Contents
About the Editors xi Introduction: The Idea of an Unconditional Income for Everyone xiii Karl Widerquist, Yannick Vanderborght, José A. Noguera, and Jurgen De Wispelaere
Part I: Freedom 1
Introduction: Freedom and Basic Income 2 Karl Widerquist
1. The Psychological Aspects of the Guaranteed Income 5 Erich Fromm
2. The Case for a Negative Income Tax: A View from the Right 11 Milton Friedman
3. Why Surfers Should Be Fed: The Crazy-Lazy Challenge 17 Philippe Van Parijs
4. Optional Freedoms 23 Elizabeth Anderson
5. A Republican Right to Basic Income 26 Philip Pettit
6. Why We Demand a Basic Income 32 Karl WiderquistCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
Part II: Justice 39
Introduction: Theories of Justice and Basic Income 40 Karl Widerquist
7. Left-libertarianism and a Global Rent Payment 43 Nicolaus Tideman and Peter Vallentyne
8. Guaranteed Income as a Replacement for the Welfare State 49 Charles Murray vi Contents
9. A Capitalist Road to Communism 52 Robert van der Veen and Philippe Van Parijs
10. Why Marxists and Socialists Should Favor Basic Income 55 Michael Howard
11. Basic Income and the Common Good 62 Bill Jordan
12. Associations and Basic Income 72 Bill Jordan
Part III: Reciprocity and Exploitation 79
Introduction: Reciprocity and Exploitation 80 Karl Widerquist
13. Brief Comments on Leisure Time 85 John Rawls
14. Liberal Equality, Exploitation, and the Case for an Unconditional Basic Income 87 Stuart White
15. Clamshell Rents? How Resource Equality Causes Exploitation 93 Gijs Van Donselaar
16. Basic Income and the Work Ethic 101 Brian Barry
17. Fairness to Idleness: Is There a Right Not to Work? 105 Andrew Levine
18. Basic Income, Self-respect, and Reciprocity 114 Catriona McKinnon
19. Reciprocity and the Guaranteed Income 123 Karl Widerquist
20. The Morality of the Universal Grant Versus the Ethics of Paid Work 134 Robert van der Veen
Part IV: Feminism 141
Introduction: The Feminist Response to Basic Income 142 Yannick Vanderborght and Karl Widerquist Contents vii
21. Is One Man’s Ceiling Another Woman’s Floor? 145 Ann Withorn
22. Why Basic Income does not Promote Gender Equality 149 Ann S. Orloff
23. A Gender Analysis of Basic Income 153 Ingrid Robeyns
24. A Basic Income for Feminists? 163 Tony Fitzpatrick
25. Free-riding and the Household 173 Carole Pateman
26. Promoting Gender Equity Through a Basic Income 178 Ailsa McKay
27. Good for Women 186 Anne Alstott
Part V: Economics 189
Introduction: The Economics of Basic Income 190 Karl Widerquist, José A. Noguera, and Yannick Vanderborght
28. The Case for an Income Guarantee 195 James Tobin
29. What Can We Learn from the Agathotopians? 200 James Meade
30. Basic Income and Effi ciency 205 Philippe Van Parijs
31. Basic Income as a Basis for Small Business 210 Bart Nooteboom
32. What (If Anything) Can We Learn from the Negative Income Tax Experiments? 216 Karl Widerquist
33. Effi ciency and Participation: The Basic Income Approach 230 Bill Jordan
34. Subsidize Wages 235 Edmund Phelps viii Contents
35. Universal Basic Income and the Flat Tax 240 Herbert A. Simon
36. Democracy and General Welfare 242 James M. Buchanan
37. Basic Income and Social Power 246 Koen Raes
38. Cost Estimates for a Basic Income in the United States 255 Charles M.A. Clark
Part VI: Post-productivism 259
Introduction: Basic Income as a Post-productivist Policy 260 José A. Noguera and Karl Widerquist
39. Ecologism and Basic Income 263 Tony Fitzpatrick
40. A Green Case for Basic Income? 269 Philippe Van Parijs
41. A Non-productivist Design for Social Policies 275 Claus Offe
42. A Post-productivist Welfare Regime 283 Robert E. Goodin
43. Demoralizing the Labor Market: Could Jobs be Like Cars and Concerts? 289 Bert Hamminga
44. Beyond the Wage-based Society 297 André Gorz
45. The Relevance of Basic Income for Post-industrial Economies 307 Fred Block
Part VII: Implementation 311
Introduction: The Implementation of Basic Income 312 Karl Widerquist, José A. Noguera, Yannick Vanderborght, and Jurgen De Wispelaere
46. The Shadow of Speenhamland 315 Fred Block and Margaret Somers Contents ix
47. The Stability of Basic Income 331 Jos de Beus
48. Basic Income and the Welfare State 339 Samuel Brittan
49. Basic Income and Contributory Pensions 346 José A. Noguera
50. Basic Income as a Minimally Presumptuous Social Welfare Policy 351 Robert E. Goodin
51. The Basic Income Guarantee as an Exit Option 357 Joel Handler and Amanda Sheely Babcock
52. Practical Bottlenecks in the Implementation of a Universal Basic Income 360 Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay Stirton
Part VIII: Institutions 369
Introduction: Institutional Versions and Cognates of Basic Income 370 José A. Noguera
53. A Global Resources Dividend 375 Thomas W. Pogge
54. From Euro-Stipendium to Euro-Dividend 392 Philippe Van Parijs and Yannick Vanderborght
55. Negative Income Tax: The Original Idea 398 Milton Friedman
56. The Case for a Progressive Negative Income Tax 402 Fred Block and Jeff Manza
57. Stakeholding versus Basic Income 417 Bruce Ackerman and Anne Alstott
58. Reciprocity-sensitive Forms of Basic Income 429 Stuart White
59. Participation Income 435 Anthony B. Atkinson
60. The Trilemma of Participation Income 439 Jurgen De Wispelaere and Lindsay Stirton x Contents
61. Sabbatical Grants 447 Claus Offe and Johan de Deken
62. A Uniform Refundable Tax Credit 453 Lily L. Batchelder, Fred T. Goldberg Jr., and Peter R. Orszag
63. A Household Basic Income 461 Luis Sanzo and Rafael Pinilla
64. A Coming-of-Age Grant versus a Community Capital Grant 464 Guy Standing
Part IX: Politics 471
Introduction: Politics 472 Yannick Vanderborght, José A. Noguera, and Karl Widerquist
65. Political Strategies for Basic Income 477 David Purdy
66. The Lack of Political Support for an Income by Right 485 Bill Cavala and Aaron Wildavsky
67. The Ambiguities of Basic Income from a Trade Union Perspective 497 Yannick Vanderborght
68. Basic Income and Social Europe 509 Fritz Scharpf
69. Is Basic Income Politically Feasible in a Social Europe? 516 Philippe Van Parijs
70. Basic Income in the South 523 Philippe Van Parijs
71. How Cash Transfers Promote the Case for Basic Income 527 Guy Standing
72. Basic Income and the New Class Struggle 548 Philippe Van Parijs
73. A “Package Solution” for Basic Income 555 Claus Offe, Ulrich Mückenberger and Ilona Ostner
74. Pathways from Here 560 Claus Offe
Index 564