Marine Biodiversity Impact Assessment and Management Plan for the Cold Water Plume from Floating Storage Re- Gasification Unit (FSRU) Proposed at Jaigarh Port, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra Project Leader Dr. Anirudh Ram S. Jaiswar Associate Project Leaders Dr. V. S. Naidu Dr. Haridevi C.K Mr. Abhay Fulke सीएसआईआर – राष्ट्रीय समद्रु विज्ञान संस्थान CSIR-NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY (िैज्ञाननक तथा औ饍योगिक अनसु धं ान पररषद) (COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH) क्षेत्रीय कᴂ द्र : चार बंिला, अंधेरी (प.) मु륍बई – 400 0053. Regional Centre : 4 Bungalows, Andheri (W), Mumbai- 400 053 फ़ोन/Tel : 91(0)022-26359605-08 • फै啍स /Fax: 91(0)022-26364627 (ई-मेल) e-mail: [email protected] HQ: दोना पािला, िोिा भारत / Dona Paula, Goa – 403 004. July 2017 CONTENTS Project team i Executive summary ii List of tables xi List of figures and plates xii Annexure xiv 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Preamble 1 1.2 Natural gas supply chain 2 1.2.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 3 1.2.2 Benefits of Regasified LNG (RLNG) 3 1.2.3 Ports & Harbours 3 1.4 Need of Proposed Project 4 1.5 Purpose of the report 5 1.6 Identification of project and project proponent 6 1.6.1 Identification of the project 6 1.6.2 Project proponent 7 1.7 Jaigarh Port and Proposed development 9 1.7.1 Onshore Marine Facilities 9 1.7.2 Offshore Marine Facilities 10 1.7.3 Breakwater 11 1.7.4 Berthing and unloading operation facilities 11 1.7.5 Brief description of the project and its importance 11 1.8 Terms of Reference (ToR) 13 1.8.1 Scope of Work proposed by CSIR-NIO 13 1.8.1.1 Objectives 14 1.8.1.2 Data collection 14 1.8.1.3 Monitoring parameters 14 1.8.1.4 Description of marine environment 15 1.8.1.5 Anticipated environment impact and mitigation measures 15 1.8.1.6 Environmental Management Plan(EMP) 15 1.8.1.7 Field data collection 15 1.9 Approach 15 1.9.1 Estuarine and marine environmental data status 15 1.9.2 Proposed development and CRZ notification - 2011 16 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 17 2.1 LNG storage and vaporisation FSRU concept 20 2.2 Facilities description 23 2.3 FSRU and on-board facilities 23 2.3.1 Open Loop LNG Vaporiser 25 2.3.2 Closed Loop LNG Vaporiser 25 2.4 Jetty and terminal facilities 29 2.5 Jaigarh to Dabhol tie-in pipeline 31 3 JAIGARH BELT 34 4 DESCRIPTION OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT 35 4.1 Shastri estuary 35 4.2 Marine environment 35 4.3 Field investigation 36 4.3.1 Period of study 37 4.3.2 Water quality 37 4.3.2.1 Sampling procedure 37 4.3.2.2 Methods of analysis 37 4.3.3 Sediment quality 39 4.3.3.1 Sampling procedure 39 4.3.3.2 Method of analysis 39 4.3.4 Flora and Fauna 39 4.3.4.1 Sampling procedure 39 4.3.4.2 Methods of analysis 40 4.4 Assessment of water quality 41 4.4.1 Temperature 41 4.4.2 pH 43 4.4.3 Suspended solid (SS) 45 4.4.4 Salinity 46 4.4.5 DO and BOD 48 4.4.6 Phosphorus compound 51 4.4.7 Nitrogen compounds 53 4.4.8 Petroleum hydrocarbons(PHc) 57 4.4.9 Phenolic compounds 59 4.5 Assessment of sediment quality 60 4.5.1 Texture 60 4.5.2 Heavy metals 61 4.5.3 Organic carbon 63 4.5.4 Phosphorous 64 4.5.5 Petroleum hydrocarbons 65 4.6 Flora and fauna 66 4.6.1 Bacteria 66 4.6.2 Phytoplankton 68 4.6.3 Mangrove ecosystem 70 4.6.4 Zooplankton 69 4.6.5 Benthic fauna 73 4.6.5.1 Macrobenthos 73 4.6.5.2 Meiobenthos 73 4.6.6 Fishery 74 4.6.7 Corals and associated biota 74 4.6.8 Birds 74 4.6.9 Reptiles and mammals 75 4.7 Bathymetry and physical processes 75 4.7.1 Bathymetry 75 4.7.2 Tides 76 4.7.3 Currents and circulation 76 4.7.4 Waves 76 4.8 Numerical modelling of Hydrodynamics and Dispersion 77 4.8.1 Numerical modelling 77 4.8.2 Hydrodynamics and model 79 4.8.2.1 Basic governing equations 79 4.8.2.2 Model Description 79 4.8.2.3 Model calibration 84 4.8.3 Modelling outfall discharge 90 4.8.3.1 Modelling of warm water Discharge 92 4.8.3.2 Modelling of cold water Discharge 99 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION 5 104 MEASURES 5.1 Identification of impact/general 104 5.2 Land Environment 104 5.2.1 Potential Impacts due to Location 104 5.2.2 Impacts due to changes in land use pattern 105 5.2.3 Project sites specific Impacts 105 5.2.4 Mitigation Measures 105 5.2.5 Impact due to FSRU 108 5.2.6 Project commissioning phase 108 5.2.6.1 Potential impact during operation 109 5.2.6.2 Impact due to seawater intake 109 5.2.6.3 Mitigation measures 109 5.2.6.4 FSRU Reject Effluent 109 5.2.6.5 Mitigation measures 110 5.2.6.6 Release of biocides/ antifoul-ants 110 5.2.6.7 Impact of FSRU effluent on flora and fauna 111 5.2.6.8 Mitigation Measures 111 6 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 113 6.1 Components of EMP 113 Administrative and technical setup for environmental 6.1.1 113 management Institutional mechanism for implementation of mitigation 6.1.2 121 measures 6.1.3 Approach towards voluntary compliance 121 6.2 Environment Management Cell (EMC) 121 6.3 Audits and inspections 123 7 POST – PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 124 7.1 Period of monitoring 124 7.1.1 Sampling locations 124 7.1.2 Water quality 124 7.1.3 Sediment quality 124 7.1.4 Flora and fauna 125 7.1.5 Mangroves 125 7.2 Frequency of monitoring 125 7.3 Assessment 125 8 PROJECT BENIFITS 126 9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 127 9.1 The project 127 9.2 Proposed development and CRZ notification- 2011 127 9.3 Field investigation 128 9.3.1 Assessment of water quality 128 9.3.2 Assessment of sediment quality 128 9.3.3 Assessment of flora and fauna 129 9.3.4 Physical Processes 129 9.4 Anticipated environmental impacts & mitigation measures 131 9.4.1 Impact due to seawater intake 131 9.4.2 Mitigation measures 131 9.4.3 FSRU Reject Effluent 131 9.4.4 Release of biocides / antifoul-ants 132 9.4.5 Impact of FSRU Effluent on flora and fauna 132 9.5 Environment Management 133 9.6 Post – project environmental monitoring 133 9.7 Project benefits 134 REFERENCES 135 PROJECT TEAM Dr. Anirudh Ram S. Jaiswar Chemical Oceanography Dr. V. S. Naidu Physical Oceanography Dr. Haridevi C. K Biological Oceanography Mr. Abhay Fulke Biological Oceanography Dr. A. K. Chaubey Geophysical Oceanography Dr. Soniya Sukumaran Biological Oceanography Dr. Rakesh P. S. Biological Oceanography Dr. Sabyasachi Sautya Biological Oceanography Dr. Umesh Pradhan Chemical Oceanography Mr. G Udhaba Dora Physical Oceanography Mr. Mohammed Ilyas Technical Cell Mr. JairamG.Oza Technical Cell Mr. M. Nageswar Rao Chemical Oceanography Ms. Meena Chauhan Chemical Oceanography Mr. Angad Gaud Chemical Oceanography Ms. Monali Bobade Chemical Oceanography Mr. Laxman Kumbhar Chemical Oceanography Mr. Dhananjay Patil Chemical Oceanography Ms. Deepika Jagdale Chemical Oceanography Mr. Sandeep Yadav Chemical Oceanography Ms. Rechal Siddhapur Chemical Oceanography Ms. Vaishnudurga Parthipan Chemical Oceanography Mr. Rohan Lahane Physical Oceanography Mr. Balakrishna Physical Oceanography Mr. Awkash Sharma Biological Oceanography Ms. Kalpana Chandel Biological Oceanography Mr. Santosh Gaikwad Biological Oceanography Ms. Archana Tiwari Biological Oceanography Mr. Krishna P Singh Biological Oceanography Ms. Revati J. Hardikar Biological Oceanography i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTION H-Energy Gateway Private Limited (HEGPL); is proposing to construct and operate an 8 million metric ton per annum Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Storage & Re-gasification Project at JSW Jaigarh Port on the west coast of India in Maharashtra (the “Project”) by entering in a sub-concession agreement with JSW Jaigarh Port Ltd (JSWJPL). The Project is in close proximity to the GAIL’s Dahej- Uran- Panvel-Dabhol pipeline (DUDPPL), as well as the Dabhol-Bangalore Pipeline (DBPL). Accordingly, the environmental clearance was obtained on the 19th December, 2013 (Vide F. no. 10-17-/2006-IA.III). The environmental clearance was for the water front Jetty, the approaches and the on shore facility including the storage tanks (2 nos and with another one in future), regasification, loading and dispatch facilities. However, with the demand for gas especially on the Konkan Coast of Maharashtra, is taking time to pick up and does not warrant establishment of a full scale land based facility. In addition, the establishment of the land based facility would take considerable time, on account of scale of construction involved consisting of 2 nos. 85 m diameter and 55 m high storage tanks among other things. Accordingly, the project is envisaged to be implemented in a phased manner, to use the long construction period. Hence, phase I of the project will comprise Early Production Facilities (EPF) which will be in service for a period of approximately 5 years. By which time, the Permanent shore based Phase II facilities will be ready and FSRU will be discontinued. While the Phase II operation consisting of the land based permanent facility has received the environmental clearance, the present report is part of the documentation for the proposed amendment in the Environment Clearance for the LNG Operation, in order to enable introduction of FSRU (Floating Storage & Regassification Unit) in the interim period while the detailing and construction of the shore based facility continues.