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Durham Research Online
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 10 June 2009 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Olechnowicz, A. (2007) 'Historians and the modern British monarchy.', in The monarchy and the British nation, 1780 to the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 6-44. Further information on publisher's website: http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521844611 Publisher's copyright statement: c Cambridge University Press 2007 Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk 1 Historians and the modern British monarchy Andrzej Olechnowicz Until the 1980s, academic historians of the nineteenth and twentieth cenruries largely ignored the British monarchy as an object of research; David Cannadine's celebrated 1983 essay on the monarchy's 'invention of tradition' can reasonably be taken as starting the current round of scholarly interest. 1 There was no one decisive reason for this change. -
Copyright Statement
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior consent. i ii REX WHISTLER (1905 – 1944): PATRONAGE AND ARTISTIC IDENTITY by NIKKI FRATER A thesis submitted to the University of Plymouth in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Humanities & Performing Arts Faculty of Arts and Humanities September 2014 iii Nikki Frater REX WHISTLER (1905-1944): PATRONAGE AND ARTISTIC IDENTITY Abstract This thesis explores the life and work of Rex Whistler, from his first commissions whilst at the Slade up until the time he enlisted for active service in World War Two. His death in that conflict meant that this was a career that lasted barely twenty years; however it comprised a large range of creative endeavours. Although all these facets of Whistler’s career are touched upon, the main focus is on his work in murals and the fields of advertising and commercial design. The thesis goes beyond the remit of a purely biographical stance and places Whistler’s career in context by looking at the contemporary art world in which he worked, and the private, commercial and public commissions he secured. In doing so, it aims to provide a more comprehensive account of Whistler’s achievement than has been afforded in any of the existing literature or biographies. This deeper examination of the artist’s practice has been made possible by considerable amounts of new factual information derived from the Whistler Archive and other archival sources. -
Rise of India and the India-Pakistan Conflict
The Rise of India and the India-Pakistan Conflict MANJEET S. PARDESI AND SUMIT GANGULY India is the world's largest democracy and has the fourth-largest econ- omy in terms of purchasing power parity. It is a secular state and has the world's second-largest population. It is also a declared nuclear weapons state with the world's third-largest army and is among the top dozen states in the world in terms of overall defense expenditure. After opening its markets and implementing major structural reforms in its economy after the end of the Cold War, India emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. In tandem with its economic growth, India has been slowly but surely modernizing its conventional military capabilities as well as its nuclear and missile arsenals. This has led some long-time India-watchers to conclude that India is in the process of becoming a great power. However, India has remained trapped in a conflict with Pakistan-its subcontinental neighbor and rival-ever since the two states were created after the partition of British India in 1947. The two countries have fought four wars since their independence (in 1947-1948, 1965, 1971, and 1999) and have endured many crises during the past 60 years that brought them close to war. In the crises of 1990 and 2001 to 2002, they nearly resorted to the use of nuclear weapons. Pakistan also helped transform the mostly indigenous insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir that erupted in the late 1980s by providing aid to Islamist terrorist organizations, such as Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Muhammad (eM), which largely replaced the local insurgents. -
MOD Art Collection Artwork
MOD Art Collection Artwork Title Primary Maker Name Media Materials Description Type HRH The Duke of Cambridge Unknown Artist Oil on canvas Painting Dawn, Action Stations, Malta Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas Painting Calabria Coast: Dawn, 3rd September 1943 Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas Painting View of Sir Edward Pellew's Group, Gulf of Carpentaria, December 1802 William Westall Oil on canvas. Unglazed Painting Charles Phillip Yorke (1764-1834), First Lord of the Admiralty Unknown Artist Oil on canvas Painting British Fleet, Led by Admiral Sir John Fisher in HMS "Renown" entering Grand Harbour, Malta 1901 Luigi Galea Oil on card. Painting Landscape with Travellers Unknown Artist Oil on panel. Painting Emsworth Harbour from the Mole Bobbie Pinson Acrylic on canvas. Painting Arial (Preparatory Sketch) Louise Cattrell Oil on card. Painting Keep (Preparatory Sketch) Louise Cattrell Oil on card Painting Sir Thomas Hardy Lemuel Francis Abbott Oil on canvas Painting Sir Charles Morice Pole Bart GCB MP (1757-1830) John MacArthur Oil on canvas. Painting William Corbett, Cashier of the Navy Thomas Hudson Oil on canvas Painting View of Versailles and Clagni Rigaud Painting The Last Voyage of HMS Vanguard, Portsmouth, 4th August 1960 Richard Eurich Oil on canvas Painting Landscape with River and Figures Unknown Artist Oil on panel Painting Winter Landscape with Skaters Unknown Artist Oil on panel Painting Street Scene, Vilnius, Lithuania, 1994 Unknown Artist Tempera Painting Landscape with Lake and Houses, Macedonia,1994 Lila Kotus Oil on canvas. Painting Criccieth Castle Unknown Artist Oil on board. Painting An Attack on Admiral Rawling`s Force, 28 May 1941 Rowland Langmaid Oil on canvas. -
Fleet Street Colossus: the Rise and Fall of Northcliffe, 1896-1922
Fleet Street Colossus: The Rise and Fall of Northcliffe, 1896-1922 J. LEE THOMPSON The political influence and power wielded by Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount Northcliffe, remains one of the lurid little secrets ofBritish history. From the 1890s, Northcliffe used a formidable array of press weapons to bludgeon the ruling classes of Britain over a wide variety of national issues. Northcliffe's power reached its peak in the Great War and, over the intervening years, his important role has been largely overlooked in part because three years after the signing of the Versailles treaty the press lord was dead at age 57. This premature end ensured that the history of his turbulent times would be written by a long list of other notable figures, including Lloyd George, Winston ChurchiU and Lord Beaverbrook, most of whom were, to varying degrees, the targets of the press lord's stinging cnticisms. It became convenient for his many opponents to forget just how influential and feared Northcliffe was, particularly between 1914 and 1918. Until recently Northcliffe's substantial role had gone unnoticed or else relegated to narrow studies of the press and propaganda.' As the pre-eminent journalistic force in Britain, by 1914 Northchffe controlled roughly 40 per cent of the morning, 45 per cent of the evening and 15 per cent of the Sunday total newspaper circulations.^ By far the two most important weapons in his press arsenal were The Times and the Daily Mail.^ Created by Northcliffe in 1896, within a few years the Daily Mail reached a million, mainly lower and middle-class, readers. -
Winston Churchill's Rhetoric and the Second World War Written By
Indiana University South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal Keep Calm and Carry On: Winston Churchill's Rhetoric and the Second World War Written by Abraham Maldonado-Orellana Edited by Chloe Lawrence "Of all the talents bestowed upon men, none is so The First World War, having ended in 1918, left instability in its precious as the gift oforatory ... Abandoned by his wake; the world had changed politically and culturally, only to be party betrayed by his friends, stripped of his offices, followed by a global economic depression in the 1930s. Memories of the Great War still resonated in people's minds. Fresh fears of whoever can command this power is still invasion set in as Britain heard the news of Poland's invasion by 1 formidable. " Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 1, 1939. In 1940, the war became very real for the British and it would soon -Winston S. Churchill, 1897 become a pivotal year for the country's new Prime Minister. The Abstract: Battle of France, the evacuation at Dunkirk, The Battle of Britain and Churchill's most famous speeches all occurred during 1940, This article examines Prime Minister Winston Churchill's which one might call "the year of Churchill." role in creating a sense of national solidarity in wartime Britain and establishing an Anglocentric interpretation of World War II Churchill as Orator through his wartime speeches and publications. Churchill's Winston Churchill, a Conservative politician and Member of speeches and addresses during 1940 as well as his memoirs Parliament since 1900, would serve as Prime Minister of Great released after the war were heard and read by an international Britain during the Second World War. -
The Man Who Enriched – and Robbed – the Tories
Parliamentary History,Vol. 40, pt. 2 (2021), pp. 378–390 The Man Who Enriched – and Robbed – the Tories ALISTAIR LEXDEN House of Lords Horace Farquhar, financier, courtier and politician, was a man without a moral compass. He combined ruthlessness and dishonesty with great charm. As a Liberal Unionist MP in the 1890s, his chief aim was to get a peerage, for which he paid handsomely. He exploited everyone who came his way to increase his wealth and boost his social position, gaining an earldom from Lloyd George, to whose notorious personal political fund he diverted substantial amounts from the Conservative Party, of which he was treasurer from 1911 to 1923, the first holder of that post. The Tories’ money went into his own pocket as well. During these years, he also held senior positions at court, retaining under George V the trust of the royal family which he had won under Edward VII.By the time of his death in 1923,however,his wealth had disappeared,and he was found to be bankrupt. He was a man of many secrets. They have been probed and explored, drawing on such material relating to his scandalous career as has so far come to light. Keywords: Conservative Party; financial corruption; homosexuality; Liberal Unionist Party; monarchy; royal family; sale of honours 1 Horace Brand Farquhar (1844–1923), pronounced Farkwer, 1st and last Earl Farquhar, of St Marylebone,was one of the greatest rogues of his time,a man capable of almost any misdeed or sin short of murder (and it is hard to feel completely confident that he would have drawn thelineeventhere).1 He had three great loves: money, titles and royalty. -
North East India Small Group Escorted Cultural Tour
Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] North East India small group escorted cultural tour Reading List India: A History by John Keay Fully revised with forty thousand new words that take the reader up to present-day India, John Keay’s India: A History spans five millennia in a sweeping narrative that tells the story of the peoples of the subcontinent, from their ancient beginnings in the valley of the Indus to the events in the region today. In charting the evolution of the rich tapestry of cultures, religions, and peoples that comprise the modern nations of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, Keay weaves together insights from a variety of scholarly fields to create a rich historical narrative. Wide-ranging and authoritative, India: A History is a compelling epic portrait of one of the world’s oldest and most richly diverse civilizations. India: In Word and Image, Revised, Expanded and Updated by Eric Meola (Photographer), Bharati Mukherjee (Introduction) Gorgeously jaw-dropping, India has been beautifully redesigned with 32 additional pages of glorious photos shot by Eric Meola since India was first published. This revised and expanded version of Eric Meola's 2008 India takes the reader on a journey through Mumbai, Rajasthan, Agra, Dungarpur, along desert roads, to the Ganges water's edge, including spectacular ruins, the Taj Mahal, and the Festival of Elephants, capturing the spectacle and vibrant colors of these ancient regions. INDIA is rapidly becoming one of the pre-eminent leaders of the twenty-first century. For more than a decade, Eric Meola has returned repeatedly to India, photographing the people, temples, landscapes, architecture, celebrations, and art of this uniquely exuberant and incredibly diverse country. -
Abstract: the Legacy of the Estado Da India the Portuguese Arrived In
1 Abstract: The Legacy of the Estado da India The Portuguese arrived in India in 1498; yet there are few apparent traces of their presence today, „colonialism‟ being equated almost wholly with the English. Yet traces of Portugal linger ineradicably on the west coast; a possible basis for a cordial re-engagement between India and Portugal in a post-colonial world. Key words: Portuguese, India, colonial legacy, British Empire in India, Estado da India, Goa. Mourning an Empire? Looking at the legacy of the Estado da India. - Dr. Dhara Anjaria 19 December 2011 will mark the fiftieth anniversary of Operation Vijay, a forty-eight hour offensive that ended the Estado da India, that oldest and most reviled of Europe’s ‘Indian Empires.’ This piece remembers and commemorates the five hundred year long Portuguese presence in India that broke off into total estrangement half a hundred years ago, and has only latterly recovered into something close to a detached disengagement.i The colonial legacy informs many aspects of life in the Indian subcontinent, and is always understood to mean the British, the English, legacy. The subcontinent‟s encounter with the Portuguese does not permeate the consciousness of the average Indian on a daily basis. The British Empire is the medium through which the modern Indian navigates the world; he- or she- acknowledges an affiliation to the Commonwealth, assumes a familiarity with Australian mining towns, observes his access to a culturally remote North America made easy by a linguistic commonality, has family offering safe harbours (or increasingly, harbors) from Nairobi to Cape © 2011 The Middle Ground Journal Number 2, Spring 2011 2 Town, and probably watched the handover of Hong Kong with a proprietary feeling, just as though he had a stake in it; after all, it was also once a „British colony.‟ To a lesser extent, but with no lesser fervour, does the Indian acknowledge the Gallicization of parts of the subcontinent. -
Honour's Role in the International States' System
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 31 Number 2 Winter Article 2 April 2020 Honour's Role in the International States' System Allen Z. Hertz Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Allen Z. Hertz, Honour's Role in the International States' System, 31 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 113 (2002). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. HONOUR'S ROLE IN THE INTERNATIONAL STATES' SYSTEM* ALLEN Z. HERTZ* INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY Studying the First World War's origins, James Joll (1918-1994), Professor of International History at the University of London, offered this insight: "In the late 20th century we perhaps find it easier to conceive of foreign policy as being motivated by domestic preoccupations and by economic interests than by... considerations of prestige and glory. It does not necessarily follow that the men of 1914 thought in the same way as we do."' To recapture that age which ended during the First World War, this essay analyzes the meaning of "honour" as a staple of European political philosophy. The significance of the "word of honour" is then located in the context of European courtly society, where a king's honour is explored in relation to that of his country and in the "international of kings" that was the European States' system until 1917-18. -
AUTHOR TITLE Cicero, Marcus Tullius Correspondence
AUTHOR TITLE Cicero, Marcus Tullius Correspondence;"The correspondence of M Rickaby, Joseph, 1845-1932 Moral philosophy, or, Ethics and natural law Duckworth, George Eckel, 1903- Structural patterns and proportions in Verg British Museum. Dept. of Egyptian and Assyrian A The Assyrian sculptures / by C.J. Gadd Schneider, Hermann, 1874-1953 The history of world civilization from prehi Diehl, Ernst, 1874-1947 Inscriptiones latinae Darakjian, Boghos Mosaics of Jordan : art and culture / Bogho Bowman, Alan K Vindolanda : the Latin writing-tablets / by A Peter, Carl Chronological tables of greek history / by P Apuleius De Cupidinis et Psyches amoribus fabula an Youngson, J. W The Chuhras / by the Rev. J. W. Youngson Frazer, James George Sir, 1854-1941 The native races of America : a copious sele Frazer, James George, Sir, 1854-1941, comp The native races of Africa and Madagascar Frazer, James George, Sir, 1854-1941 The native races of Asia and Europe : an an Frazer, James George, Sir, 1854-1941 The native races of Australasia, including A DoxiadÄ“s, KÅnstantinos Apostolou, 1913-1975 Ekistics: an introduction to the science of h The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia The book of knowledge : an encyclopaedia Asiatic mythology : a detailed description a Cunliffe, Barry, 1939- Fishbourne: a Roman palace and its garden Trade, contact, and the movement of peop May, A. L Sydney rows a centennial history of the Sy A lexicon of Greek personal names / edited Corpus of Mycenaean inscriptions from Kn Havelock, Christine Mitchell Hellenistic art : the art of the classical worl Ptolemy, 2nd cent Geographia. -
Inglorious Empire: What the British Did to India
Published on Reviews in History (https://reviews.history.ac.uk) Inglorious Empire: What the British did to India Review Number: 2357 Publish date: Thursday, 5 December, 2019 Author: Shashi Tharoor ISBN: 9781849048088 Date of Publication: 2017 Price: £20.00 Pages: 296pp. Publisher: Hurst Publisher url: https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/inglorious-empire/ Place of Publication: London Reviewer: Ross Nelson Inglorious Empire arose from a speech given by Dr Shashi Tharoor in May 2015 at the Oxford Union in support of the motion ‘Britain Owes Reparations to Her Former Colonies’, focusing on British exploitation of India. The Union then posted the speech on the web. Tharoor ‘promptly tweeted a link to it and watched in astonishment as it went viral’, swiftly accumulating millions of hits on hundreds of sites. In various forms it currently has almost seven and a half million hits on YouTube alone. As the British economy could not afford a quantifiable representation of the wealth extracted from India, reparation would necessarily have to be a nominal gesture (Tharoor suggested £1 a year), as an acknowledgement of Britain’s debt to the Indian economy. The theme of Inglorious Empire (originally published as An Era of Darkness), which Tharoor was encouraged to write in response to the online interest that his speech had created, is the broader one that in almost all respects British rule in India was profoundly damaging to the sub-continent’s population and economy: the British state in India was […] a totally amoral, rapacious imperialist machine bent on the subjugation of Indians for the purpose of profit, not merely a neutrally efficient system indifferent to human rights.