DOCSLIB.ORG

On Phytoplankton in the Southwest Lagoon of New Caledonia and Oceanic Adjacent Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On Phytoplankton in the Southwest Lagoon of New Caledonia and Oceanic Adjacent Area Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Oceanography Volume 2009, Article ID 232513, 19 pages doi:10.1155/2009/232513 Research Article Chlorophylls and Phycoerythrins as Markers of Environmental Forcings Including Cyclone Erica Effect (March 2003) on Phytoplankton in the Southwest Lagoon of New Caledonia and Oceanic Adjacent Area J. Neveux,1, 2 M. M. B. Tenorio,´ 1, 2, 3 S. Jacquet,4, 5 J.-P. Torreton,´ 4, 6 P. Douillet,4 S. Ouillon,4, 7 and C. Dupouy4 1 Laboratoire ARAGO, Universit´e Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Avenue Fontaul´e, BP44, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France 2 Laboratoire d’Oc´eanographie Biologique de Banyuls, CNRS, UMR7621, Avenue Fontaul´e, BP44, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France 3 Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitaria-CCS-Bloco´ A-sala A63, Ilha do Governador, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590 RJ, Brazil 4 Institut de Recherche pour le D´eveloppement, UR Cam´elia (UR 103), BP A5, 98848 Noum´ea Cedex, New Caledonia, France 5 Centre Technique Littoral, Lyonnaise des Eaux, Technopoleˆ Izarbel, 64210 Bidart, France 6 ECOLAG/UMR 5119, Universit´e Montpellier II, CC 093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 7 Universit´e de Toulouse, IRD, LEGOS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France Correspondence should be addressed to J. Neveux, [email protected] Received 6 February 2009; Accepted 3 September 2009 Recommended by Robert Frouin Spatio-temporal variations of chlorophylls and phycoerythrins, inferred by spectrofluorometric methods, were studied from April 2002 to June 2003 in the southwest lagoon and oceanic waters of New Caledonia. Trade winds blew 75% of the time and appeared as the main factor influencing surface Tchla (sum of monovinyl- and divinyl-chlorophyll a) variations in the ocean, near the barrier reef. Lagoon and oceanic waters differed in the composition of picoplanktonic cyanobacteria with a relative dominance of Prochlorococcus and high-phycourobilin Synechococcus in the ocean, and a relative dominance of high-phycoerythrobilin Synechococcus in the lagoon. Main pigment variations in the lagoon were associated with cyclone Erica in March 2003 and showed a 5-6 fold Tchla increase around Noumea.´ The cyclone stimulated mainly diatom growth as indicated by the high chlorophyll (c1 + c2)/chlorophyll a ratio and by the lowest values for the other pigment ratios. The relative importance of divinyl-chlorophyll a concentration and fluorescence excitation spectra of phycoerythrins appeared as useful tools for characterizing lagoon-ocean exchanges. Copyright © 2009 J. Neveux et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1. Introduction genus Prochlorococcus. The discrimination between these two pigments provides essential information about community Phytoplankton pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids, phy- structure in oligotrophic waters where Prochlorococcus often cobiliproteins) remain a major source of information on represents more than 50% of the Tchl a [1, 2]. biomass, community structure, dynamic, and physiological Previous research on pigments in New Caledonian waters state of phytoplankton. The old concept of chlorophyll concerned mainly the south west lagoon (SWL, Figure 1) a concentration as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass is and was limited to bulk chl a concentration distribution now represented by the sum of two chemical entities (Tchl and variations [3–10]. Early work reported increasing Tchl a): the monovinyl-chl a (chl a), associated to most of the a concentration from the ocean through the coastal lagoon photooxygenic organisms, and the divinyl chlorophyll a (dv- to the estuaries with maxima found after flooding and chl a) specifically associated to the cyanobacteria of the in urban effluent areas [3]. However, it did not provide 2 International Journal of Oceanography −22◦10S Dumbéa Bay D47 D46 D37 D39 D41 D27 ◦ Grande −22 15 S D19 B03 M03 D12 D08 Rade D01 B08 Boulari Bay B16 NoumeaN04 N12 N44 N20 Ste Marie B18 (km) Bay N30 052.5 N33 N43 N40 B24 B26 −22◦20S 166◦20E 166◦25E 166◦30E Dumbéa river M27 Uitoé pass MAA D41 M25 La Coulée river M37 M03 L3 Pirogues M06 ransect river M16 N44 ◦ M09 P04 18 S N43 B26 B24 ◦ Dumbéa t P12 −22 20 S O3 M12 M33 O2 L2 19◦ Dumbéa pass O1 A03 N ◦ ransect 20 ri t A11 Boula 21◦ New Caledonia ◦ A17 −22 30 S (km) 0105 ◦ Boulari pass 22 Coral sea Nouméa 166◦10E 166◦20E 166◦30E 166◦40E 23◦ 163◦ 164◦ 165◦ 166◦ 167◦ 168◦E Figure 1: Map of the sampling locations. Stations sampled (1) at five depths with a mean frequency of 10.3 days (N12 and M33: open squares), (2) monthly at the surface (dark circles), (3) monthly (open circles) at the surface and near the bottom (lagoon: L2, L3, MAA) or at six depths from 0 to 100 m (ocean: O1), (4) during the tide cycles (O1, O2, O3, L2, L3). any evidence of Tchl a temporal periodicity. More recent are the main environmental factors that can explain the investigations highlighted the occurrence of clear daily and Tchl a variations in the SWL. A coupled three-dimensional seasonal trends for Tchl a [9, 10]. The seasonal signal physical-biological model was developed to simulate the could also be extracted from a four-year long time series Tchl a distribution in the SWL from freshwater input, (1979–1983) by spectral analysis using wavelet methods [8]. trade winds intensity, and hydrodynamics [12]. This model Nevertheless, short-term fluctuations (1-2 weeks) related demonstrated that eutrophication is limited to coastal bays to local but usual meteorological event are in the same and oligotrophic conditions prevailed in most part of the range than annual variations [9]. Winds, precipitations lagoon. In the ocean, results were relatively scarce. A general [9], anthropogenic activities [10], and hydrodynamics [11] enrichment in chlorophyll of surface waters of the Coral Sea International Journal of Oceanography 3 Table 1: Sampling interval, period, and stations as well as physico-chemical (P-C. P.) and biological (B. P.) parameters measured during the different operations. Period Stations interval P-C. P. B. P. Apr 02-Apr 03 (S1) N12, M33 10 ± 3.6 days T., S., IF, Nut.2 Chl, PE, FC Apr 02-May 03 (S2) O1, L2, L3, MAA Monthly T., S., IF, Nut.3 Chl, PE, FC4 Sep 02-Apr 03 (S3) Other stations1 Monthly T., S., IF Chl5,PE5 13-14 June 036(S4) O1, O2, O3, L2, L3 Tide cycles T., S., IF, Nut.3 Chl, PE T. = Temperature; S. = Salinity; IF = in vivo chl a fluorescence; Chl = chlorophylls; PE = phycoerythrins; FC = cell counts by flow cytometry; Nut. = nutrients. 1 2 3 4 5 28–30 stations in the south west lagoon according to weather conditions; NO3+NO2,PO4,NH4,Si(OH)4; NO3+NO2,PO4; April 2003 only; sampling at the surface only; 6Diapalis 8 cruise. until 20◦S is observed during winter cooling and consecutive southwestern part, it is larger and separated from the ocean water column mixing [13]. Another increase of Tchl a near by a nearly continuous emerging barrier reef interrupted the barrier reef (Uitoe´ pass) seems related to nutrients and only by a few passages (Figure 1). At the southeast end, Tchl a ouput from the lagoon [14]. Nevertheless, during it is more open to the surrounding ocean and the main trade wind events, upwelling along the barrier reef could also input of oceanic waters to occur there, especially when enhance the phytoplanktonic production [15]. southeast trade winds are blowing [23]. Its mean depth is The bulk Tchl a concentration does not give information 17.5 m, but maximum depths of 60–70 m are observed in on the effect of environmental forcing on the structure the narrow canyons located in front of the passes. Climatic of phytoplankton communities. Other phytoplankton pig- conditions are characterized by periods of heavy rain in ments can help to determine this structure via more-or-less summer (200–600 mm per 24 h). River outflows and run- specific chemotaxonomic markers [16]. In the present work, off from the steep slopes bordering the lagoon carry mineral spectrofluorometric methods were implemented to analyze and organic particulate matter as well as dissolved nutrients the different chlorophylls [17, 18] and phycoerythrins [19, that can stimulate phytoplankton growth and productivity in 20] in samples collected during several investigations in the lagoon. Mining activities (nickel, chrome) also facilitate the SWL and in the adjacent oceanic area in 2002 and land erosion during runoff. The anthropogenic influence is 2003. Outside the information on community structure, the also important in the SWL and is related to waste water spectrofluorometric chlorophyll analysis reduces pitfalls in and industrial effluents originating from the capital of New the determination of Tchl a that are inherent to the classical Caledonia, Noumea´ [24], and its suburbs (nearly 160 000 fluorometric and spectrophotometric method [21]. inhabitants). The important question addressed in this study was ff how the community structure was a ected by environmental 2.2. Stations. Several operations were conducted at different forcing. For that, the objectives were (1) to examine temporal stations with various sampling interval using the R/V “Coris”. variability of phytoplankton biomass and community struc- They are summarized in Table 1. ture through pigment composition in relation to variations From 4 April 2002 to 9 April 2003, morning sampling of environmental physico-chemical factors at the weekly, (S1) was realized at two stations with a mean (±SD) interval monthly, and seasonal scales, and (2) to analyze the effect of 10.3 (±3.6) days (Figure 1,opensquares).Theobjective of meteorological events as strong SE trade winds (mean was to compare a station submitted to untreated sewage 20 knots), heavy rains, cyclone on the pigment abundance, input from Noumea´ (N12 in the Sainte Marie Bay; sampling and distribution in the SWL.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Hurricane Operations Plan
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL COORDINATOR FOR METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH National Hurricane Operations Plan FCM-P12-2015 Washington, DC May 2015 THE INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH (ICMSSR) MR. DAVID McCARREN, CHAIR MR. PAUL FONTAINE Acting Federal Coordinator Federal Aviation Administration Department of Transportation MR. MARK BRUSBERG Department of Agriculture DR. JONATHAN M. BERKSON United States Coast Guard DR. LOUIS UCCELLINI Department of Homeland Security Department of Commerce DR. DAVID R. REIDMILLER MR. SCOTT LIVEZEY Department of State United States Navy Department of Defense DR. ROHIT MATHUR Environmental Protection Agency MR. RALPH STOFFLER United States Air Force DR. EDWARD CONNER Department of Defense Federal Emergency Management Agency Department of Homeland Security MR. RICKEY PETTY Department of Energy DR. RAMESH KAKAR National Aeronautics and Space MR. JOEL WALL Administration Science and Technology Directorate Department of Homeland Security DR. PAUL B. SHEPSON National Science Foundation MR. JOHN VIMONT Department of the Interior MR. DONALD E. EICK National Transportation Safety Board MR. MARK KEHRLI Federal Highway Administration MR. SCOTT FLANDERS Department of Transportation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission MR. MICHAEL C. CLARK Office of Management and Budget MR. MICHAEL BONADONNA, Secretariat Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research Cover Image NOAA GOES-13, 15 October 2014; Hurricane Gonzalo; Credit: NOAA Environmental Visualization Laboratory FEDERAL COORDINATOR FOR METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES AND SUPPORTING RESEARCH 1325 East-West Highway, Suite 7130 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301-628-0112 http://www.ofcm.gov/ NATIONAL HURRICANE OPERATIONS PLAN http://www.ofcm.gov/nhop/15/nhop15.htm FCM-P12-2015 Washington, D.C.
    [Show full text]
  • 12. Status of the Coral Reefs in the South West Pacific
    12. STATUS O F THE CORAL REE F S IN THE SOUTH WEST PAC I F I C : FIJI , NEW CALEDONIA , SAMOA , SOLOMON ISLANDS , TUVALU AND V ANUATU EDITORS : CH ERIE MORRIS AND KENNET H MA C KAY . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM : JOY C E AH LEONG , CLAIRE GARRGUE , NELLY KERE , BRUNO MANELE , TUPULAGA POULASI , JASON RAUBANI , MARIA SAPATU , SEBASTIEN SARRAMEGNA , HELEN SYKES , CH RISTOP H ER BARTLETT , SABRINA VIRLY , AND LAURENT WANTIEZ AB STRA C T zx Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Samoa and Tuvalu report monitoring data for this report, with data from a broad range of observers (scientists, students, dive guides and communities); Nauru has not conducted recent monitoring; zx Coral cover has changed since the 2004 report due to effective management (positive), or local disturbances, coral predation and natural disasters (negative). Average coral cover at monitoring sites was 45% in Fiji; 27% in New Caledonia; 43% in Samoa; 30% in Solomon Islands; 65% in Tuvalu; and 26% in Vanuatu; zx Monitoring observations over 9–10 years in Fiji and New Caledonia indicate that these reefs have coped reasonably well with natural and human stressors without catastrophic changes; zx Densities of edible fish and invertebrates remained generally low (0–10/100m2) in 4 countries reflecting high subsistence and commercial fishing pressure. Butterflyfish, parrotfish, surgeonfish and damselfish were generally most dominant. High densities of parrotfish were reported from 4 countries; zx Socioeconomic monitoring is conducted in Fiji, Samoa and Solomon Islands. Greatest activity is by the Fiji Locally Marine Managed Area (FLMMA) network at 270 villages across all Fiji provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Risk and Impact Assessment Plan Final Feb2014.Pdf
    © Commonwealth of Australia 2013 Published by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Tropical Cyclone Risk and Impact Assessment Plan Second Edition ISSN 2200-2049 ISBN 978-1-922126-34-4 Second Edition (pdf) This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without the prior written permission of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Director, Communications and Parliamentary 2-68 Flinders Street PO Box 1379 TOWNSVILLE QLD 4810 Australia Phone: (07) 4750 0700 Fax: (07) 4772 6093 [email protected] Comments and enquiries on this document are welcome and should be addressed to: Director, Ecosystem Conservation and Resilience [email protected] www.gbrmpa.gov.au ii Tropical Cyclone Risk and Impact Assessment Plan — GBRMPA Executive summary Waves generated by tropical cyclones can cause major physical damage to coral reef ecosystems. Tropical cyclones (cyclones) are natural meteorological events which cannot be prevented. However, the combination of their impacts and those of other stressors — such as poor water quality, crown-of-thorns starfish predation and warm ocean temperatures — can permanently damage reefs if recovery time is insufficient. In the short term, management response to a particular tropical cyclone may be warranted to promote recovery if critical resources are affected. Over the long term, using modelling and field surveys to assess the impacts of individual tropical cyclones as they occur will ensure that management of the Great Barrier Reef represents world best practice. This Tropical Cyclone Risk and Impact Assessment Plan was first developed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) in April 2011 after tropical cyclone Yasi (one of the largest category 5 cyclones in Australia’s recorded history) crossed the Great Barrier Reef near Mission Beach in North Queensland.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Analysis of Climate Change
    Competence Centre for Climate Change Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas (ICCA) Final study report The study “Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas”, produced by the Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR, was commissioned by the Inventory of Methods for Adaptation to Climate Change (IMACC) project, a global project by the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammen­ arbeit (GIZ) GmbH, and funded through the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). The project aims at user­driven application and advancement of existing tools and methods for adaptation, developing capacities for adaptation action and supporting South­to­South exchange, particularly among its seven partner countries: Grenada, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Philippines, Tunisia and South Africa. IMACC operates the platform AdaptationCommunity.net that provides intro­ duction to key topics of adaptation, examples of adaptation experiences and serves as an exchange and webinar platform. CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 4 1�1 Objectives of the study �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 1�2 Rationale for the study �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Tropical coastal areas ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 The impact
    [Show full text]
  • MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas (ICCA): Final Study Report Emilia Pramova, Florie Chazarin, Bruno Locatelli, Michael Hoppe
    Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas (ICCA): Final study report Emilia Pramova, Florie Chazarin, Bruno Locatelli, Michael Hoppe To cite this version: Emilia Pramova, Florie Chazarin, Bruno Locatelli, Michael Hoppe. Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas (ICCA): Final study report. [Research Report] Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusam- menarbeit (GIZ) GmbH; CIFOR. 2013. cirad-01104468 HAL Id: cirad-01104468 http://hal.cirad.fr/cirad-01104468 Submitted on 16 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Competence Centre for Climate Change Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas (ICCA) Final study report The study “Climate Change Impact Chains in Coastal Areas”, produced by the Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR, was commissioned by the Inventory of Methods for Adaptation to Climate Change (IMACC) project, a global project by the Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammen­ arbeit (GIZ) GmbH, and funded through the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU). The project aims at user­driven application and advancement of existing tools and methods for adaptation, developing capacities for adaptation action and supporting South­to­South exchange, particularly among its seven partner countries: Grenada, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Philippines, Tunisia and South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Industry Project for Objective Tropical Cyclone Reanalysis: Final Report
    Objective Tropical Cyclone Reanalysis JIP Printed: 19/12/2018 Joint Industry Project for Objective Tropical Cyclone Reanalysis: Final Report Image: Renavigated infrared image showing Tropical Cyclone Jane off the northwest coast, 0531 UTC 8 January 1983. Bureau of Meteorology 7 September 2018 Page 1 of 90 Objective Tropical Cyclone Reanalysis JIP Printed: 19/12/2018 Revision History Date Version Description/Changes Author 25/07/2018 V0.4 Initial draft Joe Courtney [email protected] 24/08/2018 V0.9 Draft for formal review Joe Courtney and Andrew Burton 28/08/2018 V1.0 Update to CP Joe Courtney and Andrew Burton Revision of summary and 7/09/2018 V1.3 Joe Courtney and Andrew Burton conclusions Approvals Date Version Approved by 24/08/2018 V0.9 A. Burton 7/09/2018 V1.3 A. Burton Partners The Commonwealth of Australia as represented by the Bureau of Meteorology NERA (National Energy Resources Australia) Shell Australia Pty Ltd Woodside Energy Ltd Chevron Australia Pty Ltd Page 2 of 90 Objective Tropical Cyclone Reanalysis JIP Printed: 19/12/2018 Acronyms ADT Advanced Dvorak Technique ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer BT Best Track database (BoM) BoM Bureau of Meteorology CI Dvorak Current Intensity number. Directly relates to Vm. CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (University of Wisconsin) CIRA Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (Colorado State University) CKZ Courtney-Knaff-Zehr wind pressure relationship CP Central Pressure DAV Deviation Angle Variance technique for wind radii dataset by UNSW ERA-interim ECMWF reanalysis dataset FT Final T. number in the Dvorak Technique Knaff Wind radii dataset, using IR; named after author J.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensitivity of Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Models to the Coupling Method : Example of Tropical Cyclone Erica
    Sensitivity of ocean-atmosphere coupled models to the coupling method : example of tropical cyclone Erica Florian Lemarié, Patrick Marchesiello, Laurent Debreu, Eric Blayo RESEARCH REPORT N° 8651 December 2014 Project-Team MOISE ISSN 0249-6399 ISRN INRIA/RR--8651--FR+ENG Sensitivity of ocean-atmosphere coupled models to the coupling method : example of tropical cyclone Erica Florian Lemarié ∗, Patrick Marchesiello, Laurent Debreu, Eric Blayo Project-Team MOISE Research Report n° 8651 — December 2014 — 32 pages Abstract: In this paper, the sensitivity of Atmospheric and Oceanic Coupled Models (AOCMs) to the coupling method is investigated. We propose the adaptation of a Schwarz-like domain decomposition method to AOCMs. We show that the iterative process of the method ensures con- sistency of the coupled solution across the air-sea interface, contrarily to usual ad-hoc algorithmic approaches. The latter are equivalent to only one iteration of a Schwarz-like iterative method, which does not provide a converged state. It is generally assumed that this lack of consistency does not affect significantly the physical properties of the solution. The relevancy of this statement is first assessed in a simplified problem, then in the realistic application of a mesoscale atmospheric model (WRF) coupled with a regional oceanic model (ROMS) to simulate the genesis and prop- agation of tropical cyclone Erica. Sensitivity tests to the coupling method are carried out in an ensemble approach. We show that with a mathematically consistent coupling the spread of the ensemble is reduced, suggesting that there is room for further improvements in the formulation of AOCMs at a mathematical and numerical level.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Pike (Esox Lucius), and Sheatfish (Silurus Glanis) Fillets
    Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51(2), 2021, 119–129 | DOI 10.3897/aiep.51.63281 A nitrogen factor for European pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), northern pike (Esox lucius), and sheatfish (Silurus glanis) fillets Alena HONZLOVA1, Helena CURDOVA1, Lenka SCHEBESTOVA1, Alzbeta STARA2, Josef PRIBORSKY2, Anna KOUBOVA2, Zdenka SVOBODOVA2, Josef VELISEK2 1 State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic 2 University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology Vodnany, Vodnany, Czech Republic http://zoobank.org/DA43B616-D17B-4D49-8B88-2F008974B2CD Corresponding author: Josef VELISEK ([email protected]) Academic editor: J. Kiełpińska ♦ Received 8 July 2020 ♦ Accepted 19 December 2020 ♦ Published 8 June 2021 Citation: Honzlova A, Curdova H, Schebestova L, Stara A, Priborsky J, Koubova A, Svobodova Z, Velisek J (2021) A nitrogen factor for European pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), northern pike (Esox lucius), and sheatfish Silurus( glanis) fillets. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 51(2): 119–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.51.63281 Abstract Measures for consumer protection against food adulteration and misleading labeling are integrated into EU legislation, including methods for detection of misleading practices. Verification of meat content is available for marine products but not for freshwater fish because of the lack of standard nitrogen factors. The aim of this study was to establish nitrogen factors for European pike-perch Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758), northern pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758, and sheatfish Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758. The study involved analysis of 808 fillet samples obtained in spring (March–April) and autumn (October–November) harvest seasons, 2018–2019, from seven Czech Republic fish rearing facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South­East Indian Ocean
    W O R L D M E T E O R O L O G I C A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N T E C H N I C A L D O C U M E N T WMO/TD­No. 292 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME Report No. TCP­24 TROPICAL CYCLONE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH­EAST INDIAN OCEAN 2006 Edition SECRETARIAT OF THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION GENEVA ­ SWITZERLAND © World Meteorological Organization 2006 N O T E The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ­ 2 ­ 2006 Edition CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 ­ GENERAL 1.1 Objective I­1 1.2 Status of the document I­1 1.3 Scope I­1 1.4 Structure of the document I­2 1.4.1 Text I­2 1.4.2 Attachments I­2 1.5 Arrangements for updating I­2 1.6 Operational terminology used in the South Pacific I­2 1.6.1 Equivalent terms I­2 1.6.1.1 Weather disturbance classification I­2 1.6.1.2 Cyclone related terms I­2 1.6.1.3 Warning system related terms I­3 1.6.1.4 Warnings related terms I­4 1.6.2 Meanings of terms used for regional exchange I­4 1.7 Units and indicators used for regional exchange I­7 1.7.1 Marine I­7 1.7.2 Non­marine I­7 1.8 Identification of tropical cyclones I­7 CHAPTER 2 ­ RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEMBERS 2.1 Area of responsibility II­1 2.1.1 Forecasts and warnings for the general population II­1 2.1.1.1 Special Advisories for National
    [Show full text]
  • Population Status, Fisheries and Trade of Sea Cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific Jeff Kinch, Steve Purcell, Sven Uthicke and Kim Friedman
    Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific Jeff Kinch, Steve Purcell, Sven Uthicke and Kim Friedman Papua New Guinea: a hotspot of sea cucumber fisheries in the Western Central Pacific Jeff Kinch, Steve Purcell, Sven Uthicke and Kim Friedman 7 Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific Jeff Kinch Secretariat for the Pacific Regional Environment Program Apia, Samoa E-mail: jeffk@sprep. org Steven Purcell The WorldFish Center Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia E-mail: [email protected] Sven Uthicke Australian Institute of Marine Science Queensland, Australia E-mail: s. [email protected] . au Kim Friedman Secretariat of the Pacific Community Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia E-mail: [email protected] Kinch, J.; Purcell, S.; Uthicke, S.; Friedman, K. 2008. Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in the Western Central Pacific. In V. Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli and M. Vasconcellos. Sea cucumbers. A global review of fisheries and trade. F AO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper. No. 5 f 6. Rome, FAO. pp. 7-55. SUMMARY in the Western Central Pacific region, most sea cucumber fisheries have exhibited boom- and-bust cycles since the late nineteenth century. Since the 1980s, elevated export prices and demand from Asian markets have been the catalysts for increased fishing. At many localities, high-value species have been depleted and previously unfished species are now exploited. The sustainability of these fisheries is of widespread concern. Australia and Melanesian countries are the largest exporters of bêche-de-mer in the region. While annual exports from Melanesian countries have not declined markedly over the last two decades, those from Polynesia and Micronesia have.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter No
    ECMWF Newsletter No. 102 – Winter 2004/05 In this issue Editorial Editorial . 1 n page 2 Thierry Lefort (Météo-France) out- Changes to the operational weather prediction system 1 lines the progress that forecasters have made Oin medium-range forecasting for New Cale- METEOROLOGY donia using ECMWF and other forecast products, Starting up medium-range forecasting for New while on page 7 François Lalaurette gives an update on Caledonia in the South-West Pacific Ocean – a not so boring tropical climate. 2 recent developments at ECMWF in predicting tropi- Early medium-range forecasts of tropical cyclones . 7 cal cyclones in the early medium-range, and describes A snowstorm in north-western Turkey some new products available on the web site.The dif- 12–13 February 2004 – ficult practical decisions that forecasters have to make Forecasts, public warnings and lessons learned – . 15 when faced with the threat of severe weather are dis- Planning of adaptive observations during the cussed on page 15 by members of the Turkish Weather Atlantic THORPEX Regional Campaign 2003 . 16 Service.The article on page 16 by Martin Leutbecher Two new cycles of the IFS: 26r3 and 28r1 . 26 and colleagues describes some experiments to assess COMPUTING the usefulness of making additional targeted observa- 25 years since the first operational forecast . 36 tions in areas that are considered likely to be sensitive for the subsequent forecast. Details of the improve- GENERAL ments made to the Integrated Forecasting System in 61st Council session on 13–14 December 2004 . 39 two recent cycles – Cycle 26r3 (operational on 7 ECMWF Calendar 2005.
    [Show full text]