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Linking Formula Yi Guan Jian Origins: Xu Ming Yi Lei an by Wei Zhi-Xiu (1770)

Linking Formula Yi Guan Jian Origins: Xu Ming Yi Lei an by Wei Zhi-Xiu (1770)

Linking Formula Yi Guan Jian Origins: Xu Ming Yi Lei An by Wei Zhi-Xiu (1770)

Linking Formula (Yi Guan Jian) originally appeared in the Continuation of Classified Case Histories by Renowned Physicians (Xu Ming Yi Lei An) by Wei Zhi-Xiu (1770). General Signs/Symptoms This formula was designed to treat stagnation of the that is secondary to yin deficiency. The common signs and symptoms include acid reflux, gastric ulcers, and pain in the flanks or chest. These will be accom- panied by signs of yin deficiency or dryness, such as dry mouth or thirst, a red, dry tongue, a thin or deficient pulse or heat in “the five palms” (palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and chest).

Classical Applications 1. Liver Qi Stagnation 2. Yin Deficiency and Liver Blood Dryness • Pain of the chest, flanks, or epigastrum • Heat in the “five palms” • Chronic regurgitation of food or acids • Dry mouth or throat • Scant tongue coat with red body • Thin, deficient pulse

Ingredients Latin English Percent of Formula Sheng Di Huang (Assistant) (unprocessed root tuber) Rehmannia Root, unprocessed 26% Gou Qi Zi (Chief) Lycium (fruit) Lycium Fruit, Chinese Wolfberry 14% Bei Sha (Assistant) Glehnia (root) Glehnia Root 14% Mai Men Dong (Assistant) Ophiopogon (tuber) Ophiopogon Tuber 14% Dang Gui (Deputy) (root Dong Quai, Tang Kuei 12% Chuan Lian Zi (Assistant / Guide) Melia (fruit) Melia Fruit, Chinaberry 10% Bai Shao (Assistant) (root) Chinese White 5% Gan Cao (Assistant / Guide) Glycyrrhiza (root) Chinese Licorice Root 5%

General Indications / Modern Applications • Acid regurgitation • Hepatitis, chronic • Orchitis, chronic • Behcet’s syndrome • Hernia • Ovarian failure, premature • Bitter taste in the mouth • Hot flashes • Palpitations • Chemo and radiation, side effects of • Hypertension, essential • Pulmonary tuberculosis • Cirrhosis, liver • Hypertension, gestational • Purpura, thrombocytopenic • Constipation • • Reflux, acid • Diabetes mellitus • Hypochondriac neuralgia • Restless leg syndrome • Dreaming, excessive or vivid • Hypochondriac pain • Sweating, excessive underarm, • Dry mouth/throat, with thirst • Insomnia, with restlessness odorless • Epigastric pain • Intercostal neuralgia • Ulceration, peptic or duodenal • Fatty liver disease • Jumpiness/easily startled • Vomiting of sour fluid • Flank pain • Hot palms and soles • Gastritis, chronic • Nervous exhaustion Synergy of Ingredients Lycium fruit (gou qi zi) is the chief ingredient of this formula. It enters the kidney, liver, and channels to nourish yin, supplement blood, and moisten. By virtue of its moistening property, lycium fruit (gou qi zi) can free stuck qi and facilitate movement because it promotes the mediums (jin fluid and blood) through which qi moves. Rehmannia (sheng di huang) is one of the assistant of this formula. (Some experts believe it to be the chief.) In the present formulation, rehmannia (sheng di huang) accounts for 26% of the formula, almost twice Linking Formula 2 2-3 2-3 tablets, aday. times D bycaused or dampness phlegm. Do not to symptoms use treat C wiry, berapid. may also andand thin deficient Thin or P coat. scanty or with dry Red, T • Gently spreads liver qi • Clears heat • Supplements liver blood • Nourishes liver and kidney yin F C ongue ormu u ontraindication aution osage ls e l a

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A ction s s / with ophiopogon (mai dong), men the properties both herbs of are its ability to enter the stomach and generate fluids. When combined nourish and yin moisten dryness. It this in formula used is chiefly for shashen) entersGlehnia (bei the lung and stomach channels to formula medica. Rehmannia(sheng di huang) asecondary has function this in the onemostis of commonly substances used the in entire materia supplement yin, generate fluids, and moistendryness, for which it the . the amount chief of Its mainfunction the in formula to is (gou qi zi),(gou to nourish the blood. Tangkuei (dang gui) warming also is Tangkuei (dang gui) supports herb, the the action chief of lycium intestines and move the bowels order in to clear additional heat. stomach and large intestine—additionally acting to moisten the The moistening action extends both to the yangmingchannels of — yin, and its slightly bitter/slightly cold properties help to clear heat. channels to nourish and yin generate fluids. Its sweetness nourishes Ophiopogon (mai dong) men enters the lung, stomach, and augmented. increase the formula’s ability to relieve pain. White shao) peony (bai White shao) peony (bai and licorice root cao) (gan are added to nourishing herbs the in formula. yin, this potential effectis counterbalanced by the prominence yin of Though this herbis bitter and cold, which could be damaging to the that actsdirectly on dispersing liver qiconstraint to relieve pain. Melia (chuan lian zi) the is this in formula, guide and the only herb relieving stagnation. and acrid, givingit the ability to move blood and qito assistin when the patternwith deficiency yin is liver invading qi the stomach. formula modern in times for is treating gastric and duodenal ulcers, As with most medicinal formulas, Chinese order in to achieve Formula Discussion with peptic ulcers. shown been has to help both with pain management and recovery cao) further has action to harmonize the the rest ingredients of and and decreasing its over action on the stomach.licorice The root (gan soothes the liver by supplementing liver blood, “softening” the liver, qi stagnation. Heat often is acomponent this pattern, of but not Guan Jian) (or yin is and yin blood) deficiency thatled has liverto underlyingThe pattern for application Linking Formula of (Yi pattern aproper is fit. the most appropriate choice for these many complaints of when the other formulas Chinese over-the-counter well as (as drugs), but it is Formula (Yi Guan Jian) treats many conditions that are treated by optimal results, proper pattern identificationis the key. Linking ­—to cool the blood and ying levels that may storing be heat. i One of the most One of popular applications this of Linking Formula 3

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ii coursing function) of the liver. This condition can can be condition This of liver. function) the coursing and interior in the builds up if yang worse made the of form sweat. the in outward fluids pushes of symptom the into tuned not are Americans Many it becomes pain until and fullness flank and ribcage the take to is it imprudent instances most In severe. signs no of have thoracic they that word patient’s ob can be Clinical confirmation pain. fullness or the at tightness/congestion for palpating by tained the around and 14) (Liv of liver point mu the front region. hypochondriac Guan (Yi Formula Linking name, formula’s The seemingly treats it fact that the from comes , Jian) between “link” a making thus symptoms, unrelated Guan (Yi Formula Linking example, For them. duodenal ulcers, treating for is effective very Jian) inter or constipation also treat be can used it to but neuralgia. costal – A number of clinical studies of studies number A clinical Gastritis – Atrophic can be rates success significant that shown have using by gastritis atrophic in treating achieved study One . Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking the when rate a 95% effectiveness reported with those to limited were study in the participants yin deficiency. of stomach condition underlying an Liver Disease Liver deficiency blood yin and yin or underlying If the , zang liver in the up build to qi stagnation the causes pathogenic producing by compensate body may the pathogenic or liver) of (fatty form phlegm yin in the If significant of form a tumor. in the blood blood cut off yinand are of from liver portions the develop. can cirrhosis nourishment, of accumulation is the liver – Fatty Liver Fatty or term long to due tissue liver in the deposits fatty the When factors. pathogenic to exposure repeated (Yi Guan Guan (Yi Formula Linking with treated were tients gastric 10 had period. treatment a 90 day for Jian) or Improvement ulcers. duodenal 8 had and ulcers 15 of by 18 the was experienced recovery complete patients. Modern Applications Modern Disorders Gastrointestinal of group A 18 pa Duodenal Ulcer – and Gastric - - - The yin deficiency, which is the chief component chiefof the component is which yinThe deficiency, ag- disease, of result febrile be the can pattern, this - ex as over-work, such Stresses constitution. or ing, desire excessive prolonged even or thinking, cessive of these Any blood. and (essence) damage can blood liver the where point the to patient a bring can (qi- activity yang the support longer no yin can and always present. There are a few etiological scenarios scenarios few etiological a are There present. always the though, each, In pattern. this to lead can that blood. and or yin in yin deficient becomes first liver humors of result insufficient is the stagnation Qi in the stagnate to tends which qi, the transport to ofliver. the coursing natural the blocking cage, rib ends two on the body. haseffect an of blockage This of of moisture part upper body deprived The the is the in to ascend; unable are fluids jin the because go. to someplace have qi must up backed the torso, the into of qi diverts liver excess this Frequently, gastric or duodenal pain, stomach causing stomach liver errant the But of vomiting sour fluids. or ulcers, - sys other affect and areas other also invade qi can of qi. liver coursing free the upon depend that tems lower the into downward qi backs liver excess If the failure, ovarian premature to lead can it warmer, invades If it constipation. or orchitis, chronic hernia, palpitations, into develop can it vessels, blood the yin de If the syndrome. Behcet’s or hypertension, condition. the aggravates and complicates nent The heat component in this pattern can be the cause cause the can be thispattern in component heat The Internal of yin deficiency. result the the and/or the damage yin and the scorch can illness from heat rise of the - to defi lead can which ofblood liver, the compo heat the scenario, either In heat. cient/false ficiency is constitutional, and if liver qi invades the the if and qi invades liver constitutional, ficiency is develop can condition the complex, spleen/pancreas confirm to order In mellitus. type 2 diabetes into Guan (Yi of Formula Linking application proper always must one of indications, any these for Jian) palmar signsas such through pattern the confirm or pain ribcage, the around sweating odorless heat, red a and mouth, dry thorax, or flanks fullness in the If yin deficiency coat. a dry scanty with or tongue, pulse will deficient; the and be thin is primary, still if has de qi stagnation wiry, and be thin may it or rapid, may if also The pulse be significantly. veloped is prominent. heat Linking Formula 4 function of Kupfferfunction of cells. hepatic stellate cells activation, and the regulating of inhibitingmechanism hepatocyte of apoptosis and Jian) more was therapeutically effective through the the study showed that Linking Formula (Yi Guan induced rats in CCI4. by injection of The results of Tang) treating in cirrhosis the liver of that had been patient. (TianWang XinBu Dan) with combined be throat. and mouth strength, dry appetite,of lack increased weakness, and pain knee and back low hands, shaking eyes, tinnitus, face, red irritated or eyes red heat, to restlessness,aversion sweating,flashes, hot palpitations, heart vision, blurred dreams,dizziness, sleep, scanty profuse or heat,insomnia palm five eyes, the around goiter,tension or eyes bulging enlarged mildly a following: the of any with present Jian) yin, of deficiency or and/ to damage to due rising with yang deficiency yin is hyperthyroidism. Whendiagnosis the of a for Westernpatterns medicine Oriental diagnosis Hyperthyroidism Endocrine Disorders Linking Formula (Yi Guan Jian) with success. chronic hepatitis were treated with amodified Chronic Hepatitis –In one study, 50patients with primarily of liver and kidney yin deficiency with deficiency yin kidney and liver of primarily and Minor Bupleurum Formula (Xiao Hu Chai effectiveness Linking Formula of (Yi Guan Jian) Cirrhosis Liver –One ofthe study compared the to treat this condition effectively. Rehmannia Six Formula (Liu Wei Huang Di Wan and Tang Kuei Formula (Xiao Yao San) and (Yi Guan Jian) can combined be with Bupluerum withdeficiency liver qi stagnation, Linking Formula patient with fatty liver liveris and disease kidney yin the liver zang. When the underlying condition the of by producing phlegm the in fatty form deposits in of maybody compensate for the nourishing lack yin of though the invasion another of organ system, the remain the in liver zang , rather than seeking release with the excesses (qi stagnation and heat) and deficiencies patternthis of (yin and blood) combine is an excellent strategy. excellent an is may patient This vii When the patient exhibits symptoms symptoms exhibits When patient the Linking Formula Linking – There are several possible possible several are – There HeavenlyEmperor’s Formula Linking Formula Linking v

to successfully treat this this treat successfully to

(YiGuan Jian) iv

(YiGuan may vi

pattern with tongue and (seepage pulse 2). hypochondriac pain and distention. Confirm the frequent sighing, constipation, ovulatory pain, stress, breast tenderness, irregular or menses amenorrhea, for would irritability, be pre-menstrual tension, appropriate.be Additional symptoms to look Formula (Yi Guan Jian) with modifications may deficiency,with liver qi stagnation, then Linking the underlyingof pattern liver is and kidney yin disease. When the Oriental medicine diagnosis treatments, or endocrine disorders, such Graves’ as from oopharectomy, radiation or chemotherapy disorders such as Turner’s syndrome. It can result erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and genetic autoimmune disorders such systemic as lupus This conditionbeen shown has to often accompany ovulation that may or may not month. occur every to complete ovarian failure severe is pain with intercourse, and infertility. Sometimes the precursor amenorrhea, dryness, vaginal hot flashes, painful this disorder mayof include: irregular menses, Premature Ovarian Failure –The symptoms (POF) liver yang rising,yang liver symptoms of liver wind. liver of symptoms dispel to nourished is blood yang, anchor liver and strategy,and treatment subdue to nourished is yin symptoms. In this rising yangmore to leading channel, liver the in stagnation prevent to qi liver moving while blood, and yin both nourish can the symptoms with , and severe in resemble Crohn’s disease. Western medicine treats aneurysms, thrombosis, and GIdisorders that skin sores, the mildarthritis large joints, of arterial the years: eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision, appear on the genitals. Other symptoms appear over East. Most patients exhibit oral ulcers that may later United States, but more is common the in Middle menin than women. It somewhat is rare the in the patient or her his in 30’s, is more often occurring vessels. The symptoms usually to begin appear when syndrome involving inflammationthe blood of Behcet’s syndrome achronic, is inflammatory unknown etiology.common and of it is diseases becausediagnose it presents similarto many as so This syndromedifficultis for Westernmedicine to Behcet’s Syndrome Linking Formula Linking viii

(YiGuan Jian) ix

Linking Formula 5 and and Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking Both ( Bao Formula Jian Harmonizing Stomach Jia pain, stomach treating at effective are Wan) He reflux. acid and constipation, in taste mouth, bitter these treats Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking But Stomach and deficiency to due when conditions Wan) ( He Bao Formula Jian Harmonizing Jia Choose excess. to due are they when them treats Linking Formula and Stomach Harmonizing Harmonizing Stomach and Formula Linking Formula Linking Formula and Rehmannia & Rehmannia and Formula Linking Formula Scrophularia but yin, kidney and liver nourish formulas These Rehmannia emphasis. their in differences are there (Zhi Di Bai Huang Formula Scrophularia and yin over kidney the nourishing emphasizes Wan) falseheat. and clear to is stronger yinand liver Rehmannia qi flow. rectifying for has action no It (Zhi Di Bai Huang Formula Scrophularia and there when appropriate more is therefore Wan) present, symptoms heat deficiency pronounced are the affecting is mainly yin deficiency the when and Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking warmer. lower primary is the liver the when appropriate is more there when i.e., yindeficiency, the by affected organ or fullness. pain thoracic or hypochondriac, is flank, Plus Wanderer & Easy Free and Formula Linking Free and Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking Both San) Yao Xiao ( Plus Wei Jia Wanderer Easy and warmer of middle and liver pattern the treat can signs with of stagnation. and heat disharmony is formulas two the between chiefThe difference ( Plus Wei Jia Wanderer Easy and Free the that qi (liver excess is primarily pattern San) Yao Xiao and qi (spleen deficiency some with stagnation) Formula Linking for pattern the while xu), blood of one deficiency is(liver primarily Jian) Guan (Yi (qi mild excess xu) with blood yin and liver yin or signsof willmore There be dryness stagnation). (Yi Formula Linking in the dry mouth) (thirst, pattern. Jian) Guan (Zuo Gui Jia Er Zhi Er Jia Gui (Zuo Formula Yin True of qi. liver root the nourishing on focuses completely Wan) tangential address does not and kidney, yin inthe depleted heat, as falsesuch ofissues yin deficiency, stagnation. qi liver possible and body fluids, xi x invade the stomach causing stomach pain and and pain stomach causing stomach the invade sores, mouth thirst, cough, dry mouth, burning, is an Jian) Guan (Yi Formula Linking so forth. and thispattern. for choice effective Though both formulas focus on nourishing yin, yin, focusnourishing on formulas both Though Formula Linking differences. significant are there of fluid promotion emphasizes Jian) Guan (Yi yin. nourish as of part to strategy its production with liver, the to primarily directed are actions Its the by engaging fluids generating on action some flow the rectifying on action some and stomach, Formula Comparisons Formula Formula Yin True and Formula Linking Radiation and Side-effects of Chemotherapy and Eastern Western of combination The enhance can patients cancer treating for methods radiation and of chemotherapy effectiveness the of amounts the lesser allowing treatments, and be used in to treatment toxins dangerous common This is rates. success greater yielding support to treatment in . practice of treatment as adjuvant an qi, zheng (upright) of effects the side undesirable the mitigate to cancer medical Oriental that is something main therapy West as the in patients their offer can practitioners as a result develops that of One patterns the well. kidney and is liver treatments of chemotherapy the When stagnation. qi liver yin deficiency with qi can liver the been damaged, have blood yin and cases, with immunosuppressive . In In medications. immunosuppressive with cases, several fall into can syndrome this diagnostics, OM diagnosis is liver possible One zang-fu patterns. present may pattern This yin deficiency. kidney and and of stages progression the mid-late the during use. long-term by is exacerbated often oral as follows: are present may that Symptoms red dark, are heal, not do that sores genital and dark vision, blurred eyes, dry; irritated painful, and heat, palm five photophobia; eyes, the around circles pain knee and back low sweats, night insomnia, red, is tongue frequently The of lack and strength. The coat. no with tip red or coat scanty a dry, with a thispresentation, With rapid. pulseand is fine Jian) Guan (Yi of Formula Linking combination Di Huang Wei (Liu Formula Six Rehmannia and is recommended. Wan) Linking Formula 6 other formulas to achieve aspecific therapeutic result.Below aresome effective combinations: Linking Formula addresses an underlying pattern, and therefore, easily is and frequently combined with kidney yin deficiency andliver qistagnation yindeficiency kidney For Fatty Liver liver Diseasewith underlying and For mouthandthirst dry inthelowerobstruction warmer inaddition to damp-heat with liver yindeficiency For andatrophy weakness inthe lower extremities symptoms and blooddeficiency symptoms withliver qistagnation combined withqi andstomach yindeficiency liver/kidney primarily or recovering from chemotherapy whoexhibit To patients undergoing chemotherapy support liver qistagnation withbloodstagnationliver and blooddeficiency For Premature Failure Ovarian and dueto kidney For withliver hypertension yindeficiency that originated withliver yindeficiency sleep,dizziness, ordream-disturbed hypertension, For liver windproblems suchasheadaches, andliver qistagnationdeficiency andliverFor blood palpitations dueto heart heart spasms, orsignificantrib and flankpain) fits, (especially for abdominalpain, withqistagnation of yinorandblooddeficiency When pain isthemaincomplaint, andthepattern U seful C ombinations Rehmannia SixFormula. Use withBupleurum and Tang Kuei Formula and Use withJade Source Formula. Use withFour Formula. Marvels Use withFive Mushroom Formula. Use withNourish RenandChong Formula. Use withLuo Formula. BuMa Formula.Use andUncaria withGastrodia Formula.Use withZizyphus Use withCorydalis Formula. xiv xii xv xiii Linking Formula 7

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(Herbal Ed. (Herbal th Oriental Medicine Medicine Oriental Oriental Medicine Medicine Oriental , 57, May 1998, pp. 30-32. pp. 1998, May 57, , Journal of Traditional Chinese Chinese Traditional of Journal Journal of Traditional Chinese Chinese Traditional of Journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology of Journal (Whitehouse Station, NJ, Merck Merck NJ, Station, Ed. (Whitehouse th (Eastland Press, 2004). Ed. (Eastland Press, rd (Eastland Press, 2009). Ed. (Eastland Press, Journal of Chinese Medicine Chinese of Journal nd , 1986, 5:51. 1986, , , 1991; 5:307. 1991; , Springer Vertag London Limited, 2009, Vol. 3, pp. 45-54. pp. 3, Vol. 2009, Limited, London Vertag Springer , 1999; 4:161. 1999; , , 1993; 358. 1993; , , Spring 2005, pp. 6-11. 6-11. pp. 2005, Spring , , Spring 2005, pp. 6-11. pp. 2005, Spring , Hubei Journal of Chinese Medicine Chinese of Journal Hubei Essentials of Chinese Medicine, Chinese of Essentials Shanxi Chinese Medicine Chinese Shanxi Medicine and Medicinals from Guizhou from Medicinals and Medicine March 2003. 2003. March March 2003. March Journal Herbology Chinese www..com/herbs/chemothera.htm , www.acupuncture.com/herbs/chemothera.htm. , 121:1, Jan. 2009, pp. 35-42. 35-42. pp. 2009, Jan. 121:1, Journal, American Acupuncturist American Journal Acupuncturist American Medicine, Medicine, s erence

, 1983, 3(3):223-6. 1983, , Medicine Chinese Research Laboratories, 1999). Laboratories, Research Medicine Press, 2009). Press, Medicine ef Rubio, Ray, Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) A Classical Approach to Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medicine, Chinese Traditional with Treatment to Approach Classical A (POF) Failure Ovarian Premature Ray, Rubio, Zixiao, Wei, Differentiation and TCM treatment of Hyperthyroidism, ofHyperthyroidism, TCMtreatment and Differentiation Wei, Zixiao, Peitian, Wu, The Combined Use of Tonification and Purgation in the Treatment of Fatty Liver, Liver, Fatty of Treatment the in Purgation and Tonification of Use Combined The Wu, Peitian, s ndnote Z. W. Liu and Li Liu, Liu, Li and Liu W. Z. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992 May;17(5):301-3. 1992 Zhi. Za Yao Zhong Zhongguo Rosenberg, Z., Treating the Undesirable Effects of Radiation and Chemotherapy with Chinese Medicine, Medicine, Chinese with Chemotherapy ofand Effects Radiation Undesirable the Treating Z., Rosenberg, Shan Xi Zhong Yi. Yi. Zhong Xi Shan Rosenberg, Z., Treating the Undesirable Effects of Radiation and Chemotherapy with Chinese Medicine, Medicine, Chinese with Chemotherapy and of Effects Radiation Undesirable the Treating Z., Rosenberg, Rubio, Ray, Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) A Classical Approach to Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medicine, Chinese Traditional with Treatment to Approach Classical A (POF) Failure Ovarian Premature Ray, Rubio, Hu Bei Zhong Yi Za Zhi, Zhi, Za Yi Zhong Bei Hu Peitian, Wu, The Combined Use of Tonification and Purgation in the Treatment of Fatty Liver, Liver, Fatty of Treatment the in Purgation and Tonification of Use Combined The Wu, Peitian, Zhong Yao Zhi, Zhi, Yao Zhong Gui Zhou Yi Yao, Yao, Yi Zhou Gui Journal of Traditional of Traditional Journal Decoctions” Herbal with Disease: Clinical of Report Treated 88 Cases “Behcet’s Bian, and Yang, Wu, Mu, Y. et al, Action mechanism of Yi Guan Jian Decoction on CCI4 induced cirrhosis in rats, rats, in cirrhosis induced CCI4 on Decoction Jian Guan Yi of mechanism Action al, et Y. Mu,

i i Chinese : Formulas and Strategies, 2 Strategies, and Formulas Medicine: Herbal Chinese et al., Scheid, Volker R 2004). Press, of Pharmacology Herbology and Medicine (Art Medical Chinese ,. T. Tina Chen, K. John 17 Therapy and of Diagnosis Manual Merck The Eds., Berkow, Robert Beers, H. Mark xv xv xiv xiv xii xii xiii xi xi ix ix x vii viii v v vi iii iii iv E ii Clinical Guide to Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Formulas, 5 Formulas, Herbal Chinese Used to Commonly Guide Clinical Heuertz, John and Monda, Lorena Scott, John Chinese Medicine , 3 Medica, Materia Medicine Chinese Stöger, Erich Clavey, Steven Bensky, Dan Linking Formula 8

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