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Conseil Économique Et Social Distr Nations Unies E/CN.6/2020/3 Conseil économique et social Distr. générale 13 janvier 2020 Français Original : anglais ? o k e n d a Commission de la condition de la femme Soixante-quatrième session 9-20 mars 2020 Point 3 a) de l’ordre du jour provisoire* Suite donnée à la quatrième Conférence mondiale sur les femmes et à la vingt-troisième session extraordinaire de l’Assemblée générale intitulée « Les femmes en l’an 2000 : égalité entre les sexes, développement et paix pour le XXIe siècle » Examen et évaluation des suites données à la Déclaration et au Programme d’action de Beijing et aux textes issus de la vingt-troisième session extraordinaire de l’Assemblée générale Rapport du Secrétaire général Résumé Le présent rapport, qui est soumis en application de la résolution 2018/8 du Conseil économique et social, consiste en un examen et en une évaluation des suites données à la Déclaration et au Programme d’action de Beijing et aux textes issus de la vingt-troisième session extraordinaire de l’Assemblée générale. On y trouvera une analyse du rôle que peuvent jouer l’égalité des genres et l’avancement des femmes dans l’application du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 et des difficultés rencontrées dans leur réalisation. Dans sa résolution, le Conseil économique et social a engagé tous les États à entreprendre à l’échelon national un examen d’ensemble des progrès accomplis et des difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration et du Programme d’action de Beijing et des textes issus de la vingt-troisième session extraordinaire de l’Assemblée générale, et encouragé les commissions régionales à faire de même à l’échelon régional de façon que les résultats des processus intergouvernementaux régionaux puissent être intégrés à l’examen mondial. * E/CN.6/2020/1. 19-21893 (F) 060220 100220 *1921893* E/CN.6/2020/3 Table des matières Page I. Raviver la vision de Beijing pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable ......... 3 II. L’examen et l’évaluation de l’application du Programme d’action ....................... 11 III. Progrès accomplis dans l’application du Programme d’action dans le cadre du Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 ............................................ 14 A. Développement inclusif, prospérité partagée et travail décent ...................... 18 B. Élimination de la pauvreté, protection sociale et services sociaux ................... 35 C. Protection contre la violence, la stigmatisation et les stéréotypes ................... 58 D. Participation, respect du principe de responsabilité et institutions tenant compte des questions de genre .......................................................... 73 E. Sociétés pacifiques et inclusives .............................................. 87 F. Protection de l’environnement, action climatique et renforcement de la résilience ..... 102 IV. La voie à suivre : enseignements tirés et priorités pour une mise en œuvre accélérée du Programme d’action et du Programme 2030 ......................................... 117 Annexes I. Liens entre les domaines critiques énoncés dans le Programme d'action et les objectifs de développement durable .......................................................... 127 II. Taux de réponse au questionnaire, par région ........................................ 128 2/129 19-21893 E/CN.6/2020/3 I. Raviver la vision de Beijing pour atteindre les objectifs de développement durable 1. La Déclaration et le Programme d’action de Beijing ont été adoptés à la quatrième Conférence mondiale sur les femmes en 1995. Ils formaient ensemble un programme global et visionnaire qui avait pour but de faire de l’égalité des genres une réalité, d’assurer l’avancement des femmes et de permettre aux femmes et aux filles d’exercer leurs droits de la personne. Il s’agissait de lever les obstacles systémiques et structurels entravant l’exercice de leurs droits de la personne par les femmes et les filles dans les domaines social, économique, politique et environnemental, et de lancer des initiatives politiques pour concrétiser cette vision. Les États ont conclu que la redistribution du pouvoir et des ressources entre les femmes et les hommes dans les sphères publique et privée était inextricablement liée aux objectifs plus larges de la réalisation de l’égalité en général, de la durabilité et de l’avènement de sociétés pacifiques, inclusives et démocratiques. 2. La vision de Beijing a été réaffirmée en 2015, lorsque les États ont adopté le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030, en se fondant sur les principes fondamentaux que sont les droits de la personne et l’égalité des genres et en se fixant des objectifs ambitieux : éradiquer la pauvreté, réduire les inégalités multiples et croisées, faire face aux changements climatiques, mettre fin aux conflits et pérenniser la paix. Le Programme 2030 a été établi en faisant fond sur le Programme d’action et il y a été souligné que, pour que le développement soit durable, ses avantages devaient profiter de manière égale aux femmes et aux hommes et que les droits des femmes ne deviendraient une réalité que dans le contexte plus large des efforts déployés pour protéger la planète et faire en sorte que toutes les personnes puissent vivre dans la dignité. A. La vision de Beijing n’a été que partiellement concrétisée 3. Le paysage mondial en ce qui concerne l’égalité des genres a considérablement évolué au cours des cinq dernières années. Le creusement des inégalités et l’exclusion économique sont le symptôme de modèles de développement dans lesquels les gains ne sont pas partagés de manière équitable. Face aux mouvements en faveur de l’égalité des genres, les manifestations de rejet gagnent en puissance. Le monde est également confronté à une crise climatique alimentée par la surexploitation des ressources naturelles. L’évolution rapide de la technique a des incidences sur tous les aspects de la vie économique, sociale et politique. Elle est porteuse aussi bien d’occasions à saisir que de risques. Dans le monde entier, les mouvements de femmes, jeunes féministes en tête, réclament haut et fort la justice économique, sociale et environnementale et des changements systémiques. De plus en plus de jeunes femmes instruites, qui sont des « natives du numérique », s’engagent de manière visible et active pour demander un avenir plus juste et durable. Cependant, la précarité de l’emploi et l’aggravation de l’insécurité économique les empêchent de réaliser leurs aspirations. 4. Depuis 2015, les États ont accéléré le rythme de la réforme et l’introduction de textes de loi, de politiques et de programmes permettant de faire progresser l’égalité des genres. À la lumière des rapports nationaux, il est possible de recenser certaines des grandes priorités des cinq dernières années dans le monde : • L’élimination de la violence à l’égard des femmes et des filles ; • L’accès aux soins de santé, y compris de santé sexuelle et procréative ; • La participation et la représentation politiques ; 19-21893 3/129 E/CN.6/2020/3 • Une éducation, une formation et un apprentissage tout au long de la vie de bonne qualité pour les femmes et les filles. Les priorités dans les régions en développement ont été les mêmes que celles recensées à l’échelle mondiale. Dans les régions développées, une plus grande attention a été accordée au droit des femmes de travailler et à leurs droits sur le lieu de travail, aux questions des soins non rémunérés et du travail ménager, à la conciliation de la vie professionnelle et de la vie familiale et aux efforts visant à faire évoluer les normes sociales négatives et à en finir avec les stéréotypes de genre. Les questions du renforcement de la participation des femmes à la durabilité environnementale, de la prise en compte du genre dans le cadre de la réduction des risques de catastrophe et de la promotion de la résilience, ainsi que celle de l’inclusion numérique et financière, sont celles qui ont reçu le moins d’attention à l’échelle mondiale. 5. De nouvelles orientations politiques et programmatiques se sont fait jour au cours des cinq dernières années : • Les trois quarts des États ont soit introduit des congés de maternité ou de paternité ou congés parentaux ou d’autres types de congé familial, soit renforcé les dispositions en vigueur dans ce domaine, conscients de la nécessité de s’attaquer au fardeau disproportionné que font peser sur les femmes les soins non rémunérés et le travail ménager. • Des programmes de protection sociale visant à éliminer la pauvreté parmi les femmes et les filles ont été adoptés ou renforcés dans 70 % des États. • Plus de la moitié des États pratiquent désormais une budgétisation tenant compte des questions de genre. • Des lois et règlements relatifs aux violences faites aux femmes et aux filles qui sont facilitées par la technique ont été adoptés ou renforcés dans plus de la moitié des États. L’accent y est surtout mis sur la lutte contre le harcèlement sexuel et un nombre restreint mais croissant d’États s’attaquent à la violence contre les femmes en politique. • En outre, le nombre de pays qui ont adopté des plans d’action nationaux sur les femmes et la paix et la sécurité a augmenté de 52 % depuis 2015. • Par ailleurs, 61 % des États encouragent le leadership et la participation des femmes à la gestion et à la gouvernance de l’environnement et des ressources naturelles. 6. Les lois à caractère discriminatoire continuent d’être abrogées : entre 2008 et 2017, 274 réformes juridiques concernant l’égalité des genres ont été menées dans 131 pays1. Aujourd’hui, les filles sont plus nombreuses que jamais à être scolarisées et davantage de pays ont atteint la parité des genres en matière de scolarisation (voir sect. III.B). Le taux mondial de mortalité maternelle est tombé de 342 décès maternels pour 100 000 naissances vivantes en 2000 à 211 pour 100 000 en 2017 (ibid.). Au cours de la dernière décennie, la proportion d’accouchements assistés par du personnel de santé qualifié a augmenté de 12 points de pourcentage (ibid.).
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