National Institute of Disaster Management (A Statutory Body, Ministry of Home Affairs) IIPA Campus, IP Estate, MG Road, New Delhi-2

Course Report

Training Programme on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (For Officials from African Countries )

Organised by National Institute of Disaster Management (A Statutory Body, Ministry of Home Affairs) IIPA Campus, IP Estate, MG Road, New Delhi-2

0 About the Programme

The Programme : Training of Trainers Programme on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management for Officials from African countries under the Africa India Framework signed in New Delhi May 2008, has been agreed under the broader head of Political cooperation sub clause peace and security as an item no.12 Technical assistance and Capacity building for disaster Management and humanitarian Assistance . The Programme is being conducted by National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.

Programme was conducted from 19 th September to 30 th September, 2011. 22 Officials from various fields such as disaster management, training, security etc. from 13 different African Nations participated in this programme. The list of participants is as below. The programme was inaugurated by Shri Gurjit Singh , Additional Secretary (East & South Africa), Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India.

Programme Schedule Day Time Topics Resource person 19.9.2011 0900 – 1000 Registration NIDM 1000 – 1030 Briefing about the Prof. Santosh Kumar, course/Introduction of the NIDM participants/ Ice Breaking Shri Shekher Chaturvedi, NIDM 1030 – 1200 Expectation of the course Participants Facilitators: Prof. Santosh Kumar Shri Shekher Chaturvedi 1300 Departure to NIDM 1400 – 1430 Constitution of Host Team Shri Shekher Chaturvedi (Participants)/ Briefing of Host Team/ Group formation 1430 – 1445 Briefing about the project Prof. Santosh Kumar work and Field Visit 1500 – 1600 Inaugural Session Dr. Satendra, ED NIDM Prof. Santosh Kumar Shri R K Srivastava, JS (DM), MHA Shri Lokesh Jha, JS (PP), MHA H.E. Mrs. Nimisha Madhvani High Commissioner Uganda High Commission Shri Gurjit Singh, AS (E & SA) MEA 20.9.2011 0900 – 0915 Recapitulation Host team 0915 – 1015 Disaster Risk Reduction Prof. Santosh Kumar and Development: Challenges and Opportunities

1 1015 – 1130 Disaster Management: Prof. Santosh Kumar Issues & Challenges for Governance & Public Policy 1145 – 1315 Unfolding catastrophic Dr. K J Anandha Kumar, situations: Flood NIDM Management – Definition, Causes, impact, Mitigation Initiatives (flood plain zonation, etc.) and warning 1415 – 1545 Responding to Floods – Dr. Satendra Relief & Response activities – A Case study of Kosi Floods, Bihar 1600 – 1730 Basic concepts of Disaster Shri Shekher Chaturvedi Management 21.9.2011 0900 – 0915 Recapitulation Host team 0915 – 1045 Administrative challenges Dr. PK Mishra, GSERC of handling catastrophic situation 1045 – 1315 Financing Disaster Dr. PK Mishra, GSERC Management : Disaster Prof. Santosh Kumar Risk Funding, Institutional sustainability for disaster risk funding, Micro finance: spl reference to Crop Insurance 1415 – 1600 Climate Change Dr. Shiraz Wajih, GEAG Adaptation & Food Security 22.9.2011 0900 – 0915 Recapitulation Host team 0915 – 1045 Systematic Approach to Prof. Santosh Kumar Training 1045 - 1300 Tools and Techniques of Prof. Santosh Kumar Training 1430 – 1700 Cyclone – Definition, Visit to IMD Causes, socio-economic Session by Dr. K. impact, Mitigation Mohapatra Initiatives Early Warning System: Tool & Techniques 23.9.2011 0900 – 0915 Recapitulation Host team 0915 – 1045 Post Disaster damage, Prof. Santosh Kumar loss and Needs assessment 1045 – 1315 Community level Prof. V. K. Sharma, IIPA initiatives for DRR 1415 – 1530 Drought – Definition, Prof. Santosh Kumar Desertification, Drought Mitigation initiatives 1545 – 1700 Earthquake – Definition, Dr. Amir Ali Khan, NIDM Mitigation initiatives, and other issues

2 24.9.2011 Field Visit to Agra, Bharatpur and Jaipur –26.9.211 27.9.2011 1000 – 1130 Drought –Monitoring & Dr. V. S. Prakash, Warning KSDMC, Bangalore 1145 – 1315 Urban Risk : Issues, Ms. C. Bandyopadhyay Challenges, Mitigation and Management 1415 – 1600 Cross-cutting Issues : Shri Sarabjit Singh Children in Emergencies Sahota, UNICEF 28.9.2011 1000 – 1015 Recapitulation Host team 1000 – 1115 Cross cutting Issues: Prof. Santosh Kumar Gender and Disaster Followed by Exercise 1130 – 1300 Role of UN Organizations Dr. Krishna Vatsa, BCPR, for DRR in Africa UNDP 1430 – 1730 Emergency Response : NDRF Greater NOIDA Introduction to Emergency Management and Demonstration 29.9.2011 0900 – 0915 Recapitulation Host team 0915 – 1030 Gender & Disasters: Participants Group Exercise Facilitator: Prof. Presentation Santosh Kumar 1030 - 1130 Gender & Disaster with Ms. B. Bhamathi, Addl. reference to Trafficking Sec., MHA 1145 – 1315 Disaster Psycho-Social Dr. Sujata Satapathy, Care NIDM 1415 – 1600 Dealing with Complex Dr. JK Das, Dean & Head Emergencies: Epidemics Epidemiology, NIHFW 30.9.2011 0930 - 1100 Project Report Preparation Participants 1100 - 1200 Project Report Participants Presentation Facilitators: Prof. Santosh Kumar Shri Shekher Chaturvedi 1200 - 1300 Summing up Participants Facilitators: Prof. Santosh Kumar Shri Shekher Chaturvedi 1500 - 1600 Valediction Dr. Satendra Dr. Rakesh Hooja, Director, IIPA Prof. Santosh Kumar

Field Visits 1. Local: IMD a. Session on Cyclone & Early Warning will be held at IMD

2. Outside Delhi: Greater NOIDA & Jaipur a. Session on Emergency Response will be held at NDRF, Greater NOIDA b. Session on Disaster Displacement : Issues of Immediate shelter and food & nutrition by Secretary (DM), Govt. of Rajasthan will be held at office of Secretary (Disaster Management), Govt. of Rajasthan, Jaipur 3 Resource persons

External Experts NIDM Faculty Shri Gurjit Singh , IAS Dr. Satendra, IFS Additional Secretary Executive Director (East & South Africa) National Institute of Disaster Ministry of External Affairs Management (NIDM) South Block, New Delhi IIPA Campus, IP Estate, MG Road, New Delhi-2 Tel - 011-23702445 H.E. Mrs. Nimisha Madhvani Prof. Santosh Kumar High Commissioner Head Uganda High Commission, New Delhi Policy, Planning & cross-cutting Issues Division National Institute of Disaster Management(NIDM) IIPA Campus, IP Estate, MG Road, New Delhi-2 Tel - 011- 23702433 Dr. PK Mishra , IAS (Retd.) Dr. K J Anandha Kumar Chairman Associate Professor Gujarat State Electricity Regulatory National Institute of Disaster Commission (GERC) Management(NIDM) 1st Floor, Neptune Tower IIPA Campus, IP Estate, MG Road, Opposite Nehru Bridge New Delhi-2 Ashram Road, Ahmedabad - 380 009 Tel - 011-23702432 Gujarat Phone: 91 - 79 -26580350, 26580359 Fax: 91 - 79 – 26584542 Email : [email protected] Phone: 91 - 79 – 26584684 (D) Email : [email protected] Ms. B. Bhamathi, IAS Dr. Amir Ali Khan Additional Secretary Assistant Professor Ministry of Home Affairs National Institute of Disaster North Block, New Delhi Management(NIDM), IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-2 Tel - 011-23702432 Shri Lokesh Jha , IAS Ms. Chandrani Bandyopadhyay Joint Secretary Assistant Professor PP Division National Institute of Disaster Ministry of Home Affairs Management(NIDM) Lok Nayak Bhavan, New Delhi IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-2 Tel - 011-23702432 Shri R. K. Srivastava , IAS Dr. Sujata Satapathy Joint Secretary Assistant Professor DM Division National Institute of Disaster Ministry of Home Affairs Management(NIDM) Lok Nayak Bhavan, New Delhi IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-2 Tel - 011-23702432

4 Dr. Krishna Vatsa Shri Shekher Chaturvedi Regional Disaster Reduction Advisor, National Institute of Disaster Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Management(NIDM) Recovery (BCPR) IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, South and South-West Asia Office New Delhi-2 United Nations Development Tel - 011-23702432 Programme (UNDP) 40, India International Centre, 2nd Floor Max Mueller Marg, Lodhi Estate, New Delhi - 110003 [email protected] Dr. VS Prakash Director Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre, IX Floor, BWSSB Building, Cauvery Bhavan, Bangalore - 560 009, Karnataka Tel.: 080 22215613, TeleFax: 080 22217038 Email: [email protected], [email protected]. Dr. Shiraz Wajih Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group (GEAG) Post Box No. 60, 224, Purdilpur, M G College Road Gorakhpur -273001 (U.P.) India Phone - 0551-2230004 Fax - 0551-2230005 Dr. A. P. Tyagi Director General India Meteorological Department Mausam Bhavan, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-3 Tel - 011-24611842 Shri Sarabjit Singh Sahota UNICEF 73 Lodi Estate, New Delhi 110 003 Tel: 91 11 2469-0401, 2469-1410 Fax: 011 2462-7521, 2469-1410 Email: [email protected] Prof. JK Das , Dean & Head (Epidemiology), National Institute of Health & Family Welfare Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi-110067. Phones: 91-11-2616 5959 Fax: 91-11-2610 1623

5 Shri J.P. Yadav 8th Bn NDRF, Post Surajpur, Greater Noida, Gautam Budh Nagar, UP Off -0120-2351101/02 Telefax-0120-2351105

Support Staff

Shri Rajiv Kumar Shri Pankaj Kumar Program Associate Program Support National Institute of Disaster National Institute of Disaster Management(NIDM) Management(NIDM) IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-2 New Delhi-2 Tel - 011-23702432 Tel - 011-23702432

List of Participants S. Country Flag Name of Participants Photograph Tel./Cell Email No Designation Address 1. Gambia Mr. Mohamadou 6610216 gfrs@ga Drammeh mtel.gm

Leading Fire Fighter Gambia Fire and Rescue Service, 9 Ecowas Avenue, Gambia 2. Gambia Mr. Yaya Sonko 220422821 gfrs@ga Station Officer (Admn.) 1 mtel.gm

Gambia Fire and Rescue 220354902 Service, 9 Ecowas 7 Avenue, Gambia 002204224 03 (F) 3. Ghana Ms. Juliet Aku Pappoe 030230838 shyjil05 Senior Disaster Control 3 (R) @yahoo.

Officer 024312251 com National Disaster 9 (M) Management Organization 4. Ghana Ms. Love Asare– 233244448 loveasar Bediako 618 (F) ebediako

SDCO @yahoo. National Disaster com Management Organisation, P.O. Box – 3994, ACCRA 5. Lesotho Mr. Isaac Lehlohonolo 002662232 lehlohon Suping 7249(O) olosupin

Principal Legal Officer 59418264 g@yahoo Prime Minister’s Office, (R) .com Govt. of Lesotho 62995554 (M) 6. Lesotho Mr. Moletsane 002662231 mmakho Stephen Makhooane 7163 (o) oane103

Lesotho Mounted Police 22337102 07@yaho Services, Special Unit, (R) o.co.uk Fire Brigade Unit, 62007477

Lesotho (M) 22310045(F 7. Mauritius Mr. Vunka Jungum 002306975 rajoo150 Rajoo 604 2@yahoo

Major 002304239 .co.uk Special Mobile Force 348 Head Quarter, St. 002306863

Vincent Street, Vacoas, 048 (F) Mauritius 8. Namibia Ms. Matrida Kalinasho 264612922 mkmusw Daisy Musweu 048 (o) eu@gmai

CIO 264612191 l.com Ministry of Home Affairs 28 ® and Immigration, 264811422

Private Bag - 13200, 119 & Windhoek, Namibia 264811295 161 (M) 264612922 185 (F)

7 9. Namibia Mr. Mesag Hailonga 264612902 meh@wi Supritendant 715 ndhoekcc

C/o Esshen Seshen 264612902 .org.na Street Windhock 722(O) Namibia, Head Office of 264812512 the City Police and 200(M) Emergency Services, 264612902 Namibia 711 (F) 264613045 50(R) 10. Niger Mr. Ali Abdouhazize 002272073 abdoutch Tondibia 2113 anga@ya Groupement National 002278613 hoo.fr Sapurs Pompiers 4134 (GNSP), Niamey , Niger 002279613 4134 11. Niger Mr. Billo Illiassou 002272072 bill95a@ GAN 6037 yahoo.fr

Groupement National 227903444 Sapurs Pompiers 10

(GNSP), Niamey , Niger 12. Nigeria Mr. Lukman 234803578 lukmant Adedamola Adedeji 5302 hetallest (DSP) 234808177 @yahoo. MO 44 PMF Squardon, 6227 co.uk Police Force Head quarters, Shehu Shagari Way, Abuja, Nigeria 13. Nigeria Mr. Saheed Akande 294803719 saoakiod Olakunle Akiode 5653 e@yahoo Asst. Chief Training 294805322 .co.uk Officer (ACTO) 7466 National Emergency 234702531 Management Agency 9199 (NEMA) 8 Adetokunbo Ademola Crescent, Maitama Abuja, Nigeria 14. Rwanda Mr. Habinshuti 250788554 h.philipp Philippe 124 e@midim

Disaster Preparedness 250728554 ar.gov.r Operations Manager 124 w Ministry of Disaster Management Refugees Affairs P.O. Box–4386, Kigali Blue Sky House Building Kacyiru–Gasabo-Kigali, Rwanda 15. Senegal Mr. Ndoye Mamadou 002213383 emsg1@l Firemen Commander 72711 ive.fr Regional Fire Service, 002217752 Head Quarter of Dakar, 97143 PoBox – 19624, Guediawaye, Senegal

8 16. Senegal Mr. Papa Ange Michel 002217755 angediat Diatta 76683 ta@yaho Chief of General Studies 002263382 o.fr and Plan Bureau 39314

Senegalese Fire Service, Head Quarters, Avenue Malick Sy PoBox – 273, Dakar, Senegal 17. Seychelles Mr. Cliff Alissop 248267220 cliffalisso Project Coordinator 0 [email protected] Division of Risk and 248272217 c Disaster Management, 1 Environment Dept., 248461013 Ministry of Home Affairs, 1 (F) Environment, Transport and Energy, Room No. 3 Global Village, Mt Flueri 18. Sierra Mr. Abu Draman 033360641 Abuds15 Leone Solokor Bockarie 588@ya Assistant Director hoo.com O/o The Office of National Security (ONS) Tower Hill Fretown, Sierra Leone 19. Tanzania Mr. Aristides 255713558 damazoa Sebastian Damazo 170 ristides@

Instructor Police 255788227 yahoo.co Academy 414 m

Moshi Police Academy, P.O. Box – 3024, Moshi – Kilimnajro, Tanzania 20. Tanzania Mr. Shaaban Lemmy 255754602 shabbyki Kimea 411 mea@ya

Asstt. Commissioner of 255784879 hoo.com Police, Ministry of Home 680 Affairs/ Tanzania Police Force, P.O. 9141, Dar- Es-Salaam 21. Uganda Mr. Jasper Oloka 256414284 olokajas Dy Commandant 665 per@yah Counter Terrorism 041425149 oo.com Directorate 0 (F) C/o PO. Box – 573, 256774428 KAMPALA, Uganda 540 22. Uganda Mr. John Bosco 256414505 jbtumwe Tumwebaze 851 baze@ya Commandant 256772693 hoo.com C/o Uganda Prisons 308 Service, Po. Box – 7182, KAMPALA, Uganda

Programme Report

The first session of day one focused on briefing the participants about the course, logistic arrangements, administrative announcements and concept of Host team. Host Team was created to involve participants in the conduct of the program. They were given various responsibilities during the program.

During the second session, participants introduced themselves in detail and stated their expectations from the course. Main stress by the participants was on learning about initiatives about disaster management and preparedness, mitigation and response measures to various disasters. Knowledge and information about various Disaster Risk Reduction measures were also one of the expectations of the participants.

The last session of the day was formal inaugural session. During this session, participants were welcomed by Prof. Santosh Kumar, Course Coordinator of the course. Dr. Satendra , Executive Director, NIDM welcomed the participants and thanked MEA and MHA for once again trusting NIDM to conduct of this programme. He explained the capacity building initiatives being implemented by NIDM. He then said that the collaboration between NIDM, MEA, MHA and African countries would be there to stay and NIDM would be happy to organize such courses in future also.

Shri R. K. Srivastava , Joint Secretary (DM), MHA while addressing the participants informed about various organizations working in the field of disaster management and capacity building viz. NDMA and NIDM etc. He also detailed out the institutional structure prevalent in the country for managing disasters and various global initiatives undertaken in preparedness and response to disasters. He also mentioned about the National Disaster Response Fund which has been instituted for response related activities.

Shri Lokesh Jha , Joint secretary (PP), MHA addressed the participants and thanked NIDM for taking up the responsibility of organizing the programme at the behest of PP Division, MHA.

H.E. (Ms.) Nimisha Madhvani , Ambassador of Uganda in India at the outset thanked Government of India for organizing such a programme. She also emphasized the need for safer and better global environment. She stressed the importance of lessons learnt from past disasters in rebuilding of the affected country after disaster. She said that capacity building is necessary for effective reduction of disaster risks. She floated an idea of having an Institute like that of NIDM or linking NIDM to any vocational institute in one of the African countries.

Shri Gurjeet Singh , Additional Secretary (E & SA), MEA in his inaugural speech touched briefly on activities of MEA and initiatives taken by it in the field of Disaster management. He also stressed the need of such courses to be conducted in future in collaboration with various Governments of other countries. He also drew similarities between India and participating African countries in respect to drought and flood. He emphasized that the effect of these disasters gets further intensified due to climate change impact and urbanization. He expressed his concern over unplanned and un-thoughtful urbanization. He thanked NIDM for accepting the request of MEA for organizing such courses and enabling Government of India in achieving its initiative under the Indo-African summit.

Prof. Santosh Kumar, Course Director, NIDM proposed a formal vote of thanks.

12 Day Two

Day two began with the technical session on Disaster Risk Reduction and Development. During this session, Prof. Santosh Kumar discussed about various Initiatives of Government of India in the field of disaster management and how developmental issues have been addressed while taking these initiatives. He emphasized the need of the fact that every development should have mitigation and preventive measures inbuilt. This would not only help reducing the impact of disasters but also help grow a better environment to live in. He also touched upon the disaster management concept in India and Africa and the commonalities between the two.

In his subsequent presentation on Issues and challenges for Governance and Policy, Prof. Kumar discussed in detail the trends of disaster events globally and India & Africa in particular. He further discussed the global framework for disaster management. He emphasized that every disaster has thrown new challenges for governance and has been managed in a different manner. Participants also expressed that they have also been facing disasters man-made in particular and have come across challenges of different nature with every passing disaster. A consensus was arrived to the fact that an out of the box thinking is always necessary for managing any disaster as every disaster has new dimensions.

Dr. K J Anandha Kumar , Associate professor with NIDM started his presentation on Concepts and causes of flood and early warning and preparedness measures related to floods. He started the presentation with various statistics of flood and its impact. He then discussed various types, causes and impact of floods in detail. Flood control measures, both structural and non- structural, and initiatives taken for tackling floods was also discussed during his presentation. He shared with the participants various benefits of floods like ground water recharge etc. during his presentation.

13 Dr. Satendra , Executive Director NIDM shared his experiences of managing Kosi Floods of 2008 in the state of Bihar. He apprised the participants about the incident and its impact. He then explained how Kosi Floods 2008, one of the worst disasters, was managed and various response activities were carried out by Government of Bihar State with the help of Central Government. He emphasized that there were two major initiatives that were taken by the Government of Bihar during post disaster of this event. One was Owner Driven Reconstruction Approach, where the affected were requested to build their own houses with the help both technical and financial, from the government. This helped in an increased sense of satisfaction and ownership amongst the affected community. The second approach was Built Back Better, which not only emphasized the need of reconstruction of the damaged house but also making it reseilient to multi hazard affecting the area. This was also carried out with the help of community.

The last session of the day was on Basic Concepts of Disaster Management. Shri Shekher Chaturvedi , NIDM took this session. This session was conducted as a group exercise. Groups came up with the definitions of Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and Capacity which were summed up by Shri Chaturvedi with the help of definitions in the DM Act 2005 and given by UNISDR.

Day Three

The day began with Dr. PK Mishra , Chairman, GERC, sharing his experiences about Administrative challenges of handling catastrophic situation. He took up the case study of Gujarat Earthquake 2001 and explained about how despite all odds, government of Gujarat could manage such a huge disaster where about 14000 people died and there was huge loss of property. During his presentation, he explained the participants about the shift in approach of managing disasters from Post-disaster centric to pre-disaster centric. He explained the challenges faced by the

14 administration like their family emergencies, own injuries, span of damage, availability of resources, etc.

In his second presentation on Funding disasters, Dr. Mishra said that funding mechanism prevalent in the country is Calamity Relief Fund (CRF) which is based on recommendation of Finance Commission. Centre and State share the contributions to CRF. Further to it National Calamity Contingency Fund is also utilized when CRF is not adequate for relief expenditure. However, both these funds are meant for immediate relief and reconstruction and not for long term recovery. He emphasized the need for risk transfer mechanism for financing disasters like Insurance. Citing Gujarat example where Insurance mechanism was successfully used, he said that Risk Insurance can be an alternate mechanism. He also informed the participants about latest development in financing disasters in the form of National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) and National Disaster Response Fund (NDR Fund) projected by the 13 th Finance Commission. The NDR Fund has been constituted with a corpus to support post disaster activities while NDMF is in the process. He also mentioned that a Capacity Building Grant has been constituted by the 13 th Finance Commission to support the Capacity building activities in the states of the country. He also flagged the issues like re-insurance, public-private partnership in this field and affordability of the needy which need to be addressed for an effective financing mechanism for disaster management.

Dr. Shiraz Wajih , GEAG shared his view on Climate change and food security with the participants. He started of with brief on concept of climate change and its impact. He stated that climate change has resulted in varied rainfall and has led subsequently to increased disaster risks and exposed much more area to disasters. He then touched upon impact of climate change on agriculture and thus leading to food insecurity. He discussed these issues with the case study of Uttar Pradesh.

Day Four

Day four began with the technical session on Systematic Approach to Training. During this session, Prof. Santosh Kumar discussed about various concepts and cycle of training like learning, Imitation, being told, etc. He also discussed the pedagogy and Initiatives of Government of India in the field of disaster management and how developmental issues have been addressed while taking these initiatives. He emphasized the need of the fact that every development should have mitigation and preventive measures inbuilt. This would not only help reducing the impact of disasters but also help grow a better environment to live in. He also

15 touched upon the disaster management concept in India and Africa and the commonalities between the two.

Participants were also taken to India Meteorological Department to have a first hand experience on Cyclone monitoring system and early warning dissemination to concerned authorities. DG IMD welcomed the participants and apprised them about the activities and collaborations of IMD. This was followed by a presentation about concepts, initiatives and warning mechanism for cyclones was made by Dr. K. Mohapatra . Participants were then taken around various sections of IMD where they had a face to face viewing of cyclone warning system and seismic monitoring system.

Day Five

Prof. Santosh Kumar while making the presentation on damage and Loss assessment, deliberated on the issue of difference between damage and loss and non-assessment of loss by many during disasters. This leads to a great discrepancy in actual assessment and planning for recovery. He emphasized the need of having correct identification of damage and loss of any affected area in order to plan the activities for better management of post disaster activities like allocation of funds, recovery plan, etc.

Prof. Vinod K. Sharma , IIPA shared his thoughts on Cross cutting and humanitarian issues focusing on Community based disaster management. He started his session with various community based initiatives taken in this field and their integration in the ongoing programmes. He emphasized the need and importance of Community centric disaster management as this would help in long term sustainability of the initiatives and ownership of programmes. He then put-forth the idea that the nurturing of children at a tender age would lead to wider awareness about disasters and also would be an initiative that would remain alive for years together. He related this with school level initiatives like awareness campaigns, disaster management as a subject in the curriculum and development of IEC materials, etc. which have been undertaken at a large scale but also said that this is only a beginning and a long distance is still to be covered.

While making the presentation in second and third sessions of the day, Prof. Santosh Kumar explained the types and causes of drought. He emphasized that drought is largely attributed to, metrological events like deficient rain which leads agricultural and hydrological. He then discussed about the methodology for tackling drought situations with the case study of Rajasthan. He also linked his presentation with conditions in various

16 African countries. He also discussed the impact of drought on livelihood and various challenges and remedies on various livelihood issues. Drought creates larger impacts than any other disaster. It continues for larger period say 1- 2-3-5 years, which affects whole economic processes. He stated that Drought and Epidemics have been the major disasters that strike African countries.

Last session of the day was devoted to exposing the participants to overview of earthquake disaster and its mitigation and management. A presentation was made by Dr. Amir Ali Khan , Assistant Professor NIDM on this topic. Dr. Khan, while discussing about the concepts and causes of earthquake, shared with the participants the statistics about losses caused by major earthquakes. He also discussed in detail about the primary and secondary hazards that are associated with earthquakes like liquefaction, landslides, tsunami and fire etc.

Day Six to Eight

Day Six to day Eight were devoted to field experience of the participants. The participants were taken to Agra, Bharatpur and Jaipur during the field trip from 24 th to 26 th September 2011. At Agra they saw and studied the impact of disaster on tourism and heritage monuments. While at Bharatpur, they were exposed to impact of drought on tourism. The participants then proceeded to Jaipur for analyzing and studying drought management, relief and response, water- shed management and fodder and cattle management. At Jaipur, participants were given insight into the above mentioned aspects through presentations and discussions by Officials of the office of Secretary (Disaster Management), who also interacted with the participants during the discussions. The participants were also exposed to the field realities so that they could operationalise the theoretical teachings and discussion of the class room. They interacted with the villagers, women folk and also with the village level administrative wing. The field trip enriched the participants with practical

exposure.

Visit to the Drought Proofing site in the Harsauli Village of Rajasthan

Interaction with officials of Govt. of Rajasthan

Day Nine

Day nine began with the issue of Drought Monitoring Initiatives in India. Dr. VS Prakash , Director, Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre deliberated on this issue citing the example from the State of Karnataka. He started his presentation with an organizational and work overview of the Monitoring Centre. While discussing about drought monitoring issues, he discussed about the affect of the drought incident that affected Karnataka state and initiatives taken by the state in its management which included constant monitoring through various scientific tools. He informed the participants about the new approach Bhoochethana which was utilized to revive the dryland through transfer of innovative technology and enhance the capacity of community. He also discussed about the weather based insurance mechanism.

The issue of urban risk management was discussed with the participants during this session. Ms. Chandrani Bandyopadhyay , Assistant Professor NIDM started of with the definition of the city and then elaborated upon the issues related to urban growth. She said that the urban disasters have been on an increase due to rapid

19 urbanization which has taken place due to work opportunities, better infrastructure facilities and other amenities. She further added that local governance is the key to make cities reseilient to disasters.

Mr. Sarabjit Singh Sahota , UNICEF deliberated upon the children issues during disasters. He discussed the needs of children during emergencies and how these can be addressed. He emphasized the need of planning while addressing the needs of children during disasters. He also discussed the initiatives taken by UNICEF in this regard.

Day Ten

Prof. Santosh Kumar during his presentation on Gender issues during disasters, discussed the differential impact of disasters on Gender. He tackle with it. The presentation was followed by exercise to bring out the issues and challenges with regard to impact and management of disasters with a gender lens.

Dr. Krishna Vatsa , Regional Disaster Reduction Advisor, Bureau of Crisis Prevention & Response (BCPR), UNDP discussed a very important issue of role of UN organisations for disaster risk reduction in Africa with the participants. He briefly touched upon the disasters faced by African countries and their impact on people of Africa. He then discussed the roles of various UN organizations such as OCHA, UNDP, UNHCR and The World bank for reducing disaster risks. He also elaborated upon various constraints faced by these organizations in achieving their goals.

Participants then went to the National Disaster Response Force at Greater NOIDA to have a first hand experience of the search and rescue

20 equipments and how an earthquake search and rescue is carried out. NDRF personnel explained the importance and use of most of the equipments which are used by NDRF personnel in search and rescue activities. Triage (separation of affected people with reference to gravity of their injuries, cutting of debris and rescue of affected people was demonstrated by NDRF personnel. Shri JP Yadav Incharge NDRF Greater NOIDA then discussed with participants about their experiences in carrying out search and rescue in Sikkim. He also discussed various challenges face during any search and rescue operations.

Day Eleven

Day eleven started with Exercise on gender related issues during emergencies. Participants discussed about various challenges and constraints faced by disaster managers during emergencies. Prof. Santosh Kumar facilitated the discussion.

Ms. B. Bhamathi , Additional Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India discussed other gender related issues like trafficking in the next session. She brought forward hardships faced not only by Women but also men during emergencies. She also said that trafficking has been a major post disaster issue. This has affected women and children in particular. She raised selling of girls, child labour and steep fall in school attendance as issues and discussed possible remedies like political space for women, gender sensitive risk identification, possible interventions which bridge gender inequalities, etc. of the same.

The psycho-social health issues related to disasters were discussed by Dr. Sujata Satapathy , Assistant Professor, NIDM. She discussed the need of disaster psycho-social care for giving a healing touch to the survivors. Her presentation was largely based on group exercises and role plays for psychological interventions during emergency situations. During her session, she discussed various behavioural changes that occur to the survivors in post disaster phase. She said that increase in consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and violence etc. are very common amongst survivors. She then emphasized that there is lack of trained professionals for

21 providing psycho-social care to survivors in Africa and there is a big need for enhancing community level professionals for providing trauma care to survivors.

The last presentation of the programme was made by Dr. JK Das , Dean and Head of Department (Epidemiology), National Institute of Health & Family Welfare. He started his presentation with definition and causes of epidemics. He then discussed various early warning signals and sources of detection of epidemic outbreak with the participants. He also emphasized that constant vigil/ monitoring, effective communication, community involvement and clear roles and responsibilities are various measures that can be taken to prevent, prepare and mitigate epidemic outbreak.

Day Twelve

Last day was devoted to the presentations made by participants on project of preparedness and prevention steps for a disaster in anticipation and response measures taken after disaster has struck. Two groups utilized the information provided during the presentations by experts and experience of field visit to prepare the presentation and discussed the same with fellow participants.

The last session was a formal valedictory session where participants gave their feedback about the course and largely it was excellent. All were of the view that such programmes should be taken up on a more regular basis so that the continuity is maintained. Dr. Rakesh Hooja , Director Indian Institute of Public Administration delivered the valedictory address. During his address, he shared his experiences of managing drought and highlighted five major steps to effectively manage a disaster. Finally he gave away successfully completion certificates to participants.

22 Daily Evaluation Report

Day Happy Normal Unhappy Day 1 (19/09/2011) 16 3 3 Monday Day2 (20/09/2011) 18 Tuesday Day 3 (21/09/2011) 20 Wednesday Day 4 (22/09/2011) 22 Thursday Day 5 (23/09/2011) 9 Friday Day 6- 8 10 (24/09/2011 to 26-01-2011) Delhi –Agra – Bharatpur - Jaipur Visit Day 9 21 1 (27/09/2011) Tuesday Day 10 (28/09/2011) 15 Wednesday Day 11 (29/09/2011) 15 Thursday

Participant’s Feedback (End Course Evaluation)

A daily feedback of every session was taken from the participants of the course. The feedback was for the assessment of content as well as presentation skills of the Resource Persons. An overall view of the participants was that the course content and presentation skills of the resource persons were excellent. The session wise details of the feedback are as follows.

Participant’s Feedback in percentage Topic Faculty Name Assessment for Content Assessment of Presentation

Excellent Very Good Good Fair Excellent Very Good Good Fair Disaster Risk Prof. Santosh 81.82 13.64 4.54 81.82 13.64 4.54 Reduction and Kumar Development: Challenges and Opportunities Disaster Prof. Santosh 81.82 18.18 81.82 13.64 4.54 Management: Kumar Issues & Challenges for Governance & Public Policy Unfolding Dr. K J 40.91 45.45 9.09 40.91 50 9.09 catastrophic Anandha situations: Flood Kumar Management – Definition, Causes, impact, Mitigation Initiatives (flood plain zonation, etc.) and warning Responding to Dr. Satendra, 54.54 31.82 9.09 59.09 36.36 4.54 Floods – Relief & ED NIDM Response activities – A Case study of Kosi Floods, Bihar Basic concepts of Shri Shekher 40.91 31.82 13.64 36.36 40.91 9.09 Disaster Chaturvedi, Management NIDM Administrative Dr. PK 31.82 50 4.54 22.73 59.09 13.64 challenges of Mishra, handling GSERC catastrophic situation

24 Topic Faculty Name Assessment for Content Assessment of Presentation

Excellent Very Good Good Fair Excellent Very Good Good Fair Financing Dr. PK 54.54 36.36 9.09 50 36.36 9.09 Disaster Mishra, Management : GSERC Disaster Risk Prof. Santosh Funding, Kumar Institutional sustainability for disaster risk funding, Micro finance: spl reference to Crop Insurance Climate Change Dr. Shiraz 45.45 40.91 13.64 31.82 45.45 13.64 Adaptation & Food Wajih, GEAG Security Systematic Prof. Santosh 86.36 9.09 4.54 77.27 18.18 Approach to Kumar Training Tools and Prof. Santosh 63.64 9.09 54.54 13.64 4.54 Techniques of Kumar Training Cyclone – Visit to IMD 31.82 54.54 13.64 18.18 54.54 18.18 Definition, Causes, Session by socio-economic Dr. K. impact, Mitigation Mohapatra Initiatives Early Warning System: Tool & Techniques Post Disaster Prof. Santosh 77.27 9.09 4.54 77.27 13.64 4.54 damage, loss and Kumar Needs assessment Community level Prof. V. K. 36.36 50 4.54 27.27 45.45 18.18 initiatives for Sharma, IIPA DRR: Case Studies Drought – Prof. Santosh 63.64 27.27 63.64 27.27 Definition, Drought Kumar Mitigation initiatives

Earthquake – Dr. Amir Ali 63.64 18.18 9.09 36.36 36.36 18.18 Definition, Khan, NIDM Mitigation initiatives, and other issues Drought – Dr. V. S. 54.54 45.45 31.82 54.54 13.64 Monitoring & Prakash, Warning KSDMC, Bangalore Urban Risk : Ms. C. 72.73 22.73 59.09 40.91 Issues, Bandyopadhy Challenges, ay Mitigation and Management 25 Topic Faculty Name Assessment for Content Assessment of Presentation

Excellent Very Good Good Fair Excellent Very Good Good Fair Cross-cutting Shri Sarabjit 45.45 27.27 18.18 40.91 27.27 27.27 Issues : Children Singh in Emergencies Sahota, UNICEF Sikkim Dr. Surya 36.36 36.36 18.18 45.45 18.18 27.27 4.54 Earthquake: Parkash, Discussion NIDM Cross cutting Prof. Santosh 77.27 13.64 86.36 13.64 Issues: Gender Kumar, and Disaster NIDM Followed by Exercise Role of UN Dr. Krishna 40.91 31.82 18.18 40.91 22.73 27.27 4.54 Organizations for Vatsa, BCPR, DRR in Africa UNDP Emergency NDRF Greater 54.54 31.82 9.09 63.64 18.18 13.64 Response : NOIDA Introduction to Emergency Management and Demonstration Gender & Participants 81.82 4.54 4.54 81.82 4.54 4.54 Disasters: Group Facilitator: Exercise Prof. Santosh Presentation Kumar Gender & Disaster Ms. B. 81.82 9.09 4.54 77.27 4.54 13.64 with reference to Bhamathi, Trafficking Addl. Sec., MHA Disaster Psycho- Dr. Sujata 81.82 9.09 4.54 77.27 13.64 4.54 Social Care Satapathy, NIDM Dealing with Dr. JK Das, 45.45 27.27 22.73 22.73 45.45 27.27 Complex Dean & Head, Emergencies: Epidemiology Epidemics , NIHFW

Faculty Feedback of participants

100

0 Excellent Very Good Good Fair Excellent Very Good Good Fair

Assessment for Content Assessment of Presentation

Prof. Santosh Kumar Prof. Santosh Kumar Dr. K J Anandha Kumar Dr. Satendra, ED NIDM Shri Shekher Chaturvedi, NIDM Dr. PK Mishra, GSERC Dr. PK Mishra, GSERC Prof. Santosh Kumar Dr. Shiraz Wajih, GEAG Prof. Santosh Kumar Prof. Santosh Kumar Visit to IMD Session by Dr. K. Mohapatra Prof. Santosh Kumar Prof. V. K. Sharma, IIPA Prof. Santosh Kumar Dr. Amir Ali Khan, NIDM Dr. V. S. Prakash, KSDMC, Bangalore Ms. C. Bandyopadhyay Shri Sarabjit Singh Sahota, UNICEF Dr. Surya Parkash, NIDM Prof. Santosh Kumar, NIDM Dr. Krishna Vatsa, BCPR, UNDP NDRF Greater NOIDA Participants Facilitator: Prof. Santosh Kumar Ms. B. Bhamathi, Addl. Sec., MHA Dr. Sujata Satapathy, NIDM Dr. JK Das, Dean & Head, Epidemiology, NIHFW

Field Visit to Agra & Jaipur September 24 to 26, 2011

Choice of Places Sight Seeing Transport Guide Stay/ Food arrangements

Excellent Excellent Good Poor Excellent Good Poor Excellent Good Poor Excellent Good Poor Excellent Good Poor 81.82 9.09 72.73 13.64 72.73 13.64 63.64 22.73 4.54 31.82 54.54 9.09

Assessment of Content Assessment of Presentation Excellent Very Good Good Fair Excellent Very Good Good Fair Presentation on “Drought 45.45 36.36 9.09 40.91 31.82 18.18 Management: Initiatives in Rajasthan” by Department of Disaster Management, Govt. of Rajasthan on September 26, 2011

Participants’ Reflection

1. “I suggest exercise outside classroom on how to respond may be organized as we saw at NDRF at NOIDA.”.

2. “We learnt a lot and we really are happy for our first visit to India”

3. “It is a great pleasure to attend this important training programme at India and I will deliver to the best of my ability”.

4. “It is of great importance to have this kind of training which I consider as an eye-opener as far as disaster risk management is concerned”.

5. “Very enriching course and informative that is essential with quite resourceful presenters”.

6. “Learning from those who know is more productive than learning from those who are informed. This has been the most informative, very educational ad excellent training”.

7. “Only one observation on the planning of this course – African issues are developed and the experience of trainer can be very good information which can help NIDM”.

8. “The training was very interesting and was well organised”.

9. “I suggest that aspect of informal learning by including participants from host country, needs to be incorporated”.

10. “We just say thank you for everything. For sure this training will be helpful for my country. Collaboration between India and African countries will remain”.

11. “It has been a wonderful experience; learning and having fun at the same time. I would welcome another training programme in India as soon a possible”.

12. “The course was timely, detailed, interesting. Participants were fantastic. Would recommend further training to enhance the capacity of the participants not only for the job but also for correct development. We are grateful”.

**************