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Tesi Dottorale Corpo Pubblico TESI DOTTORALE CORPO PUBBLICO c o r p o s i g n i f i c a n t e di Vania Tinterri Direttrice Dott.ssa Silvia Evangelisti Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna Tutore Dott. Antoni Remesar Direttore del Centro de Investigación Polis Universidad de Barcelona Università di Barcellona Facoltà di Belle Arti Dipartimento di Scultura 2004 Tesi realizzata da Tinterri Vania per l’ottenimento del titolo di Dottoressa nel Dipartimento di Scultura della Facoltà di Belle Arti dell’Università di Barcellona, sotto la direzione della Dott.ssa Silvia Evangelisti dell’Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna e la tutoria del Dott. Antoni Remesar Direttore del Centro de Investigación Polis dell’Università di Barcellona. Corso di Dottorato Espacio Público: Arte y Regeneración Urbana - Biennio 1996-1998 Barcelona, 2004 Dedico questo lavoro alla mia famiglia e in particolare a Giulia, Federica, Stefano, Marisa e Sissi. Esprimo il mio più sincero ringraziamento alla mia direttrice di tesi Silvia Evangelisti, al mio tutore Antoni Remesar e a Joseph Roy per gli scambi di contenuto artistico e per aver creduto in me fin dall’inizio di questo “viaggio” guidandomi in più occasioni. Ringrazio gli amici che hanno sostenuto l’evoluzione del progetto, in particolare Davide per l’amicizia incondizionata, Atto per ragioni logistiche fisiche e mentali, Elena per gli scambi ortografici, intellettuali e artistici, Giuly per le arrabbiature, Silvia, Enrica, Paola e Federica per aver compreso le mie mancanze e Amaia per aver condiviso le mie inquietudini sopportandomi a lungo. Un ricordo gradito va a coloro che, pur lontano fisicamente, sono parte integrante del mio percorso emotivo, in particolare Nicola Carrino, Serena Gallella, Maura Persello, Laura Ferracioli e Javier Amable García. Grazie anche ai miei studenti, ai miei ex datori di lavoro dell’Adrenaline, a Betty per le bevande, a Tekla per i “D+” e a J.J. per aver espresso a modo suo le attitudini artistiche. Un ringraziamento particolare va a Marco per il supporto estetico e multimediale, a Toni Contreras Martín e Juan Aigua, che a più riprese mi hanno aiutato in ambito catalano, e a Silvia Pascual e Gloria Domenech della Biblioteca della Fundació Tápies di Barcellona. INDICE Introduzione ……………………………………………... 7 Delimitazione dell’Argomento di Tesi…………………. 9 Metologie di Ricerca……………………………………. 11 Obiettivi della Tesi………………………………………. 15 --------------------------------------------------------------Prima Parte Primo Capitolo Il Luogo 1. Arte Pubblica………………………………………. 21 1.1. Luogo del Corpo…………………………………... 44 1.2. Coscienza e Autonomia………………………….. 50 Secondo Capitolo Del Corpo 2. Delle Belle Arti……………………………………... 87 2.1. Non Solo Modella…………………………………. 104 2.2. Oggetti………………………………………………. 112 2.3. Illeciti………………………………………………… 137 Terzo Capitolo Transitorio 3. Il Corpo Nudo…………………………………….… 169 3.1. Il Confine Senza Limite…………………………... 176 3.2. Evoluzione della Materia………………………… 183 3 ----------------------------------------------------------Seconda Parte Quarto Capitolo L’Arte nel Corpo 4. Misura del Corpo………………………………….. 209 4.1. Riti di Passaggio………………………………….. 217 4.2. Contributi ed Eccezioni………………………….. 231 Quinto Capitolo L’Arte del Corpo 5. Il Corpo Liberato……………………..…………… 245 5.1. Appropriazione……………………………………. 252 5.2. Identità…………………………………………….... 274 5.3. Femmina Femminile……….……………………... 281 Sesto Capitolo Corpo Merce 6. Frammento del Corpo……………………………. 309 6.1. Postmodern………………………………………... 323 6.2. Uso e Abuso……………………………………….. 333 Settimo Capitolo Corpo Mutante 7. Oltre il Corpo…………………………………….... 357 7.1. Cosmetica e Distorsione del Quotidiano……... 363 7.2. Corpi in Estinzione……………………………….. 372 Ottavo Capitolo Corpo Virtuale 8. Cyber-Tam-Tam del Corpo…………………….… 403 4 --------------------------------------------------------------Terza Parte Conclusioni………………………………………………. 415 Indice Artiste……………………………………………... 423 Bibliografia……………………………………………….. 503 5 “(…) The city of Bologna stood out from the rest ot Europe in its attitude toward women. Women where admitted to its university beginnings as early as the 13th Century and where even permitted to lecture there (although Novello D’Andrea had to speak to students from behind a screen to avoid “distracting the students with her personal charms”). The city produced many learned women in philosophy and law. Its painters’ guild had a female patron, Caterina Vigri, an artist nun who later was canonized as Saint Catherine of Bologna. There was even a school for women artists, founded by the painter Elisabetta Sirani. And guess what … there were more women artists in Bologna during this time than anywhere else in Italy. If all Italian cities had been so open, imagine what a different Renaissance there might have been! (…)” Guerrilla Girls, The Guerrilla Girls’ Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art, Penguin Books, New York, 1998, p. 30 6 …………………………………Introduzione Questa tesi conclude un percorso artistico e professionale da me condotto per oltre dieci anni attraverso due paesi, Italia e Spagna, nella condizione intellettuale ed emotiva di “nomade psico-fisica”. Tale percorso attesta le ricerche da me effettate nel campo dell’arte pubblica contestualizzate all’interno dell’espressione artistica affine alla scultura. Per molti aspetti questo testo e la perigrinazione logistica del mio vivere “a metà strada” coincidono con ciò che considero il “viaggio” in termini conoscitivi, quale prassi teorico-pratica affine all’arte e alla vita. Le esperienze intercorse nel delinearsi di questa tesi hanno modificato lo stesso testo e le mie attitudini, ponendomi spesso in crisi ma attenta e aperta a sollecitazioni e a possibili cambiamenti. In altri termini, questa tesi testimonia parte della mia storia “collettiva”. È stato arduo decidere il momento di terminare le fasi di ricerca, e quindi di “fermarmi”, altrettanto difficile è stato considerarmi inevitabilmente, di volta in volta, “mai arrivata”. All’interno di tale costante “viaggio” teorico-pratico l’avere incorso in frammentazioni e rotture non ha causato la dispersione di un pensiero organico unitario fondato sulla molteplicità dell’esperienza data dalla sperimentazione diretta professionale e personale. Questo “viaggio” rispecchia perciò le inquietudini che registro personalmente a livello pubblico e a livello privato. 7 Tale percorso mi ha dato la possibilità di vivere in prima persona l’esperienza data dall’arte, come donna e come professionista nel campo artistico, pur negando spesso le specificità espressive di tali “generi” per cause materiali e logistiche. Il viaggio che ho intrapreso molti anni fa per arrivare fin qui si è rivelato in tutta la sua potente metafora di rinnovamento nella costante risituazione e astrazione della mia identità. Tali presupposti coincidono con la visione di tipo non assoluto e fisso dell’identità e del corpo, quali entità capaci di adattarsi progressivamente a seconda dei cambiamenti e degli eventi che incidono su essi. Non ho inteso tale escursus come pretesto per trovare cose “nuove” ma semmai per saper vedere quello che conoscevo con una ottica diversa. Questi riadattamenti mi ha permesso di cogliere un senso compiuto della complessità del mio “viaggio”, pur nella frammentazione di mille destini sempre uguali, eppure ogni volta diversi. Rispetto un’ottica di genere fondata sulla “gino-metria” del vissuto in continua trasformazione e in divenire, anche in termini negativi, tale ipotesi di tesi è portatrice di una “veridicità” personale e per questo non categorica. La revocabilità delle analisi proposte sono rimesse al pubblico di questa tesi che nella lettura riscontrerà un’indagine di genere che tende a non chiudersi in sé stessa attraverso un discorso “pseudo femminista” da nuovo millennio. Metaforicamente questo scritto è un invito al “viaggio” attraverso la lettura di contenuti non generalmente espressi dai libri di storia dell’arte o riscontrabili nelle aule universitarie. 8 .…..Delimitazione dell’Argomento di Tesi Questo percorso è un tentativo di cogliere alcuni aspetti salienti delle intenzioni artistiche delle artiste del XX secolo e con esse i conflitti che accompagnano il corpo femminile. Il corpo della donna può essere considerato in base alle problematiche insite nella visibilità o invisibilità del genere femminile legate alla questione dell’identità. La presentazione o rappresentazione del corpo, in forma esplicita o simbolica, merita di essere presa in esame e discussa dal punto di vista della stessa donna. Rispetto al campo di indagine artistico generale si è delimitato un territorio contraddistinto dall’espressività artistica della donna in merito alla rappresentazione del corpo. Questa tesi, infatti, testimonia l’interesse per tematiche al “femmininile” che, pur afferenti a un genere, non intendono affermarsi come “femministe” ma cercano semmai semplicemente registrare l’esistenza di identità creative al “femminile”. Il tentativo di delimitare lo “stato dell’arte pubblica” in riferimento al corpo e alla donna artista tende a verificare le situazioni dove si può parlare di corpo in quanto “corpo dell’opera”, ovvero soggetto o oggetto indiscusso dell’espressione artistica. Inoltre tale tesi è la testimonianza di tracce lasciate dalle artiste che permettono il costituirsi del “corpo pubblico” in senso lato e che determinano una discussione tutt’altro che conclusa sul fenomeno delle donne artista. 9 Al contempo, sempre rispetto un punto di vista creativo al femminile, questa tesi mantiene la centralità dell’opera d’arte tentando di rintracciare e contestualizzare tracce
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