DOCSLIB.ORG

9387F5d96811be2ab9a21a7ce0f

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
9387F5d96811be2ab9a21a7ce0f About The Habibie Center The Habibie Center was founded by Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie and family in 1999 as an independent, nongovernmental, non-profit organisation. The vision of The Habibie Cen- ter is to create a structurally democratic society founded on the morality and integrity of cultural and religious values. The missions of The Habibie Center are first, to establish a structurally and culturally democratic society that recognizes, respects, and promotes human rights by undertaking study and advocacy of issues related to democratization and human rights, and second, to increase the effectiveness of the management of human resources and the spread of technology. Project Supervisor: Ir. Hadi Kuntjara, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D (Executive Director) Research Team: Imron Rasyid Johari Efendi Muhamad Arif Nurina Vidya Hutagalung Sopar Peranto Supporting Staff: Natassa Irena Agam (Finance) Mayka R. (Layout and Design) CIVIL LIBERTIES AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN ASEAN I Contents About The Habibie Center i Contents ii Preface iii Executive Summary iv List of Abbreviations vii Section 1: Introduction 1 General Description of Southeast Asia 3 Methodology and Writing Structure 6 Section 2: Civil Liberties in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand 7 2.1. Indonesia: A Case of Withering Success in Democratic Transition 8 A Portrait of Civil Liberties in Indonesia 8 The Decline of Civil Liberties in Indonesia 10 Regulatory Factors 11 The Polarization of National Politics 13 The Weakening Trust on the Roles of Civil Society Organizations 14 Civil Liberties in Indonesia within the Past Decade 14 2.2. Malaysia: The Bright Spot in Asia? 16 Regulatory Factors 17 Political Changes in Malaysia 17 Civil Liberties in Malaysia Prior to the 2018 Election 18 Civil Liberties Post 2018 Election 21 2.3. Thailand: Stagnation in Civil Liberties Amidst Improvement in Democracy Index 23 Introduction 23 A Brief History of Democracy in Thailand 24 Regulatory Factors 25 Stricter Regulations to CSOs/NGOs’ Activities 26 A Review on Civil Liberties During and After the Ruling of Military Junta 27 Section 3: Conclusion and Recommendations 31 Bibliography 35 II CIVIL LIBERTIES AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN ASEAN Preface he providence of civic spaces and ensuring The Habibie Center views that civil liberties need to fundamental rights of association, assembly, be discussed amidst the declining trend of global T and speech are essential in a democracy. democracy. Therefore, in November 2019, The Democratic states are obligated to ensure civil Habibie Center held a seminar entitled Shrinking liberties for its citizens to allow multiple perspectives Civic Space and Peace Building in ASEAN: Challenge to coexist. The importance of civil liberties is and Recommendation for Indonesia, Malaysia, and reflected by the incorporation of this issue into the Thailand. The seminar invited experts from said Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the United countries. The seminar was intended as a forum to Nations, strengthened by International Covenant on allow for information-sharing and discussion about Civil and Political Rights. In addition, constitutions the situation of civil liberties in each country, as well in democratic states should guarantee civil liberties. as identifying recommendations for the governments However, constitutional guarantee does not and civil society organizations in providing and automatically push a country to ensure civil rights. ensuring civil liberties in each country. Considering Multiple obstacles are present in struggles for civil the importance of issues on civil liberties, the result rights, which come in the forms of regulatory factors of the seminar was supported by desk review and a as well as violations against civil liberties in day to focus-group discussion, which are encapsulated in day life. this report. in contrast to the much less disputed freedom of The Habibie Center’s research team would like to religion and beliefs, which most countries do respect, extend our gratitude to multiple parties who have freedom of association, assembly, and speech could contributed their inputs and comments to this be restricted. Restriction may be imposed under report. We would also like to express our utmost multiple possible considerations, such as security, gratitude to The Sasakawa Peace Foundation for their public safety and morals, and general public health. support for the seminar and throughout the writing It is also possible that the principles of necessity, process of this report. This report is written as The legality, and proportionality are regarded in attempts Habibie Center’s contribution for the development to restrict civil liberties. of democracy in Indonesia and ASEAN. CIVIL LIBERTIES AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN ASEAN III Executive Summary reedom of association, assembly, and speech, Important findings from this report are: as an important component for civil liberties, 1. Malaysia and Thailand’s successes to hold peaceful Fis experiencing major obstacles, as it is elections enabled these countries to improve their increasingly restricted in multiple countries, including performances in the Democracy Index, in which in ASEAN member states, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, they were ranked at the 43rd and 68th positions, and Thailand, which become the focus of this report. respectively. However, Indonesia is only able to Populist politics became a factor to the strengthened acquire the 64th position, achieving an increase of restrictions against civil liberties. Populist politics – one rank from the previous year. Indonesia used which supports discrimination and rejection towards to exemplify how democratic transition could be cultural, religion, political choices, and racial plurality achieved successfully, although today, the country – is gaining more traction within the last few years. has faced polarization among societal groups since Aside from populism, major increase in fake news, the 2014 election. hoax, and hate speech on social media platforms has also disrupted national security, further justifying 2. A better position in the Democracy Index does attempts to delimit civil liberties. These tendencies not automatically translate to improvement in civil harm democratic values and its growth within the liberties. Such condition emerged as an increase region. in direct political participation and procedural democracy from civilians has led to better functioning Civil liberties are regarded as fundamental rights governances in all three countries. However, multiple for all citizens, as stated in the Universal Declaration regulatory loopholes hindered civilians from taking of Human Rights (UDHR). All countries are obliged control over the democratically elected governments, to provide and ensure civil liberties. International who have turned to restrictive measures towards civil Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) liberties. In practice, constitutions which guarantee also stated that civil liberties could be impeded civil liberties do not fulfil their purposes. under multiple considerations, such as: national security, public safety and moral, and the rights of 3. This report found that Indonesia, Malaysia, and other people. Such measure should be taken with Thailand’s constitutions endorse civil liberties. considerations on the principles of necessity, legality, However, regulations under their constitutions put and proportionality. Multiple parties have stated that out a lot of restricting rules to impede civil liberties. violations on civil liberties characterize the demise of Therefore, these countries need to formulate democracy. regulations which are harmonious with measures which could facilitate civil liberties. IV CIVIL LIBERTIES AND DEMOCRATIZATION IN ASEAN 4. Measures to limit civil liberties have been taken Third, Indonesia needs to put more effort to achieve by both state and non-state actors. These measures, better democracy after the existing identity-based as demonstrated by multiple cases in all three political polarization in 2014 to 2019. Depolarization is countries, may include: (a) restrictions on freedom needed through resistance against the hegemony of of association, assembly, and speech; (b) utilizing the ruling parties of political elites whose narratives legal articles which call for coercive measures against often perpetuate social discord. Considering critical activists who stood in opposition of the ruling alternative narratives which could topple discourses government; (c) coercion against anti-corruption, pertaining to conflictual narratives is also needed. environmental, pro-democracy, and student Such narratives could be developed by members activists; (d) restraints on mass media and violence of civil society or the academia, such as scholars or against journalists; (e) limitations towards activities students; as well as supporting political elites who are by civil society organizations; and (f) violence against in favor of pluralism and do not involve themselves in marginalized groups, such as minorities, women, and the existing contentions. indigenous peoples. Fourth, building networks among members of civil The non-interference doctrine in ASEAN pushed its society would facilitate a safe space for the society, members to strengthen their respective democracies as well as CSOs, to advocate against abuse of power from within in order to contribute to regional-level by the government. development of democracy. However, cooperation between civil society organizations should be Fifth, a data-based research
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Malaysia 2019 Human Rights Report
    MALAYSIA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy. It has a parliamentary system of government selected through regular, multiparty elections and is headed by a prime minister. The king is the head of state, serves a largely ceremonial role, and has a five-year term. Sultan Muhammad V resigned as king on January 6 after serving two years; Sultan Abdullah succeeded him that month. The kingship rotates among the sultans of the nine states with hereditary rulers. In 2018 parliamentary elections, the opposition Pakatan Harapan coalition defeated the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, resulting in the first transfer of power between coalitions since independence in 1957. Before and during the campaign, then opposition politicians and civil society organizations alleged electoral irregularities and systemic disadvantages for opposition groups due to lack of media access and malapportioned districts favoring the then ruling coalition. The Royal Malaysian Police maintain internal security and report to the Ministry of Home Affairs. State-level Islamic religious enforcement officers have authority to enforce some criminal aspects of sharia. Civilian authorities at times did not maintain effective control over security forces. Significant human rights issues included: reports of unlawful or arbitrary killings by the government or its agents; reports of torture; arbitrary detention; harsh and life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary or unlawful interference with privacy; reports of problems with
    [Show full text]
  • 4-The-Truth-About-Sarawaks-Forest
    8/28/2020 The Truth About Sarawak's 'Forest Cover' - Why Shell Should Think Twice Before Engaging With The Timber Crooks | Sarawak Report Secure Key Contact instructions Donate to Sarawak Report Facebook Twitter Sarawak Report Latest Stories Sections Birds Of A Feather Flock Together? "I Am Alright Jack" AKA Najib Razak? Coup Coalition's 1MDB Cover-Up Continues As Talks Confirmed With IPIC GOLF DIPLOMACY AND "BACK-CHANNEL LOBBYING" - US$8 Million To Lobby President Trump, But Najib's Golf Got Cancelled! The Hawaii Connection - How Jho Low Secretly Lobbied Trump For Najib Over 1MDB! 'Back To Normal' With The Same Tired Tricksters And Their Same Old Playbook - Of Sex, Lies and Videotape Stories Talkbacks Campaign Platform Speaker's Corner Press About Sarawak Report Tweet https://www.sarawakreport.org/2019/06/the-truth-about-sarawaks-forest-cover-why-shell-should-think-before-engaging-with-the-timber-crooks/ 1/5 8/28/2020 The Truth About Sarawak's 'Forest Cover' - Why Shell Should Think Twice Before Engaging With The Timber Crooks | Sarawak Report The Truth About Sarawak's 'Forest Cover' - Why Shell Should Think Twice Before Engaging With The Timber Crooks 16 June 2019 Looking for all the world like a gruesome bunch of mafia dons, the head honchos of Sarawak dressed casual this weekend and waddled out to some turf to grin for their favourite PR organ, the Borneo Post (owned by the timber barons of KTS) in order to proclaim their belated attempt to get onto the tree planting band-waggon. The broad face of the mysteriously wealthy deputy chief minister, Awang Tengah dominated the shot (his earlier positions included chairman and director of the Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation and minister of Urban Development and Natural Resources).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Keynote Address by Prime Minister of Malaysia Yab Tun Dr Mahathir Bin Mohamad First-Year Anniversary of the Pakatan Harapan G
    KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY PRIME MINISTER OF MALAYSIA YAB TUN DR MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD FIRST-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE PAKATAN HARAPAN GOVERNMENT ON 9TH MEI 2019 (THURSDAY) AT PUTRAJAYA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE (PICC) Assalamualaikum and Good Afternoon. 1. I am grateful to be able to be with all of you here and delivering a speech in conjunction with the first-year anniversary of the Pakatan Harapan Government. 2. First of all, I am thankful to be granted longevity in life, thus enabling me to continue serving this country of ours. 3. Secondly, our country remains peaceful, and during this fasting month all Muslims are able to perform their religious obligations in peace and harmony. 4. I am also grateful that during the Government transition, it was not marred by riots or violence despite attempts made to undermine the election results. 5. Feeling grateful, however, does not mean that we are not aware of the heavy responsibilities that we need to shoulder. 6. Pakatan Harapan was established as a coalition of four parties. Its grand purpose - is to topple the Barisan Nasional Government led by Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak. 7. The four parties with differing ideas and objectives agreed to work together because all were aware that they would not be able to defeat the BN Government if they were on their own. If they could not set aside their individual needs and join hands to save Malaysia from a kleptocratic Government, the future of this country will be at stake and the people will continue to suffer. It is likely that Malaysia will be what is known as a "failed state".
    [Show full text]
  • PDF File Link Here
    ` The British Malaysian Society Newsletter – Summer 2017 SAVE THE DATE BMS AGM and President’s Reception The British Malaysian Society held its We have three special events later this year, the th Annual General Meeting at the 60 Merdeka, so please save the following Travellers Club, Pall Mall, London, dates: on Thursday 15 June. About 40 Tuesday 3 October members and guests attended. The President, Sir Mark Moody- Merdeka Concert, a musical evening by Stuart, thanked the Chairman and the Malaysian performers to celebrate 60 years of Executive Committee for their support independence. An optional supper following the and service to the Society. He also performance will be available. commended the Society’s move to Concert at St Lawrence Jewry, 6.00pm - 8.00pm involve more students and fully supported the Committee’s efforts to Supper at the Guildhall Club, London, 8.30pm explore all avenues in creating (From left): Peter Farrar (Hon Treasurer), effective student engagement. Tuesday 31 October Dato’ Anthony Cooper (Chairman) and The President’s reception followed Annual Dinner at the Inner Temple Dr Euvian Tan (Hon Secretary) the AGM. 7.00pm – 10.30pm Monday 18 December Chairman’s Christmas Reception Chairman’s report House of Lords The Chairman said 2016 had been an The Chairman, Anthony Cooper, 6.30pm – 8.30pm to the AGM. active year during which the BMS had welcomed all attendees There will be a charge for each of these events. held 14 events – two topical, three on business matters, four on education and More details are on our website and booking will culture, and five other events including the open after notices have been sent out a few weeks annual dinner.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taib Timber Mafia
    The Taib Timber Mafia Facts and Figures on Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) from Sarawak, Malaysia 20 September 2012 Bruno Manser Fund - The Taib Timber Mafia Contents Sarawak, an environmental crime hotspot ................................................................................. 4 1. The “Stop Timber Corruption” Campaign ............................................................................... 5 2. The aim of this report .............................................................................................................. 5 3. Sources used for this report .................................................................................................... 6 4. Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 6 5. What is a “PEP”? ....................................................................................................................... 7 6. Specific due diligence requirements for financial service providers when dealing with PEPs ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 7. The Taib Family ....................................................................................................................... 9 8. Taib’s modus operandi ............................................................................................................ 9 9. Portraits of individual Taib family members ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE UNREALIZED MAHATHIR-ANWAR TRANSITIONS Social Divides and Political Consequences
    THE UNREALIZED MAHATHIR-ANWAR TRANSITIONS Social Divides and Political Consequences Khoo Boo Teik TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ISSN 0219-3213 TRS15/21s ISSUE ISBN 978-981-5011-00-5 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 15 Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 7 8 9 8 1 5 0 1 1 0 0 5 2021 21-J07781 00 Trends_2021-15 cover.indd 1 8/7/21 12:26 PM TRENDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 21-J07781 01 Trends_2021-15.indd 1 9/7/21 8:37 AM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Singapore APEC Study Centre and the Temasek History Research Centre (THRC). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 21-J07781 01 Trends_2021-15.indd 2 9/7/21 8:37 AM THE UNREALIZED MAHATHIR-ANWAR TRANSITIONS Social Divides and Political Consequences Khoo Boo Teik ISSUE 15 2021 21-J07781 01 Trends_2021-15.indd 3 9/7/21 8:37 AM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2021 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds
    Seattle Pacific University Digital Commons @ SPU Honors Projects University Scholars Spring 6-7-2021 The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds Chea-Mun Tan Seattle Pacific University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/honorsprojects Part of the Economics Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Tan, Chea-Mun, "The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia's 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds" (2021). Honors Projects. 131. https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/honorsprojects/131 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the University Scholars at Digital Commons @ SPU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ SPU. The 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal: Exploring Malaysia’s 2018 General Elections and the Case for Sovereign Wealth Funds by Chea-Mun Tan First Reader, Dr. Doug Downing Second Reader, Dr. Hau Nguyen A project submitted in partial fulfillMent of the requireMents of the University Scholars Honors Project Seattle Pacific University 2021 Tan 2 Abstract In 2015, the former PriMe Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak, was accused of corruption, eMbezzleMent, and fraud of over $700 million USD. Low Taek Jho, the former financier of Malaysia, was also accused and dubbed the ‘mastermind’ of the 1MDB scandal. As one of the world’s largest financial scandals, this paper seeks to explore the political and economic iMplications of 1MDB through historical context and a critical assessMent of governance. Specifically, it will exaMine the economic and political agendas of former PriMe Ministers Najib Razak and Mahathir MohaMad.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Malaysia Incorporated': Corporatism a La Mahathir
    Institutions and Economies Vol. 6, No. 1, April 2014, pp. 73-94 ‘Malaysia Incorporated’: Corporatism a la Mahathir Jomo Kwame Sundarama Abstract: Mahathir’s “Malaysia Incorporated” policy is reviewed here against how the Malaysian state evolved before the mid-1980s recession, including the first half decade of Mahathir’s premiership. After a decade and a half of growing regulation and public sector expansion, ostensibly to restructure society by strengthening the Malay business and middle classes and in pursuit of Mahathir’s heavy industrialisation project, the policy sought to reverse earlier excesses through some economic and cultural liberalisation following the 1985- 1986 recession. This was followed by rapid growth from the late 1980s until the 1997-1998 Asian crisis. While business organisations have had limited, if not declining influence, some individual businessmen have become increasingly politically influential in securing state intervention to advance their particular interests. Mahathir’s corporatism – implied by the “Malaysia Incorporated” slogan – was largely limited to promoting company-level corporatism through in-house unions and better government-business relations. Instead of mobilising and incorporating organised labour – besides the short-lived Malaysian Labour Organization – in his corporatist project, there was little effort to improve industrial relations, suggesting that his corporatist project was largely limited to bridging the ethnic divide, rather than other social divisions. Keywords: Corporatism, industrial
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia's Pathway Through Financial Crisis
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Jomo Kwame Sundaram Working Paper Malaysia's pathway through financial crisis GEG Working Paper, No. 2004/08 Provided in Cooperation with: University of Oxford, Global Economic Governance Programme (GEG) Suggested Citation: Jomo Kwame Sundaram (2004) : Malaysia's pathway through financial crisis, GEG Working Paper, No. 2004/08, University of Oxford, Global Economic Governance Programme (GEG), Oxford This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/196271 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu • GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME • Jomo K. Sundaram, GEG Working Paper 2004/08 Jomo Kwame Sundaram Jomo Kwame Sundaram (Jomo K. S.) is Assistant Secretary General for Economic Development in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Najib Et Al Listening to the Voice of Conscience? Malaysiakini.Com July 7, 2015 by Stephen Ng
    Are Najib et al listening to the voice of conscience? MalaysiaKini.com July 7, 2015 By Stephen Ng COMMENT Amidst strong allegations that some RM2.6 billion had been funnelled into Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak’s personal accounts in AmPrivate Bank, one thing is clearly missing. It is the God-given voice of conscience. The only person who has come close to having some conscience is Najib himself, who denied that he had “stolen” the people’s money. This is the guilty conscience at work. We say that the voice of conscience has pricked the culprit that he has to say something in order to silence his own guilty conscience. For someone accused of taking the money, one can either hear the still voice of conscience and immediately admit that he had indeed stolen the money, or he will categorically deny it. After all, no thief - even one caught red handed - would admit that he has stolen his client’s money, would he? In any case, the voice of conscience will not be silenced at all. With time, it will grow louder, and even stronger, no matter how one tries to suppress it. Najib’s denial shows that at least the voice of conscience is doing its work. Compared to someone who is simply indifferent and continues on with life as if nothing has happened, at least Najib has responded to his own voice of conscience. Strangely, some have remained absolutely silent. One would expect that at this crucial juncture in Najib’s life, Rosmah Mansor would have spoken up.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientia MARDI Food and Agriculture As Well As Poverty African Countries to Overcome Extreme MARDI Headquarters, By: Dario Gilmozzi Reduction
    Challenges Innovation As Enabler In In Malaysia’s Developing Agrotourism Agrotourism Industry Products Pg2 Pg3 Apr 2015 Vol: 005 ISSN 2289-6511 9 772289 651006 Malaysia And FAO Strengthen Agrotechnology Parks As MARDI Orchid Hybrids Synchronized Flowering of Tecoma, Partnership Platforms For Agrotourism the Malaysian Cherry Blossoms Pg2 Pg5 Pg6 Pg9 Agrotourism In Malaysia: Direction And Development Strategy Malaysia, contributing 16.1% of the Gross Generally, agrotourism refers to the well as tourism segments. By: Dr. Chubashini Suntharalingam, Domestic Product in 2013 and supporting involvement of agricultural activities for Among the goals of the roadmap is to Rosnani Harun and Nik Rozana Nik Mohd 1.9 million jobs. the purpose of enjoyment and education. make agrotourism as a source of income Masdek, Economic and Technology Between 1998 and 2013, the number of Agrotourism in Malaysia has assisted for local communities. Management Research Centre, MARDI international tourists increased by ap- local communities, such as farmers, Most agrotourism entrepreneurs are proximately five folds, from 5.6 million educate visitors on farming activities and locals in rural communities and this has to 25.7 million. During the same period, in return the farmers are compensated for the potential for increasing the income of income generated by the arrival of in- the services offered. rural communities. The sector is being grotourism is a subsector of the ternational tourists also increased from A good roadmap and clear strategy developed with a variety of products based travel and tourism industry RM8.6 billion to RM65.44 billion. is crucial in any effort to develop on education, agriculture, food, health, that has huge potential and can A Venturing into agrotourism as a di- agrotourism under the National Agrofood homestays, exhibitions, handicrafts, faith increase farmers income regardless of versification strategy has brought great Policy 2011 - 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission
    MALAYSIANMALAYSIAN ANTI -ANTICORRUPTION-CORRUPTION COMMISSION COMMISSION (MACC) MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) Scandal MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION (MACC) MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION Equanimity Luxury Yacht The 300ft superyacht Equanimity built for US$250 million with money from 1MDB. MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION Introduction MACC started investigation of 1MDB in 2015 in collaboration with Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) and Central Bank of Malaysia. To coordinate and facilitate investigation, Task Force was formed and led by the Attorney General of Malaysia. MACC focus on the investigation of the RM2.6 billion credited into Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Razak (NR) personal’s account, while RMP concentrating on other cases related to 1MDB. MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION Technically, the investigations do not gone well, facing challenges such as harassment, transfer out and arrest of MACC officers, refusal to surrender related documents, witnesses were taken out of Malaysia and etc. MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION In the process of investigation, AG was asked to step down , Chief Commissioner and his Deputies were asked to leave MACC. List of forced step down politicians & Top Personnel: • Muhyiddin Yassin - Deputy Prime Minister • Shafie Apdal - Minister of Rural and Regional Development • Gani Patail - Attorney General of Malaysia • Abu Kassim Bin Mohamed – MACC Chief Commissioner • Shukri Abdul - Deputy MACC Chief Commissioner (Operation) • Mustafar Ali - Deputy MACC Chief Commissioner (Prevention) • Hamid Bador - Head of Special Branch of RMP MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION MALAYSIAN ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMISSION In 2016, MACC had been instructed to close the Investigation Paper (IP) by the new AG, Mr. Apandi Ali whom stated that there is NO criminal offence committed by the Prime Minister.
    [Show full text]