce ter, alme bury, reached S dbury

a The D of o s ha d no t w to Ma y D y . uke S mer et aited give a on B to o s him b ttle , but marched by erkeley Gl uce ter , n to s u s f w n th e w s of a ow n ho pi g ec re him el ithi all th t t . ’ T o w E w s f n s n fo n here , h ever, d ard rie d had bee be reha d w a nd D fo n s f in a n ith him , the uke u d him el extremely

a n ou s o s on w o s for on in f on a nd d ger p iti , ith a h tile tiﬁcati r t ,

in T w a s no n fo a pursuing army the rear. here thi g r it but to s a t a ll s s a nd o o o s w lr a d e cape ri k , th ugh the tr p ere a e y fa u w on r on a h ot da w s tig ed ith a l g ma ch y, they ere pu hed ’ ’ o n fro m te n o clo ck in the mo rning until fo ur o clo ck in f no on n T w s T the a ter u til they had reached e ke bury . hen - it w a s found that the w o rn o ut fo o t s oldie rs co uld go no f a nd o n s not a a arther, the c mma der did dare c rry the cav lry n T s o tra va e lle d th e r h beyo d them . hey hadd y y o a ste tha t ’ n ht a nd a s s a n -w n s s w yg d ye, ay eye it e , that they ere ryght w ery fo r tra va ylynge : for by that tym e they had tra va l d on s in fo w c o ntr e y y xxxvi l ge myle , a le y , all in a n s a nd stonn w a e s b e tw xt w o o de s w o a n oo l e y y , y , ith ut y g d ’ h n e So n to b a n n re fre s . s y g they tur ed y , e campi g ha tily i n n d o w o n s o of the Vi eyard, a mea the uth the church ,

c o s n a t o wn s n ow n a nd l e, eve the t e e de the t e the abbey a s fo a nd o n n o f at theyre b ck a re them, up every ha d them , fo w a n s a nd s a nd a n s w h lls le l e , depe dike , m y hedge , ith y , a nd s e vill c to o a s c o wld e valley , a right pla e appr che, w ell d ’ have been d e vys e . But E w w a s os u on m h d d ard cl e p the , aving ma e a ﬂank

E B 9 0 THE BATTLE OF TEWK S URY. a mylene in the m e d o w e fas t by the to wne w ere many d row n d a n r nn ow s o w n a n to y , m y a e t ard the t e , m y the ’ h r h to a nd e ls w a s s m ht c u c e . , the abbey, here, they be t yg

n n n o o a a t a Th . A s tra ge s ce e the t k pl ce the bbey . e n s a n oo s in n r n c on n La ca tri tr p hav g bee d ive ba k up it, ma y o f a s w r s o d s a s o o f w n them , the iter ju t qu te y , t k re uge ithi its w a lls ; fo r tho ugh not privileged a s a sanctuary fo r

s e n s w a s s a ns accu d crimi al , every church acred gai t the w o o f a The o o s Yo s s s s n in s rd b ttle . vict ri u rki t pre i g the s on E wa o w in ame directi , d rd arrived at the p rch ith the n on o f a n f s o u t o r o f s a n te ti dr ggi g the ugitive , l ughteri g o But Ab o ns m f them w here they s to d . b t Stre ham ca e ro m w h a d n a n a s s a nd o n the altar here he bee celebr ti g m , h ldi g the co ns ecrated Sacrament in his ha nds fo rba de the king to : c ommit a ny suc h s a crilege w ithin the w a lls o f the church a nd refus ed to let him pas s until he had pro mis e d to s pare the lives o f tho s e w ho had taken s helter in the f Th n hi to o s o . e s w o o h u e peace ki g gave rd the abb t , a nd n o n s a o s o s n s nd k n the m k , bb t , ldier , k ight , a i g, all fo rmed in pro c ess io n a nd w ent thro ughe the ch urch e a nd the qw e re to th e hy a w te re w ith grete d e vo cio n pra yse nge ’ Go d a nd e ld n n o b m on n n w S o e . , y y g u t y c ve ie te la de the pursuit o f the vanquis hed w a s turned into a thanksgiving f r N o if o n n i o o . ot w o o s vict ry , h ever, a c temp rary acc u t to n s o s s n n in be believed , u til the ldier had already lai ma y

’ Of him in Edwa d IV th s co a of ose s a nd suns w a n ns c on r ll r r , ith i ripti be ne a th in the se words

e s u s m os of m ht J Chri t, t yg , Ha e me c on o hn d e We nlok kn ht v r y J yg , And OII his w fe E a b e y liz th, Who out o f s wo d is a s d e a thi rl p t by th, h ch founde d s c a e e e W i thi h p l h r . He e m w h ou e a a e lp th it y r h rty pr y r, Tha t the y m a y come unto tha t pla ce ’ e e e e i s o a nd s a Wh r v r j y ol ce .

But th e re is no d oubt this wa s s e t up by Lord We nlock hims e lf whe nhe b u the c a n ilt h try. 9 THE BATTLE OE TEWKESBURY . 1

l f MS e O . n in s . C the churchyard a d the church it el . [ p I I f l . I . o C . ’ But Edw ard s clemency s o on vanished when h e left th e h a nd o o his a s o s . T e abbey, t k up qu rter at a h u e hard by s ame aftern o o n he ha d the yo ung Princ e of Wa les brought n o his r s n oa e w e w o s s u i t p e e ce, repr ch d him ith bitt r rd , tr ck h im o n the o w hi s a untle tte d a n a nd s m uth ith g h d, thu a s a l w n o n o r no t for u g ve the ign , hether inte ti al , the br tal s s s s na o n w c fo lo w a nd in w hi s o a a i ti hi h l ed , hich br ther the D o f o s n on n n n s of b ut uke Gl uce ter , the ly i etee year age ,

f r w a s R III . i s s to a n a n a te rd the cruel ichard , aid have t ke ’ a Th e n s o o d s s ns o f ctive part . Pri ce bl till tai the ﬂo r o the o in o s in The n in ro m a h u e the Church Street. ext mo rn g o ne Mo n a 6th n s o n s to but , d y the , the pri cipal pri er , the n o f fo t n w e o fo d - o r umber ur ee , er br ught be re a rum head c u t m o f w D o f o s w a s s n artial, hich the uke Gl uce ter pre ide t, ‘ fro m n w to u on and the ce they ere led immediate exec ti . On T s Ma 7 E w IV . a fo r o ue day , y , d ard dep rted W rces te r, a nd w ith the burial o f the s laughtered noblemen a nd gentlemen in the a bbey this s angui nary epis o de in its his o w a s o s But n t ry cl ed . o acco unt o f the blo o dshed within its w s w a s no t s for all , the abbey u ed divine s ervice for a w o on f w s w n a nd - h le m th a ter ard , he it the burial gr o und w on a ns a nd re - on Ma 30 ere cerem ially cle ed dedicated y , o s o f th e ona s r h i n at the c t m te y, av g been p o lluted w ith ’ o o B s o of D o wn a nd onno n bl d, by the i h p C r, acti g a s suf fra a n to B s o of o s g the i h p W rce ter . Th e o f b dy o the murdered yo ung Prince o f Wales w a s

n r n of o us buried at the e t a ce the ch ir, j t w es twar d o f the ’ D o f w s a nd uke War ick grave , a memorial bra s s w a s placed a s n ear the Spot a s could be gues s ed at the e nd of the las t

1 The e i s a F e nc M in h S. t r r h e public libra ry of Ghe nt which con ta ns a n a ccoun of the a e a nd a s i t b ttl , l o two conte mpora ry picture s one - e e s e nt n th e a e h e d the o e th r pr i g b ttl l , th r e e xe cution o f Som e rs e t a nd the e s in the re se nce o Edwa rd r t p f I V . An a ccoun of the MS w b e t . ill ’ found in Archae olo ia vol g , . xxi THE TE E 9 2 BATTLE OF WK SBURY .

n r No r o f a is no w to fo n ce tu y. t ace the gr ve be u d , but Sir William D ugd a le s ee ms to ha ve s een memo ria ls o f b o th the u Th o f D f n a nd . e s o o o s pri ce the d k e b die the uke S mer et ,

o o n o s Ea of D ons r a nd a L rd J h S mer et, the rl ev hi e , Sir W lter

o na a nd s o o e s o f o s w h o w sla n in C urte y, me th r th e ere i ’

a o r e a w . in . a s s the b ttle b he ded, ere buried St J me Chapel , ’ - ll a - o s so ca c d Ch pter h u e . Whether Lo rd Wenlo c k w a s a in a i s n n is no wn a l id the bbey u certai , but it k th t the

f o n of s w a s o to ri prio r o St . J h Jeru alem rem ved be bu ed n i o wn o a t nw ‘ H H i h s pri ry Clerke ell . Sir umphrey a dley ‘ a nd Sir Edmund Ha va rd w ere bo th b urye d in the bo dy o f s ona s chur ch e c a a s c b e the ayd m tery lled the p ri h chur h , ’ ’ a ir o n D hi s t o s . s a nd o ides S . Ge rge Ch ppell S J h elve s s n ’ ur e d s o n in w ere bo th b y bes ide St . J h s Chappell the s ayd

s chur ch e a nd th e r b o d e s a f w s a n f o pari h , y y ter ard t ke r m ’ n to o w n c o untre a w u the ce their y . Sir Willi m Ne b ry w a s ‘ buried in the parish c hurch bes ide the font o n the s o uth ’ ’ r H n ra tte le in n B M . W s . o s s a s ide . e ry y St J h apti t Ch pel on s ou s d of o n s a r o f the th i e the m a tic p t the church . Others are mentio ned a s being buried in di vers pla c es in c a nd a the chur h churchy rd .

& n M 21 E w a IV To f n n O a . w o o o y , d rd reached the er L d , a nd n o n n H n V I — s on of f the ext m r i g e ry . the victo r o A nc o u n w h o h a d o c for o -n n gi rt, the ki g c upied f rty i e years — the thro ne of his fa ther a nd hi s gra ndfa ther w a s fo und in his r s on- h in s fo s dead p i c amber the ame rtre s .

A m onum e nt a t the e a st e nd of the s outh a isl e ha s b e e n usua lly ca e d ha of th e u e of om e s e b ut th e Be a ufo a m s w e e e n ll t t D k S r t, rt r r th , a s e s a re os e o f F a nce a nd En a nd ua e a nd the sh e d th y till , th r gl q rt rly, i l o n h s om e a s a on a m a n a nd he wa s u e d e ond d ou in t i t b b r li r p t, b ri , b y bt, f a m e s a d f the w c ha n I th e c a e O . no w O a c . t is ro h p l St J , rth r W r i k try p a the om of Sir Thoma s Mo e who m a e d nne da u e Of b bly t b rl y, rri A , ght r dw a d Lo d D e s e nce r the ne e n n h a nd w dow of Hu E r , r p ( k li g k ig t), i gh , L d 1 h s Mo e a on a m n o d Ha s n s a nd d e in 1 4 . T e a m o f a r ti g , i 7 r rl y, li r p t, ’ s a . c owne d or a re on one of the sh e ds a t Lo d D e s e nce r s fe e in r , i l r p t the Re s e gi t r.

E 9 4 LIFE IN TH MONASTERY . o r B o T o s w h o o n s a nd fo r w h o s r ther h ma , died uch a day, e s o ul pra yers w ere to be Offered by the s urvivo rs that the w o a n m T L ord the Judge uld h ve mercy upo the . here are m a ny o f u s w h o w o uld be very much dis inclined to live the ' s c a nd a w o k n s h a th e on s w h o a ceti h rd r i g live t t m k did , w ould be very gla d to die a s they did ; even if dea th cam e upon them a s they w ere s tretched up on a bed a s na rro w a nd a a s a o f n a nd no n in s tw o o r h rd c fi , had thi g their ight but o o s tw o o r o on s a nd o f three b k , three br ther m k , the figure R on o ss their edeemer the Cr . The Benedictines — a nd the Tewkesbury m o nks belonged — o o o t their rder w ere a lways a very indus trio us ra c e . S me Of o u s w o o n n s on n to on s r rked the la d bel gi g the m a tery, l o oked a fter a herd o f a b o ut 100 cattle a nd a flo c k o f a o 200 s w 300 o r 400 s a nd o o o f b ut heep , ith pig , a g d deal f m a s a ns a nd o . o O u a p ultry S me the c ltivated c bb ge , be , s a a s in a ns a nd a s fe w of o w s a l d the g rde , perh p a the fl er th t ‘ a n n a nd w o m a n n fo u b s a nd s o s delighted m ki d ki d be re b l , rt ,

nd b a - n s f r o m o f a a w o o s a w a o . re k j h th u e me , ere c red S e a s o w n to a w w o o a ow them l e t m rket ith the l , the lard , the t ll , the s kins a nd the hides tha t w ere provided by their ﬂo ck s a nd herds ; a nd in the year 1 385 they s old 80 s hillings worth o f w o o 40 a o ns o f a n on 38 s o n s l , g ll l rd at eightpe ce a gall , t e o f a o w a t i n a s on 1 6 7 s ns a t a f n t ll e ghtpe ce t e, ki three h l pe ce a nd 41 a t w o nc f nn a w 373 hi s o f each , t pe e hal pe y e ch , ith de o n w f c ﬁft - n o e o n s . xe , hich et hed y p u d And a s o n s s a s w a s o o ow m k mu t eat ell ther pe ple , h ever

a s c m a a s h a d to b n b a ck ceti they y be, the m rketer ri g their a s s f l in a n In s o f o s ca s b ket u l exch ge . the ﬂe h p rker , lve ,

a nd s for f n s a nd fo r a f-m ss s a nd fo r o pig , ryi g h l e e , d uble ’ nc s a t s a s o f a n pitta e , ever l time the ye r , they expe ded the o s sum of - nd n luxuri u thirty eight s hillings a threepe ce . But o n t s a nd a m s a nd r d o ns heir eel , their l prey , thei gu ge ,

a nd in s w a fe w s a on for a n no w a nd their herr g , ith lm cha ge

n a nd n n o s - oa s of s a fish fo r n w c o s the , i e h r e l d lt Le t ( hi h c t o n s s n a u a s f n o n s them five p u d ) , they pe t s m ch fi tee p u d N THE M N TER WORK I O AS Y . 9 5 to r sh n s in wh a s for s oo m e n u illi g the year ; ile egg , the g d a s n a s for w fo n o s ate ma y hich they paid urtee p und , w o s to n 200 o r te n nn w o on hich c me early , pe y rth , am g them d a s a nd s n c fo r a n every y Fi h egg are very i e cha ge , but if s o o f us d a f a nd s of f o r me had them y a ter day , a lice bee

on o n no w a nd n w e s o s ra s a n o mutt ly the , h uld perhap i e ech ’ o f i ri s on n Ab é s n w h o o w fon the mp ed Fre ch b lame t , , h ever d

’ T u ws e rdmw s of c o ut o oz . game , ried j p at la t But farm w ork a nd garden w ork engaged o nly a fe w of - T h on s a nd la r n. o s w o w the m k , chieﬂy the y breth e h e ere w ca a nd on s s a w a ell edu ted , the clerical m k e peci lly, ere d ily n st s E hi s o wn s s at w o rk i the Cloi er . ach had little rece w w n ow in su a s ou s s e e o s ith a i d it, ch y may till at Gl uce ter, ’ a nd d s o n w w o o s s s there he had a e k hich he r te gl e , that is o n i s o n B a nd o o o n w o s , c mme tar e the ible, ther dev ti al rk o r w r o o ut s o o s B s r a om s he e he c pied ervice b k , ible , g e t t e o f fa s a o o o s to s the ther , educ ti nal b k , all keep up a upply w hich w a s eno rm o us even in th e da ys w hen each page had to w n o o s o n a n ns a o f n be ritte lab ri u ly p rchme t , i te d bei g

n in s a s s Th e B ne n pri ted fro m type a te m pre . e dicti e o s w a s in fa w s s n fa c o of o o s Cl i ter , ct, al ay a bu y ma u t ry b k o s e n a nd l a o on n auth r, crib , bi der, il umin t r , all c gregati g there to s upply the w ants of the mo na s tery a nd o f the o uter w orld a nd do ubtles s a go o dly number o f bo oks w ent fo rth fro m the clo is ter o f Tewkesbury to carry light a nd refresh n to n r f It is s r n to n me t ma y a g ate ul reader . t a ge thi k o f s uch a busy s cene go ing o nyear by year w here no w— thanks to our no n a nd o ous fo fa s a ns o f ig ra t c vet re ther , the Purit — the s ixteenth a nd s eventeenth centuries there is no thing to n c o w f n be s ee but a eedi g . But B n c n s w not on a n n s o s ra the e edi ti e ere ly i du tri u ce, n s s T w n a s fa s o s a d . rmer , auth r , cribe hey ere ever a prayi g to s n o n ai n in o n s race , the key their live bei g c t ed the m ki h ‘ ’ o o La b o ra re e t a . n s s n m tt , Or re Seve time at lea t, duri g

da a nd n o f w run in f o o the y ight , all them ere g r m the h me ﬁ s or C o s s o r or o to eld , the l i ter , the d mit ry, take their place ER 9 6 DEVOTION IN THE MONAST Y .

‘ in s a s and o ff s ic o f a s c in the t ll , er up a erv e pr i e , hieﬂy the w ords o f the Ps alms (w hich they s ung o ver o nc e every w to in s o c s a s s fo on eek) , pray uch c lle t till rm the backb e o f o ur s to a t s a a nd to public prayer , he r the Scrip ure re d , in s of s a nts listen to the exa mples s e t them the live the i . T s in on to o n o f Ho hi , additi a public celebrati the ly & E c a s s in s n o f w o ona s u h ri t, aid the pre e ce the h le m tery

o n n a nd to m a n s a a t o m s o f : every m r i g, y id ther ti e the d a a o n s in o o on fo Go d y by the cleric l m k c mmem rati , be re , o f s o s of a o f Te wke s é the ul the dep rted , chieﬂy the departed a nd its na bury mo stery . n n n f r Thus the a bbey a nd its i mate s w e t o o the best. n a s f n n a o ns o r s o o f part of ﬁve hu dred ye r . Fi tee ge er ti Benedic tine monk s o ccu pied s uc c es s ively the cells of th e d o i o s e s s o f c o s s s a s of rm t rie , the d k the l i ter , the t ll the m T n c u c a nd s o f . o h r h , the grave the ce etery here are

a o ns o f n n to o w tr diti evil cli gi g their mem ry, hile their

a u f a n s a s to u s a d o ns o f o o be ti ul bbey, eve yet, pe k tr iti g d , n And if c nc w e S o if a ll o ther vo ic es w ere s ile t . by ha e h uld c o me a cro s s a fra gment of st one o n w hich lo ving ha nds h a d e ’ ns fo r so u o f oBr o th e r o n i s i cribed Pray ye y le J h , there 7 a ny reas on w hy w e Should think of Bro ther Jo hn w ith s u o s o n o r n f o hi s m o a w c o n peri r c r , tur r m me ri l ith temp tuo us ge sture & IS there no reas o n w hy w e sho uld fe e l f a cha rita b le impu ls e to Sh o w o ur fello w s hip w ith him in th e co mm union o f s a ints by d o ing w ha t w e a re a sked to d o fo r

& o ur a fu a nd n s o s s n o on a s pr yer l i du tri u Chri tia br ther, m k he w a s But the time ca me w hen no mo re generatio ns o f mo nk s w to w o in o s to a in th e a b e o r to ere rk the cl i ter, pr y b y, s o f a a u s in c a n n s o f leep the sleep L z r the emetery . W r i g a n h a d n s o un n a o n m fo r a n a s ch ge bee di g r u d the m y ye r , a nd a t a s a s o o s a nd in s a fo a no l t they c me cl e , uch rm , th t ne w monk s c a me to the a bbe y ; a nd a s th e o ld o ne s died o ff o n w a s d c to a o fo w c wa s , the c mmu ity re u ed b ut rty, hi h o no t u r r o f h s num e r ss pr bably a q a te t eir u ua l b , and le

9 8 DOMESTIC BUILDINGS To BE SPARED;

‘ The surre nder o f the abbey a nd its po s s es sio ns to the ’ u s f n s Ma s a nd o f hi s s a nd s s so s e o the Ki g je ty, heir ucce r ’ fo r i s a n a r 9 1 539 a nd is sa to ever, d ted Ja u y , , id be the n s Its nn v a w a s s e t la test o f a ll such s urre der . a ual lue n 1 d 1 44l. 3 0 f 5 5l 1 s 6d 0 8 . . 5 . . o n a s 1 9 . d w being , leavi g , a ter

a n o f ns ons w c f in a nd the p yme t the pe i ( hich qui kly ell ) , n nc n in sum s w w a s so to ot i ludi g that the ite , hich ld E a nd a s f r 2284l T o s o o . h ma Str ud, Walter rle , J me Paget , a f a n s The d nor the c pita l value o the bbey buildi g . s che ule n s i s e t o ut o f thes e buildi g s thus .

& Hous e s a nd buildin s a ssi ne d to re m a in nnd e a oe cl g g f .

‘ The o n Ne w a a n f o the l dgi g called the W rke , le di g r m ’ to o s o n w n gate the late abb t l dgi g, ith buttery, pa try, c n a a nd a s r o d o n n ellar, kitchi g , l rder p t y theret a j i i g . ’ The o s o n h oste r a n late abb t l dgi g, the y, the great g te e ter in n o ou w o n o s a : g i t the c rt, ith the l dgi g ver the me the ’ o s s a a o s w o s a nd s ous abb t t ble , b keh u e, bre h u e laughterh e , n d a o s n n A n the almery, bar , iry h u e , the great bar ext ve , the a n - o s w n s in s a o x- o s in m lti g h u e, ith the gar er the me, the h u e ’ Ba on Ba on- a nd o n o s the rt , the rt gate, the l dgi g ver the ame . ’ But w it-h this care to pres erve the abb o t s ma nsion ﬁnd the do mestic buildings belonging to it there wa s a mar

‘ P K a rdi R c a d Gode s ton hilip ﬂl i h r .

' h n b r T om a s T or e n ze . T om a s Cra ne borne h h .

He n Worce s te r . o n We lne s oral ry J h f .

' R cha d Cke lte nlza m. e xa nd e Be le i r Al r y . G s Ma o e w e . R a d mb n il rl ich r Wi o rn.

It i s s n u a a nd e s a sus c onof fictitious ne ss to the do cume n i g l r, giv pi i t - a one of e s e na m e s os e in a cs a re the na m e s of ma no s th t thirty th , th it li , r e on n to th e a e of b e ne fice s in its a ona e or of a ce s f om b l gi g bb y, p tr g , pl r i e e e d e s All the o e a which t r c iv tith . the r ight re na m e s o f pla ce s in th e d oce s e of o ce s e in w c the a e wa s s ua e d e e e s i W r t r, hi h bb y it t . W r th e pe nsio ne rs m e n of s tra w & And w e re the re a l mo nks s e nt a drift pe nni l e ss & No hypo the sis of fra ud or crim e could go be yond the re a l fra uds a nd cri m e s committe d by the iniquitous me n who ma na ge d th e dissolu o n of the m ona s e e ti t ri s. ' THE CH R H DEEMED ER U C SUP FLUOUS . 99 vellons c ontempt for all connected w ith the go o d wo rks for -w hich the a bbey w a s maintained : a nd the first entry in th e next s chedule is eminently cha racteristic o f the go d less s pirit by w hich tho s e engaged in th e dis s o lutio n of the n a Th e a of E s f m o a steries w ere anim ted . F ther vil him el a w n a nd no o ui ns of might h ve ritte it , d ubt he g ded the pe o s who di d so th e .

r u D e e m e d to be supe ﬂ ous .

Th e w ch a e ls c o s s o s church , ith pp , l i ter , chapterh u e , mi Se rie ord tw o o o s inﬁrm a r w a s , the d rmit rie , the y, ith ch pel a nd o d n s w n s w o o s w no l gi g ithi the ame the rkh u e, ith a ther o us o n n to s on n - n h e adj i i g the ame, the c ve t kitche , the ’ old h o ste r s o n ne w library, the y, the chamberer l dgi g, the ’ old o a o n n to o s o n hall, the parl r dj i i g the abb t l dgi g ; the ’ s o n o - o s n a cellarer l dgi g, the p ultry h u e , the gar er, the lmery, ’ u n n n t and all o ther h o s es a d lo dgi gs above o res erved . It n a l s o f eed h rdly be added that the be l , eight them , w o to o wn w of ere rdered be melted d , ith the lead all the ro ofs : that the jewels w ere res erved to the u s e o f the ’ n s M s a s w a s of s r o n Ki g aje ty, ell all the plate ilve , r a ’ n s o nd n f s a s o . me t , c pe , every thi g el e value Thu s it w a s intended that all connected w ith the s ervic e of Go d in divine w o rs hip a nd w ith the c a re o f the o o s o s o a nd no n o f p r h uld be utterly de tr yed , that thi g the ’ o o s n s s o u n o s o s gl ri u buildi g h ld remai except the abb t h u e , w w a s to or to n to so n n o f hich be let , be give me depe de t o t the c ur . But there i s a Providence a b ove all the evil intentio ns o f m n It ha s s o a n e . h ppe ed tha t w hile a ll w hic h w a s thus n n to s h a s s s w a i te ded be re erved utterly pa ed a y, the church a nd chapels w hich w ere deemed superﬂu o us h a ving b e en ‘ s n f H s um s c a s o n III for 453 l. ub eque tly pur h ed e ry V . (a

n to o n 5 000l o f o ur m e a re s equivale t m re tha , . ti e) th y till

This m os t dis gra ce ful a ct of the crown i s illus tra te d by the a gre e me nt on which th e s ubse que nt l e tte rs pa te nt for the s a le wa s found e d HE M TERY AND ITS END 100 T ONAS .

’ o o f o s w o sh a nd o o f T w s r the h me G d r ip the gl ry e ke bu y, n in a n s o f nk though no lo ger the h d mo s .

The o ld o de c a n e h e d n a ce to ne w r r h g t , yi l i g pl , ’ And Go d fu s H m se f in ma n w a s lﬁl i l y y .

The m onk s did their duty under the guida nce o f a go o d o e nc fo r n n o n a nd w o w a s Pr vid e ma y a ge erati , yet their rk ’ tha t o f a n o ld o rder ripe fo r change w hen they pas s ed wa If w e ha d a t T w s to now a nd a y . lived e ke bury k them w o a t e s w e s o u no o s n their rk the b t, h ld d ubt have ee their

a r a w f n o f n ns e e t dep ture take pl ce ith a eeli g i te e r gr , Af w on to o b a d s u o n the ter they ere g e, , time came p c a nd S u a n s s o f o w no chur h , the pirit l i tere t the pe ple ere m ere ca red fo r by the po w ers w hich dro ve a w a y the m o nk s a nd a ppro pria ted a ll the endo wments o f the a b bey tha n if o h a d n s o a n s a nd o s But a a n the pe ple bee m y cat d g . g i ‘ ’ old o e a n s o a o f e o the rd r ch geth , the pa t r l care the p ple i s w o fo r f s n o w n s d n ell pr vided by re h e d me t , the ivi e s ervice o f the noble s a nctuary i s o ffe red w ith ca re a nd o a nd fo a o f ns s n l ve, the rmer be uty the mi ter revive u der the ha nds o f its res to rers to d e cla re tha t there i s a c o n tinuit o f h c f f o Old o to ne w no s s y c ur h li e r m the rder the , le tha n there i s a co ntinuity o f ma teria l existe nc e in the w a lls o f the w ell enduring fabric from the twelfth to the w n h n t e tiet ce tury .

‘ 2 4 Die unu Anne 3 4. For the a s ne s f Te w e s u m o O Me . J p ri hi r k b ry, ’ The sa id pa ris hione rs sha ll b uy of the king s highne ss th e o ne pa rt of th e s a d c u c W i th e c o c oss a s e c a e s e e s a nd i h r h, th h ir, r i l , h p l , r v try, s e e e a nd a s o the o n e a d a s s m e a nd s o ne o f the s a m e t pl , l ir , l , gl , ti b r, t , o e e a s o w a ll the ound a nd so of the s a m e a nd a s o the t g th r l ith gr il , l chu ch a d a nd a ll o h e the e m s e s for the s um o f 4é 3l to b e a d r y r , t r, pr i , p i n f m fo w in a i s to s a h h e fe a s Of Ea i o o i n a nd 2 0 0l. a t t s e r ll g ; th t y , , t t r m n 0l a nd a tth e fe a s f th o f our Lo d God n ne co 10 . O e Na e xt i g , t, tivity r th n 3l a nd th e s a d a r to e a a nd ﬁnd th ne xt followi g 1 5 . ; i p rishione s b r e ’ RYC e a a o ns o f th e s a d chu ch e e ua RYCHARD HE. r p r ti i r p rp t lly .

Th e sum hus ua a n e e d w a s ha a t w c th e e a d s ua e t g r t t t hi h l , q r d a l fe e a t 3 1 11 a nd th e e e s w e n oun s t l 42 . we e t, ight b ll , ighi g p , , r n th o u f u me n a o ns va lue d i e C rt O A g t ti .

R D HE BBEY A WALK OUN T A . 10 1

A WALK R O UND THE ABBE Y

THE o rdinary appro ach to the abbey is by a pa thway a n to o c a nd s thr ough the churc hyard le di g the p r h, thu s n to o ur w T s w a s the no rth s ide is the ﬁrs t pre e ted vie . hi a s o f c in nc n a s als o the paro chi l ide the hurch a ie t d y , the ’ p o rch being pro vided fo r the pari s hio ners ; w hile the

m o n s w o s o s n s w to s o of k , h e d me tic buildi g ere the uth the a n r n o s s a nd s bbey, had their e t a ce by the cl i ter the till magniﬁcent do o rw ay w hich led from them into the s outh f n a isle o the ave .

THE N RTH IDE O S .

L o oking at the church o n this s ide w e Obs erve a nave o f o ns n n n o n c iderable le gth , the li e u br ke except by the porch a nd a s o litary buttre s s o f late erectio n half w a y nd n Th e w o f betw een it a the tra s ept . indow s the ais le a nd of the clere-s to ry are not tho s e which o riginally pierced No a n w s o f fo n n d a nd the rm all , but urtee th ce tury ate ; their ins ertion m us t have much diminished the mas sive s n o f w s re nd e rIn a n n s s tre gth the all , g i termediate buttre r w n r ns n Th neces sa y bet ee the t a ept a d the p o rch . e o rigina l w indo w s w ere do ubtless s imilar to tho s e in the r ns a nd o w a nd s a s s s n in t a ept t er , uch may till be ee the a a Th e a n n nave o f D urham C thedr l . cie t ro of w a s remo ved a nd the pres ent o ne s ubs tituted at a much low er pitch in 1 20 w s n n a nn a 7 ; the e ter gable bei g ihil ted . Th e po rch is a larger o ne than is o ften m e t w ith in Nor n s nd o no t to man buildi g ; a , th ugh equal that of 10 2 R ND THE BBEY A WALK OU A .

M s A i s n in its o or on alme bury bbey, very gra d pr p ti s . It ha s a n na a nd a n n n o o w a o n exter l i ter al d r y , b th bei g cir c ula r a nd o ns s in o f s o n s s o , c i t g everal m uldi g , upp rted on a f a in a w s n T s s h ts s the gre t e ter arch . he e mouldings are

s no t hi n a n o f o n m n a quite imple, ex biti g y the r a e t l s culp s o o f n fo n in No n oo w a s s a s ture te u d rma d r y , uch the s u s o s M s r o r th e o a c a s ns cript re hi t rie at alme bu y, z di l ig a t Ifﬂe n 1 s a o f y . Over the exter al arch ﬁgure the Bles s ed n a nd Ho t a Virgi her ly Child, much mu il ted by thos e wh o o o for a n o o f o a nd w no a n i t k it id l p pery, ere ig r t that t i s a symbo l of the Inca rnatio n in w hich the Mo ther per s onifying the Church pres ents the holy Jes us to us a s the c f a o n o bje t o do rati . On the w all o f the trans ept m a y be s een the traces of a gro ined ro o f w hich belonged to a building o f fo ur bays a ha o a n s s Of th t s a lt gether v i hed . Further relic this build ing are to be no ticed in the three beautiful ea rly English a rches a nd their sha fts w hich rema in on the w estern w all o f a n a s n a s nn the ch pel beyo d . Wh t thi buildi g w ca o t n n It m a a b n s n at pres e t be determi ed . y h ve ee a di ti ct a w a s a n o nn s w ch pel , but pl i ly c ected by the three arche ith T s s s o a s o n s w r a . o w the ea t a d ch pel here eem me re , h ever, for n w a s a t believi g that it a chapel dedic ted o St .

E s us w c w a s o H n Ba n u tachi , hi h built by Pri r e ry de bury a nd e c o n 2 0 f a s o f a s a n in d di ated September , the e t th t i t , th 1 246 A s a a n o w o f c o ns e year . qu re c mpa ile t er iderable s s o o n fe w a s a o on s o f s c o o ize t d u til a ye r g the ite the h l, a nd it is p o s s ible that there w a s a range o f buildings b e f w w a w n it a nd c O s s s . t ee the hurch , hich thi the la t trace The no rth trans ept o riginally ended ea stw a rd in a n

s a to s n n In s o ns ap e simil r that till remai i g the uth tra ept, f N T n o . o s s a nd this w a s desig ated the chapel St ich la . hi la tter w a s taken do wn ab out 12 3 7 a nd a s quare chapel n its s r o Si ton n o f w fo erected o ite by P i r p , the pla hich rmed

o n o n of ns s w . T s w a s a n a pro l gati the tra ept ea t ard hi gai , n ft r w s the o o f a nd not lo g a e ard , enlarged by additi n

THE WEST FRONT. 10 3

o f s its no n s w ano ther equal ize at rther ide , hich w a s s f N t a s T s o . o dedica ted o St . J me . he e chapel St ich las n a m s a n s n fo r c a a d . o s St J e h ve bee mi take a h pter h u e , a nd w for n a s s a s s o o n ere ma y ye r u ed a grammar ch l, bei g ff f entirely w a lled o ro m the church .

HE E T R NT T W S F O .

Returning w es tw a rd a nd turning round the co rner beyond the p o rch w e c ome upo n the beautiful arch w hich f n a f o f w s n f on It i s o rm s the pri cip l eature the e ter r t . a o ft s s 65 f a nd 34 f w n s n l y rece eet high eet ide , ﬂa ked by eve ‘ c o ns o n s e O o s a o f w lum either ide, ev ry pp ite p ir hich a dva nce nea rer to each o ther until the o pening beco mes a o a f w w i s w w a b ut h l the idth here it ﬁlled up ith the ll , a t f f o f on T s w is no w w 9 eet r m the r t . hi all pierced ith a n l w o w of s n s w w a s perpe dicu ar ind eve light , hich erected in 1 686 to s upply the place of a n ea rlier o ne that had been o w n o wn in 1 6 61 a nd w s a o n o o n bl d , ith a m ll p i ted d r havi g a n o o o o n On a s o f s n n gee h d m uldi g . e ch ide the eve rou d arches w hich s urmo unt the co lumns the w a ll i s deco ra ted w o o f s No n s a nd a c ith a d uble arcade mall rma arche , at e h

o n is r a nd . nna o f a fo m c r er there a tur et pi cle very peculi r r , the o w o on o f a n o f No n w o l er p rti e ch bei g rma rk, but the S a t pire part very much l er .

But s w s n f on ﬁne a s is ha s n r thi e ter r t , it , dege e ated

a f o o n s n o f No a n a gre tly r m the rigi al de ig the rm rchitec t . There is s ome rough mas onry in the s outh c leres to ry w hich

S o w s a w s n o w s w on a d a nd a h th t e ter t er ere c templ te , th t

s e rr s w a n f - o s s t f r the mall r tu et ere a ter th ught , ub titu ed o to w s a s w n s i w a s a dd t the er , perh p , he the p re ed o the centra l tow er a s being mo re suitable fo r the size o f the 2 A n . s s o s t n s s n is church thi ble arch a d at pre e t , it ex

The inne rmo st of the se i s burie d in th e w a ll o f p e rp e ndicula r da te c no w s u h e O e n n whi h ﬁll p t p i g . 2 The e we e Once h e e ow e s owe e to a muc sma e r r r t r t r , h v r, h ll R ND THE BBEY 10 4 A WALK OU A .

m e l fu in s f ha s a n o a nd tre y beauti l it el , but it inc mplete ’ ’ n ons e n a a n s n to w n ra zs on d élre i c que ti l appear ce , eemi g a t a , a w for its n In o n a nd being to o l rge a je el s etti g . the rigi a l c o mp o s itio n there w o uld be a ma s s o f su ppo rt o n either it w w o ne w a a nd s ide of hich uld give it a be uty, the arch

s no t for s f o n a s of s w o uld exi t it el al e, but member a w e t ns s n a nd a n front a lto gether co i te t gr d . In thes e tw o w es tern tow ers the bells w o uld no d oubt n un n l o w n o n n a have bee h g, the ce tra t er bei g kept pe e rly to the top ; but w he n the change o f de sign to o k pla ce a a n or f o w w a s o n th e no of Camp ile , bel ry t er, erected rth the c w k s n a m a n of s chur h , hich (li e the ple did c p ile Sali bury) o o o nl in 1 1 w a s s 8 7. de tr yed, th ugh y the year

THE UTH SIDE SO .

This s ide of the abbey church is no w a s much expos ed to w a s the no n nt w a s d n in vie rth, but a cie ly it hid e , a great o s s a nd o n n u n s w degree, by the cl i ter the c ve t al buildi g hich

a a nd t n o f ro s e b ove them abut ed upo the w all the church . It w a s n fo n n to s o o in ever, there re , i te ded be c mpletely s a s i s s n a nd a n a n ight it at pre e t , the rather bl k ppeara ce i s i s s o n r o f t w all thu acc u ted fo . The clo i s ters o ccupied a s qua re o f abo ut eighty feet length o n each s ide ; but there a r e trac es o n the w all o f the aisle o f the b a rrel vault of s o me la rge hall w hich extended o n w s n s w o n a s n bey d them at their e ter ide, hile their e ter s w o s n o s fe o o r a ide uld ta d the chapter h u e the re ct ry, gre t h a s o n s o s a nd n all, perh p , ccupyi g the uth ide the pri cipal o s n s tw o o o s s hou s e o r d me tic buildi g , the d rmit rie , the gue t n t n n n o s l . o o a w s s h te ry, etc , exte ded bey d the g te ay till ta di g ‘ r m i w nd A fe w a s a o m n fo n o n no t fa fro ts est e . ye r g a y u dati

m na s c c u c a o f . ohn a t e s e On one a we s e n o . ti h r h, th t St J Ch t r ly , t r he m s e a e u n of ha n ow e s u e s t o e ous e Of Go d . t r, rviv i r bl r i t t bl h The b uildings o f a m ona s te ry like Te wke sbury w e re ve ry la rge a nd m H a nu e ous . OW a e m s b e se e n a t u a m W e e the m on s r l rg y till D rh , h r k

H DE 1 5 THE SOUT SI . 0

w s s r f w w o n o f all exi ted unde the tur , hich uld have bee grea t value in determining the po sitio ns w hich the va rio us buildings o c c upied but they w ere remo ved fo r the purp o s e o f n s f o f a nd is levelli g the ur ace the ﬁeld , it believed that n little ne w remains o f such valuable archaeo lo gical evide ce . But the w all o f the ais le still s how s that the fo urteenth century c lo isters w hich exis ted at the dis s o lution o f the mona stery w ere o f a character s imi lar to tho s e at Glo u e s te r The s n n s o f fa n n s n in c . pri gi g the vaulti g till remai w a o w r n n o f a s the ll, t gether ith the a caded pa elli g th t ide ; w hile the noble tabernacled do orway s till tells th e height of n the vaulti g . s s f if o f on s n Out ide the church it el , the l e the m k ce tred on this so uthern s ide w here the cloisters s to o d a nd s o m e ’ — w here near the spo t perhaps in the s pa ce enclo s ed by the fo ur aisle s o f the clo is ters — mo s t o f them w ere laid in the r Iti s n to c o o n s ns a nd o o nf n g av e . puzzli g mm e e c mm eeli g that every trace of the m e n a nd o f their s plendid buildings s ho uld have been s o co mpletely sw ept aw a y ; a nd one c a n. no t w o n n w in to o s l r help deri g hether, time c me , imi ar uth les s des truction o f our public buildings by private pers ons w ill ever again be permitted . Among the buildings enumerated by the co mmis sio ners

s s o o n i s a o w n on at the di luti , there gr up hich evide tly bel ged to s o on of n o s a thi p rti the abbey, amely, the cl i ter, ch pter ’ f M rm o s . s fa ur inﬁrm h u e , ratry, St ichael chapel, hall , y [ ’ All r a r a nd o s . s ca n s n y] , gateh u e the pa ticular that at pre e t s o s n s l n s s o n ns be di c vered re pecti g the e bui di g , mu t be c de ed o s a n n o wn nn s int the t teme t ha ded d by the abbey a al , that in the year 1 259 the chapter ho us e w a s ne wly paved a t ns o f on n r 2 the expe e the c ve t, and that in the yea 1 43 the r n dormito y had bee rebuilt . d o m o ha s a e e e n a dde d to the s e nd d cha e a a nd i s r it ry l t ly b pl i pt r libr ry , the on e s oom in En a nd e ce e s m ns e Ha The ld l g t r gl x pt W t i t r ll . O ga te w a y of Durha m Abbe y is still use d a s the e ntra nce to the s qua re in ’ w c the ca nons house s ha e re a c e d the mona st c u d n s hi h v pl i b il i g . H 1 LK R ND THE BBEY 0 6 A WA OU A .

THE E ST END A . .

The o of o r w its s o n c exteri r the ch i , ith urr undi g hapels, i s sin a a fu o u its a is in s o d e gul rly be uti l , th gh be uty me gre e

a c n w n tw o a s nm o s o n s m rred by the va a cy bet ee the e ter t e , w a i s s a d to a s o o A u here the L dy chapel i h ve t d . ltho gh

a f o its o i n No n a a c e much ltered r m r gi al rma ch r t r, the o rigina l a p sidal fo rm h a s b e en reta ined by the fo urte e nth c n a h s a w l s n s u s d f r e tury rc itect, three tr ight a l bei g b titute o

c uI v e d o ne w i o na n d c o no the h ch rigi lly e de the h ir, ble

a d w n o w s fo r sm a o n a s a nd a tr cerie i d ll r u d he ded light ,

o o n a a a o a ll w o o k s a l vely pe p r pet dded ab ve , hich l like fr n f a c Th e s i ge o petriﬁed l e . ymmetry o f th e w ho le i s muc h diminished by the lo w ered pitc h o f the ro of— the mediaeva l o ne ha ving been repla ced b y tha t no w exis ting in

1 603— a s s a n s c o e s n s a ﬁne a m yet , it t d , the h ir pr e t ex ple o f w ha t m a y be do ne by o utli ne a nd the co mbina ti o n o f c o mpa ratively s imple elements in archite ctura l c o m po s i on ti . Th e p o lygona l chapels s urroundi ng the cho ir a ppea r to ’ h v fo m o f c s o na d s n w n a e r ed part the . archite t rigi l e ig he c ons c n o . T a r e no w in nu m b tru ti g the ch ir hey ﬁve er, but n e c a n . no o a s w a s nd e d if no t th re be &d ubt th t a ixth i te , a u a c -e d in s a c b w n tw o e a s n o s ct lly ere t , the p e et ee the ter m t

f uc a i s o on in fo n u o . c c s them . S h chevet c mm reig h r he , but the o nly ins ta nce in Engla nd o f a n exa ctly s im ila r

n e n i s a o f A b a t s m ns e e w e n arra gem t, th t the b ey We t i t r, b t e the w hole c ho ir of w hic h a nd tha t o f Tewke sbury there m a a s n o f a n i s a very re rk ble re embla ce pl . Tha t a cha pel w a s inte nded in this Spa c e is beyo nd do ubt ; that it w a s built a t the sa me time w ith the o thers i s e ro a a nd w a o s c a nl in extrem ly p b ble , it ould lm t ert i y be , s o s o n o f o no a to th e B e s s e d n uch a p iti h ur , dedic ted l Virgi T w a s a a a d o nin th e sb M a . e ry here a L dy ch pel j i g pre yt ry,

a a s o T n c a a r e s o m e m e s th t c lled al the ri ity h pel, but there ti t o a c s in a s i s s in B s o w L dy hapel a church, the ca e ri t l

E ND 1 THE AST E . 0 7

T r Fo r a nd n w w s . Ca thedral , there evide tly ere at e ke bu y ‘ ’ ’ there wa s a cha pla in o f O ur La dy s chapel amo ng the

ns on o ff a t R fo on a nd s l in mo nk s pe i ed the e rmati , thi tit e dica te s a p o s itio n o f mo re imp orta nce than tha t o f a chantry

s The a in w c D c s s o f a n w a s prie t . v ult hi h the u he Cl re ce b uried is als o s a id to have been ma de at the ba ck o f the ’ in on f M s a a nd it s s to a a f o . high lt r, r t St ary ch pel ; eem be dis tinguished fro m the s m a ller La dy c ha pel by being ’ a a a B a a Ma ri ae e e cle si ce cone e ntua lis a s if to c lled C pell e t e , a nd n ta a a n T ne a s a c o . deﬁ it public hapel, priv te ch try here is a tra dition tha t the La dy cha pel w a s 100 feet lo ng (s evera l f o n a of o a nd a o s a eet m re tha th t the ch ir), lth ugh thi tr di o n i s no t a a o n the a s n m a re re ti tr ce ble bey d l t ce tury, it y p n f a a At s a i i n s ent o e o e rlie r d te . the me t me there s o relia ble evidence o f fo undatio n w alls ever being unco vered nd ca d a c a o f s o a a s a nd i s no that i i te h pel l rge ize , there u n a f n to a n s U on do c me t ry re ere ce y uch . p the who le it s eems pro ba ble tha t a c ha pel s imila r to the o thers o rigina lly o u d w is no w a v a ca nt s o a w a s ul d o n cc pie hat p t , th t it p le d w s h o rtly before the dis s o lutio n fo r the purpo s e o f erecting a o S n o ne in its a nd a m re ple did place , that the l tter w a s n o s e a ever co mpleted . S me clu t red pill rs a nd Springings o f the gro ined ceiling a r e s till visible a s a l s o a re the w es tern

a s o f tw o a w in o w s o n w c a j mb t ll d , hi h are the m rk s indi ca ting Where the iro ns betw een the mullio ns have been W n a o o a k- a f n re ched way . S me le a d ac o rn ca pitals give indications o f very beautiful details : a nd if the chapel w a s

c o of s a o n n a d ever mpleted the ize tr diti ally i dic te , it mu s t

r a a s of o s H e fo a nd have iv lled the Lady ch pel Gl uce ter, er rd , Lichﬁe ld ; a nd mu s t have added very greatly to the beauty o f o w n a nd w o the church , b th ithi ith ut .

THE T WER O .

A short dista nce from the no rth-e a s t co rner of the abbey is a lso th e s s o f o w to s e e n o be t p t r m hich the ce tral t wer, H 2 1 8 K R ND THE BBEY 0 A WAL OU A . w i s 1 32 f h a nd 46 f s w hich eet igh , eet quare here it j oins fo f h the ur arms o the churc . Th e height a nd the o rna mental character o f this tow er s u a s a r e to fo n in No n c s are ch rarely be u d rma chur he , the c o mmon fo rm of No rm an tow ers being su ch a s i s found a t Ro s A a nd n s a d a But tw m ey bbey Wi che ter C the r l . o to w ers a lmo s t exa ctly s im ila r to tha t o f Tew kesbury s tand a t w s e nd o f D a v n the e t urham Cathedral ; the latter h i g, ho w fo u a c s a nd o s one n ever, r r ade , the upperm t but bei g n O n a s o w s w fri s of e tirely pe , the t er ere the bel e the medi ae va l a c thedral . The a pp a rent height o f the tow er w o uld be much les s if the fo ur roo fs sto o d at the ancient pitch a s they d o a t Ro s a nd n s n a o n of c m ey Wi che ter, but the ce tr l p i t the hurch rea ched still higher hea venw a rd w hen the tow er w a s sur o n a a s of o w w m u ted by t ll pire timber c vered ith lead , hich w a s o 1140 s Ea o f o s a nd built ab ut by the ﬁr t rl Gl uce ter, fell dow n w hile Divine w o rs hip w a s go ing o n upo n Easter ’ D a in 1 A a S s a — 1 00 559 s . y . imil r pire at St Paul Cathedr l feet higher tha n that o f Salisbury - w a s destroyed by ﬁre n 4 5 1 o n 1 6 . Ju e , The low er s tage of this tow er i s s imilar to tha t of Ro s a nd s s to n a o f o n s n m ey, eem have bee p rt the rigi al de ig ’ o f - a o n s The r r a s o Fitz H m architect . th ee a c de ab ve are 1 n f a Th e s n a a nd evide tly o a r ther later date . pre e t par pet th nna s w a s a n ns on o s in 1 660 e pi cle ere built , i cripti rec rd , , b ut o ne o f the pinn a cles w a s rebuilt a nd the o thers were r a in 18 2 5 ep ired . If s a nd i s fo na w a sw the by t er rtu te , he ill he r a eet peal o f s n out f o s f o w o r a o s eight be ll ri g r m thi beauti ul t er ; , lm t s w eeter hea r them chime the h o ur o f w aning da y in the f i n f n n But w a s not s o t s t ll ess o a s ummer eve i g . it o riginally intended that the b ells s ho uld be w here the y no w n o w n fo r n a are, a campa ile t er bei g erected them e r the

A compa ri s on with the uniformity of d e sign which is shown in the n on We ste rn towe rs of D urha m will conﬁrm this o pi i .

HE 1 1 0 A WALK ROUND T ABBEY.

TE E NAVE.

En n th e a th e o a nd o s r n the teri g bbey by p rch , b e vi g dis us ed a nd sha ttered h o ly w a ter s to up o n th e left ha nd

a i s s to u n w s w r a nd ne a e w pill r, it be t t r e t a d take a ge r l vi n a w s w n w Th e o f the churc h fro m be e th the e t i do . e ye then re s ts u po n a bea u tiful interio r in w hich the w o rk o f s uc c es s ive a rc hite cts h a s designedly o r b y a c cide nt pa s s ed

a ua f o m m a s s s m l to c ne s s a nd a e t gr d lly r ive i p icity ri h v ri y,

n o of w n o w a nd c a n a ll c o m n in a n a nd u til r , i d h try bi e ex lti g

f m e s e a of a e m glori ying the rcy t the e rthly t ple . Th e na ve is one o f a cl a s s familia r to the eye w hich is ’ f n ns e uc s e A n a m E s s . o a w . a s ili r ith gli h mi t r Gl e t r , St lb , l No w El e o ou D a a ll s o w th e a s s e r ich , y, Pet rb r gh , urh m , h m iv s ingle co lumns w hic h the w es tern na ti ons a t ﬁrs t us ed in

e c u c s a s na u a a o n o f a s c a th ir h r he the t r l daptati the b ili , o r Im a Ha o f us w c w a s s o Oft n o ns e c a e peri l ll J tice , hi h e c r t d a s the gra nd ho m e o f D ivine w o rs hip w he n Christia nity m a o n be ca me a n i peri l religi .

Th e n o f hi s a of th e c u b e w n w s le gth t p rt h rch , t ee the e t

' w a a nd w s s o f c o s s s i s 1 6 5 f its w ll the e t ide the r ai le eet, idth fro w a to w a 71 f a nd w o f c n a m ll ll eet, the idth the e tr l pa s s a ge betw een the pilla rs 33 feet the a rea thu s c o nta ining

The a s a c 6 f 3 nc e s in d a s a s . ﬁve qu re pill r are e h eet i h i meter, a nd 30 f h a nd n su o e d s s eet hig , the vaulti g pp rt by them ri e

r o o T s d m n to 58 feet f o m the ﬂ r . he e i e sio ns a re s o much s a a n o s e of o u s a a w o s m ller th th Gl ce ter , th t the l tter uld ju t

o na O fTe wk e sb ur a s o ne o f a ne st o f o s w o h ld the ve y , b xe illh ld the next in s ize ; lea ving no s pa c e betw een the o utsid e w a lls f s a nd ns w a s o f a c u c o the maller the i ide ll the l rger h r h .

The s n a n o um ns o n s w fo eve gr d c l either ide , ith the ur

Th e na ve a nd a i s le s of Durha m C a th e dra l w e re b e ing built by Bisho p Fla m ba rd a t th e s a m e tim e a s Te wke s bury Abb e y ha ving b e e n m e d in Ha e unin 1 10 4 a nd co e 1 133 . h s u c m sh e w h ch b g , pl t C ri t Ch r h, p ir , i w a s a s o u F a m a rd w a s com e e d a ou the m ha A l b ilt by l b , pl t b t ti e t t bbot d e n n Te w e s ur Ge ra l w a s b gin i g k b y . E E TH NAV .

s a nd s on s a s a nd w s Of s o s n pier re p d e t e t them , upp rt ixtee

a n s m c a s w c r wa s n a tw o pl i e i ircul r arche , hi h car y ll e rly

a s c t a o o f o f na M c o f s y rd thi k o be r the r the ve . u h the e upper w a lls ha s been c o vered up by the ad ditio n o f the

o n c n In o n ond o n a c b a o f gr i ed eili g . their rigi al c iti e h y the m w a s pie rced w ith a pai r o f do uble a rches O pening f o fo u a nd a s m s o w n o w a o r m the tri ri m , all clere t ry i d b ve n to o f The fo s s a n givi g light the ro . tri rium arche till rem i in o i na s fo n O n n s ou fo f in their r gi l tate , rmi g pe i g ab t ur eet w a nd s in i n o tw o na o w idth the ame height, div ded i t rr a s w c a re s o t in a s rche , hi h upp r ed the middle by ch racteri tic s hafts s imila r to tho s e w hich m a y be s een in the a rcade s o f

o we T s ifo O n n s a r e n s s a the t r . he e tr rium pe i g u u ually m ll a s o m a w o s o f o s o No a n ns s c p red ith th e m t ther rm mi ter , w h a s a t D u h a nd El n no o n ere, r am y, they are ge erally ble pe n c o n n in w a w Th i gs o rresp di g s ize ith the rches belo . e cleres to ry w indo w s ha ve been enla rged into rather d umpy w n o w s o s s w o o f three light i d , d ubtle ith the bject giving more light to the ro of. Th e o riginal No rma n ceiling w a s probably o ne o f o s a nd a n o a s s la to a s m ulded timber p elled b rd , imi r th t till exis ting a t Peterb o rough : a nd the ﬁrs t im p o rta nt altera tion in the a bb e y w a s the s ubs titutio n fo r this o f the pres ent o ne o of Al o u s h a s no t n gr i d r . th gh thi bee w ell w o rked in w No a n w a s uc n h o f na ith the rm ll , red i g the eight the ve to o c a s o s a t th e s s in s f i s e mu h , it d e , ide , yet it el it a b au f fe a u f It i O . s s o n ti ul t re the church a imple p i ted vault, having p o inted O penings w here the trifo rium a nd clere s o a c s o a nd s o s w c n c s s l t ry r he ccur , upp rted by rib , hi h e e ari y

n s c a o s inc o w n s i ter e t e ch ther, e their l er e d h a ve to meet a t

a s th e n s c ons n o a w h the pill r , i ter e ti bei g dec r ted it ca rved s s T s o s s s a n n b o es . he e b e e ch c o ta i s o me s ubje ct o f s crip

e s o : s b c s c o i n In a o e a nd tur hi t ry the u je t m g regul r rd r ,

nn n w s o f A a a nd Ev e w h begi i g ith the great ﬁgure d m , hic

a c s o o ne of w s n o s s Th e i s a nd e h upp rt the e ter m t rib . r b boss es w ere much more beautiful when they w ere c oloured 1 1 2 A WALK ROUND THE ABBEY .

a s w Of o s n n to w a s and gilt, they ere , c ur e , i te ded be ; and it , h a s w w o w to n s m a l c s o per p , ell rth hile cha ge the l lere t ry w indo w s into la rger o nes for the purpo s e o f lighting them A s o ns in T s o o f up . ged per ew ke sbury till remember the r in its o on o n a nd s s to on a o pr per c diti , it eem be ly b ut ha lf a century a go tha t the queer w ea kness for yellow w a s w c o s s s s o ur n fa s o h hi h p e ed gra d ther , buried the g ld a nd o o o ut o f s c l ur ight . Fro m the appea rance o f the D e spe nce r arms up on this n m a on w a s o ns c in ceili g, it y be c cluded that it c tru ted the s f o f fo n n D e s e nce rs s fir t hal the urtee th ce tury , the p fir t o n to T w s u in 1321 c mi g e ke b ry . Ano a a a on ha s n in na of ther gre t lter ti bee made the ve , w no ns Th e ona s a o f hich trace remai . m tic p rt the church extended do wn to the firs t pa ir o f pilla rs w es t of the c ro s s s a nd w n o s s s o o re e d s n ai le , bet ee th e pillar t d the cree , w hence in Benedictine churche s the les so ns w ere alw a ys t n Of s s c n read o the co grega tion in the na ve . thi ree n o thing w ha tever i s kno w n : b ut the time o f i ts remo v a l ’ w a s proba bly w hen the monks s ta lls w ere ta k en fro m their a nc n n a nd w s o f o w a nd s e t in ie t place, u der e t the t er, up a n or s w w a s in the ch cel pre bytery, hich the year The s n w s w n o w s f o 1 686 i s s pre e t e t i d date r m , but it aid to o Of a n o ne w w a s o wn in n be a c py earlier , hich bl duri g

Whe n the na ve ce a s e d to b e us e d by the pa rishio ne rs for divine

w o s it w a s s o m e me s a t e a s us e d for e Odd u o s e s . For r hip ti , l t , v ry p rp ’ th e chu chw a d e ns o o s e co d ha a s w e e a c e d e e in 1 5 8 r r b k r r t t pl y r t th r 7 , ’ a nd o e e a s s a c e d a s it i s ue e Ha nna M o e s d a m a s or th r y r ; r pl y , tr , lik h r r , the popula r pro fa nity which a ttra cts fa shiona ble folk w ho ha ve no t much to d o w h he m e or e m o ne to Amm e r a u b ut e t unmi s ta k e it t ir ti th ir y g , y a e he a ca e fo m a nc s o m e o f the o e e s e co d e d a s bl t tri l p r r e . S pr p rti r r c u c oo ds in 1 5 8 1 5 8 4 1 5 8 5 a nd a e e a s a re sh e e e s k ns h r h g 7 , , , l t r y r , p y ’ ’ ’ ’ fo r ris s a m e n s shi e s ns for the s nne s e a s vii b e a de s Ch t g r t , pp ki i r g r , j ’ o f e a e fo r the os e s a nd b e a rde s a nd a fa ce or v s or fo r the . h r Ap tl x , y ’ d e The s e n e o f s uc e n e a s on d s u e d b ut the o o v ll . e c s w y xi t h tri l g i p t , b k ’ con a n n he m wa s e co e e d a nd e s o e d to the c u chwa d e ns t i i g t r v r , r t r h r r a nds in 184 h , 7.

D BE 1 14 A WALK ROUN THE AB Y .

’ a s i s to s in th e no urc o f N o s rchitect be een ble ch h St . e t , H n n d o ns u ti g hire . h TH TR N E T a ns its ori na l a s e T e U S s i . SO A P till ret i g p , no e s n o f a s c a a a n n w c a th r triki g relic the b ili rr geme t, hi h

n a f d to a t a 2 8 T s a s h a s bee lready re erre p ge . hi p e w a s w a n a a nd s d a s a c a e ﬁtted ith alt r, u e h p l , but the ' 1 a n na f h a no t b e e n s c o Th e de dic tio me o it s di vered . fo urteenth c entury w indo w o ver the alta r h a s been blo c ked

a f a no w a s A up by the w ll o the ch pel us ed a s ve try . new el s ta ir in the s outh e a s t co rner o f the tra ns ept lea ds ’ up to a ro o m w hich h a s been ab s urdly ca lled the Nuns

s o n a nd w c ha d fo a n a c O n n n o Pri , hi h rmerly r h pe i g i t the 2 a ns e But a n s Of a u f m tr pt . m y part l rge ch rches w ere o r erly s d for o s s onn c w n s c w utili e purp e c e ted ith divi e ervi e , hich are no w left to the dus t a nd the da rknes s ; a nd if a ny o ne w ere w ildly to conjecture tha t it w a s a cha m ber w here w a x

‘ a s a nd n ns w s o s a s a n t per i ce e ere t red by the cri t , they w o u d o a n a to u It i s a o s e r l pr b bly be e rer the tr th . ls Ob v a hle tha t alta rs w ere pla ced in m a ny s uch ou t of the w a y lo ca lities — there is o ne s till existing a t the e nd o f the no rth trifo rium o f the c ho ir a t Glou ce ster— s a nd tha t there w a nnua o r o f n c a o ns o f th e Ho ere l , m re reque t , elebr ti ly u a s a s a o a a a E ch ri t at them mem ri l th t the pla ce w a s s c red . THE TOWER s pa ce o f the cro s s a i sle i s the pla ce w here the yo ung D uke of Wa rwick directed tha t his bo dy s ho uld

‘ a a nd w he re afte r w a r d s w a s a his fe t be l id , l id at e the

' o n s e n o f H n V I ‘ A s a s a a s s murdered y u g e ry . m ll qu re br

1 h e u fu e f u n nd w a a a d . e Prob bly t two b e a ti l cha p l s o St . P l St A r u e s e w na of e s m e a In e fe in to a t Glo c t r e re origi lly th a ch ra cte r. r rr g the m it m a y b e pointe d o ut th a t th e a psida l cha pe l of Te wk e sbury tra ns e pt Offe rs a n e xce lle nt o pportunity for colour d e cora tion of a ’ a n d n in th e S t in nd s a e ha s e e n a s c e o e w c . e w b ili typ , piri hi h St A r Ch p l b b e a utiﬁe d . 2 The re a re m a ny pe o ple who ca nnot he a r a bout m onks without m d a e n in f nun SO o ne us e d to e a th e fo um a l im e i t ly thi k g o s . h r tri ri g ‘ ’ ’ l e rie s o f e s m ns e e ca e d Nuns a s w e e o a no W t i t r Abb y ll W lk , h r pr b bly n e e e n in h e r fe nu v r w t li .

1 1 6 A WALK ROUND THE ABBEY

d a nd fo a o o n n n o aps i al chapel a tri rium b ve pe i g i t it . a s d to N in s c . o a s The a w a s . ch pel , thi e , de icated St ich l

no b ons w o w to s ns S ome le additi ere , h ever, made thi tra ept f s a n n c n o w . in the thirtee th e tury, part hich till rem i n i o n s o s a c a o f Prio r He ry S pt de tr yed the ap id l h pel St .

N o a s in 1 23 7 a nd in c o f. c a o ich l , , built the pla e it a h pel ab ut 24 feet s qua re o pening into the trans ept by the o ld

No a n a a nd n o m a o r of o r rm rch, i t the a bul t y the ch i by a w ide ne w arch co ns truc te d for the purpo s e ; a n a rra nge ’ o f And w s in s o ment s imilar to that St . re chapel the uth

r a f ns o f o s a . s o w s tra ept Gl uce ter C thedral Ve y h rtly ter ard , a s a s o n o f o na a n no perh p a devel peme t the rigi l pl , a ther a s to no Of s for c a o f s quare w erected the rth thi a h pel St . s a nd tw o w o wn n o o ne fo r n u Jame ; the ere thr i t , mi g a b ild

‘ in 45 on 24 w f o a s to w s g l g by ide , divided r m e t e t by a ﬁn a n s A b fu a ns ro n e E rly E gli h arch . eauti l rcade ru u d w a s w c w o n s a s on the ll , hi h ill be immediately rec g i ed bel g ing to the time w hen Bis ho p Po o re w a s building the ea rlier p o rtio ns o f S a lisbury C a thedra l a nd the cha pel o f

n n a a s D The o n n o f o o f the i e lt r at urham . gr i i g the r s a a nd D e s e nce r s w c n c bear the Cl re p arm , hi h i di ate the d a te o f Hu gh D e spe nce r a nd Eleano r de Cla re [ 132 1

e c nt a n a Of fa c s e f Its a date lat r by a e ury th th t the bri it l . no rth w e stern side o pened by three ﬁne p o inted arc he s into no Ea En s c w h a s n di s a ther rly gli h hapel, hich e tirely a a a nd w c w a s o a o f E s a s ppe red , hi h pr b bly that St . u t chiu , o H n B n in 1 24 built by Pri r e ry de a bury 6 . T s ﬁne o a o r a t a s its s o n o on hi d uble ch pel , le t uther p rti , is the res ting place o f the D uke o f S omers et a nd o ther ’ d is tinguis hed pers o ns w ho w ere victims o f Edw a rd IV th s

ft a of T w s It w a s n e cruelty a er the b ttle e ke bury . e tir ly w a d o ff f o for o n a nd w a s n lle r m the church a l g time , the

s s o n f o c Mo d n d on acce ible ly r m the hurchyard . er tra iti h a s a s n ous a nd for n b urdly amed it the chapter h e , ma y

a s w a s o u a s a It w a s a l in ye r it cc pied a gr mmar s cho o l . l te y so dismal a co nditio n a s to tempt none b ut a n archae olo gist 8 T EW K ESBURY ABBEY : Inte rio r o f the Cho ir in 1 74.

1 18 K R ND THE BBEY A WAL OU A .

A re - c n f c architecture . dedi atio o the hurch took plac e in

e a 1 2 39 w c s s to a h a d S a f e the y r , hi h eem h ve peci l re e r nc e to the c ho ir fro m the fa ct tha t the high alta r i s mentio ned 1 i n th e fe w w o s w w a nn s c o s it rd ith hich the ali t re rd .

a s fo s nt o s w o Perh p , there re , the pre e ch ir exhibit the rk no t o f tw o h o s o w t o f a s but t ree peri d , the l er par the pill r

s e n n o na No a n c o u tw o repre ti g the rigi l rm h ir, the pper c o urs es a nd the a rches -a bo ve them a thirteenth c entury c o c o n o a w a s of o Si ton a nd h ir temp r ry ith the ch pel Pri r p , a nd w o o f th e fo r n n the rem i er the rk u tee th ce tury . Tho s e w h o are fa milia r w ith the pla n o f Wes tminster Abbey w ill o b s erve tha t there is a rema rk a ble s imila rity w n its o a nd o f s a nd a o f bet ee ch ir chevet chapel , th t

T w e For h a r n t s . os w o e ot s o a s i s sub e k bury th e , ke ch o n d in w tw o a j i e hich the o a re c mp red .

The s n a s da c o o f s m ns A b a nd pre e t p i l h ir We t i ter b ey, a s s o n n n n a a d c a w c the ch pel urr u di g it, i cludi g L y h pel hi h ’ w a s de stro yed to m a k e w a y for Henry V IIth s b ea utiful n I nd a e f s w H I I . a o tructure, ere built by e ry , d t r m 1 245 to 12 69 a nd it is by no means unlikely tha t a n Ea rly Englis h cho ir a t Tew kes bury s hould al so b e s urro unde d

a s l c c a s o f w c w ns fo by imi ar hevet, the h pel hi h ere tra rmed

n o c o a w o o s f in fo e n i t de r ted rk, like the ch ir it el , the urt e th century . Ho w s m a a n is a n a th e ever thi y h ve bee , it cert i th t a o f o w nd o w s a nd the o o f upper p rt the ch ir, the i r , d a f o m a rt o f fo r e n c n u a nd te r the latter p the u t e th e t ry, that the c eiling es pecia lly bo rd ers o n the tra ns iti o n time w n e co a a nd n w o th e a s w n bet ee d r ted perpe dicular rk , l t t e ty

v a c n T s o d m w n ﬁ e yea rs o f th t e tury . hi w ul be the ti e he a d D e s e nce r to w o T n a is a t the L y p , h m the ri ity ch pel w a s n o on w o w o o d a nd tributed, livi g thr ugh her l g id h ,

l D e dica ta e st e ccl e sia The ok e sb e r iae cum m a j ori a lta ri in honore ’ ‘ n s M a ae xi K a l Julii fe a i une 18 a o os as v . . v gl ri Virgi i ri , , ri j [J , ’ i r ni Inthe sa m e v e ne ra bili d o m no Wa lte o d e Ca ntilupo e pis copo Wigor ae . ’ d h d d n a m e s P o B is o e a th e a nna is e co s t e e ca o of . s . y r l t r r i ti St J ri ry, r t l, ’ n a Ma e n a n Pe e s G ouce s e Winche lcomb e Pe s o e a d G e . S i t t r , l t r, , r h r , r t lv r

K R ND THE BBEY 1 20 A WAL OU A .

The s even w indow s o f the choir a re s till ﬁlle d with s n a ss o s o f w c i s a nc n o ha s n tai ed gl , m t hi h ie t , th ugh it u der n in n s o go ne s o me pa tchi g m o der time . S me o f the ﬁgure s are tho s e o f sa ints a nd pro phets but there are als o eight o f o s o f T w s on w o a re -H on the L rd e ke bury , am g h m Fitz am , ’ Hu D e n e r n s D e s a nd s e c . U n on everal Clare , gh p der eath e s feet lies the dus t o f tho s e w h o are repres ented in the w in

o w s o D e a s n e in the s o f d ab ve, the Cl re bei g buri d mid t the

o in n w w c a a nd D e s e nc e rs ch ir a li e ith the War i k ch pel , the p in n w n Ha on a nd T n s a li e bet ee the Fitz m the ri ity Chapel . Ma y the s o uls of thes e Ea rls a nd Barons have m o re pea ce w a re on n ha d w w n here they g e , tha they hile they ere livi g s f T Lord o ewkesbury .

THE H IR AMBU T RY C O LA O .

Th e s or o w s o nds n o ai le , ambulat ry , hich urr u the i teri r o of a i s of s a m w a s s s o f ch ir the bbey, the e idth the ai le the na a nd a s e o w ha s n o n o r no ve, perh p the ext ri r all u derg e little change in the co urse o f the altera tions made at this e nd o f

T s o i s a Of w ch the church . hi ambulat ry part the abbey hi os s ss s n s for o ut of o n nn p e e great i tere t, it pe the i er n s Of o o n o ne n a nd o cha trie the ch ir the ha d , the uter f n o chapels O the chevet o the ther . The h a s o ne a nd no abbey , at time a ther, had a great n of a s w n its w a s a nd fo o w n i s a umber ch pel ithi ll , the ll i g lis t o f tho s e only w hich ha ve been fo und noticed in the of a n s o c ours e prep ri g thi v lume .

’ ’ s M Ma n St . Faith Chapel St . ary gdale s Chapel ’ ’ s s M n St . Jame St . ary the Virgi s i h l ’ M ’ N c o a s . a St . s St rgaret s ’ ’ E s a s E n s . s St . u t chiu St dmu d ’ ’ W o ls ta n s o s n n . a St St . Ge rge [i the ve ’ ’ Ma in s o n Ba s s St . rt St . J h pti t ’ ’ M c a n n . s o s St i h el St . J h [in the ave] The Trinity HE CH IR MB T RY T O A ULA O . 12 1

A fe w o f thes e o nly ca n be identiﬁed a nd probably s ome a re no t now to o n s a s c s n n be rec g i ed hapel , havi g bee little s pace s of the aisles s creened Off w ith parclo s e s o f ca rved n co w f no T f w a s . o a i i t, hich have le t trace hat St . F ith s n a s in w Be rth ric i o f amed the place hich , k ng the Wes t a ons w a s in a 784 no s s n S x , buried the ye r , but ub eque t

s o a no of ha s n fo n R a s on hi t ric l tice it bee u d . e s have already been given for supp o sing that the three cha pels s s o a w no ns w o s o f a ci ted ith the rth tra ept ere th e S S . nd E s a N o a s a s a s . ich l , J me , u t chiu Imm ediately o ppo s ite the magniﬁcent arc hw ay w hic h ’ n n n N s c a e i s O s o . o a n agai pe i t St ich la h p l , the ch try a a to M r M a n Ba a a nd ch pel dedic ted S S . a y agd le , rbar , L ona n a s n u s a s RWICK CHAPEL e rd, ge er lly di ti g i hed the WA . Th e on o f s Is D e s e nce r in 142 2 in o erecti thi by abel p , mem ry

o f s s n R a B a a r of A a her ﬁr t hu ba d, ich rd e uch mp , ea l berg nn n s i s s o n o f n 6 n ve e a d o . 7 a d y W rce ter, p ke at le gth at p , — th e La tin ins criptio n w hich s ta tes tha t she fo unded the

a in o no o f B s s M r M n ch pel h ur the le ed a y agdale , died at the E n ’ M no s in o n on on . o n s s 1439 i rie L d St J h the va geli t day , a nd w a s o n n o f fa is buried the right ha d her ther, that . — f un 1 o . 8 T s s a before the altar will be d at p . hi m ll chapel w a s the mo del fo r the s till m o re s plendid o ne erected at

w c on a n s o f s r A on on w War i k , the b k the ame iver v hich w s u A i s s to or Of he r s o n Te ke b ry bbey ituated, the mem y ec d f w h s n R B a o a . u ba d , ichard eauch mp , earl W r ick Over the w s n a f o f is f fa n- n e ter h l it there a beauti ul tracery ceili g, s or tw o s n o ns a nd n s Off upp ted by le der c lum , ﬁ i hed at the s of n It s a s n e nd w s . w a s e ter ith ﬁgure a gel , perhap ,

n ha t to o f s w n o o a nd te ded t the p thi , bet ee the upper ﬂ r the fa n- a o f n s o o c e in s o tr cery the upper ceili g, h uld be cupi d me w a is no s n w a s s fo r a n y, but there ig that it ever u ed y At a s e nd o f a n w a s purpos e whatever . the e t the ch try the altar at w hich the h o ly Eucharis t w a s Offered da ily for the s ou s o f Ea o s Ea a nd o nt s s o f a w k l rl W rce ter, the rl C u e W r ic , a nd their anc estors ; a nd the remains Of w all paintings of 1 2 2 LK R ND THE BBEY A WA OU A .

r s n Th e o ﬁgur e s ubjects a e di cer ible there . dec rations are m o s o f d c n ss o a w o a a nd tly an heral i ki d , a ci ted ith the r y l no onn o ns o f Is a D e s e nce r a nd tw o s nd s ble c ecti bel p her hu ba . But s o s w n s s a nd o f w c o ne cr ll ere i ter per ed here there , hi h ns in s o -w s o n w n s remai the uth e t c r er , ith the lege d Je u ’ M to of n s w ercy, temper the pride a ce try ith the humility f s o the Cro s . ’ Th e FOUNDER S CHAPEL s ta nds in th e bay next to that o f o Ab e r a ve nne Ea i -Ha m on w a s o n L rd g y. rl F tz rigi ally buried in the chapter ho us e on the eas t s ide o f the clo is ters b ut hi s bo dy a nd that o f Abb o t Benedict w ere remo ved to s a in 1 241 b A o Forthin ton a nd s n thi pl ce y bb t g , the pre e t a o n A o a in 1 s c reen w o rk erected r u d by bb t P rker 39 7 .

Th e on n s a o f a s s o n its su fa c m ume t bear the m trix a br r e , ' w i s tra ditiona ll s a to a s n -Ha o n hich y id h ve repre e ted Fitz m , a nd w hich lo oks a s if it h a d been tha t o f a helmeted Th e s o f o o b s o f knight. tile the ﬂ r all ear the arm Fitz n o s of Ab s e n Ha m o n impa li g th e the bey, the hield b i g

’ Th e o w a s o n i n 1 79 5 d ivided by a n abbo t s s taff . t mb pe ed , f in n n o w c a nd a e w b o nes dis co vered a leade e vel pe , hi h w ere at o nce as s umed to be tho s e Of the fo under ; but ’ n o or no t is a w hethe r this i s rea lly the fo u der s t mb , little n t n o pe o ques tio . [See p . ’ M Beyond th e fo under s chapel are the D ESPENCER ONU h s i s a b l o b ENT a nd BRIEN M NUMENT. T e , M , the O ﬁr t ta e t m s of b a a nd a s th e w hic h ﬁlls a b o ut tw o third the y, be r

e fﬁ ie s on a o o r w o d a nd a la b a ster g , ce el b rately dec ated ith g l o f H o D e s e nc e r a nd his w f E a e c o lo ur, ugh L rd p i e liz b th o D e s e nc e r in 1 349 a nd m o nu M onta cute . L rd p died , the hi s w o w w h o a f w a d s m e nt may ha ve been erected by id , ter r

' h o f B n o w n. T e b e ca m e the w ife Guy de rie , L rd Wel y on s a n D e B n s a nd s a t th e monument o f her s ec d hu b d , rie , t ’ M a s di a e o o s to e ntra nce Of St . arg ret chapel , imme t ly pp ite a n a nd s f a nd sh e s f tha t o f her ﬁrs t husb d her el , thu , a ter a Th e n s w n tw o out o f h e r s a n s . fa shio , lie bet ee three hu b d n n Brien tomb is evidently a co py of the o ther : the mo ume tal

THE CHAPELs . 12 3

e tfi ie s on o a re no a s o f Old En s s g b th ble ex mple gli h culpture , a nd th e ca nopie s a re triumphs o f architectura l art w hen it w a s j us t o n the p oint o f pas s ing fro m the D eco rate d to that a n on whi n in n u a s tr s iti ch quickly e ded the Perpe dic l r tyle . Bo s o n n s w dila i [ See p . th the e m ume t ere greatly p in 2 a a nd w s o 1 8 8 . d ted, ere re t red ’ T M RG RET S H E i s s n Off f o a S . A A C AP L cree ed r m the ambul n o s f a n to ry by the Brie t mb . Like the re t o the e s ter a s i t ha s n s o o s a no n o f ch pel , bee c mpletely tripped th t thi g a n a ns in On its w s n s is s pec i l i tere s t rem i it . e ter ide there a new el s tair leading to the Space between the ceiling a nd o o f f c the r o the hapel . ’ T EDMUND S H E is n n n to S . C AP L the ame ge erally give c a o n o f M a nd is fo n in the h pel bey d that St . argaret, u d o nn on w in on o f T w s w n c ecti ith it the Chr icle e ke bury , ritte nd o f f n n It i o e fi . s o w a ab ut the the tee th ce tury , h ever, o c a a nd h a s o a tw o a s a nd tw o d uble h pel , pr b bly had ltar c o ns a i s a n of E n dedi ati . Wh t c lled the lege d St . dmu d , (king a nd martyr in 8 70) i s repres ented in the keys tone n c n o f the gro i ed eili g . At the entrance of this chapel is a beautiful tomb w ith a no o f d o w o n n w s o s a c py ec rated rk, u der eath hich lie a c rp e like effigy of s o me pers on a s he might be supp o s ed to f n m in r It is n appea r a ter bei g s o me ti e the g ave . ge erally

nota o f A o a n s o f called the Ce ph bb t W kema , the la t the a o s w h o f w s a B s o o f o s a nd bb t , a ter ard bec me i h p Gl uce ter the predec e s s o r o f Bisho p Ho o per wh o w a s burned to o s B s o n w a s a t death at Gl uce ter . i h p Wakema buried

Fo rthin to n a no o s o f w g , a m r h u e the abbey, hich he na to s w a ns on w n a ll hi s ma ged ecure , ith a very l rge pe i , he monk s w ere s ent into the w orld ho meles s w ith pitta nces a no for n s s But B s o Sm ll e ugh experie ced a cetic . i h p G o w n w ho w ro n a th e s s W d i , te e r time , ay that akeman built hi s intended monument o n the no rth s ide o f a little c o - s f o w no on n no w hapel s uth ea t r m the altar, here m ume t if I i im s s s o s o . t s so r exi t , and thi cann t be it in me deg ee 1 2 12 4 K R ND THE BBEY A WAL OU A . p ro bable als o tha t one w ho took s o much ca re to feather his nes t w ell w hile living s hould repres ent hi s bo dy a s in s uch a c ondition w hen dea d a nd alto gether the tradition w a nts ‘ c o nﬁrmation. The s tyle Of the m o nument is tha t o f n a r t n of a n h a ce tury e rlie ha the time W kema , w o w a s o f o 1 531 to 1 539 a nd in 1 54 9 . abb t r m , died THE VAULT OF THE D UKE AND D UOHEss or CLARENCE is b w n th e o o o f a a nd a its et ee d r the Lady Ch pel the ltar ,

n a n e n o os on n s s e tr ce b i g pp ite the m ume t ju t de cribed . [ See page 84 no te ] R s n DY H E s f s e e a 106 w h e pecti g the LA C AP L it el , p ge , ere ’ all that i s know n about it i s s e t do wn fo r the reader s info on rmati . On the s outh s ide of the choir there a re three polygo nal ch a s s r to o s to non of w ca n a n pel , imila the ther , e hich y s o on on n a f ou one o f hi t rial dedicati be c fide tly fixed, th gh them (s ometimes the ea sternmo s t a nd s ometimes the next w s w a is a of Th e e t rd) called the Ch pel St . Faith . third w s w a is no w s a s s a nd w a s e t rd u ed a ve try, called the s a n ft n c n r Ve ti rium eve in the fi ee th e tu y . At the entra nce to the mi ddle of thes e three ch a pels is a fine tom b o f Perpendicula r w o rkma nshi p : a nd in the s pa ndrils of the lo w c ano py w hich s urm o unts it w ill b e fo u n a s s o s ff a nd ono a o f A o d the rm , pa t ral ta , m gr m bb t R c n w h o s o th e f o i hard Chelte ham, pre ided ver abbey r m 1 481 n 1 50 Th e m o n n w a s in u n c on u til 9 . ume t a r i ed ’ on n the s n a nd b o s fi u diti duri g la t ce tury , the a b t g re , w o n a no h a s o dis hich nce lay be eath the c py, alt gether in 1 8 2 appea red ; but it wa s res to red to its pres ent s tate 8 .

1 The C ounte s s of Wa rwick orde re d he r own monum e nt to b e ‘ ’ a do ne d w a n e fﬁ of e s e f a ll na e d wh c is con e c ur e d a t r ith gy h r l k , i h j t a e 8 0 to m e a nw ou he r o e s of s a e It is o s s e sh e p g , ith t r b t t . p ibl m a a e me a n suc a ca da e a s a o n s monum e n w h wh c y h v t h v r th t thi t, it i h sh e ma a e e e n a c ua n e d A s m a co se in stone i s to b e found y h v b q i t . i il r rp in u s e hu c in the coun of G ouce ste a nd in ma n of our D r l y C r h ty l r, y ca he d a s t r l .

BBE 12 6 A WALK . ROUND THE A Y . a nd c a a s h a d n a 600 a rs fore h lice , he bee l id there ye be . [ S e e page 9 3 ] Betw een hi s t omb a nd the d o o r o f the ve stry i s a new el s a a n to a c a a o s w w a s t ir le di g h mber b ve the ve try, hich

a n o n I n a nd w e o a the pl i ly ce habited , her pr b bly lived hermit w h o s e duty it w a s to perfo rm th e s e Ofﬁces w ithin th e w now fo s on abbey hich are per rmed by the ext .

Our w alk ro und the Abbey i s ended ; but the o bse rvant eye w ill ﬁll up this sketch w ith many o ther o bjects w o rthy of no tic e a nd the preceding his to ry o f th e venera ble Abbe y a nd its pa trons m a y ena ble mo re c a reful inve stiga to rs tha n the w riter to re a d in much mo re deta il the particulars of a f o n n w n e s in r o n abric ab u di g ith i t re t eve y c r er . ENDI X APP . 1 2 7

Ge ne a lo ica l Ta ble O the D e sce nda nts o Robe rt Fi tz -Ha m on g f f .

Rob e rt Fitz -Ha m on Syb il 4 107 Ma b e l at Rob e rt Fitz -Roy 4 15 7 1 090-1 147 Willia m Ha w ise

4 1 66 4 2 18 (2 ) 4 1 9 8 Id e M ontford (3 ) Hub e rt d e Burgh Alm e ric D e ve re ux=Mi lli c e nt 4 226 d e Go urna y

4 23 0 l 4 240 I Ri ch a rd z Ma ud d c La cy 1 22 24 262 l I ’ (1 , Gilb e rtz Joa n d Acre z Ra lph Month e rme r (2) 1243—12 95 l 4 307 l = Gilb e rtz Ma ud d e Burgh (1) Hugh le Ele a no r =WilL d e la Z ouch (2) M a rga re t=Hugh (16 - 1 2 9 1 1314 4 31 5 Audle y 4 347

Fe rra rs 13224 349 4 359 4 391 4 342

Ed w a rd z z ur Eli . d e B gh e rs h 1 341-1375 4 409

Th o m a s =Consta nce d e L a ngle y

1 396—1414

1 ch Be a uch a m ( ) Ri . p Wo rc te r E. of e s 4 421

Edw . Ne ville z Eliz a b e th 4 476 1415 ‘ Ge orge

14434 449

= N v h n - Anne Rich . e ille (t e Ki g Ma k e r) 4 471

1 E w a r Anne =Rich a rd ( ) d d , , o f W 48 5 a f 4 477 P . a le 4 t K s . . 1453-1471 E w a r d d ,

P . of W a le s 476—1477 1473-1541 4 484

l i = He hry Re g na ld Ursula He nry Sta ffo rd 4 538 4 558 e xtinc t i n 1 640 2 ENDIX 1 8 APP .

ABBO TS OF

Gira ldus o of Cra nb o urn , Abb t Ro be rt Be ne dict

From undu s . Ro be rt th e Se cond a n la te P o of a n e u Al , ri r C t rb ry a e a e a c s W lt r, l t S ri t Hu te o a P . gh, l ri r Pe te r o f Worce ste r Ro e Fo rthin ton a e P i o b rt g , l t r r ’ Tho m a s d e o e s P o of a m e s St k , ri r St . J , Richa rd d e Norto n Tho ma s K e m ps e y Jo hn Cote s Th ma d e e o s L gh . Th om a s he s e on a e e a e C t rt , l t C ll r r Thom a s Pa rke r Willia m Bris tow o n A n J h . bi gto n John d e Sa lis John Stre nsha m Richa rd Che lte nha m He nry Be Oly John Wa lke r John Wyche or Wa ke m a n

D 1 30 APPEN I X .

D a te Buria l

Hu Lo d D e s e nce r Te w e s u gh, r p k b ry E a e h Mon a cu e La d De s e nce r liz b t t t , y p a nd We lwyn Gu d e B e n Lo d W e lw ’ y ri , r y Hu Lo d ud e gh, r A l y Edw a d Lo d D e s e nce r r , r p E i a e h d e Bur he rsh La d D e l z b t g , y Spe nce r Tho ma s D e s e nce r Ea o f G ouce s e p , rl l t r Hu Lo d d e la Z ouc gh, r h E i a e h La d d e la Z ouch l z b t , y R cha d Lo d D e S e nce r a nd Bu i r , r p rgh e rs h R c a d Be a ucha m Ea o f e d e d 142 1 i h r p , rl Ab r i ga v e nne y a nd W orce s ‘ e r Ric ha d Be a ucha m Ea o f a w c r p, rl W r i k , o ce s e a nd e m a e W r t r, Alb rl I sa e D e s e nce r o un e s s of Wa r Te w e s u b l p , C t k b ry w c Ab e r a ve nne o ce s e a nd i k , g y, W r t r, Albe m a rle He n Be a uc a m Ba o n D e s e nce r 1 425—1446 ry h p . r p , Ea o f e a e nn D u e of W a r rl Ab rg v y , k w c a nd K n o f th e I s e s of i k , i g l Gue ns e a nd e s e Wight , r y , J r y ce l Ne e uch e s s Of a w c di e d 15 0 1 Ci y vill , D W r i k , a nd C o unte s s o f Worce ste r R ch a d Ne e Ea o f a w c a w c i r vill . rl W r i k , W r i k a s u a nd Ab e r a v e nne a nd S li b ry, g y , - Ba ro n D e spe nce r (th e K ing M a k e r) nne Be a uc a m o unte s s of VVa r A h p , C hi s w d o w wi ck &c . , ( i ) Ge o e P a n a e ne u e Of a e nce Te w e s ur rg l t g t , D k Cl r k b y Is a e Be a uc a m uc e s s of Cla b l h p , D h re nce Edwa d P nce o f a e s a nd ma n d e d 1471 r , ri W l , y i no ble m e n a nd ge ntle m e n Sla in a t a nd a fte r th e Ba ttle Of Te wke s bury a nd buri e d in th e Abb e y nne Be a uc a m his w dow a nd w fe A h p, i , i a d I I to Rich r I . Edwa d P a n a e ne Ea of a w c 14 5—149 9 r l t g t, rl W r i k 7 a nd Sa lis bury

Ma a e P a n a e ne oun e ss of 14 3—1541 rg r t l t g t, C t 7 Sa lisbury APPEND IX .

I MP ORTAN T S TEPS IN THE RES TORATI ON H H H OF T E C URC .

M LET I N O F T HE N V E AN D H C O P O A C O IR.

T HE ﬁ rs t s tage o f the w o rk o f re s to ra ti o n upo n th e — inte rio r o f th e c hurc h w hi c h w a s w e ll a dva n c e d w h e n & & T EW K ES BURY ABBEY AN D IT S AS S O C IAT IO NS w a s — pub li s h e d c o mpris e d the c le a n s ing a nd re pa i r o f th e o e w o r a ll r s e s w rd o f a nd c ud n st n k , in pa t a t a in l i g the tw o b s o f th e N e w e s tw rd o f the to w e r a t c ay av a , w hi h po int a h uge w o o d e n pa rtitio n w a s e re c te d w hic h v e ry e ffe c ua d d e d th e c urc o ff t tw o a rts th e t lly ivi h h in o p , in w e s te rn o r Na v e po rti o n o f whic h the s e rvic e s w e re h e ld d uring th e two y e a rs o c c upie d in the w o rk upo n e h a the pa rts e a s tw a rd . W h n thi s d b e e n s ufﬁ c ie n tly a d a c e d th e s e r c e s w e re ra s fe rre d to the r v n vi t n Choi , a nd th e Nav e a nd its ais le s und e rw e nt a like th o ro ugh

pro c e s s o f re s to ratio n .

F o r fo ur e a rs th e w o r c o uo us ro re s s e y k ntin ly p g d , a nd th e nth e w h o le inte ri o r w a s thro wn o pe n fro m th e a r to th e w e s e r e re m t fre e o f the d s ﬁ r a lt t n xt i y , i gu e m e n t b y w hi c h m uc h o f its a rc hite c tura l b e a uty h a d fo r lo ng fr b e e n hidd e n o m v i e w .

RE-O ENI NG AND RE-D ED IC T I N S ERV IC ES P A O .

The re -Ope ning a nd re -d e di c atio n o f th e b e a utiful] re s to re d Ab b e y C h urc h to o k pla c e o n S 1 2 E D I 3 APP N X .

1 8 a nd th e fu c o a s a r a e a nd c a rr e d o ut 79 , n ti n w r ng d i w th v e r m re s s e c a ra d e ur e o e i y i p iv e c le s i s ti c al g n . P pl th ro nge d into T e w k e s b u ry fro m a ll pa rts a ro und to a t e d h I a s a t e d e d c a o s e r c e a t I I a . m . t w t n i ti n vi , v e r b r h t a nd e a utum d a a nd t s h e e d no t y ig g ni l a n y , hi lp o to s w e th e c ro w d s o f e o e re s e b ut a so to nly ll p pl p nt , l a d d c re s e d h A re ro c e s s o in a digni ty to t e e ve nt. g at p i n fo rm e d o uts d e th e Ab b e a t th e h e d o f w h c h w e re i y , a i th e Ab b e c h urc hw rd e s fo o w e d b th e m o r w th y a n , ll y ay , i s e e ra a d e rm e a nd to w c o u c o rs o f th e b o ro u h v l l n n n ill g , a nd r c a e rm a e c o r o r t o o fﬁ c s re c e d e d p in ip l p n nt p a i n ial , p b - r 1 0 y the m a c e b e a re rs . Be hin d th e m w e re o ve 0 s ur c e d c h o ri s te rs 0 o f th e c e r o f e hb o ur pli , 7 l gy n ig ing to w s a nd s urro u d a e s th e c a r o f T e w e s b ur n n ing vill g , vi k y - Re v . He m ming Ro b e s o n (no w Arc hd e a c o n o f Bris to l) a nd his c ur e s w th e a rc h d e a c o s o f the d o c e s e at , ith n i , th e R R B rr n o f W d s o r th e e v . D r. o w C o ight a y ( an n in ) ,

D e a n i o f a s o w th e B s h o o f G o uc e s te r a nd Br s o Gl g , i p l i t l D r E A la a nd . c o tt the B sh o o f He re fo rd D r . t ( lli ) , i p ( y) , h B r c t e s h o f f r M a c ka rne s s . T h e o e s s o i p o O x o rd (D . ) p i n m o e d a ro u d th c urc a rd hw s m 6 8 v n e h hy pat ay (P al , L e t G o d a r s e b e c h e d o n th e w a to th e o r i , ing ant y) n th o rc h b w h c th e c h urc w a s e e re d a nd w e p , y i h h nt , h n all h a Th e d fo un d th e ir a ppo in te d s e a ts s e rv i c e b e gan . B s o o f o uc e s te r a nd Br s to re a c h e d th e s e rm o i h p Gl i l p n , t a s his te t th e wo rd s & e a c e b e w t th aking x , P i hin y & w s f o a ub c Ps a m c . In th e a te r o all ( l xxii , n n p li u c e o w a s h e d a t th e T o w H fo o w e d b l n h n l n all , ll y a n o r r A the e e s e rv c e gan e c ita l a t th e Ab b e y . t v ning i the B s h r i o p o f O xfo rd w a s th e pre a c h e .

Spe c i a l s e rv ic e s w e re c o ntin ue d to the c o m ple tio n o f th e h th e re a s o c a e a nd o n t e s d a e t. o t w t v , la t y , S p 3 , h a F e s v a o f N e b o uri C h o rs in w h c h a b o u 0 0 ti l igh ng i , i t 5 c o r r r r a c re a t o s e re re s e t h is te s to o k pa t. G e t o ng g i n w p n a t a ll th e s e rv c e s a nd th e re s to ra o fu d w a s s s s e d i , ti n n a i t d uring the e ight d ays to th e e xt e n t o f {70 1 o f w n 0 1 8 8 hi c h £40 0 w a s re c e ive d fro m o ffe rto ri e s a d £3 . b s Am o s th re a c h e rs w e re th e e c fts . t e y p ial gi ng , p B h A e d e r he s o o f D e rr a nd Ra h o e D r. t i p y p ( l xan ) ,

Bis o Of El D r Wo o dford Ca non Ba rr , C a non h p y ( . ), y

1 E N D 34 APP IX .

o h e rs m a b e re c o z e d a nd th e f o o r i s a s e re s t y gni , l int ting a s it is b u f e a ti ul .

E EMENT M EM RI L TH PAV O A BRA S S ES .

S o m e pla c e s o f b uri a l o f d i s ting uis h e d patro n s o f th e Ab b e e r t m e s a nd o e rs w h o se re m ns a re y in a ly i , th ai s te d to e b e e te rre d th e c h o r o f th e c urc h ta hav n in in i h , a re m a rk e d b y e ngra v e d b ra s s pl a te s in s e rte d in th e h e t e d a e m e t. Th e s e e s w e re d e s ne d a nd t il p v n plat ig , s s r M r T N b e o f r o t e r o w tte b . D . e . in c ipti n h n i n y i l tt , ﬁ l In m s ta c e a r a c e d Ha re s e d C o urt . s o e in n s th e y e pl o ve r e xi s ting g ra v e s w hi c h w e re di s c o v e re d d uring th e v e ry th o ro ugh e xplo ra tio n o f th e s o il b e n e a th th e pav e

m e t a to o a c e 1 8 a nd to w c M r . B u nt h t k pl in 75 , hi h l nt fr r e q ue ntly re fe s .

T - R HE I T H C ENT URY C H EL O R C H IR V E ST Y . 3 AP , O

The Fre e m a s o n s o f G lo uc e ste rs hire pro vin c e und e r to o k the re s to ra ti o n o f part o f th e 1 3th c e ntury b uildin g o n the e a s e r s d e o f th e o rt tra s e re fe rre d to b t n i n h n pt , y M 1 I a s fo rm r -O e r Bl un t o n pa ge 0 2 . t w ally e p n e d w ith

a n Impo s ing m a s o ni c fun c tio n o n th e third d a y (S e pt . 2 th o f th e fe s a o c a v e a nd a f e rw a rd s a ro r a te d 5 ), tiv l t , t pp p i to its r r r p e s e nt us e a s a c h o i ve st y .

T HE FO NT .

The fo w c fo rm e r s o o d w a is no w k ow nt , hi h ly t in h t n n a s th e N o rm a e w a s re m o e d to its re s e s e n Chap l , v p nt it w s the o r th e na e w a s ro re s s th e urb e c hil t w k in v in p g , P k m a rb e b o w s to e s te s a nd c a rv e d o a k c a no b e n l l , n p , py i g

M re . a n Mrs . B . T . o o gifts o f Mr . d

H IR T HE PULP IT AN D C O S C REEN . n The c a rv e d s to n e pulpit w a s pro v id e d b y M rs . Glyn

m o r a o f h e r h us b d M r. Edw a rd a s a m e i l an , Glynn , ’ - s d e c e a s e th e s e d id c o r s c re e n a nd a fte r M rs . Glynn pl n h i w hic h c ro s s e s the c h urc h b e tw e e n th e w e st e rn pi e rs

w e r w a s e re c e d to , he r m e m o r o t b h e r o f th e to , t y j in ly y Ar e a o Ro b e s o h e r s o n M r . E . F . n a nd c d c , Glyn , h n n , b ro th e r. E N I APP D IX . 3S

The e e a s ma ro a ﬁ o th e s c re e w e re l g nt ll i n g te s tte d t n , d e s i e d b M r. . O ld rid S c o t a nd v e n b th e Re v . gn y J t , gi y W . He w o r p th .

MO D ER N S TA IN ED G LAs s W IN D O W S . Th e Ab b e y h a s h a d its b e a uty a nd int e re s t in c re a s e d v e ry m uc h s in c e th e c o s tly w o rk o f re s to ra tio n w a s e te re d u T h n po n b y gifts o f s t a in e d gl a s s w in d o w s . e r c a d o n e b h v W . ro e C . o r o f t e s e w a s t e R . G p in ip l h v , y w h o s e m unifi c e nc e th e fa b ri c h a d a dd e d to it a t v a rio us ti m e s b e tw e e n th e ye a rs 1 8 78 a nd I 8 9 2 th e w in d o w w hi c h fi s th e a rc a t th e w e s e r e re m o f th e a e ll in h t n xt ity n v , that a t th e Oppo s it e e nd o f th e ch urc h in th e a rc hw a y w h c h o c e le d to th e e a s e r L a d a e s o th e i n t n y C h p l , al fiv e w ind o w s in th e s o uth a i s le a nd fiv e o f th e s ix in th e o rth a s e f h e o t a e . M r ro e a o re s e te d n i l n v . G v ls p n to th e c h urc th e b ra s s e c e r a nd ra s a nd th e re t h l t n il , g a o r w c is b u t th e o r r gan hi h il in n th t a n s e pt.

’ T h e s ta e d a s s d w o w s S t. Ed m u d s C a e in gl in in n h p l , th e C h o r e s tr o e r th e u r i V y , v va lting o f th e n o rth c h o i a s e th e e nd o f th e s o u h a s e o f th e a e a nd th e i l , at t i l n v , w e s te rnm o s t o f th e s ix w hi c h light th e n o rth a i s le o f th e n e w e re a ll a d d e d d ur th e s a m r o d av ing e pe i .

A ENER G O US C O NT RAC T O R.

T o m a s M r . o s b w o m th e w o e o f th e w o r h C llin , y h h l k h a s b e e n c a rri e d o ut ﬁ rs t und e r th e dire c tio n o f S ir

G b e rt S c o t a nd s c e his d e c e a s e und e r t o f M r. il t , in tha ld rid S c o — te s tiﬁe d his o o dw fo r th c rc h b J. O tt g ill e h u y m a fts a m o n s w h c w a s th e re s o ra o o f th e ny gi , g t i h t ti n s c ulpture d d o o rw a y w hi c h in fo rm e r tim e s o pe ned to th e c lo i s te r fro m th e s o uth a i s le o f th e na v e ; th e re -o pe ning o f th e c uri o us c h a m b e r o v e r th e N o rm a n c h a pe l a nd th e re s to ra ti o n o f th e n o rth e rn half o f th e b uilding no w h c h r v e s r a nd w h c is re o z e d s e e a s T e o i t y , i h c gni ( plan)

e c a e d to S t. N c o s w s th e o th e r the c h a pe l d di t i h la , hil t a nd la rge r po rti o n (th a t re s to re d a t the c o s t o f th e Be s a m e s . d e s F re e m a s o ns ) w a s a C h a p e l o f S t. J i w hat c d m c is e re m e o e d Mr. o s e e ute u o t e r h nti n , C llin x h h 1 6 3 APPEN D IX .

w o r w c s a ve d th e R o ra n o m m e e a a r e k , hi h e s t tio C itt l g o u a tl y .

O T HER EC I IC IFT S AND W O RK . SP F G .

M rs D e o f ud e e C a s e m e t a r o f th e c o s o f . nt ( S l y tl ) p t t re s ri n h a h r Th e a te to g th e m o n um e nta l c pe ls in t e c h o i . l Ea rl Be a uc h a mp h a d th e a nci e n t alta r s to n e (w hi c h w a s fo und s a w n th ro ugh a nd pla c e d a s s e a ts o n e ith e r s id e the no rth po rc h) re s to re d a nd re pla c e d fo r us e h e a s o ro d e d te m o ra r re re d o s a nd c e r a a t r l p vi a p y , t in l a

f r . r h ir E . A H L hm e re B o ur r T e a e . . e c tu e . S ni l t , a t , p v id e d a ne w e c a u st c t e ﬂo o r the N o rm a c h a e n i il in n p l , - a s o ne w s e s a nd h a d th e O ld m e m o r l s o e s re d . l t p , ia t n lai Th s a s d a c a e w c h a d fo r m a e a rs b e e the i p i l h p l , hi h ny y n b a t s r w a s no w re -ﬁtte d a s a c e fo r us e fo r s o m e p i t y , hap l o f th e d a s e r c e s o f th e c urc a nd 1 8 it w a s ily vi h h , , in 9 3 , e mb e lli s h e d b y a n a n o nym o us d o n o r w ith the Ve n e tia n m o s a c w c is c e d o n th e e a s w a o e r th e a ta r i hi h pla t ll , v l , a nd s t e w o r o f D r . S l o f e c e . i h k a viati , V ni Th e m ura m o um e t the s o u a s e o f th e c o r l n n in th i l h i , c o s e b the tra s e t w h c h c o m m e m o ra te s th e a te l y n p , i l W Ha li a x e ntle ma n a nd M rs . ra w ho w ro e 0 G C ik , t 7 f , , a R A i h r M r. H . H Arm a d . . s a o t e w s e e c ute d b . s te x y , , n e le ga n t a dditio n .

T HE ABBEY HO US E AND L AN D s REGA INED

F a rs a f e r th e re - e o f th e Ab b e a o n o ur ye t Op ning y , l g d e s ire d o ppo rtuni ty o ffe re d fo r re ga ining to th e C h urc h th e Ho us e E s ta te w hic h c ud e d th e a r e re s Ab b e y , in l l g i d e n c e a fe w ya rd s w e s tw a rd o f th e w e s t fro nt o f th e Ab b e y (fo rm e rly th e m is e re c o rd a nd inﬁrm a ry of th e M r th e a c e nt G a te w a a nd a d o b u d o n a s te y) , n i y j ining il a nd c o ta e s th e v a re s d e c e ne a r t e re to k o w ings t g , ill i n h n n a s Ab b e C o tta e a nd e t e c o s ure s o f a d w a y g , igh n l l n , ith h A t r o f a I r . . o n th e s o ut s d e o f t e b b e o tal a e a 35 . 4p , h i y a nd running c lo s e up to th e w all s o f th e c h urc h . Th e w ho le h a d b e e n in th e h an d s o f priv a te o w n e rs fro m — tim e im m e m o ri a l pro b a b ly fro m s o o n a fte r th e dis s o l u f o na s e r . S ra n e to s a e e a a r o tio n o f the M t y t g y , v n p t th e c h urc h b uilding its e lf ha d a t s o m e fo rm e r tim e b e e n a ppro pria te d a s a n o uth o us e a ppe n d a ge o f the Ab b e y

E 1 38 APP ND IX .

th e va ul e d c a mb e r w e re s e a ra e c e d w ith t h , p t ly o n ve y s o a s to b e c o me pa rt a nd po rtio n o f the c h urc h a nd a rd c h urc hy .

HE R I T ES T O RAT O N W O RK RES UMED .

The initial s ta g e s o f th e re s to ra tio n w o rk w e re e nte re d u o th e a utu m o f 1 8 d ur th e c umb e c o f p n in n 75 , ing in n y th e Re v . a r e s G re e na ll D e s w ho w a s c r o f C h l avi , Vi a T e w e s b ur fo r 1 e a rs a nd fo r o e r o d h a d k y 3 y , a l ng p i th ro w n him s e lf ve ry anxi o us ly I nto th e e n d e a v o ur to pro m o te a m o v e m e nt fo r th e m uc h -re q uire d re s to ra tio n h He d 1 o f t e b u d . e d o n th e 1 th A r 8 il ing i 3 p il , 77 , having s urv iv e d j us t lo ng e n o ugh to s e e th e c h o i r o f th e c h urc h c o m e e d . C o D a v e a e e d b h e Re v pl t an n i s w s s uc c e d y t . He m m Ro b e s o w h o a t o c e d id his u tm o s t to e e ing n , n k p h e w o r fro m ﬂ s s fu h e w a s t t k agging . Ho w s uc c e l o t e nd w h t i s re c o rd e d th s Sh o rt a e d s o w s hat a in i pp n ix h , a nd w h e n th e o b liga ti o n c a m e — o n h is a ppo intm e nt a s a n Arc h d e c o — to t e u his re s d e nc e a t Br s to a n ak p i i l , C an o n Ro b e s o n l e ft th e Ab b e y a nd b e ne ﬁ c e in b y v e ry fa r th e b e s t c o nditio n a nd c i rc um s tan c e s it h a d kn o w n - - - fo r o e r th re e a nd a h f c e tur e s . M c h c o s t w o r v al n i u ly k ,

h o w e e r o n th e e te r o r o f th e . b u d re m e d to b e v , x i il ing ain a c c o m s h e d a nd th e re s e t c r o f T e w e s b ur pli , p n Vi a k y , h h a r h d e c o n H . A. e r m h his f e r A c th e Re v . S w t ing , i ath , a S h e r h m a nd Arc h d e c o Ro b e s o a re e e d i n ing a , a n n , ngag a s s i s ting th e Re s to ra ti o n C o m m itte e to ge t i t c a rri e d o ut a nd to ro d e a n ur e - e e d e d fu d fo r th e , p vi g ntly n n e c Th t h e s e pe rm an e n t m aint nan e o f th e fa b ri c . a t c ro wning s te ps in th e m o s t s uc c e s sful m o v e me n t fo r th e re s to ra tio n a nd pre s e rvati o n o f T e w ke s b ury Ab b e y C rc m a b e s s fa c o r e rfe c e d m us t b e th e hu h y ati t ily p t , d e s i re o f e v e ry w e ll-w i s h e r o f thi s n o b le m o n um e nt o f a ntiquity .

N E R W . O RTH, PRINTER, TEW K SBU Y .