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Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells Stem Cells International Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells Lead Guest Editor: Jijun Hao Guest Editors: Juli Unternaehrer, Xiaojiang Cui, Ninghui Cheng, and Yusuke Oji Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells Stem Cells International Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells Lead Guest Editor: Jijun Hao GuestEditors:JuliUnternaehrer,XiaojiangCui,NinghuiCheng, and Yusuke Oji Copyright © 2017 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Stem Cells International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board James Adjaye, Germany Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Japan Peter Rubin, USA Dominique Bonnet, UK Mark D. Kirk, USA Hannele T. Ruohola-Baker, USA Silvia Brunelli, Italy Valerie Kouskoff, UK Donald S. Sakaguchi, USA Bruce A. Bunnell, USA Andrzej Lange, Poland G. Hosseini Salekdeh, Iran Kevin D. Bunting, USA Laura Lasagni, Italy Heinrich Sauer, Germany Benedetta Bussolati, Italy Renke Li, Canada Coralie Sengenes, France Yilin Cao, China Tao-Sheng Li, Japan Shimon Slavin, Israel Kyunghee Choi, USA Susan Liao, Singapore Shay Soker, USA Pier Paolo Claudio, USA Shinn-Zong Lin, Taiwan Giorgio Stassi, Italy Gerald A. Colvin, USA Yupo Ma, USA Ann Steele, USA Varda Deutsch, Israel Giuseppe Mandraffino, Italy Alexander Storch, Germany Leonard M. Eisenberg, USA Athanasios Mantalaris, UK Corrado Tarella, Italy Marina Emborg, USA Eva Mezey, USA Hung-Fat Tse, Hong Kong Tong-Chuan He, USA Claudia Montero-Menei, France Marc L. Turner, UK Boon C. Heng, Hong Kong Karim Nayernia, UK Jay L. Vivian, USA Toru Hosoda, Japan Sue O’Shea, USA Dominik Wolf, Austria Xiao J. Huang, China Stefan Przyborski, UK Qingzhong Xiao, UK Thomas Ichim, USA Bruno Pèault, USA Zhaohui Ye, USA J. Itskovitz-Eldor, Israel Peter J. Quesenberry, USA Wen-Jie Zhang, China P. Jendelova, Czech Republic Pranela Rameshwar, USA Arne Jensen, Germany B. A. J. Roelen, Netherlands Contents Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells Jijun Hao, Juli Unternaehrer, Xiaojiang Cui, Ninghui Cheng, and Yusuke Oji Volume 2017, Article ID 7681769, 2 pages Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis Koran S. Harris and Bethany A. Kerr Volume 2017, Article ID 8629234, 9 pages An Examination of the Role of Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation in Rhabdomyosarcoma Alexander J. Hron and Atsushi Asakura Volume2017,ArticleID2480375,10pages Stemness in Cancer: Stem Cells, Cancer Stem Cells, and Their Microenvironment Pedro M. Aponte and Andrés Caicedo Volume 2017, Article ID 5619472, 17 pages Mechanisms Regulating Stemness and Differentiation in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells Gregory M. Kelly and Mohamed I. Gatie Volume 2017, Article ID 3684178, 20 pages Targeting Signaling Pathways in Cancer Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment Jeffrey Koury, Li Zhong, and Jijun Hao Volume 2017, Article ID 2925869, 10 pages Cancer Stem Cells and Their Microenvironment: Biology and Therapeutic Implications Eunice Yuen-Ting Lau, Nicole Pui-Yu Ho, and Terence Kin-Wah Lee Volume 2017, Article ID 3714190, 11 pages Identification of Stem-Like Cells in Atrial Myxoma by Markers CD44, CD19, and CD45 Xianghe Song, Danni Liu, Jian Cui, Manqian Zhou, Hui Wang, Na Liu, Xin Qi, and Zongjin Li Volume 2016, Article ID 2059584, 5 pages Hindawi Stem Cells International Volume 2017, Article ID 7681769, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7681769 Editorial Regulation of Stemness in Carcinoma Cells 1 2 3 4 5 Jijun Hao, Juli Unternaehrer, Xiaojiang Cui, Ninghui Cheng, and Yusuke Oji 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA 2Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA 3Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA 4Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 5Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Jijun Hao; [email protected] Received 16 July 2017; Accepted 16 July 2017; Published 27 July 2017 Copyright © 2017 Jijun Hao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Over the last decade, the important roles of cancer stem ECCs and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have been discussed, cells (CSCs) in tumor recurrence and metastasis have been respectively, in G. M. Kelly and M. I. Gatie’s and A. J. Hron increasingly recognized. Significant efforts have been made and A. Asakura’s articles. to understand the mechanisms underlying regulation of Compelling evidence indicates that tumor microenvi- CSCs’ stemness and biology with the goal of developing ronment is a key regulator in maintenance of CSC stem- effective therapies to target CSCs for cancer treatment. ness, invasiveness, and drug resistance. P. M. Aponte and The purpose of this special issue is to provide readers A. Caicedo reviewed the organization of tumor microenvi- with a representative outlook of the recent advances in ronment components with a focus on mesenchymal stem/ the CSC research field. The topics cover signaling pathways, stromal cells (MSCs), followed by therapeutic strategies transcription factors/epigenetics, miRNA, and microenvi- targeting CSCs in tumors. In parallel, E. Y.-T. Lau et al. ronment in the regulation of CSC stemness as well as identi- offered a thorough overview of stromal cells, immune cells, fication of CSC markers. extracellular matrix, tumor stiffness, and hypoxia in the This special issue publishes seven selected papers regulation of CSC plasticity and therapeutic resistance. regarding the above specific timely topics, and the details CSCs normally constitute a very small proportion of total are summarized below. tumor cells. Thus, identifying reliable and specific CSC Signaling regulation and epigenetic modification are markers will help develop effective therapies to precisely believed to play key roles in CSCs’ stemness and functions. target and destroy the CSCs. In prostate cancer, numerous J. Koury et al. focused on three critical evolutionarily con- markers are postulated to be associated with prostate CSCs; served signaling pathways (Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch path- however, the clinical significance of these markers remains ways) and their crosstalk in governing CSCs’ fate and largely unproven. In the article titled “Prostate Cancer Stem summarized therapeutic studies targeting these pathways to Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, eliminate CSCs and improve overall cancer treatment out- and Bone Metastasis”, K. S. Harris and B. A. Kerr reviewed comes. In addition, G. M. Kelly and M. I. Gatie reviewed current prostate CSC markers with functional relevance current available knowledge of transcription factors, DNA linked to cancer progression, metastatic colonization and methylation, and chromatin remodeling in embryonal carci- growth, recurrence, or therapeutic resistance. Moreover, X. noma cells (ECCs). Furthermore, the roles of miRNA in Song et al. reported that the cells with CD19, CD45, and 2 Stem Cells International CD44 surface markers identified in atrial myxoma were CSC-like cells and may have the capacity for myxoma initiation and progression. The guest editors hope this special issue provides readers with helpful information of recent advances in CSC research and may stimulate interest in further research in this area. Acknowledgments We would like to thank all the authors and reviewers for their excellent contributions. Jijun Hao Juli Unternaehrer Xiaojiang Cui Ninghui Cheng Yusuke Oji Hindawi Stem Cells International Volume 2017, Article ID 8629234, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8629234 Review Article Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis 1,2 2,3 Koran S. Harris and Bethany A. Kerr 1Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA 2Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA 3Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Bethany A. Kerr; [email protected] Received 3 January 2017; Revised 29 March 2017; Accepted 3 May 2017; Published 11 June 2017 Academic Editor: Juli Unternaehrer Copyright © 2017 Koran S. Harris and Bethany A. Kerr. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Metastatic or recurrent tumors are the primary cause of cancer-related death. For prostate cancer, patients diagnosed with local disease have a 99% 5-year survival rate; however, this 5-year survival rate drops to 28% in patients with metastatic disease. This dramatic decline in survival has driven interest in discovering new markers able to identify tumors likely to recur and in developing new methods to prevent metastases from occurring. Biomarker discovery for aggressive tumor cells includes attempts to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs).
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