Environmental Screening Report for the Augmentation of Dunumadalawa Water Treatment Plant

Project Management Unit

Strategic Cities Development Project

November 2015

Table of Contents 1. Project Identification 03

2. Project Location 03

3. Project Justification 08

4. Project Description 08

5. Description of the Existing Environment 13

6. Public Consultation 17

7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures 19

7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts 19

7b. Environmental Management Plan 23

8. Cost of Mitigation 61

9. Conclusion and Screening Decision 62

10. EMP Implementation responsibilities and Costs 64

11. Screening Decision Recommendation 64

12. Details of Persons Responsible for the Environmental Screening 64

Annexes

1. Site layout Plan of the Dunumadalawa WTP 2. Geological and Soil Map of the Project Area 3. Environmental Sensitive Area Map of Kandy 4. Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Borrow Pit Operation 5. Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Quarry Operation 6. Chance Find Procedures 7. Sri Lankan Environmental Pollution Control Standards 8. Waste Management General Guidelines 9. Factory Ordinance and ILO Guidelines 10. Detailed Designs

Abbreviations

CEA - Central Environment Authority DS - Divisional Secretariat PMU - Project Management Unit RDA - Road Development Authority GSMB - Geological Survey and Mines Bureau NWS&DB - National Water Supply and Drainage Board SLT - Sri Lanka Telecom CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board ICTAD - Institute for Construction Training and Development ID - Irrigation Department LA - Local Authority ILO - International Labor Organization IDA - International Development Agency WB - World Bank PS - Pradeshiya Sabha IE - Irrigation Engineer ME - Mining Engineer MOH - Medical Officer of Health PHI - Public Health Inspector RoW - Right of Way EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment IEE - Initial Environmental Examination RHS - Right Hand Side LHS - Left Hand Side Co-op - Co-opeartive DBH - Diameter at Brest Height IML - Industrial Mining License EPL - Environmental Protection License VET - Vehicular Emission Test EMP - Environmental Management Plan EA - Environmental Assessment AL – Artisinal Mining License

Strategic Cities Development Project Environmental Screening Report

1. Project Identification Project title Strategic Cities Development Project Augmentation of Dunumadalawa Water Treatment Plant Project Proponent Strategic Cities Development Project, Ministry of Megapolis and Western Development

2.Project Location Location Dunumadalawa Water Treatment Plant is located about 0.7 km away (relative to the nearest from the Kandy City Center in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. The town, highway) proposed project area is a water supply scheme connected to the Dunumadalawa tank located in the Kandy district. This tank and the water supply scheme was built by the former British rulers (1870s) in order to provide clean drinking water to residents in the Kandy city. Dunumadalawa and Rosnith tanks are interconnected together through a system like cascade to collect water and supply to downstream people in the Dunumadalawa and surrounding areas. Location of the project is depicted in Annex 1. Definition of Project Area Geographical co-ordinates of the Dunumadalawa Water Treatment Plant are E-80.63759 and N- 7.284540 and located at an elevation of 550 m MSL. (The geographical extent Dunumadalawa and villages surrounding belongs to GangawataKorale of the project & areas Divisional Secretary Division (DSD) of the Kandy district. The local affected during administrative bodyof the project area is the Kandy Municipal Council construction) (KMC). The area affected during construction due to the construction of the proposed augmentation of the water treatment plant will be limited mainly to the existing water treatment plant.Impacts foreseen will be at a very low magnitude as it is to construction of new aerator and floculator. These new construction will be done between existing water intake and the treatment plant building just behind the Dunumadalawa Dam. See attached Project Area Map in Annex 1.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 4 Adjacent land and features

Fig 1: Dam of the Dunumadalawa reservoir

Eastern boundary of the existing water treatment plant is Dunumadalawa Dam (Fig. 1) and Northern boundary is the existing water meter laboratory of the KMC and the outlet canal of the Dunumadalawa reservoir (See Annexure 1). Western Boundary of the existing water treatment plant is Reservoir tank 2 (Fig. 2) of the Dunumadalawa water supply scheme.

Fig 2: R2 Reservoir Tank

3. Project Justification Need for the project Dunumadalawa Water Treatment Plant is a fully gravity water supply scheme operates as a partial treatment plant having its original design (What problem is the project capacity of 1,500 m3/day. As mentioned above,it was built in year 1975 to going to solve) provide safe drinking water facility to Kandy City and raw water is obtained from Dunumadalawa Reservoir. At present, it was identified that the raw water from Dunumadalawa reservoir contains high concentration of iron and colour which exceed permissible levels in accordance with the SLS-1983. Further it was noted that most of the period, pH levels of raw water have been dropped beyond the acceptable limits. In addition, it has been recorded that higher levels of Turbidity during the rainy period and this situation will be aggravated in near future as the drinking water source

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 5 has been exposed to the pollution sources on the grounds in the upper catchment area. The present treatment process taking place to treat the water is conventional process but without aeration and flocculation steps. In addition Kandy Municipal Council assumes that they extract 2000m3/day of water through the existing Dunumadalawa water treatment plant but KMC doesn’t have any records to justify that quantity since the treatment plant doesn’t have a bulk flow meter to measure water flow through the WTP. Thus the Kandy Municipal Council proposed to augment the Dunumadalawa water treatment plant up to 5000 m3/day capacity and get its continuous input since the operational and maintenance cost of the plant is very low with compared to the treatment plant located at Gatambe as it is a gravity water supply scheme.However, with respect to the water flow records of Dunumadalawa impounding reservoir, static water head, and availability of the land area for new structures such as aerator and flocculator, and restraint to expand the existing structures such as sedimentation tank, the maximum design capacity of the treatment plant is limited to 3500 m3/day.

Purpose of the project The proposed project is to rehabilitate the existing water treatment (what is going to be facility and increase its capacity by 3500 m3/day from its original achieved by carrying out the design capacity of 1500 m3/day to produce reliable and clean project) drinking water which confirms to SLS 614, 1983 and WHO standards.

Alternatives considered There were no alternatives to be considered than rehabilitation of (different ways to meet the existing water treatment plant by completing the steps of the project need and achieve the conventional process. project purpose) Alternative methods of disposal of sludge were considered and provision of in situ sludge treatment plant is recommended considering the operational and management issues which could be arisen due to transferring of sludge to Getambe Sludge treatment plant.

4. Project Description Proposed June 2016 start date Proposed September 2017 completion date Estimated LKR 260 Million total cost Present land Proposed intervention sites are owned and maintained by Kandy Municipal Council ownership Description It has been proposed to augment the existing treatment plant by introducing new aerator , of the flocculator and improving five existing filters with new nozzles, chemical dosing system project and plate settlers and convert the current partial conventional process in to complete one (with according to the flow diagram given below. supporting material such as

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 6 maps, drawings etc Aeration attached as required) Coagulation & Flocculation

Sedimentation

Filtration

Disinfection

Clear Water Storage & Distribution

Flow Diagram: Stages of proposed Treatment Process

Aeration : Dissolved ferrous and manganese compound Can be oxidized by aeration and precipitated as insoluble ferric and manganic oxide hydrates which then be removed by sedimentation and filtration process. As such, a new aerator is introduced as an addition to the existing structure having its design capacities of 3500 m3 /day and to convert the existing partial water treatment plant in to full treatment plant. Further, Cascade type aerator is proposed here to minimize the head loss within the treatment process (Fig 3&4).

Fig. 3: drawing of proposed aerator and floculator

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 7

Fig. 4:Site layout plan with Aerator, Floculator and Plate settler

Flocculation: New flocculator is introduced for the focculation process as an additional structure to the existing treatment plant. Flocculation in the coagulated water, which causes the fine moving, destabilized particles to come in to contact and become large, readily settleable flocs by improving the creating velocity gradients in the water to increase the chance of collision between particles. The Capacity of the flocculator will be 3500 cum/day.

Fig 5: Available land for the Aerator and the Floculator

Coagulation: Colloidal particles and fine suspended materials can’t be removed by sedimentation because of their extremely low settling velocities. Therefore coagulant to be added to water to form bulky flocs particles which will settle readily removing most of the colloidal and suspended constituents of the water. AluminiumSulphate (Alum) is used as coagulant aid and lime will be used for pHcorrection of raw water. Therefore chemical dosing system with capacity of 3500 m3 /day will be introduced to improve the existing system

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 8 Sedimentation: Sedimentation is used to remove the suspended matters from water through a process of settling. Plate settler will be introduced to increase the existing capacity up to 3500 cum/Day.

Fig 6: Detail diagram of the Plate settler of the sedimentation Tank

Filtration: Filtration is the final polishing operation in water treatment. Existing five numbers of rapid sand filters with filter nozzles will be rehabilitated. Each unit having the design filtration rate of 2000 cum/Day.

Fig 7: Section plan of rapid sand filters and backwash pump house

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 9 Sludge treatment facility:

The design of Sludge Drying Bed is mainly based on site specifications, as well as environmental andclimatic factors. The Volume of Sludge Generation depends on the quality of the raw water. It isestimated that Sludge generation rate is approximately 75 – 200 kg dry solids/ m2 /year from the water treatment plant. However the sizing of the sludge drying beds is carried out considering the worst case scenario. The Proposed sludge drying bed comprised of at three compartments each having the area of 150Sqm with sand layer ranging from 230 – 300 mm depth. The uniformity coefficient of the filter sandshall not exceed 4.0 and effective size of 0.3 to 0.75 mm. The size of the gravel is varies from 15-25mm.The piping to the sludge drying beds is designed for velocity of at‐least 0.75 m/s. The sludge is placedon the bed in 20–30 cm layers and allowed to dry. Sludge cake is intended to remove by manually byshovelling into trucks or front‐end loader. The drying period is designed to 10–15 days.

Project A Project Management Unit (PMU) was established under the Ministry of Megapolis& Management Western Development to implement the proposed development activities in Kandy Team under the Strategic Cities Development Project (SCDP).

Contact Persons:

Archt. Anura Dassanayake, Project Director, Strategic Cities Development Project of Ministry of Megapolis& Western Development Tel: 0112 887320 Email: [email protected]

Mrs. Gangadari Ranawaka, Deputy Project Director(Environment), Strategic Cities Development Project of Ministry of Megapolis& Western Development Tel.: 0112 887320 E-mail: [email protected]

5. Description of the existing environment 5.1 Physical features – Ecosystem components Topography and Kandy City, where the project area is situated, is a plateau in the central terrain mountainous region and lies about 520-480aboveMSL. The terrain in the Kandy City area possesses a basin-like morphology and does not contain many steep, plunging slopes except in the surrounding mountains. The topography in this plateau consists of undulating plains with hillocks and valleys formed by the drainage paths. Soil (type and quality) The main geological feature of Kandy City and its surrounding area is a band of marble that extends up to 650 m to one kilometer thick. This band is classified as coarse crystalline mainly made up of calcite. Calcsilicate gneiss intruded as bands within the host marble including scapolite and spinel as additional minerals. Collectively these two rock types give rise to reddish-brown overburden latosolic soil and immature brown loams in steep, hilly, and rolling terrain that on average ranges in thickness from one to three meters (Geology and Soil Map of the Project Area is annex 2). Surface water The surface water sources are intermittent streams, creeks and canals (sources, distance from associated with surface runoff which flows towards the Dunumadalawa

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 10 the site, local uses and reservoir and Kandy lake. There are no other surface water sources quality) available in the vicinity other than the Dunumadalawa reservoir and Kandy Lake, which is located upper and downhill from the existing water treatment plant site respectively. There are no surface water irrigated lands within this area and water extraction for irrigation and drinking purposes is negligible. Ground water In Kandy area, the cover of the overburden is relatively thin. (sources, distance from Groundwater table is relatively shallow. However, due to the sloping the site, local uses and terrain the groundwater table lies fairly deep in hilly areas such as the area quality) in which the project site is located.The data on groundwater availability in the project area is not sufficient to make a clear deduction and therefore it is not possible to exactly quantify the availability, yield and the capacity within the project area. It is noted that groundwater is not extracted in large quantities for water supply projects or for commercial purposes within the area. Landslide Prone Areas The entire Kandy District is considered as a landslide vulnerable region in Sri Lanka. In the past landslides in Peradeniya and Getambe (not within this road stretches) have caused the loss of life, damage to property, and disruption to services and traffic. According to the Environmental Sensitive Area Map prepared by the Central Environmental Authority, the entire project area is located within the Landslide Prone Area. Environmental Sensitive Area map is attached as Annex 3. Air quality Heavy vehicle movements along SangarajaMawathaandRajapihilla Road (any pollution issues) lead to air pollutant emissions, such as dust including PM10, PM2.5, smoke including CO, CO2, NOx, SOxetc. Such air pollution level can be aggravated during peak hours (6am-9am, 12noon-2.30pm and 4pm- 5.30pm) when traffic movements are impeded. Due to construction activities the air quality within the immediately surrounding will be affected for a shorter period. Fugitive dust particles could escape into the atmosphere during such construction activities and during transportation and subsequent storage and handling of construction material.Heavy vehicle movement in the project area leads to air pollution such as NOx, CO, CO2, and Particular Matter. During day time such issues can be significant due to heavy traffic in this area.

Source: Air Quality Monitoring Program by National Building Research Organization (NBRO)-2011

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 11 Sampling location of the Kandy City K1 DaladaWeediya K15 MalwathuViharaya K2 DaladaWeediya(Swiss) K16 DaladaWeediya K3 KotegodellaWeediya K17 UdawattaKele K4 YatinuwaraWeediya K18 Asgiriya K5 In front of Market K19 Asgiriya K6 In front of Bogambara Prison K20 Ab Damunupola Mw K7 Wells Park K21 Geroge E Silva Mw K8 DaladaMaligawa K22 General Hospital K9 Trinity College K23 Bogambara K10 MeeraMackemJummaMosc K24 Mahamaya M W K11 BahirawakandaViharaya K25 Katukele K12 Bahirawakanda Road K26 Tennis Court K13 Good Shed K27 DharmarajaJunc K14 EhelapolaKumarihami Mw K28 Mulgampola

The concentration of NO2 and SO2 at In front of Bogambara prison, Wale’s park General Hoapital and Bogambara which are closer to the project site ranges between 11-12 µg/m3, 28 -25 µg/m3, 53 -49 µg/m3and 14-11 µg/m3 respectively values calculated on the basis of 24 hour. NO2 levels measured are below the permissible levels stipulated by the CEA and there are no WHO guidelines for NO2 24hrs range. SO2 levels measured are also below the maximum permissible limits stipulated by the CEA but these locations results exceeds the WHO limits according to the WHO guidelines for SO2 in the 24hrs basis.

The PM10 concentration at the Wale’s Park area is reported as 56 µg/m3 which is below the National standards while this reports as the relatively highest among tested locations in Kandy City. This is even below the WHO limits stipulated. 5.2 Ecological features – Eco-system components Vegetation The land strip which will be utilized for the establishment of new aerator (trees, ground cover, and floculator will be 5 perches in extent and not having large trees other aquatic vegetation) than grasses dominated by Panicum maximum. Only three large trees can be found in the project site where new constructions going on. They are Chukrasiatabularis (HulangHik), Ficus nervosa and Acasia Spp. Presence of wetlands No wetlands presence in the project area

Fish and fish habitats Fish sampling was not carried out and as per the available informal observations made by local people of the area with respect to fish fauna, the Dunumadalawa Reservoir and outlet canal are 1. Kanaya- Labeodussumier 2. Guppies- Poeciliareticulata 3. Lula -Channastriata 4. Tilapia mossambica 5. Koraliya -Etroplussuratensis

Birds (waterfowl, Bird species found during field visits are given below: migratory birds, 1. Crimson fronted barbet - Megalaimarubricapillus others) 2. Pigeons – Columba torrigtoni 3. Common myna- Acridotherestristis 4. Strock- billed Kingfisher- Halcyon capensis 5. Kana koka- Aredolagrayii

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 12 6. Purple sunbird- Nectariniaasiatica 7. Common Crows -Corvusbrachyrhynchos 8. Parrot- Loriculusberyllinus 9. Common coucal (Atikukula) - Centropussinesis

Other Important According to the observations made at the site and gathered information Existing animals from the residents of the area following species can be found in the species: vicinity of the existing water treatment plant area

1. Rilawa - Macacasinica 2. Barking deer - Muntiacusmuntiak, 3. Small Squarel - Funambulussublineatus, 4. Ittewa - Hystrixindica, 5. Walhawa - Lepus nigricollis 6. Miminna - Tragulusmeminna, 7. Tortoises-Lissemyspunctata 8. Green Garden Lizard -Calotescalotes 9. Guinea pig-Caviaporcellus 10. Kabaragoya – Varanussalvatorsalvator 11. Thalagoya - Varanusbengalensis 12. Sri Lankan Keel back (Diyabariya)- Xenochrophisasperrimus 13. Mongoose-Herpestesbrachyurus 14. Wildboar-Susscrofa 15. Frogs –Rana temporaria and Bufo sp.

Insects in the area 1. Butterflies Species 2. Dragonfly Species 3. Water boatmen; Corixapunctate 4. Ants Species 5. Reheyya -Cicada Sp. 6. Termites - Isoptera

Presence of special Upper side of the Dunumadalawa dam and the reservoir is a reserved habitat areas (special forest managed by the Forest Department. In addition to that, according to designations and sensitive area map produced by the Central Environmental Authority identified sensitive (CEA) (Annexure 3), the whole area around the Kandy lake is a sensitive zones) zone. In Addition to that the sensitive area is specified in the Soil Conservation act and part III of the scheduled of the Gazette Extraordinary No.772/22 of 24th June 1993 and subsequent amendments by the CEA. Therefore all developments within this area are subject to CEA approval. Other features Residential/Sensitive There are few residential blocks belongs to KMC and no any schools, Areas temples or hospital close vicinity to the project site. In addition to these, (Eg: Hospitals, most of the adjoining land uses are residential and highly built-up areas Schools) which will have no major disturbances caused.

Traditional economic No any significant cultural and economic activity encountered during and cultural activities screening other than small scale commercial establishments.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 13 Archeological There were no any archeologically important sites been encountered resources closer to the proposed project area (recorded or potential to exist)

6. Public Consultation

Name of Respondent Representation Concern P. V, Gunathunga Casual employee of KMC Appreciated proposed initiatives going to be taken to augmentation of Dunumadalawa WTP to provide quality treated water to the KMC area Mr.Gayan-Engineer, KMC Officials of KMC The proposed land for the sludge treatment Mr.Dissanayake-Technical component of the project has three office Assistant quarters and three families are already occupied. As there is no other lands suitable for this purpose, staff accommodation facilities need to be constructed by the project. Sumanweera Dissanayake Casual employee of KMC Relevant agencies including the general public should collectively encourage this type of development because of the importance of the distribution of quality and standard drinking water to general public. Chamila Kumara Daladagama Resident of the quarters at Providing new quarters for the occupied the proposed sludge residence is good and improvements to the treatment facility site water treatment plant is timely proposed and public are willing to accept the proposed augmentations soon

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 14 7. Environmental Effects and Mitigation Measures 7a. Screening for Potential Environmental Impacts Significance of the effect # Screening question Yes No (Low, moderate, high) 1 Will construction and operation of the Project involve YES Low actions which will cause physical changes in the locality Only the aerator and floculator will be established as new (topography, land use, changes in water bodies, etc) structures in 5 perch extent.

2 Will the Project involve use, storage, transport, handling YES Low or production of substances or materials which could be Possibility of activities related to use, storage, transport, harmful to human health or the environment or raise handling or production of substances or materials which could concerns about actual or perceived risks to human be harmful to human health or environmental is low in scale health? due to transportation of construction materials, and excavated materials, storage of dried sludge, storage of construction materials, etc 3 Will the Project produce solid wastes during construction YES Moderate or operation? During construction, demolition of existing structures (if any) and other construction related debris will be collected and disposed by the contractor to the site recommended by the Engineer. Construction debris should not be allowed to remain on site as it will block drains, canals.

During operation, sludge cakes from drying beds and other waste need to be collected regularly not allowing it to stagnate at the trap locations which may lead to blockage. KMC is responsible to remove the sludge cake from drying beds and waste collected at the treatment plant regularly.

4 Will the Project release pollutants or any hazardous, YES Low toxic or noxious substances to air? During construction, only possible pollutant is dust particles and other smoke emits from vehicles used for transportation. The potential effects of alum sludge discharge on receiving bodies of water (in this case initially Medaela and finally the Mahaweli River) can be broadly classified as aesthetic or toxic.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 15 Aluminum forms compounds with organic and inorganic ligands that are soluble in acidic and basic solutions and quite insoluble in neutral solutions. Under acidic and basic conditions, monomeric aluminum is the major soluble aluminum, consisting mostly of aluminate iron which categorized as industrial toxic. Other than that no any pollutants or any hazardous, toxic or noxious substance will be released to the air. 5 Will the Project cause noise and vibration or release of Yes Low light, heat energy or electromagnetic radiation? During construction, noise and vibration from vehicle movements, demolition activities, loading, unloading of materials, compaction activities (if any), etc are potential sources. But, these are temporary in nature. Limited to construction period of very small time frame as the construction or rehabilitation of existing water treatment plant will not take long time. But release of light, heat energy and electromagnetic radiation sources will not be there. 6 Will the Project lead to risks of contamination of land or Yes Low water from releases of pollutants onto the ground or into As mentioned above, during the construction if the construction surface waters, groundwater or coastal wasters? debris is not collected regularly and properly, contamination of water is possible. Therefore, Supervision consultant whom will be appointed by the SCDP should be responsible to monitor the effectiveness of removal of construction debris as well as sludge cakes from drying beds during the operation in consultation with Irrigation Department. Temporary drainage should be arranged to flow the water without blocking it with construction waste. 7 Will the project cause localized flooding and poor No No any construction activities will lead to localized drainage during construction flooding

Is the project area located in a flooding location?

8 Will there be any risks and vulnerabilities to public Yes Low safety due to physical hazards during construction or Risks in material unloading will have to be done with care.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 16 operation of the Project? Proper sign boards need to be displayed at the sites.

9 Are there any transport routes on or around the location Yes Low which are susceptible to congestion or which cause The access roads have to be used in transportation of environmental problems, which could be affected by the construction materials to the site. Since these roads are narrow project? and that will create traffic in some instances. Small trucks have to be used for this purpose to minimize the impact.

10 Are there any routes or facilities on or around the No No such recreational locations encountered to be affected from location which are used by the public for access to the proposed activities. recreation or other facilities, which could be affected by the project? 11 Are there any areas or features of high landscape or No No any affect to the surrounding scenic value due to project scenic value on or around the location which could be affected by the project? 12 Are there any other areas on or around the location No No such sensitive location which could be affected by the which are important or sensitive for reasons of their project ecology e.g. wetlands, watercourses or other water bodies, the coastal zone, mountains, forests which could be affected by the project?

13 Are there any areas on or around the location which are Yes Moderate (Positive) used by protected, important or sensitive species of fauna Due to the improvements on existing treatment plant will or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, enhance the quality of the water supply in the KMC area and migration, which could be affected by the project? the sludge treatment facility will improve the quality of effluent which release from backwash pump and sediment tank and it willbe a positive impact on the fish species and other aquatic fauna in Medaela and finally the Mahaweli river. Other than that there are no any other special habitats which will have an impact over these activities. 14 Is the project located in a previously undeveloped area No No such green field is encountered where there will be loss of green field land 15 Will the project cause the removal of trees in the No No tree is planned to be uprooted or cut or pruned locality?

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 17 16 Are there any areas or features of historic or cultural No No such areas are found to be affected importance on or around the location which could be affected by the project?

17 Are there existing land uses on or around the location No There will be no land uses such as home gardens, private e.g. homes, gardens, other private property, industry, property, industries, recreation, public open spaces, community commerce, recreation, public open space, community facilities, etc affected. facilities, agriculture, forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could be affected by the project? 18 Are there any areas on or around the location which are No The area is generally built up but no one will be affected. densely populated or built-up, which could be affected by the project? 19 Are there any areas on or around the location which are No No such locations which will be affected due to project occupied by sensitive land uses e.g. hospitals, schools, activities places of worship, community facilities, which could be affected by the project

20 Are there any areas on or around the location which No No such important areas affected by the project encountered contain important, high quality or scarce resources e.g. during the screening. groundwater, surface waters, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals, which could be affected by the project? 21 Are there any areas on or around the location which are No No such areas already subjected to pollution already subject to pollution or environmental damage e.g. where existing legal environmental standards are exceeded, which could be affected by the project?

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 18 7b. Environmental Management Plan – Augmentation of Dunumadalawa existing water treatment plant

Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision 1.0 Construction Phase

1.1 Earthwork and Soil Conservation

1.1.1 Site Clearance and Land Development

Prevention of removal of trees as far as possible. Applicable for Engineerin Contractor KMC/ establishment of g cost PMU/SC During removing, attention should be paid to maintain minimum aerator and disturbances to soil cover and also care should be taken not to damage floculator adjoining trees.

It is recommended to plant trees along the possible places in order to enhance the environment.

Water spraying should be done at a regular interval to avoid/mitigate dust generation due to site clearance (refer sections 1.2.1 below on prevention of dust generation) 1.1.2 Disposal of Debris and Spoil (Refer annex 8)

(a) All debris and residual spoil material including any left earth shall be Disposal sites Engineerin contractor PMU, KMC/SC disposed only at locations approved by the engineer for such purpose identified by the g cost and subjected to the clauses 1.1.2.b and 1.1.2.c. contractor and approved by Engineer are subjected to approval of DS, LA & Engineer (b) If directed by the engineer the contractor shall obtain the approval from -Do- - -do- PMU, KMC/SC the relevant Local Authority (LA) such as Pradeshiya Sabha, Municipal

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 19 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision Council and other government agencies (as required) for disposal and spoil at the specified location. (c) The debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that; Existing WTP Engineerin -do- PMU, KMC/SC (i) waterways and drainage paths are not blocked g cost (ii) the disposed material should not be washed away by runoff and (iii) should not be a nuisance to the public (d) If directed by the engineer the debris and residual spoil material All burrow sites do -do- -do- including any left earth shall be used, to refill the burrow areas as (licensed sites) directed by the engineer, subjected to laying of topsoil as per EMP identified by clause. contractor and Refer section on burrow material approved by Engineer.

Proper waste management on site

(e) Excavated earth materials and all debris materials shall be disposed on a Dunumadalawa do -do- -do- daily basis (or as necessary given the waste quantities generated and treatment plant onsite stockpiling space) without allowing to stockpile onsite, at site / working area identified locations for debris disposal, recommended by the engineer. During transportation, dispose materials should be covered with tarpaulin.

(f) If consented by the engineer, contractor can dispose construction debris In identified - -do- -do- and excavated earth as land filling material provided that the contractor filling sites

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 20 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision can ensure that such material is used for legally acceptable purposes and subjected to the is disposed in a manner that will not be harmful to the surrounding approval of environment. engineer

(g) The contractor shall maintain a waste register in the site office which At Dunumadalawa do -do- -do- will keep records of types and quantities of wasted removed from the Treatment Plant site and places of disposal. The waste registry will be monitored by the site PMU staff during project implementation. 1.1.3 Protection of Ground Cover and Vegetation

(a) Construction vehicle, machinery and equipment (if any) shall be used At Dunumadalawa - Contractor PMU/KMC/SC and stationed only in the areas of work and in any other area designated/ Treatment Plant approved by the engineer. site Ad-hoc and scattered parking and placement of machinery should be avoided to minimize harm to roadside ground cover. (b) Contractor should provide necessary instructions to drivers, operators -Do- -Do- -do- -do- and other construction workers not to destroy ground vegetation cover unnecessarily. Designated vehicle parks and maintenance yards must be informed to labour force. 1.1.4 Prevention of soil erosion

(a) The work, permanent or temporary shall consist of measures as per Applicable to the Engineerin Contractor PMU, KMC, design or as directed by the engineer to control soil erosion, existing WTP site g cost SC sedimentation and water pollution to the satisfaction of the engineer. and the Sludge

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 21 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision Typical measures include the use of berms, dikes sediment basins, fiber treatment site mats, mulches, grasses, slope drains and other devices. All sedimentation and pollution control works and maintenance thereof are deemed, as incidental to the earthwork or other items of work and no separate payment will be made for their implementation. (b) Debris material shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways, Engineerin Contractor PMU, KMC, drainage paths would not get blocked, both onsite and offsite. Disposal g cost SC of loose soil shall not be done within 100m of any waterway. (c) During rehabilitation/reconstruction of roadside drainage of the WTP At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU,KMC, SC site, temporary drainage paths must be erected to drain rain water Treatment Plant g cost properly and to avoid on-site ponding. site

These temporary drains should include silt traps or any other sediment trapping measures to minimize silt carrying runoff generated from the site. (d) Embankment slopes, slopes of cuts, etc shall not be unduly exposed to At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU, KMC, erosive forces. These exposed slopes shall be graded and covered by Treatment Plant g cost SC grass or geotextile as per the specifications. site All fills, backfills and slopes should be compacted immediately to reach the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch. (d) Work that lead to heavy erosion shall be avoided during raining season. At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- If such activities need to be continued during rainy season prior Treatment Plant approval must be obtained from the Engineer by submitting a proposal site on actions that will be undertaken by the contractor to prevent erosion.

1.1.5 Contamination of soil by fuel and lubrications

(a) Vehicle/machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance work Service yards to Engineerin Contractor PMU, KMC, shall be carried out only in designated locations/ service stations be used for g cost SC approved by the engineer vehicle servicing (b) Approval from CEA in the form of an Environmental Protection -Do- - -do- PMU/KMC/SC License (EPL) should be secured by the contractor if he intends to

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 22 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision establish his own vehicle servicing yard (c) Waste oil, other petroleum products and untreated wastewater shall not Servicing yards to Engineerin -do- PMU, CEA, be discharged on ground so that to avoid soil pollution. Clean up be used for g cost KMC, SC measures shall be taken against pollution of soil by spillage of vehicle servicing petroleum/oil products from storage tanks and containers. All waste and locations petroleum products shall be disposed of in accordance with the along this guidelines issued by the CEA or the engineer. highway section where vehicles will be temporarily stationed (d) Sites used for vehicle and plant service and maintenance shall be New servicing Engineerin -do- -do- restored back to its initial status. Site restoration will be considered as yards developed g cost incidental to work. by the contractor for the project 1.1.6 Disposal of harmful construction wastes

(a) Prior to the commencement of work, Contractor shall provide list of Locations - Contractor PMU/ KMC harmful, hazardous and risky chemicals/ material that will be used in the identified to store CEA/ SC project work to the Engineer. Contractor shall also provide the list of chemicals and places where such chemicals/materials or their containers or other waste disposal harmful materials have been dumped as waste at the end of the project, via the waste register. (b) All disposal sites should be approved by the Engineer and approved by -Do- Engineerin -do- PMU, KMC, CEA and relevant local authority. g cost SC (c) The contractor shall clean up any area including water-bodies All affected water Engineerin -do- -do- affected/contaminated (if any) as directed by the engineer at his own bodies closer to g cost cost. material storage and waste disposal sites 1.1.7 Quarry operations (IF ANY)

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 23 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision (a) The contractor should utilize existing quarry sites available in the All, quarry sites Engineerin Contractor PMU, GSMB, project influential area as much as possible which are approved by which will be used g cost CEA, KMC, SC GSMB with valid EPL and Industrial Mining Licenses (IML); during construction Selected quarry sites should have proper safety measures such as phase. warnings, safety nets etc., and third party insurance cover to protect external parties that may be affected due to blasting.

If new quarries are to be opened, prior approval should be obtained from GSMB, CEA and local authorities. (b) It is recommended not to seek material from quarries that have ongoing -Do- - -do- -do- disputes with community. (c) The maintenance and rehabilitation of the access roads in the event of -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- damage by the contractors operations shall be a responsibility of the g cost contractor. 1.2 Storage and handling of construction material 1.2.1 Emission of dust

(a) Storage locations of sand, metal, soil should be located away from At all material Engineerin Contractor PMU/KMC/SC settlements and other sensitive receptors and covered (with artificial storage locations g cost barriers or natural vegetation). (stock piles of Measures given under 1.5.1 (c), (d), (e) should be considered within sand, metal) material storage site to minimize dust during handling of material.

All access roads within storage sites should be sprinkled with water for dust suspension. 1.2.2 Storage of fuel, oil and chemicals (avoid fumes and offensive odour)

(a) All cement, oil and other chemicals should be stored and handled on an At all material Engineerin Contractor PMU/KMC/SC impervious surface (metal sheet and concrete slab) above ground level. storage locations g cost (cement, fuel, oil Storage facility of cement, oil and other chemicals should be an and other

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 24 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision enclosed structure ensuring that no storm water flows in to the structure. chemicals used for construction Alternatively, if the storage is not enclosed a ridge should be placed activities) around the storage facility to avoid runoff in to the structure.

Adequate ventilation should be kept to avoid accumulation of fumes and offensive odour that could be harmful to material handlers.

Measures given under clause 1.10 should be considered to avoid any accidents and risks to worker population and public. 1.2.3 Transportation of material

(a) The contractor should avoid over loaded trucks to transport material to Within the project - Contractor PMU/KMC/SC construction sites. During transportation, materials should be covered area with tarpaulin. Please refer section 1.9.2 on traffic management for transport routes and times of the day that transport of construction material to the site is allowed. 1.3 Water – Protection of Water Sources and Quality

1.3.1. Loss of minor water sources and disruption to water users

(a) Contractor should make employees educate on water conservation and At the existing - Contractor PMU/KMC/SC waste minimization practices in the construction process. WTP and at worker camps (b) Arrange adequate supply of water for the project purpose throughout the At the existing -do- PMU/KMC/SC construction period. Do not obtain water for project purposes, including WTP site for labour camps, from public or community water supply schemes without a prior approval from the relevant authority.

Do not extract water from ground water or surface water bodies without At the existing the permission from Engineer & relevant authority. Obtain the WTP site permission for extracting water prior to commencement of work, from

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 25 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision the relevant authority. (c) In case, the contractor’s activities going to adversely affect the quantity At the existing Engineerin -do- PMU/KMC/ SC or quality of water, the contractor shall serve notice to the relevant WTP site g cost authorities and downstream users of water sufficiently in advance. Contractor should establish a buffer zone of minimum 50m at all the time his activities will have an impact on the water quality and quantity. (d) Apply best management practices to control contamination of run-off At the existing Engineerin -do- -do- water during maintenance & operation of equipment. WTP site g cost

1.3.2 Siltation into water bodies

(a) Contractor shall take measures to prevent siltation of outlet canal of At the existing Engineerin Contractor PMU/KMC/SC Dunumadalawa Dam as a result of construction work including, WTP site g cost construction of temporary / permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to siltation and increase of turbidity. These shall include the measures against erosion as per 1.1.5 measures. (b) Construction materials containing small / fine particles shall be stored in -do- -do- places not subjected to flooding and in such a manner that these materials will not be washed away by runoff. (c) Temporary soil dumps should be placed at least 50m away from this -do- -do- stream (d) If temporary soil piles are left at the site for a long time those piles -do- -do- should be covered with thick polythene sheets

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Lightweight polyethylene fabric to cover stockpiles (e) All fills, back fills and slopes should be compacted immediately to -do- -do- reach the specified degree of compaction and establishment of proper mulch 1.3.3. Contamination of water from construction wastes

(a) The work shall be carried out in such a manner that pollution of natural At the existing Engineerin Contractor PMU, LA, water sources located close to these silt traps are avoided. Measures as WTP site g cost CEA,SC given in 1.1.5., 1.1.6, 1.1.7, 1.3.2 and 1.3.6 (a) & (e) clauses shall be taken to prevent the wastewater produced in construction from entering directly into wells and streams. (b) Avoid / minimize construction works near / at such drainage locations -do- - -do- -do- during heavy rains seasons. (c) The discharge standards promulgated under the National Environmental -do- Engineerin -do- -do- Act shall be strictly adhered to. All waste arising from the project is to g cost be disposed in a manner that is acceptable to the engineer and as per the guidelines/instructions issued by the CEA. Refer 1.1.7 and 1.10.3 hazardous waste section and waste disposal section.

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1.3.4. Contamination from fuel and lubricants

(a) All vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be located At the existing Engineerin Contractor PMU, SC, and operated as per the conditions and /or guidelines stipulated under WTP site g cost KMC, CEA the EPL issued by CEA. In general, these should be located at least 200m away from water bodies and wastewater shall not be disposed without meeting the disposal standards of the CEA. Wastewater from vehicle and plant maintenance and servicing stations shall be cleared of oil and grease and other contaminants to meet the relevant standards before discharging to the environment. (b) Vehicle, machinery and equipment maintenance and re-filling shall be Yards, servicing Engineerin -do- -do- done as required in clause 1.1.5. to prevent water pollution as well. centers g cost

1.3.6. Locating, sanitation and waste disposal in construction camps (Refer annex 8)

(a) Locations selected for labour camps should be approved by the engineer Engineerin Contractor PMU, SC, and comply with guidelines/ recommendations issued by the CEA/Local g cost KMC, CEA, Authority (LA). Erection of labourer camps should not be located within 200m from waterways (onsite or offsite). (b) Labour camps shall be provided with adequate and appropriate facilities At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- for disposal of sewerage and solid waste. The sewage systems shall be camps g cost properly designed, built and operated so that no pollution to ground or adjacent water bodies/watercourses takes place. Garbage bins shall be provided the camps and regularly emptied. Garbage should be disposed off in a hygienic manner, to the satisfaction of the relevant norms. Compliance with the relevant regulations and guidelines issued by the CEA/LA shall be strictly adhered to. (c) Contractor shall ensure that all camps are kept clean and hygienic. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent breeding of vectors g cost (d) Contractor shall report any outbreak of infectious disease of importance with special -do- -do-

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 28 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision in a labour camp to the engineer and the Medical Officer of Health attention near to (MOH) or to the Public Health Inspector (PHI) of the area immediately. labour camps Contractor shall carry out all instructions issued by the authorities, if any. (e) Contractor shall adhere to the CEA recommendations on disposal of At all labour -do- -do- wastewater. Wastewater shall not be discharged to ground or waterways camps in a manner that will cause unacceptable surface or ground water pollution. (f) All relevant provisions of the Factories Act and any other relevant -Do- -do- -do- regulations aimed at safety and health of workers shall be adhered to. (g) Contractor shall remove all labour camps fully after its need is over, -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- empty septic tanks, remove all garbage, debris and clean and restore the g cost area back to its former condition.

1.3.7. Wastage of water and waste minimization

(a) The contractor will minimize wastage of water in the construction At thelabour Engineerin Contractor PMU, SC, process/operations by reusing water as much as possible, utilizing only camps g cost KMC, CEA, the required amount of water for the construction works etc. The contractor shall maintain a record of usage of water for various purposes and sources tapped. 1.3.8. Extraction of water

(a) Refer section 1.3.1 (a) and (b) At the existing Engineerin Contractor PMU, SC, WTP and at labour g cost KMC camps (b) The Contractor may use the natural sources of water subject to the At all natural -do- PMU, SC, provision that any claim arising out of conflicts with other users of the water sources used KMC said natural sources of water shall be made good entirely by the for construction contractor should any conflict or social protects arises, the contractor works shall seek alternative sources. 1.4. Flood Prevention

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1.4.1. Blockage of drainage paths and drains

(a) Contractor shall not close or block the existing streams permanently. If All drainage paths Engineerin Contractor PMU, SC, diversion or closure or blocking of canals and streams is required for the closure to the g cost KMC execution of work (e.g. for construction of culverts), contractor must existing silt traps first obtain the Engineer’s approval in writing. Contractor shall carry out an investigation and report to the Engineer, if an investigation is requested by the Engineer. Contractor shall also obtain the approval from the relevant agencies such as Irrigation Department (ID) /Divisional Secretary (DS) prior to such action is taken. Contractor shall restore the drainage path back to its original status once the need for such diversion or closure or blockage is no longer required. (b) Contractor’s activities shall not lead to flooding conditions as a result of At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU,SC, ID, blocked drainage paths and drains. The contractor shall take all Treatment Plant g cost KMC measures necessary or as directed by the Engineer to keep all drainage site paths and drains clear of blockage at all times. (c) Debris and spoil shall be disposed in such a manner that waterways and -do- -do- drainage paths are not blocked. (d) If flooding or stagnation of water is caused by contractor’s activities, At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU,SC, contractors shall provide suitable means to (a) prevent loss of access to Treatment Plant g cost KMC, ID/DMC any land or property and (b) prevent damage to land and property. site Contractor shall compensate for any loss of income or damage as a result. 1.5 Air Pollution (Refer annex 7) 1.5.1. Generation of Dust

(a) The contractor shall effectively manage the dust generating activities At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU,SC such as ground clearing, topsoil removal, handling and transporting Treatment Plant g cost sand, rubble, bitumen, and cement during periods of high winds or sitewhere earth during more stable conditions with winds directed towards adjacent work will take residences and other facilities. place, storage

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 30 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision (b) All stockpiles shall be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors locations of sand, -do- -do- such as Temples, Schools, streams crossing the road, water logging rubble, bitumen, area, etc. cement and all sub (c) All vehicles delivering materials shall be covered to avoid spillage and roads used for -do- -do- dust emission. material transportation, (d) The Contractor should avoid, where possible and take suitable action to -do- -do- paying special prevent dirt and mud being carried to the roadway (particularly attention to following wet weather). sensitive (e) The contractor should enforce vehicle speed limits to minimize dust locations. -do- -do- generation. (f) The Contractor shall employ a water truck to sprinkle water for dust -do- -do- suppression on all exposed areas as required (note: the use of wastewater / waste oil for dust suppression is prohibited) (g) All cleared areas shall be rehabilitated progressively. -do- -do- (h) All earthwork shall be protected in a manner acceptable to the -do- -do- minimized generation of dust. (i) All existing roads used by vehicles of the contractor or any of his sub- -do- -do- contractor or supplies of materials or plant and similar roads which are part of the works shall be kept clean and clear of all dust/mud or other extraneous materials dropped by such vehicles or their tyres. (j) Clearance shall be affected immediately by manual sweeping and -do- -do- removal of debris, or, if so directed by the Engineer, by mechanical sweeping and clearing equipment. Additionally, if so directed by the Engineer, the road surface will be hosed or sprinkled water using appropriate equipment. (k) Plants, machinery and equipment shall be handled (including -do- -do- dismantling) so as to minimize generation of dust. (l) The contractor shall take every precaution to reduce the level of dust -do- -do- emission from the hot mix plants and the batching plants up to the satisfaction of the Engineer in accordance with the relevant emission norms. (m) The hot mix plant be sited in accordance with CEA guidelines and -do- -do-

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 31 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision operated with an EPL. The hot mix plants shall be fitted with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation. 1.5.2 Emission from Hot-Mix Plants and Batching Plants

(a) The hot mix plants and batching plants shall be sited in accordance with Locations at which Contractor PMU, CEA, CEA guidelines. It is recommended that hot mix plants and batching hot mix plant/s KMC, SC plants to be located sufficiently away from sensitive receptors such as and concrete vulnerable habitats, religious and cultural sites, residential areas, batching plant/s to schools and industrial areas. be located (b) The exhaust gases shall comply with the requirements of the relevant -Do- -do- -do- current emission control legislation. All operations at plants shall be undertaken in accordance with all current rules and regulations protecting the environment as well as the conditions given in the EPL. 1.5.3. Odour and offensive smells

(a) Contractor shall take all precautions such as storing all chemicals used At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU, CEA, for construction works in properly closed containers with good Treatment Plant g cost LA, KMC/ SC ventilations to prevent odour and offensive smell emanating from siteincluding all chemicals and processes applied in construction works or from labour sites used for store camps. In a situation when/where odour or offensive smell does occur all chemicals and contractor shall take immediate action to rectify the situation. places where Contractor is responsible for any compensation involved with any chemical reactions health issue arisen due to bad odour and offensive smells. take place. (b) Refer 1.3.6 (b) At all labour Engineerin -do- -do- camps g cost 1.5.4. Emission from construction Vehicles, Equipment and Machinery

(a) The emission standards promulgated under the National Environment All plants, - Contractor PMU, SC, CEA, Act shall be strictly adhered to. machinery and KMC vehicles used for construction (b) All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction shall be -Do- Engineerin -do- -do-

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 32 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision regularly serviced and well maintained to ensure that emission levels g cost comply with the relevant standards. (c) Contractor should obtain the certificate issued by the Vehicular -Do- -Do- -do- -do- Emission Test (VET) for all construction vehicles, plants and other machineries and it should be renewed annually. Submit all the details to the engineer. 1.5.5. Air Pollution from Crusher

(a) Crusher plants should operate under an EPL and shall confirm to Quarry sites - Contractor PMU, CEA, relevant dust emission levels as stated in the EPL. Only the quarries operated for LA,SC approved by GSMB and holding current EPL shall be used for material material extraction extraction. If the Contractor is planning to establish a crusher plant, EPL for the project should obtained from the CEA to operate the crusher plant. (b) Crusher plants shall be sited sufficiently away from sensitive receptors Locations where - -do- -do- such as houses, place of worships and outdoor recreational areas or as crusher plants will required by the Engineer. be operated (c) Sprinkling of water (through a sprinkler system) for dust suppression. -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- g cost 1.6. Noise Pollution and Vibration (Refer Annex 7)

1.6.1 Noise from Vehicles, Plants and Equipment

(a) All machinery and equipment should be well maintained and fitted with All machinery and -Do- Contractor PMU, SC, LA, noise reduction devices in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. vehicles used for KMC During construction, noise and vibration should not exceed 75 dB day silt traps time and 55 dB during night time. construction works

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 33 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision (b) If the construction sites is within 150m to the nearest habitation, noisy At Dunumadalawa -do- -do- construction work such as crushing, concrete mixing and batching, Treatment Plant - mechanical compaction, etc., should be stopped between 20.00 hours to site, 06.00 hours. Sensitive Noisegenerating equipment shall not be used during noise sensitive times of locations; the day where noise sensitive sites such as the school and temples. Closer to Mahamaya Girls School including hostel and SangarajaPirivena, drilling, compacting activities will be restricted during school hours. (c) All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with At Dunumadalawa Engineerin -do- -do- exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness Treatment Plant g cost of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall site be replaced. Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) must comply with the relevant legislation for levels of sound emission. Non-compliant plant shall be removed from site. (d) Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured All equipment, - -do- -do- at one meter from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as machinery and compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (moveable), vehicles used for vibrators and saws shall not exceed 75 dB(A). silt traps construction works (e) Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and machinery shall be regular and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- proper, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep noise from these at a g cost minimum. (f) Workers in vicinity of strong noise, and workers working with or in At Dunumadalawa Engineerin -do- -do- crushing, compaction, batching or concrete mixing operations shall be Treatment Plant g cost provided with protective gear. Refer safety section 1.10.1 and 1.10.2 site, quarry, crusher plants 1.6.2 Vibration

(a) Contractor shall take appropriate action to ensure that construction At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU,SC, CEA works do not result in damage to adjacent properties due to vibration. Treatment Plant g cost

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 34 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision site (b) Prior to commencement of excavation, blasting activity, the Contractor At Dunumadalawa Engineerin -do- -do- shall undertake a condition survey of existing structures within the zone Treatment Plant g cost of influence, as agreed with the relevant government agencies and the sitewhere engineer. construction works will commence (c) If dynamite blasting is required, Contractor shall carry out monitoring at At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- the nearest vibration sensitive receptor during blasting or when other Treatment Plant equipment causing vibration are used. sitewhere construction works will commence (d) The contractor shall modify the method of construction until At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- compliance with the criteria, if vibration levels exceed the relevant Treatment Plant vibration criteria. sitewhere construction works will commence and at quarry and burrow sites (e) Contractor shall pay due consideration on vibration impacts of blasting At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- on adjoining structures. Explosive loads shall be determined so that Treatment Plant excessive vibration can be avoided and blasts shall be controlled sitewhere blasting in nature. Notwithstanding to these provisions contractor is construction liable for any damage caused by blasting work. This is only if dynamite works will blasting is required. Otherwise this section will not apply. commence and at quarry sites 1.6.3 Noise from Blasting or Pre splitting Operations

(a) If dynamite blasting is needed, Blasting shall be carried out during fixed At quarry sites - Contractor PMU, KMC, hours as permitted by the Engineer. The timing should be made known Where blasting GSMB,SC

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 35 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision to all the people within 500 m (200 m for pre-splitting) from the required blasting site in all directions. People, except those who actually light the fuse shall be excluded from the area of 200 m (50 m for pre-splitting) from the blasting site in all directions at least 10m minutes before the blasting.

If dynamite blasting is not required, this section will not apply. 1.7. Impacts to Flora

1.7.1 Loss or Damage to Trees and Vegetation

(a) All works shall be carried out in a manner that the destruction to the flora At existing WTP - Contractor PMU, DS, DoF, and their habitats is minimized. Trees and vegetation shall be felled / CEA, KMC, SC removed only if that impinges directly on the permanent works or necessary temporary works. In all such cases contractor shall take prior approval from the Engineer. (b) Contractor shall make every effort to avoid removal and/or destruction of -Do- - -do- -do- trees of religious, cultural and aesthetic significance. If such action is unavoidable the Engineer shall be informed in advance and carry out public consultation and report on the same should be submitted to the Engineer. (c) Contractor shall adhere to the guidelines and recommendations made by -Do- - -do- -do- the Central Environmental Authority and the Forest Department, if any with regard to felling of trees and removal of vegetation. (d) Removed trees must be handed over to the Timber Corporation. At existing - -do- -do- WTPlocations (e) The contractor shall plant double the number of trees felled in native At existing - Contractor PMU, DS, DoF, tree species suitable for the location as identified by the Engineer. WTPlocations CEA, SC The contractor shall build hardy structures around the trees for protection. The contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the well-being of the trees/plants until the end of the contract.

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1.7.2 Chance found important Flora

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered flora species is At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor PMU, DoF, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. Treatment Plant g cost DWLC, KMC, All activities that could destroy such flora and/or its habitat shall be site SC stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such flora and/or its habitat. 1.8. Impact on Fauna 1.8.1. Loss, Damage or Disruption to Fauna

(a) All works shall be carried out in such a manner that the destruction or At Dunumadalawa Engineerin Contractor RDA/PMU/KM disruption to the fauna and their habitats is minimum. Treatment Plant g cost C/SC site (b) Construction workers shall be instructed to protect fauna including wild At Dunumadalawa Engineerin -do- -do- animals and aquatic life as well as their habitats. Hunting, poaching and Treatment Plant g cost unauthorized fishing by project workers is not allowed. site (d) Siting of all hot mix plants, crushing plants, workshops, depots and At Dunumadalawa Engineerin -do- -do- temporary worker camps and storing of toxic and hazardous materials at Treatment Plant g cost approved locations, and recycling and dumping of solid waste matter at site locations approved by local authorities, maintenance of vehicles and equipment in good operable condition, ensuring no leakage of oil or fuel and the fitting of proper exhaust baffles. 1.8.2 Chance found important Fauna

(a) During construction, if a rare/threatened/endangered fauna species is At Dunumadalawa - Contractor PMU, SC, found, it shall be immediately informed to the PMU by the contractor. Treatment Plant DWLC/DoF, All activities that could destroy such fauna and/or its habitat shall be site KMC stopped with immediate effect. Such activities shall be started only after

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 37 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision obtaining the Engineer’s approval. Contractor shall carry out all activities and plans that the Engineer instructed him to undertake to conserve such fauna and/or its habitat. 1.9. Disruption to Users

1.9.1 Loss of Access

(a) At all times, the Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage At Dunumadalawa Engineering Contractor PMU/KMC/SC for vehicles, pedestrians and livestock to and from side the road and Treatment Plant cost property accesses connecting the project road. Work that affects the use site of side roads and existing accesses shall not be undertaken without providing adequate provisions to the prior satisfaction of the Engineer. (b) The works shall not interfere unnecessarily or improperly with the At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- convenience of public or the access to, use and occupation of public or Treatment Plant private roads, and any other access footpaths to or of properties whether site public or private. (c) On completion of the works, all temporary obstructions to access shall At Dunumadalawa Engineering -do- -do- be cleared away, all rubbish and piles of debris that obstruct access be Treatment Plant cost cleared to the satisfaction of the Engineer. siteLabour camps (d) Refer Social Screening orRAP and implement further mitigations At Dunumadalawa -Do- -do- -do- required Treatment Plant site (e) Use of flagmen and/or temporary traffic lights to control traffic flows at At Dunumadalawa -Do- -do- -do- constricted sites, including safe crossing for pedestrians especially at Treatment Plant town areas and near schools. site 1.9.2 Traffic Jams and Congestion

(a) In order to ease traffic within the city, transport of construction material Rajapihilla Mw - Contractor RDA/PMU, and machinery will be done prior to 6.00 am and after 6.00 pm. KMC/Police/SC If directed by the Engineer the contractor shall obtain the consent for the

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 38 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision traffic arrangement from the Local Police. (b) The contractor shall ensure that the road surface is always properly Rajapihilla Mw Engineerin -do- -do- maintained, particularly during the monsoon so that no disruption to the g cost traffic flow occurs. (c) Personnel used for traffic control by the contractor shall be properly -Do- -Do- -do- -do- trained, provided with proper gear including communication equipment, luminous jackets for night use. All signs, barricades, pavement markings used for traffic management should be to the standards and approved by the Engineer/ Police. 1.10. Accidents and Risks

1.10.1 Public and Worker safety

(a) All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger of the At existing WTP, Engineerin Contractor PMU/SC/KMC workers and the public from accidents such as fire, explosions, blasts, material storage g cost falling rocks, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, unsafe power and worker camps supply lines etc.

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Safety Warnings and Awareness (b) The Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- workmen as per the international labor organization (ILO) convention g cost No. 62 and Safety and Health regulations of the Factory Ordinance of Sri Lanka to the extent that those are applicable to this contract. Refer annex 9. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. The contractor has to comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress.

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Occupational Safety requirements

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 41 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision 1.10.2 Prevention of Risks of Electrocution

(a) All electrical wiring and supply related work should confirm to British At existing WTP -Do- Contractor KMC/PMU/SC Standards (BS) or relevant Sri Lankan Standards. Adequate precautions locations, material will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from electrical storage and equipment and power supply lines including distribution boards, worker camps transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order, be regularly inspected and as per BS provisions and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. 1.10.3 Risk at Hazardous Activity

(a) All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with At existing WTP, Engineerin Contractor KMC/PMU/SC necessary protective gear. These activities include mixing asphalt quarry site and g cost material, cement, lime mortars, concrete etc., welding work, work at burrow pits crushing plants, blasting work, operators of machinery and equipment such as power saws, etc. (b) The use of any toxic chemical shall be strictly in accordance with the At existing WTP, -Do- -do- -do- manufacturer’s instructions. The Engineer shall be notified of toxic locations chemicals that are planned to be used in all contract related activities. A register of all toxic chemicals delivered to the site shall be kept and maintained up to date by the Contractor. The register shall include the trade name, physical properties and characteristics, chemical ingredients, health and safety hazard information, safe handling and storage procedures, and emergency and first aid procedures for the product. 1.10.4 Lead Pollution (a) No paint containing lead or lead products will be used except in the Workshops, yards - Contractor KMC/PMU/SC form of paste or readymade paint. Facemasks shall be supplied to where spray workers who are working in spray painting or scraping lead paints. painting is done

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 42 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision 1.11. Health and Safety

1.11.1 Prevention of Vector based Diseases

(a) Contractor shall take necessary actions to prevent breeding of At worker camps, Engineerin Contractor KMC/PMU, SC mosquitoes at places of work, labour camps, plus office and store stores, yards g cost buildings. Stagnation of water in all areas including gutters, used and empty cans, containers, tyres, etc shall be prevented. Approved chemicals to destroy mosquitoes and larvae should be regularly applied. All burrow sites should be rehabilitated at the end of their use by the contractor in accordance with the requirements/guidelines issued by the Central Environmental Authority and relevant local authorities (b) Contractor shall keep all places of work, labour camps, plus office and -Do- -Do- -do- -do- store buildings clean devoid of garbage to prevent breeding of rats and other vectors such as flies. 1.11.2 Workers Health and Safety

(a) Contractor shall comply with the provisions in Health and Safety At existing WTP - Contractor KMC/PMU/SC regulations under the Factory Ordinance with regard to provision of workshops and health and safety measures and amenities at work place(s). Refer annex worker camps 9. 1.11.3 First Aid

(a) At every workplace, first aid kit shall be provided as per the regulations. At existing Engineerin Contractor KMC/PMU/SC At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed WTPlocations, g cost equipment and nursing staff shall be provided. quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 1.11.4 Potable Water

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 43 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision (a) In every workplace and labour camps portable water shall be available At existing WTP, -Do- -do- -do- throughout the day in sufficient quantities. quarry, crusher, concrete batching plants, workshops and worker camps 1.12 Protection of Archaeological, Cultural and Religious Places and Properties

1.12.1 Prevention of damage to Cultural and Religious Places and Properties (a) During construction activities the contractor should take all necessary At existing WTP -Do- Contractor KMC/PMU/SC, and adequate care to minimize impacts on cultural properties which Dpt. Of cultural includes cultural sites and remains, places of worship. affairs, Workers should not be allowed to trespass in to such areas. Religious leaders 1.12.2 Chance found Archaeological property (Refer Annex 6)

(a) All fossils, coins, articles of value of antiquity and structures and other At existing WTP - Contractor PMU, KMC, remains or things of geological or archaeological interest etc. discovered DoA/SC on the site and/or during construction work shall be the property of the Government of Sri Lanka, and shall be dealt with as per provisions of Antiquities Ordinance of 1940 (Revised in 1956 & 1998) (b) The contractor shall take reasonable precaution to prevent his workmen -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or g cost thing and shall, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the Engineer of such discovery and carry out the Engineer’s instructions for dealing with the same, awaiting which all work shall be stopped within 100m in all directions from the site of discovery. (c) If directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall obtain advice and -Do- Engineerin -do- -do- assistance from the Department of Archaeological of Sri Lanka on g cost conservation measures to be taken with regard to the artifacts prior to recommencement of work in the area. 1.13 Environmental Enhancement

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 44 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision 1.13.1 Landscaping

(a) Landscaping, re-vegetation of embankments and other slopes, edge Within existing Engineerin Contractor PMU, KMC/SC treatment of water bodies shall be taken up as per either detailed design WTP used for g Cost or typical design guidelines given as part of the Bid Documents. The burrow pits, contactor also shall remove all debris, piles of unwanted earth, spoil quarry sites, material, away from the roadsides and from other work places and workshops and disposed at locations designated or acceptable to the Engineer or as per labour camps Clause 1.1.2. (b) On completion of the works, the temporary structures shall be cleared -Do- -Do- -do- -do- away in full, all rubbish burnt, waste dumps and septic tank shall be filled and closed and roadsides, workplaces and labour camps, cleared and cleaned. 1.13.2 Utilities and Roadside Amenities

(a) Contractor shall replace all amenities that were removed/ relocated At Dunumadalawa -Do- Contractor KMC/PMU/SC during the construction unless the Engineer directed the contractor not Treatment Plant to do so. site 1.14 Handling Environmental Issues during Construction

(a) The Contractor will appoint a suitably qualified Safeguard Officer At Dunumadalawa - Contractor KMC/PMU/SC following the award of the contract. The Safeguard Officer will be the Treatment Plant primary point of contact for assistance with all environmental issues siteduring during the pre-construction and construction phases. He/ She shall be construction responsible for ensuring the implementation of EMP. period (b) The Contractor shall direct the safeguard officer responsible for -Do- - -do- -do- community liaison and to handle public complaints regarding environmental/ social related matters. All public complaints will be entered into the Complaints Register. The Safeguard Officer will promptly investigate and review environmental complaints and implement the appropriate corrective actions to arrest or mitigate the cause of the complaints. A register of all complaints is to be passed to

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 45 Environmental Protection and preventive measures Locations/ Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issues Project phase cost Implement Supervision the Engineer within 24 hrs they are received, with the action taken by the Safeguard Officer on complains thereof. (c) Contractor shall develop suitable method to receive complaints. The At Dunumadalawa - -do- -do- complaint register shall be placed at a convenient place, easily Treatment Plant accessible by the public. siteduring construction period At local authority and divisional secretary offices (d) Contractor shall prepare detailed Environmental Method Statement Throughout the - -do- -do- (EMS) clearly stating the approach, actions and manner in which the project EMP is implemented at the time of bidding. It is required from the construction contractor to prepare the EMS for each work site, if work will be carried period out at more than one site at once and time plan for implementation. The EMS shall be updated regularly and submit for Engineers review. 8. Cost of mitigation

Cost incur in implementing the environmental mitigation activities will be covered under the engineering cost of the contractor’s activities. In addition, contractor will be receiving a provision for implementation of environmental management plan.

9. Conclusion and Screening Decision Summary of environmental effects:

The proposed augmentation of the existing Dunumadalawa water treatment plant will involve with completely rehabilitation of the existing structure with establishment of Aerator and Floculator as new structures but in 5 perches area of extent. Assuming that all mitigation measures are implemented as proposed, the following effects canbe predicted

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 46 Significance of environmental effect with mitigation in place N/S - Effect not significant, or can be rendered Key project activities Potential Environmental Effects insignificant with mitigation SP - Significant positive effect SN - Significant negative effect U - Outcome unknown or cannot be predicted, even with mitigation Material transportation and storage Emission of dust, generation of noise and disturbance to pedestrians NS Excavation of Foundation and other Excavations cut & fill activities NS Disposal of excavated material Safe disposal of waste generated is necessary to avoid pollution in NS water sources Demolition and Removal of Emission of dust, generation of noise, disturbance to local traffic NS structures Erection of temporary labor camps Unauthorized clearance of vegetative areas, release of wastewater and NS solid waste, etc Rock blasting Excavation of foundation at the proposed site rock blasting may not be U required underneath the surface. Concrete work, Foundation, sub- Construction stage activities includes concrete, foundation, sub- NS structure, Super structure, sub base, structure and super structure of aerator and associate construction surfacing, hand rails, , etc activities such as Sub Base, Surfacing, reinforcement, fixing of hand rails, construction of access road involves linear construction activities and associated noise and vibration. Noise and vibration will be generated by the use of machineries during rehabilitation works. Solid, Hazardous waste and Debris Improper disposal may create foul odour, more mosquito breeding NS management sites, unpleasant visual quality, increased flies, rodents and stray animals. Health and Safety of Workers & Lack of proper health and safety standards will put the workers and NS public the public at risk from accidents and respiratory/auditory health impacts Transportation of Materials Transportation of material and equipment will cause dust, noise and NS vehicle emissions along the road stretch Vehicle movement Vehicles and equipment cause air and noise pollution which could be a NS nuisance in populated areas. Movement of construction related heavy

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 47 vehicles along small scale access roads might damage the road system Slope stabilization In the areas to be cut (hilly terrains), slope instability of the cut NS sections can be there.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 48 10. EMP Implementation responsibilities and Costs The overall responsibility of ensuring compliance with safeguard requirements lie with the PMU supported by the Consultant whomwill be procured for augmentation of Dunumadalawa Existing Water Treatment Plat while the contractor will be responsible for implementing the provisions of the EMP. In addition, the PMU will be directly responsible for reviewing the proposed design to ensure that all design related mitigation measures mentioned herein are implemented. The overall supervision will be carried out by the in- house staff of the PMU supported by the Engineer of Consultant who is responsible for the overall supervision of the proposed sub-project. Any consequent design modification will be reflected in the project cost.

Environmental monitoring will be carried out largely through visual observations and compliance monitoring using the checklist provided in the EMF by the Environmental Officer of the PMU and the contractor jointly. The Environmental Officer will need to visit the site on a weekly basis and report on issues and performance on EMP implementation to the Consultant and PMU.

11. Screening Decision Recommendations:

Majority of the potential effects can be classified as general construction related impacts in very minimal levels and can be mitigated on site with proper engineering interventions. All these potential impacts are temporary in nature. Implementation of the Environmental Management Plan is sufficient to mitigate the identified impacts.

Safe handling of demolished structures, excavated material including transport must be implemented. Contractor should be responsible for safe handling of solid waste and KMC and Consultant is responsible to monitor frequently.

12. Details of Persons Responsible for Environmental Screening

Screening report completed by Date: 11thNovember 2015

Ajith U K Ethugala Asst. Project Director (Env) [email protected]

Name/Designation/Contact information Signature

Screening report reviewed by Date: 12th November 2015 Gangadari Ranawaka Deputy Project Director (Env) [email protected]

Name/Designation/Contact information Signature

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Annex 1: Site layout Plan of the Dunumadalawa WTP

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Annex 2: Geology and Soil Map of the Project Area

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 51 Annex 3: Environmental Sensitive Areas of Kandy

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 52 Annex – 4: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Borrow Pit Operation

1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private / Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance. 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS. 8. Contractor has to make bank guarantee specified by the GSMB based on the situation of the land, prior to issuing Mining License. 9. Contractor applies for Trade License from PS.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 53 Annex – 5: Summary of Procedure to Obtain Mining License for Quarry Operation

1. Identify the site and verify ownership (land clearing) 2. Obtain letters of consent from the owners (Private/ Government) 3. Contractor applies for site clearance from CEA 4. CEA may request an lEE or EIA to be carried out by the contractor 5. CEA gives clearance 6. Contractor applies for Mining License (IML/A, IML/B or IML/C) from GSMB. 7. GMSB conducts joint inspection with a committee comprising with CEA, DS, and PS who would decide whether the test blast is needed for IML-A and IML-B which depends on the sensitivity of the site. Test blast will be carried out prior to issuing Mining License 8. Contractor applies for EPL from CEA 9. EPL is issued by CEA 10. GSMB monitors noise and vibrations annually and renews license 11. Contractor applies for explosive license from the Ministry of Defense 12. Contractor applies for Trade license/ Approval from PS

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 54 Annex 6: Chance Finds procedures

Contracts for civil works involving earth moving and excavation activities, especially in knownarchaeological and heritage areas, should normally incorporate procedures for dealing withsituations in which buried PCRs are unexpectedly exposed.

Recognition of unknown PCRs – This is the most difficult aspect to cover, especially if thecontractor is not full-time accompanied by a specialist. For SCDP contracts, an initial consultationwith the Department of Archaeology should be held before work commencement to identify thelikelihood of such material being uncovered, especially where trenching work is expected for pipelaying etc.

Upon discovery of such material during execution of work, the contractor should carry out thefollowing;  Immediately stop construction activities.  With the approval of the resident engineer delineate the discovered site area.  Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In case of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard should be present until the responsible authority takes over.  Through the Resident Engineer, notify the responsible authorities, the Department of Archaeology and local authorities within 24 hours.  Submit a brief chance find report, within a specified time period, with date and time of discovery, location of discovery, description of finding, estimated weight and dimension of PCR and temporary protection implemented.  Responsible authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out.  An evaluation of the finding will be performed by the Department of Archaeology who may decide to either remove the PCR deemed to be of significance, further excavate within a specified distance of the discovery point and conserve on-site, and/or extend/reduce the areas demarcated by the contractor etc. This should ideally take place within about 7 days.  Construction work could resume only when permission is given from the Department of Archaeology after the decision concerning the safeguard of the heritage is fully executed.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 55 Annex 7 :Sri Lankan Environmental Pollution Control Standards

Emission Standards

Regulations The National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations, 1994, published in GazetteExtraordinary, No. 850/4 of December, 1994 are hereby amended by the substitution for the Schedule to that regulation of the following :-

Emission Emission Pollutant Time Average Standards (µg/ m3) Standards (ppm) 1 hr 200 0.08 SO2 8 hrs 120 0.05 24 hrs 80 0.03 1 hr 250 0.13 NO2 8 hrs 150 0.08 24 hrs 100 0.05 1 hr 30000 26.00 CO 8 hrs 10000 9.00 anytime 58000 50.0 O3 1 hr 200 0.10 24 hrs 100 - PM10 Annual 50 - 24 hrs 50 - PM2.5 Annual 25 -

* Minimum number of observations required to determine the average over the specified period — 03 hour average - 03 consecutive hourly average 08 hour average - 08 hourly average 24 hour average - 18 hourly average Yearly average - 09 monthly average with at least 02 monthly average each quarter.

+ By using Chemicals or Automatic Analysers.

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Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 57 Noise Level Regulations

Area LAeq' T - Day Time LAeq' T- Night Time Schedule I Low Noise 55 45 Medium Noise 63 50 High Noise 70 60 Silent Zone 50 45 Schedule III For Construction Activities 75 50 Schedule IV Rural Residential 55 45 Urban Residential 60 50 Noise Sensitive 50 45 Mix residential 63 55 Commercial 65 55 Industrial 70 60

ILO Standards of Noise Levels Noise level Maximum exposure (times (dB(A)) per day) 80 16 hours 85 8 hours 90 4 hours 95 2 hours 100 1 hour 105 1/2 hours 110 1/4 hours 115 1/8 hours

“day time” from 06.00 hours to 18.00 hrs,:

“night time” means from 18.00 to 06.00 hours

“Noise sensitive area” includes any area in which a courthouse, hospital, public library, school, zoo sacred area and areas set a part for recreation or environmental purposes are depicted in a noise zone map;

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 58 Interim Vibration Standards

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Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 60 Wastewater Discharge Standards

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Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 62 Annex 8: WASTE MANAGEMENT GENERAL GUIDELINES

General requirements

Priorities must be given for promoting source separation and sorted waste collection.

In the waste management plan priorities must be given on waste recycling and resourcerecovery and to reduce the amount of final disposal

The existing recommended colour code must be used for waste collecting bins and garbagebags. (Please see the Annexure A below)

When handling biodegradable waste and waste not containing any toxic contaminants priorities must be given for biological processing such as composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of waste.

Land filling shall be encouraged to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing.

Labour Ordinance, Factory Ordinance, other relevant regulations and guidelines stipulatedby the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) approval procedures and relevant LocalAuthority approval procedures shall be followed. All designs shall comply with therequirements of relevant agencies. Operator should take adequate mitigatory measures to minimize possible pollution of air,water andsoil.

Adequate training should be given to workers involved in solid waste management operations and operator should endeavour to involve trained workers as far as possible.

Any person wishing to operate a solid waste disposal (including transfer station, materialsrecovery, incineration, composting etc) shall provide to the CEA the following informationand any further information as may be requested by the CEA for approval procedure.

A topographic map showing the location and boundaries of the proposed site and land use within one Kilometre radius of the proposed site

A clear lay out plan with appropriate scale showing full details of the proposed locations for different activities.

The capacity of the facility, all machineries and equipments to be used in the facility, operating hours, number of working days, number of workers for eachactivity.

The details of the operation flow diagram for the proposed facility, origin, composition, and expected weight or volume of solid waste to be accepted as wellas the projected waste quantity expected in future years.

Legal requirement

If any of the solid waste management facilities mentioned hereinafter meets the requirement of the Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 772/22 of 24th June 1993 and thesubsequent

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 63 amendments, then it shall follow the Environmental Impact Assessment Processin order to obtain the environmental clearance.

The noise levels shall be maintained at the boundaries of the site as stipulated in the Gazette (Extra Ordinary) No. 924/12 dated 23rd May 1996.

Effluents or leachate quality should be monitored and treated to conform to the standards /tolerance limits as mentioned in the CEA guidelines.

Prior approval for the building plan needs to be obtained from the relevant Local Authority

An environmental recommendation prior to initiate any activity and a permit for construction and operation of the facility shall be obtained from the CEA

Operational requirement

Authorized officer shall be on duty during operating and non-operating hours at the wastereception point to control unauthorized access. (This is not applicable in the case of WasteCollection System)

Any infectious waste or hazardous waste should not be accepted into the facility. A properscreening procedure or mechanism shall be established for preventing the solid waste fromthe infectious waste or hazardous waste that may be mixed.

Litter, insects, odour and vectors shall be controlled to prevent sanitary nuisance and unsightly appearance.

Adequate fire protection shall be installed and available at all times.

A contingency plan to cover the machine / vehicle breakdown or any operation interruptions and delay.

Attention should be given to collect and transport obnoxious waste separately as much as possible

Waste collection

Introduction

Waste collection is the act of picking up wastes at homes, businesses, institutions, commercial andindustrial plants and other locations; loading them into a collection vehicle and hauling them to afacility for further processing or transfer to a disposal site. Collection of wastes is the one of thebasic elements of any waste management system.

Collection of unseparated (commingled) and separated solid waste in an urban area is difficultand complex because the generation of wastes takes place in every house, every apartmentbuilding and commercial and individual facility as well as in the streets, parks, and even vacantareas. Therefore in any waste collection operation it is important to look into;

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 64 types of wastecollection services/systems, type of equipment to be used and associated labour requirements,collection routes etc.

Any person wishing to operate a waste collection system shall have the following information given under general requirements below.

General Requirements The waste collection areas and transport routes, the number and type of the collection vehicles to be used, frequency of waste collection and the schedule for collection andtransport.

Design Requirements

Specifications of all machineries, equipment and vehicles to be used in the facility. Type, numbers, capacities shall be detailed.

Collection vehicles shall be fully covered and leachate collection box shall also beprepared to prevent littering and leachate spill during transportation.

Operational Requirements

Heavily travelled roads should not be served or used during rush hours.

Any infectious waste or hazardous waste should not be accepted into the normal wastecollection vehicles.

Daily records of the quantity of solid waste collected, the origin of waste, the quantity of solid waste transferred to disposal site, shall be maintained.

Annex A:

The Proposed Colour Codes for Garbage Bags

Green Colour - Organic Waste Blue Colour - Paper Red Colour - Glass Bottles Brown Colour - Metals / Coconut shells Orange Colour - Plastic & Polythene

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Annex B: Waste Management Best Practices

Best Practice

- -

site

-

ry ry

Re Re

On site

Off

Disposal

Waste Type

Waste Materials

Trade Contractor

Waste Minimizations

use/Recycling/Recove use/Recycling/Recove

Concrete Construction Retention of concrete Use as secondary Segregate for re- Landfill and onsite where possible. aggregate on site. processing and cover Only order what is reuse as recycled required. secondary

aggregate.

Inert Rubble Construction Only order what is Opportunities to Segregate for Landfill and (hardcore) required. reuse cut material reprocessing and cover as fill in proposed reuse as recycled noise bund secondary aggregate. Soil/Green Construction Opportunities to Landfill and waste/vegetation reuse cut material cover as fill in proposed noise bund Mixed waste Construction Use of standard sizes. N/A Segregate for Landfill/ Arrange take back of reprocessing and Incineration unused materials with the reuse as recycled supplier. secondary aggregate. Metal Construction Made to measure, correct Segregate for Landfill ordering just in time reprocessing and delivery store correctly. reuse as recycled Arrange take back of secondary unused materials with the aggregate. supplier. Timber Construction Avoid over ordering. Re-use/Recycle if Landfill/ Provision of suitable feasible Incineration storage to avoid damage. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. Plasterboard Construction Avoid over ordering. Cannot reuse Recycle if Landfill Provision of suitable feasible storage to avoid damage.

hazardous - Arrange take back of

Non unused materials with the supplier. Packaging Construction Ask suppliers to send N/A Segregate for Landfill/ products with minimal reprocessing and Incineration packaging/ reusable reuse as recycled containers, buy bulk not secondary individually wrapped aggregate. products. Return pallet to supplier or use plastic pallets. Cabal & wiring Construction Avoid over ordering. Reuse onsite if Segregate and Landfill Arrange take back of appropriate recycle to reclaim unused materials with the plastics and metal. supplier. General office Site Print double sided and Reuse paper, Segregate and Landfill waste Management send documents cartridges, plastic recycle white electronically, reusable cups, tins and papers. Send for crockery and cutlery. cardboards. composting (food waste only) Glass Construction Avoid over ordering, N/A Segregate and Landfill and appropriate storage to send for recycling cover

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 66 avoid accidents. Arrange take back of unused materials with the supplier. WEEE Construction Arrange take back of Reuse elsewhere Send to dedicated Landfill unused materials with the onsite recycling facility supplier. for recovery and recycling. Asbestos Construction N/A/ N/A N/A Landfill Contaminated Construction Avoid excavation where Consider onsite Treatment Landfill Land unnecessary treatment methods contaminated land hubs. Paintings, line Construction Use solvent free paits that Use lockable N/A Landfill

markers, mastic are not disposed off as COSHH container hazardous waste, for storage maximum use of mechanical fitting rather than adhesives. Arrange

Hazardous take back of unused materials with the supplier. WEEE Construction N/A Re-use elsewhere Send to dedicated Landfill on-site recycling facility for recovery and recycling.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 67 Annex 9Factory Ordinance and ILO Guidelines

Factory ordinance can be downloaded from this link: http://www.employers.lk/factories-ordinance-i

Annex 10 SCDP - Environmental Management and Assessment Framework Guidelines

Health and Safety Guidelines Health and safety of workers and the public should be designed into constructions, before andduring and after the building phase. It is cheaper and easier to control risks in construction toworkers as well as the publicbefore work starts on site by proper planning, training, site induction,worker consultation and incorporating strict safety procedures in construction plans. The proposedproject interventions will mostly involve small to medium scale construction sites. As such, extremedangers posed by working in environments such as great heights, deep water and involvingdangerous chemicals and radioactive material will not be present. Potential dangers associated withSCDP sites will include falling from moderate heights, vehicle/pedestrian accidents, falling intotrenches, being buried in tunnels/excavations, breathing dust and other air pollutants, back achescaused by handling heavy material, suffering hearing loss from noise etc and can be mitigated withfollowing safety guidelines.

EA for each site should mandatorily include a risk assessment as to what are the hazards involved inthe work site, who might be harmed and how seriously, how likely this harm might happen and whatactions are required to eliminate or reduce the risk and incorporate such measures in the EMP andclearly set out in the tender documents. All sub-projects must observe health and safety regulations,hence during implementation it is important to check if these control measures are put in place andare meeting the legal requirement.

Training • Ensure constructors carry out suitable training programs on occupational health and safety forworkers prior to commencement of construction. • Ensure only experienced and well trained workers are used for the handling of machinery,equipment and material processing plants • Ensure all persons, including managers, are trained and able to carry out their work without riskto the safety or healthof themselves, other workers or the public

Personal Protective Equipment • Ensure appropriate safety equipment, tools and protective clothing are provided to workers andthat safe working methods are applied. A safety inspection checklist should be prepared takinginto consideration what the workers are supposed to be wearing and monitored. assplinters, should wear safety goggles at all time. These should be securely fitted to the face.Welders should protect the entire face from hot sparks and bright rays by using a weldingmask. • Any person exposed to high levels of dust or hazardous gases (when working in tunnels)should wear respiratory protection in the form of disposal masks or respiratory maskswhich fit more snugly around the nose and mouth.

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 68 • Any person working in an area where there is the risk of being struck on the head by afalling or flying objectshould wear a hard hat at all times. These should be well maintainedin order to be fully effective, and any helmets or hard hats that are damaged or crackedshould immediately be replaced. • All workers will be required to wear shoes or strong boots to prevent sharp objects frompenetrating or crushing the foot. Those working in muddy conditions and in canals withpolluted water should avoid hand/foot contact with water and should never wear slippers. • Road workers should wear reflective vests to avoid being hit by moving vehicular traffic.

Site Delineation and Warning Signs • Ensure delineation devices such as cones, lights, tubular markers, orange and white strips andbarricades are erected to inform oncoming vehicular traffic and pedestrians in the area aboutwork zones. • Ensure all digging and installing work items that are not accomplished are isolated and warnedof by signposts and flash lamps in nighttime. • Ensure dangerous warning signs are raised to inform public of particular dangers and to keepthepublic away from such hazards. • Ensure rehabilitation of trenches progressively once work is completed. • The safety inspection checklist must look to see that the delineation devices are used, whetherthey are appropriately positioned, if they are easily identifiable and whether they are reflective.

Equipment safety • Work zone workers use tools, equipment and machinery that could be dangerous if usedincorrectly or if the equipment malfunctions Inspections must be carried out to test theequipment before it is used, so that worker safety can be secured. Inspections should look forevidence of wear and tear, frays, missing parts and mechanical or electrical problems.

Traffic management • Ensure traffic control plans and procedures are in place when work zone is set up and how tohandle full or partial road closure, blocked intersections, sidewalk closure etc • Ensure installation of transport signs and lighting systems in conspicuous places to assuretransport safety. Transport signs should be installed at places where accidents may be easilyhappened (populated centers, schools, hospitals, commercial areas etc)

Material management aretransported out of project site

Emergency Procedures • Ensure anemergency aid service is in place in the work zone. • Ensure all site staff is properly briefed as to what to do in the event of an emergency, such as whoto notify and where to assemble for a head count. This information must be conveyed toemployees by the site manager on the first occasion a worker visits the site.

Constructioncamps • Ensure installation of adequate construction camps and sanitation facilities for constructionworkers to control of transmission of infectious diseases.

Information management

Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 69 • Develop and establish contractor’s own procedure for receiving, documenting and addressingcomplaints that is easily accessible, culturally appropriate and understandable to affectedcommunities.

• Provide advance notice to local communities by way of information boards about the schedule ofconstruction activities.

Worker consultation • Consulting the workforce on health and safety measures is not only a legal requirement, it is aneffective way to ensure that workers are committed to health and safety procedures andimprovements.Employees should be consulted on health and safety measures and before theintroduction of new technology or products.

ILO Guidelines

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Strategic Cities Development Project/MM&WD Page 86 Annex 10Detailed Designs

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