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Studies on Some Medicinal Plants of Suru Valley of Ladakh Used in Sowa-Rigpa System of Medicine

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Studies on Some Medicinal Plants of Suru Valley of Ladakh Used in Sowa-Rigpa System of Medicine Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 257-269 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 02 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.031 Studies on Some Medicinal Plants of Suru Valley of Ladakh Used in Sowa-Rigpa System of Medicine Rigzin Angmo*, Padma Gurmet, Tsewang Dolma, Tashi Stobgais, Tsering Angdus, Sonam Dawa and Stanzin Kunphel National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa (NRIS-Leh) (Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH Govt. of India), Leh-194101, Inidia *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds The present study reveals that Suru valley is rich in medicinal flora. The traditional knowledge on native plants species indicates the Sowa-Rigpa (Amchi) system of Suru, Medicinal medicine which has been the traditional medicine of this region. Sowa-Rigpa has been plant, Shia, temperate, Sowa- the only medical system prevalent for centuries in the entire Ladakh region and Suru Rigpa valley has been known f or its rich medicinal wealth since ages. Though the inhabitant of this regions are follower of Shia sect of Islam known as Balti schedule tribe but the Article Info people have great respect and believe in Sowa-Rigpa system of medicine for treating Accepted: various diseases. The flora of Suru valley is a mixture of temperate as well as of alpine 04 January 2019 desert vegetation it is known for its rich medicinal plants wealth. The present study Available Online: attempts to study 33 medicinal plants of Suru valley used in Sowa-rigpa system of 10 February 2019 medicine. Introduction region and the soil quality is also fertile. The valley’s most significant town is Kargil. The Suru valley is one of the most beautiful other places in this valley are Sanku, Paskum. regions of Ladakh. It stretches between 33° Batalic, Shakar-Chiktan, Panikhar, Mulbekh, 55’ N to 34°17’N latitudes and 75°57’E to Bodhkharbu, etc. The majority of inhabitants 76°21’longitude. It lies in northeastern of this valley are known as Baltis which were foothills of the great Himalayas. The average follower of Shia-sect of Islam followed by altitude of the valley is 3000 m. In general few Sunni populations. The people of this topography of the valley is rugged and valley are mostly depending on Agriculture mountainous with extremely irregular for livelihood. According to a survey boundaries. The valley is bounded on the conducted by Tribal Health Care Research north-west with Drass and on north-east with Project on Ministry of AYUSH by the Zanskar. The summer seasons are longer and National Research Institute for Sowa-Rigpa warmer as compare to other valleys of Ladakh the population of these regions has prevalence 257 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 257-269 of disease like arthritis, digestive disorders, time combination of various plants and are pulmonary problem, skin diseases and rarely made up of single plant and most often hypertension etc. Within a few kilometers it is a combination of 3 to 40 ingredients apart from Sanku there is giant rock cut statue (Samant et al., 2001, Phunstog, 2006). of Maitreya Buddha which is 23ft signifies that long time back Buddhism was prevalent Gradually traditional medicine has gained in this region. Majority of people know little considerable impetus in western countries due about the indigenous uses of the plants but to the growing awareness about the side effect Amchis are well aware of medicinal plants of of allopathic medicine (Kala 2000; 2005; the area. The local people largely depends on Olsen and Larsen, 2003). The consumption of traditional medicinal for the health care. herbal medicine is widespread and increasing in recent years and approximately 80% of the The flora of this valley is a mixture of people in developing countries depend on temperate as well as of alpine desert traditional medicine for primary health care vegetation it is known for valuable medicinal (Farnsworth et al., 1985; Dhyani and Kala, plants like Podophyllum hexandrum, 2005; Kala et al, 2006). The global market for Aconitum heterophyllum, Dactylorhiza herbal medicine is estimated to be worth US hatagirea etc. Suru valley is also known for $800 billion a year (Rajasekharan and good production of apricot. Even plantation of Ganeshan 2002; Raven, 1998; Kuniyal, willow and poplar trees made this region 2005). India is one of the leading countries in relatively lush and attractive. The white Asia in terms of wealth of medicinal plants. topped mountain peaks of the Nun (7135m) Kun (7090m) massif topping 7000m are Materials and Methods visible from several places in the valley. Due to comparatively lower altitude most of the Ethno-botanical survey and collection were areas of Suru valley are double cropped. done during the summer month. Collection was done all along the road sides, passes, hills In the present investigation ethno-medico as well as along the river beds. A total of 61 botanical survey of Suru valley has been medicinal plants species were collected out of undertaken in which out of 61 plant species which 33 plants of medicinal uses were collected detail study of thirty three medicinal identified with the help of available literature, plants are presented. at the same time ethno-botanical information were gathered from the local people, shepherd Herbal treasure and same were verified through various like Amchis, literature and old aged people. It is well known that Himalaya is considered Herbarium and field notes are prepared and as treasure house of medicinal plants since the kept at National Research Institute for Sowa- time immemorial. The people of Ladakh Rigpa- Leh. region still prefer herbal prescription based on traditional system of medicine known as Results and Discussion Sowa-Rigpa or Amchis system and practitioners of this medicine are popularly Observation known as Aba in Suru valley. Amchis used has been collecting medicinal plant from Suru Thirty three medicinal plants which were areas and it is one of the medicinal plants hot collected are arranged in alphabetical order spot of Ladakh region (Samal et al., 2004; providing information on their families (Table Kaul, 1997). The medicine are most of the 1 and Fig. 1). 258 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 257-269 Table.1 Botanical Sowa- Family Habitat Botanical feature Part Sowa-rigpa uses name rigpa use name Aconitum Bong-dkar Ranunculaceae Moist places An erect perennial herb, stem Roots It treats arthritis, gout, swelling heterophyllum and in open branched, roots are tuberous and pain and inflammation, body pain, field leaves are ovate heart shaped to lymph fluid diseases, intestinal round blade. Lower leaves are worms, cardiac diseases, leprosy deeply lobed, long stalked and and paralysis etc. flowers are large, greenish purple usually in spike like clusters. Arctium lappa Byi- Asteraceae Commonly A tall coarse herb, stems are much Roots It treats kidney diseases, urinary bzyung found in dry branched; leaves are petiole, ovate- bladder cysts, tumors in uterus, and wet cordate. Flower heads are terminal cancer, nerve disorders. Roots are places and hooked. especially used for cancer and tumors. Artemesia Mkhan- Asteraceae Dry and stony A much branched highly aromatic Leaves A leave extract is used against brevifolia dkar slopes and perennial plant. Leaves are ovate, stomach complaints, digestion, along the stalked, dissected into linear blunt seeds are considered to be useful roadsides segments. Flower heads are small, against obesity they also reduce fat yellowish to reddish in auxiliary deposition in stomach. cluster of spike. Artemisia Tsar-bong Asteraceae Dry and A perennial herb flower heads Leaves The extract of leaves and flowers dracunculus sandy areas racemose, panicle globose. Leaves is useful in stomach complaints. are trifed at the points, lanceolate. Stems are erect and branched. Anaphalis Ta-wa Compositae Open slopes Dwarf usually tufted woolly haired Leaves, It treats epidemic fever, antidote trilinervis perennial herb. Leaves narrow- stems, against poisons, bleeding and lanceolate, white woolly. Flowers flowers swelling. white in color, solitary or few borne and on an erect stem. fruits 259 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(2): 257-269 Cremanthodiu Ming- Asteraceae Open slopes It is a perennial herb of about 25 to Leaves, It is used for diphtheria, m ellisii chan- and rocks 40 cm tall with numerous long roots flower, inflammation muscular tissue, nagpo which look like spitted tendons. trunks infectious diseases including cold, Basal leaves are broad sword shaped and inflammation and act as antidote with their petioles flattened at the fruits for poisoning. base. Unevenly lobed, slightly thick and green in colour with light purplish base about 1 to 4.5cm wide and 20 to 30cm long including petiole. Codonopsis Klu-bdud- Campanulaceae Cultivated A sweet scented sub-erect hairy Leaves, It treats the arthritis, gout, ovate rdo-rje fields, moist perennial herb. Stem are much trunks, rheumatism, elephantiasis, leprosy, places and branched, covered with glandular flower nerves disorder, stiffening of alpine slopes. hairs. Leaves are compound, flowers and ligaments and tendons, joints are cream in color with mild fruits pains, planetary diseases, evil and fragrance and hooked spurs. spirits diseases Clematis E-mong Ranunculaceae Cultivated A woody perennial climber. Leaves Leaves, Treats indigestion, loss of vernayi Nakpo areas are pinnate, lanceolate-ovate leaflet flowers digestive heat, badkan and long lobed, long stalked. Flower dull and related growth or tumours and reddish yellowish green with broad fruits various other types of tumours and blunt spreading petals which are pus related problems. densely hairy inside and hairless outside. Carum carvi Go-Snyod Apiaceae Cultivated An annual or biennial glabrous herb Fruit The fruits and seeds are used as fields with procumbent or erect stem, 30- febrifuge, improve eye vision, 60cm.
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